(HI}?  i.  1.  Bill  aithrara 


5Jiirlb  (Harolina  ^tatp  CEnUpQF 

QJC495 
A85J6 


This  book  is  due  on  the  date  indicated  below 
and  is  subject  to  a  fine  of  FIVE  CENTS  a 
day  thereafter. 


iiL.^.^mo 


REVISION 
of 
NORTH-AMERICAN  SPECIES 

of 

ASTRAGALUS 


by      ^ 


Marcus  E.  Jones  A.  M. 


Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 

Text  distributed  Feb.  15  1923 
Plates,  June  20  1923. 


PREFACE. 

In  presenting  this  monograph  of  the  most  difficult  genus  of  North 
American  plants  I  have  no  excuse  to  offer,  though  many  could  be 
made.  I  know  its  shortcomings  better  than  anyone  else  can  know. 
There  are  Mexican  species  and  a  few  others  cf  which  1  would  like  to 
know  more,  but  to  wait  ti'l  we  know  all  about  all  species  would 
mean  never  publishing  at  all.  I  have  tried  to  study  every  species  in 
the  field  to  get  my  knowledge  first  hand.  I  have  used  every  means 
possible  to  get  and  keep  fresh  material  for  study.  For  the  most  part  four 
per  cent  formaline  has  been  the  killrr  and  preservative  of  section 
material  as  it  causes  the  least  shrinkage  and  distortion  cf  tissue,  but  it 
is  impossible  to  preserve  any  material  in  anything  that  will  not  cause 
STme  shrinkn^e.  The  celloidin  method  of  infiltration  and  imbedding 
has  proven  the  method  of  most  service.  Some  tissues  have  been 
st'Mned  but  for  the  most  part  sections  have  been  left  unstained  and 
drawn  from  just  as  they  are  in  order  to  get  all  detaVs.  The  method 
of  drawing  sections  has  been  to  mount  sections  and  to  project  the 
images  on  the  paper  through  a  camera  vv'^hich  magnifies  them  three 
times  and  to  trace  the  image  on  the  drawing  paper  with  a  pencil  and 
when  all  details  are  co  r))]pte  to  retrace  them  in  ink.  Most  of  the  pods, 
leaves  and  flowers  were  drawn  by  the  use  of  proportional  dividers, 
a   few  were  drawn  towards  the  last  by  the  camera  method. 

I  had  done  a  considerable  amount  of  work  on  the  genus  previous 
to  1894,  but  the  puh'ication  of  the  abortive  list  of  Sheldon  in  1894 
convinced  me  that  no  one  but  a  fieVl  •^^otanist  could  ever  monograph 
the  genus  right,  and  for  that  reason  T  notified  the  young  man  that 
whatever  work  he  did  on  the  genus  would  not  deter  me  from  finally 
nionograi)hing   it. 

In  getting  my  material  and  observations  I  have  traversed  the 
rontinent  twice  east  and  west  and  examined  nearly  all  types  in  this 
country,  and  have  gone  from  Central  Mexico  to  the  British  line 
several  times  and  have  collected  a  large  amount  of  material,  in  the 
twenty-five   years    that   this   monograi)h   has   been   in    i)reparation. 

I  am  indebted  to  nearly  every  North  American  Botanist  for  speci- 
mens lo;ined  or  notes  taken.  Those  to  whom  I  am  most  indebted 
nre  the  Brandegses  for  the  loan  of  all  their  material  and  for  many 
notes  and  s-'eeimens  through  the  years  past.  Miss  Alice  Eastwood 
Joaned    me    ill    the    material    of    the    California    Academy    of    Science 


before  it  was  burned.  Prof.  Trelease  loaned  me  all  the  Missouri 
Botanic  Garden  Astragali.  1  have  gone  over  all  the  material  of  the 
Gray  Herbarium  and  photographed  all  the  types  through  the  kindness 
of  Dr.  Robinson.  I  examined  the  types  of  the  Philadelphia  Academv 
of  Science  by  permission  of  Thomas  Meehan;  of  Columbia  College 
through  Prof.  Underwood.  While  at  Washington  I  worked  up  all  the 
material  of  the  National  Herbarium,  and  since  then  have  received 
much  material  from  Dr.  Rose  and  Mr.  Maxon.  I  have  been  in  constant 
correspondence  with  Mr.  S.  B.  Parish  through  the  years  and  have  re- 
ceived critical  material  from  him.  The  same  is  true  of  W.  C.  Cusick. 
To  Prof.  Beattie  1  am  indebted  for  an  investigation  of  the  Washing- 
ion  material.  To  Prof.  Hall  of  the  University  of  California  for  their 
material,  to  F.  H.  Hillman  for  Nevada  material,  to  the  Agricultural 
College  of  Montana  and  the  State  University  collections,  to  A.  Nelson 
for  a  few.  specimens  of  Wyo'ning  Astragali,  to  Mr.  Osterhout  of  Colo- 
rado for  material,  to  Mr.  Ruth  of  Texas,  to  the  University  of  Colorado 
for  material,  to  Prof.  Thornber  of  the  University  of  Arizona,  to 
Prof.  Wooton  of  New  Mexico,  to  Mrs.  R.  M.Austin  and  Mrs.  Clemen? 
for  all  her  material,  and  to  many  others  I  am  indebted.  My  fi'ieno 
I.  E.  Diehl  has  gone  over  much  of  the  MS.  and  checked  it  up  witl 
herbarium  material  catching  up  occasional  slips.  The  drawing^ 
are  the  work  of  Miss  Clara  Brooks  for  the  most  part.  A  few  have  beet 
made  by  my  daughter  Mildred  and  a  few  by  myself,  particularly 
cross  sections  of  fresh  material.  All  drawings  are  natural  size 
unless  otherwise  stated.  Most  of  the  cross  sections  of  fresh  material 
were  preserved  in  formaline  infiltrated  with  celloidin  and  stained 
on  the  slide  with  picro-carmlne,  dehydrated  with  various  alcohols 
and  xylol  and  mounted  in  Canada  halsam. 


TERMS    USED    ■  -    ASTRAGALUS. 

The  flowers  consist  of  bannei  '.vhicti  is  the  upper  petal;  wings 
(the  two  side  petals),  and  keel  wliicli  is  the  inner  petal  and  is  com- 
posed of  two  petals  united  along  the  lower  edge.  The  banner  Is  almost 
always  grooved  up  the  middle  which  is  called  the  groove  or  sulcus. 
The  middle  of  the  banner  usually  has  a  white  spot  which  is  variously 
shaped  and  veined.  The  claws  of  the  petals  are  those  parts  inclosec) 
in  the  calyx  and  differ  from  the  expanded  parts  called  the  blades.  Whei 
not  otherwise  stated  the  claw  is  not  included  in  measurements  of  tht 
length  of  the  petals  but  is  included  in  the  length  of  the  flowers.  The 
wings  are  always  narrow  and  for  the  most  part  are  concave  or  convex 
to  the  keel  and  rarely  united  to  its  base,  the  tips  mostly  are  longer  than 
the  keel  and  one  or  both  either  flaring  or  hooked  over  the  end,  some 
times  one  flares  and  the  other  is  bent  over  the  keel,  sometimes  they 
are  twisted  from  a  vertical  to  a  horizontal  position  at  the  end  of  keel 
and  then  resemble  wings,  they  are  mostly  entire,  but  sometimes  notch- 
ed below  the  middle  or  rarely  cleft  or  lobed  in  the  forms  approaching 
Oxytropis.  The  keel  tip  is  mostly  triangular  and  inclined  to  boat- 
shaped  or  lunate  (moon-shaped),  sometimes  produced  sharply  on  the 
upper  end,  but  not  in  the  middle  of  the  end  which  is  a  character  of 
Oxytropis.  The  calyx  varies  from  tapering  at  base  to  trancate  or 
very  oblique  and  even  with  a  knob  on  the  upper  corner,  sometime? 
fleshy-thickened  at  tip  of  pedicel,  the  uppe-side  is  often  deeper  cleft 
than  the  lower.  The  pods  are  formed  of  two  valves  united  by  their 
rdges  called  sutures,  the  upper  edge  is  the  ventral  (the  one  that 
bears  the  seed)  and  is  sometimes  inverted  by  the  twisting  of  the 
pedicel,  the  lower  is  the  dorsal  and  is  mostly  a  mere  line.  The  lowest 
developed  forms  like  A.  campestris  have  the  simple  vetch-like  pods 
with  both  sutures  mere  ribs  or  lines,  others  have  the  ventral  suture 
variously  thickened  and  often  raised  like  a  keel,  it  is  seldom  depressed 
except  in  some  Inflati  where  it  is  both  depressed  and  even  produced 
somewhat  as  a  partition  from  which  the  seeds  hang.  When  the 
pod  is  grooved  at  all  it  is  mostly  plcng  the  dorsal  suture  which  is 
variously  impressed  forming  a  fold,  in  some  forms  this  fold  extends  to 
the  ventral  suture  simply  as  a  fold,  at  other  times  its  sides  are 
united  to  form  a  partition  which  rarely  is  completely  united  to  the 
ventral  suture  and  making  the  pod  wholly  2-celled,  very  rarely  does 
it  lose  its  identity  as  a  union  of  the  two  sides  of  the  fold;  when  the  pod 
is  grooved  it  is  called  sulcate.  It  is  called  inflated  when  the  cavity  is 
larger  than  the  mature  seeds.  When  the  pod  has  a  stalk  on  which  it 
is  raised  partly  or  wholly  out  of  the  calyx  this  is  called  the  stipe.  The 
cross-section  of  the  pod  as  to  shape  is  supposed  to  rest  on  the  dorsal 
as  its  base.  The  seeds  of  the  Astragali  differ  but  little  and  are  reni- 
form  and  attached  along  the  ventral  suture,  generally  attached  alon& 
file  middle  of  the  pod  and  not  from  base  to  tip. 


4 
MORPHOLOGY. 

The  flowers  of  Astragalus  are  papilionaceous;  the  calyx  tubular: 
the  stamens  united  below;  and  the  petals  five  and  clawed.  The  up- 
per petal  is  the  banner  with  a  conspicuously  expanded  blade  creased 
in  the  middle  lengthwise,  generally  with  a  white  spot  in  the  middle, 
and  with  sides  and  tip  variously  reflexed,  or  tip  often  hooded  and  al- 
ways notched.  The  two  lateral  petals  are  the  wings  and  are  nearly 
always  very  oblique  and  mostly  narrow,  eared  at  base  of  blade  where 
they  are  inset  in  corresponding  depressions  in  the  keel  blades.  The 
wing  blades  are  parallel  with  the  keel  and  one  or  the  other  or  both 
flare  at  tip,  and  are  generally  a  little  longer  than  the  keel  and  shorter 
than  the  banner,  frequently  the  tips  are  incurved  over  the  keel 
tip,  the  sides  are  flat,  convex,  or  concave  to  the  keel.  The  tip  always 
has  a  rudimentary  or  more  evident  notch  near  the  middle  of  the  end. 
This  notch  rarely  extends  deep  enough  to  make  lobes  as  in  Oxytropis, 
and  only  in  A.  calycosus  is  there  a  long  hair-like  tongue  extending 
from  the  notch  as  a  third  lobe.  The  two  lower  petals  are  in  their 
blades  united  along  the  lower  edge  forming  a  boat-shaped  keel  which 
inclose  the  stamens.  This  is  variously  pointed  and  colored  but  rare- 
ly is  extended  into  a  beak. 

The  fruit  is  a  normally  single-celled  pod.  formed  by  a  single 
carpel  leaf  joined  by  the  edges,  the  seeds  being  borne  on  the  tips  of 
the  carpel  veins.  The  ventral  suture  corresponds  to  the  junction 
line  of  the  edges  of  the  leaf,  the  dorsal  suture  to  the  midrib  of  the 
leaf.  The  ventral  edges  are  'oosely  united  and  always  separate  at 
maturity.  As  a  rule  the  seed-bearing  line  is  thickened,  and  only  in 
the  Homalobi  is  it  thin  and  nerve-like.  The  thicker  is  the  wall  of 
the  pod  the  thicker  is  the  suture,  becoming  sometimes  2  mm.  thick. 
In  the  Inflati  it  is  produced  inwards  as  a  thin  wing  along  the 
middle,  and  in  other  groups  is  often  a  thickened  ridge  within  and 
often  raised  and  thickened  or  wnnged  without.  In  addition  the  pod 
is  mostly  variously  grooved  or  silicate  along  one  or  both  sutures. 
The  dorsal  suture  rarely  splits  at  maturity,  but  in  the  Homalobi  the 
pod  mostly  falls  off  into  two  curling  valves.  In  A.  lonchocarpus  the 
pod  at  last  flattens  into  a  perfect  leaf.  In  the  Podo-sclerocarpi 
the  pod  tends  to  split  at  both  sutures  at  the  base.  In  the  Sar- 
cocarpi  and  Argophylli  the  ventral  suture  opens  a  very  little,  often 
not  enough  for  the  seeds  to  fall  out  and  the  pod  becomes  long  after 
maturity,  as  in  the  Inflati  a  papery  ball  blown  far  by  the  wind. 
There  are  all  degrees  of  differentiation  in  the  dorsal  suture  from  a 
mere  line  in  the  Inflati  and  simpler  forms  to  a  dorsal  groove 
without  thickening,  to  a  raised  line  or  thin  wing  as  in  the  Alpini 
without  being  double,  then  passing  into  a  simple  double  fold  in  the 
wall  with  or  without  united  sides,  and  then  into  a  special  partition 
complete  or  nearly  so  which  is  clearly  double  on  dissection  as  is 
seen  so  well  in  the  Sarcocarpi,  and  A.  lentiglnosus. 

On  the  character  of  the  pods  and  flowers  hang  most  of  the  species, 
combined  with  vegetative  characters,  many  species  much  alike  in 
pods  differ  in  foliage  and  habit. 


PUBESCENCE. 

The  pubescence  of  Astragalus  is  almost  always  present  as  straight, 
short  and  appressed  hairs,  round  in  cross  section,  and  tapering  to 
tip.  That  on  the  calyx  is  normally  longer  and  looser  than  on  the 
leaves.     The  banner  is  rarely  a  little  hairy  at  tip. 

Astragalus  inflexus,  Utahensis,  funereus  and  coccineus  and  forms 
of  Purshii  have  very  delicate  kinked  hairs  variously  matted.  The 
Mollissimi  usually  have  matted  hairs  on  the  pods,  but  those  on  the 
leaves  though  very  dense  are  rarely  matted. 

Among  the  Argophylli  the  pubescence  is  mostly  dense  and  straight. 
In  A.  amphioxys  the  hairs  are  flat,  echinate,  tapering  toward  both 
ends  and  fixed  at  or  near  the  middle.  This  is  also  true  of  A\.  calyco- 
sus,  the  Uliginosi,  nitidus.  Very  rarely  do  the  hairs  have  a  pustu- 
late base. 

In  A.  lentiginosus  the  pubescence  is  very  variable.  One  variety 
has  flat  and  very  short  broad  hairs  closely  appressed  and  fixed  by  the 
base.  Other  varieties  have  the  pubescence  almost  woolly  as  in  Fre- 
mont!, nigricalycis,  etc.  A.  macrodon  has  much  the  same  pubescence. 
The  same  is  true  in  the  hot  climate  Inflati  along  the  Coast  of 
California,  some  species  have  woolly  pubescence,  others  silvery  but 
not  woolly. 

No  species  have  lepidote  or  stellate  hairs.  There  is  a  complete 
transition  in  the  hairs  from  normal  to  pick-shaped.  About  the  only 
valuable  character  distinguishing  A.  Shortianus  from  A.  amphioxys 
is  the  pubescence  which  in  the  former  is  of  slender  hairs  fixed  by  the 
base,  and  in  the  other  flat  hairs  fixed  by  the  middle  and  wide  and  echi- 
nate, but  this  varies  in  the  species  from  a  flat  hair  with  a  mere  knob  on 
one  side  at  the  base  to  one  fixed  by  the  middle. 

There  is  very  little  special  development  of  hair  as  root  pro- 
tection except  in  A.  triphyllus,  sericoleucus,  simplicifolius,  Gilensis, 
and  in  these  there  is  more  development  of  stipules. 


ASTRAGALUS. 


Tourn.  in  L.  Gen.  215  (1837).  Sp.  PL  755.  (1753).  Cystium 
Stev.,  Hamosa  Medic,  Homalobus  Nutt.,  Hypoglottis  Fourr., 
Onix  Spiesia  and  Aragallus  Necker  never  had  any  species 
described  with  them  till  the  recognized  genera  were  published 
with  species.  Astragalus  was  first  published  by  Tournefort 
without  species,  then  by  Limueus  in  his  Genera,  Phaca  pre- 
ceeding  it  and  having  its  first  publication  in  the  Genera  as  an 
equivalent  of  Astragaloides  Tournefort.  Linnffius  recognizing 
Tournefort  as  the  author  of  Astragalus.  The  same  order  of 
genera  Avas  retained  in  the  Species  Plantarum,  Linnffius  re- 
garding both  genera  as  having  been  previously  published.  The 
botanical  world  is  therefore  justified  in  retaining  Astragalus 
on  the  merging  of  Phaca  with  it. 

Calyx  5-toothcd.     Petals  with  claws,  5,  tlie  upper  the  ban- 
ner and  broader  than  the  rest  and  mostly  arcuate  and  with  re- 
flexed  sides,  the  center  occupied  by  a  deep  groove  or  sulcus 
running  lengthwise,   at  or  near  the  center  when  the  banner 
is  colored  is  a  variable  white  spot,  the  tip  mostly  notched.    On 
each  side,  a  little  below  the  banner,  are  the  two  wings  which 
are  narrowly  eared  below  and  more  or  less  adhering  to  the  keel 
and  variably  oblique,  entire  or  only  notched,  mostly  longer 
than  the  keel  and  shorter  than  the  bainier.    The  keel  is  formed 
by  the  two  lower  petals  adhering  by  their  lower  edges  to  the  tip 
like  the  keel  of  a  boat  in  general  appearance  and  very  oblique, 
and  inclosing  the  stamens  and  pistil.     Stamen  10,  diadelphous, 
9  and  1.     Pistil  simple  and  mostly  1-celled.     Stigma  terminal, 
minute.     Fruit   a  pod  seed-bearing  along   the  upper  suture. 
Seeds    on    slender    stalks,    reniform.      Texture    of   pods    from 
fleshy  to  papery,  the  cavity  generally  larger  than  the  seeds. 
Herbs  or  rarely  a  little  shrubby  below.    Leaves  with  odd-pinate 
leaflets   (reduced  to  the  simple  leaf-like  rachis  in  A.  simpli- 
cifolius,  and  to  a  single,  large,  leathery,  jointed  leaflet  in  A. 
Asclepiadoides).     Distinguished  from  Oxytropis  by  the  kee\ 
tip  not  being  abruptly  turned  out  in  a  sharp  beak  or  when  this 
is  true  then  the  wings  are  not  greatly  lobed  as  in  Oxytropis. 
Distinguished    from    Crotalaria    by    the    diadelphous    stamens 
and  flowers  never  truly  yellow. 


8 

A  genus  of  about  1500  species  growing  in  all  the  life  zones.  It 
contains  a  toxic  alkaloid  or  glucoside  which  causes  derangement  of 
the  brain  functions  and  affecting  the  motor  nerves  when  fresh.  The 
early  species  like  A.  mollissimus,  lentiginosus  and  others,  which 
come  out  before  the  grass  is  grown  enough  to  eat,  often  poison  horses. 
Sheep  are  sometimes  killed  by  Canadensis  in  summer  in  the  same 
way  when  other  forage  is  eaten  out  so  that  they  have  to  feed  on  this, 
but  no  stock  naturally  eat  any  species  of  Astragalus. 


SYSTEMS     OF    CLASSIFICATION. 


Many  attempts  have  been  made  to  segregate  the  genus  into  sub- 
genera, but  all  efforts  have  been  abortitve  for  the  reason  that  the 
spcies  are  too  closely  related  to  make  any  such  arrangement  satisfact- 
ory. The  attempt  to  segregate  the  species  into  several  genera  has 
been  still  more  abortive.  Oxytropis  can  be  kept  out  on  tho  flimsiest 
of  characters  only. 

DeCANDOLLE'S    REVISION. 

DeCandoUe  in  the  Prodromus  pp.  281-307  attempts  to  arrarge  the 
World's  species  under  four  gen'-ial  classes  according  to  the  color  of 
the  flowers  and  the  presence  cf  spines.  His  first  class  is  the  Purpu:- 
ascentes  with  free  stipules  and  purple  flowers.  His  sub-groups  uiider 
this  are  the  Hypoglottidei  with  23  species,  the  Dissitlflori  with  41 
species  Onybrychoidei  with  35  species.  Sesame!  with  S  Pi^ecics,  VesicarIi 
with  4  species,  Annulares  with  10  species. 

His  second  class  is  tha  OchroleucI  with  free  stipules  and  cream- 
colored  flowers.  His  sub-groups  are  Bucerates  with  11  species,  Syn- 
ochreati  with  10  species,  Ciceroidei  with  20  species,  Galegiformes 
with  4  species  Alopecurcldei  with  S  species,  Christiani  with  r.  species 

His  third  class  is  the  Tragacanthncei  with  adnate  stipules  and 
.!.S   species  ard   the   Chroncpodii   with   2   spceies. 

His  fourth  class  is  the  Podochreati  with  adnate  stipules,  and 
spinescent  or  persistent  petioles.  This  contains  the  Tragacanthae  witli 
petioles  not  indurate  nor  spinescent.  This  contains  the  Anthophylloidei 
with  14  species,  the  Caprini  with  22  species,  the  Incani  with  12  species 
and  the  Radiclflori  with  11  species. 

we  are  not  concerned  with  his  last  two  classes  as  none  of  the 
species  are  North  American. 

His  Ochroleuci  contains  the  Galegiformes  with  our  A.  racemosus 
and  is  characterized  by  the  free  stipules,  cream-colored  flowers  and. 
stipitate  pods.  This  class  also  contains  the  Ciceroidei  with  our  A. 
strigulosus,  glaber  and  Canadensis.  Its  character  is  free  stipules,  po- 
duncled  spikes,  cream-colored  flowers,  perennials,  sessile  pods.  Now 
A.  strigulosus  has  stipitate  p'ds  and  often  purple  flowers  and  with 
intruded  septum.  A.  Canadensis  has  2-celled  pods  fleshy  and  with 
peculiar  flowers.  A.  glaber  has  1-celled  pods  and  long  and  distant 
racemes.  The  plants  are  not  at  all  related.  His  Synochreati  contains 
A.  reptans  which  is  related  to  A.  strigulosus  and  has  connate  stipules 
and  light-colored  flowers  and  papery  pods.  His  Bucerates  contains  no 
North  American  species,  but  A.  hamosus  is  like  many  of  our  Hamosi. 
The  group  character  is  curved  pods,  free  stipules,  cream-colored 
flowers,  and  annual  plants,  but  our  flowers  are  as  often  purple  as  not, 
stipules  often  united,  and  roots  often  perennial. 

His  Purpurascentes  Class  has  A.  Nuttallianus  in  the  Annulares  and 
its  character  is  annual  roots,  free  stipules  curved  pods,  variable 
flowers  but  supposed  to  be  purple.    The  pods  of  Nuttallianus  are  often 


almost  straight  but  the  general  characters  of  its  group  are  not  given 
His  Vesicarii  contains  no  North  American  species.  The  chief  character 
is  inflated  calyx.  Our  A.  oocalycis  could  be  placed  there.  His  Sesamei 
contains  no  North  American  species.  His  Onobrychoidei  contains 
such  wholly  diverse  species  as  A.  caryocarpus  (crassicarpus),  Miss- 
ouriensis,  Labradoricus,  adsurgens  (nitidus),  which  belong  to  at  least 
three  distinct  groups.  His  Dissitiflori  contains  only  A.  gracilis.  His 
Hypoglottidei  contains  A.  bidentatus  and  Hypoglottis  (agrestis)  which 
species  are  not  at  all  related. 

From  this  it  is  evident  that  no  conception  of  North  American 
relationship  in  the  genus  was  in  the  mind  of  DeCandolle. 

Phaca  was  kept  up  by  him  to  contain  such  diverse  species  as 
A.  alpinus,  triflorus,  villosus,  caespitosus,  mollis,  the  Inflati,  andinus, 
etc. 

The  only  other  serious  attempt  at  classification  worthy  of  mention 
is  that  of  Torrey  and  Gray  in  their  Flora  of  North  America,  but  they 
only  copied  DeCandolle.    Hooker  in  his  Flora  did  the  same. 

GRAY'S   REVISION. 

Dr.  Asa  Gray  in  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  1864  made  the  first  real 
attempt  at  proper  classification  of  the  genus  as  to  North  America. 
Tn  1871  Watson,  profiting  by  a  year's  field  work  in  the  West,  ampli- 
fied it  somewhat  and  corrected  some  details  but  for  the  most  part 
followed  Gray.  This  was  also  the  first  attempt  to  group  the  species 
n-enetically  starting  according  to  Gray's  universal  rule  from  the  most 
developed  and  going  to  the  least  altered  species. 

Gray's  system  was  bised  on  the  fundamental  idea  of  one  and 
two-celled  pods  as  separating  the  two  ser'es  Astragalus  proper  anrl 
Phaca.  Astrrr^lns  was  the  more  developed  because  of  being  2-celled 
and  was  based  on  the  greater  intrusion  of  the  dorsal  suture  if  the 
nods  were  not  fully  2-celled.  Phaca  was  unfortunately  based  on  the 
s  itures  being  not  at  all  intruded  or  the  ventral  the  more  produced, 
■'^ad  he  made  three  series,  one  to  co-^  +  '^in  Astragalus  proper,  the  other 
Phaca  as  defined  by  Linnaeus  in  his  -^recies  of  the  Sp.  PI.  and  rep- 
r-^sented  by  A.  alpinus  (Phaca  alpina)  to  contain  those  with  the 
ventral  sut'ire  the  most  intruded,  and  the  third  series  which  we  may 
call  Homalobus  with  nerve-like  sutures  not  at  all  intruded  he  wouM 
have  had  a  set  of  series  which  could  not  be  improved  upon,  but  I  do 
not  think  anything  is  gained  by  attempting  to  separate  the  genus 
into    three    series. 

Under  Astragalus  proper  we  find  him  making  16  sections.  His 
supposedly  most  developed  species  were  the  Sarcocarpi  because  of  the 
fleshy  and  fully  2-celled  pods.  His  emphases  of  the  2-celled  feature 
prevented  him  from  seeing  that  this  group  is  manifestly  close  to  the 
Argophylli  which  he  puts  last  in  his  series  and  some  of  whose  species 
he  put  in  Phaca  (A.  inflexus.  Purshii  and  Utahensis').  In  addition 
this  group  is  not  as  highly  developed  as  the  Didymocarpi  and  Micranthi 
which  he  places  below  it. 

TTis  next  groun  is  the  Diphysi  containing  A.  lentiginosus  which  is 
far  removed  from  the  rest  of  the  Inflati  to  which  it  is  related  but  which 
nevertheless  connects  the  Inflati  with  the  Sarcocarpi. 

His  third  group  is  the  Chaetodontes  containing  Spaldingii  and 
Lyallii  but  he  seems  to  have  failed  to  have  recognized  its  close  re- 
lationship to  the  Didymocarpi,  Micranthi  and  Reflexi  which  are  the 
most  developed  groups  in  the  genus.  To  this  we  now  add  A. 
Brauntoni. 

His  fourth  section  is  the  Mollissimi  which  is  wholly  out  of  place, 
being  next  to   'be  Argophylli. 

His  fifth  section  is  the  Uliginosi,  the  Ciceroidei  of  DeCandolle. 
a  well  defined  group  containing  A.  Canadensis  and  Mortoni,  and  should 


10 

have  had  also  A.  Oreganus,  terraiiialis,  and  A.  Cooperi  (neglectus) 
which  later  he  curiously  places  in  Phaca.  The  allied  species  A. 
arrectus,  conjunctus,  etc.  had  not  then  been  discovered.  This  group 
is  evidently  allied  to  the  Sarcocarpi. 

His  sixth  section  is  Onobrychoides,  the  Onobrychoidei  of  DeCan- 
dolle.  It  contains  A.  adsurgens  (nitidus)  and  Hypoglottis  (agrestis) 
two  very  distinct  and  little  related  species  but  which  are  closer  to- 
gether than  to  any  other  group,  and  which  are  probably  nearer  to 
the  Chaetodontes. 

His  seventh  section  should  have  been  his  first,  the  Reflexi  and 
should  not  have  been  separated  from  the  Didymocarpi  to  which  its 
single  species  A.  reflexus  belongs  along  with  A.  Brazoensis. 

The  eighth  section  is  the  Didymocarpi,  and  ninth  the  IVIicranthi 
showing  that  Gray  had  probably  worked  out  the  relationship  of  these 
plants. 

The  tenth  section  (and  following  sections)  takes  up  another 
wholly  different  set  of  species,  of  lower  development  for  the  most  part. 

Section  eleven  is  the  Succumbentes,  with  the  one  species  A.  sue 
cumbens,  a  class  by  itself.  This  may  have  some  relationship  with  the 
Galegiformes  which  he  places  next  but  I  think  is  much  nearer  the 
Malaci. 

Next  comes  the  Galegiformes  two  species  which  seem  so  radically 
distinct  and  yet  cannot  be  separated  or  placed  raiywhere  else  to 
better  advantage,  A.  Drummondii  and  racemosus.  To  this  we  now  add 
A.  scopulorum.  This  group  is  well  placed  next  to  the  Ocreati,  b.it 
Gray  should  have  placed  it  in  Phaca.  The  Galegiformes  contniiis 
also  A.  cyrtoides  (A.  Gibbsii),  Gray  guessing  from  the  flowers  that 
it  might  belong  here,  but  the  guess  was  a  poor  one  as  it  belongs 
elsewhere. 

The  Ocreati,  section  eleven,  contains  three  very  diverse  species. 
A.  flavus  is  wholly  1-celled,  as  are  the  other  species  we  now  add  to 
it.  So  is  A.  humistratus  which  belongs  elsewhere.  The  other  species 
A.  Oreganus  belongs  with  A.  Canadensis.  This  group  is  very  closely 
allied  to  the  Bisulcati  which  Gray  places  rightly  in  the  Phaca  series. 
This  group  should  also  have  contained  A.  gracilis  and  microlobas 
which  he  puts  in  section  13  and  calls  the  Microlobi. 

The  next  section  the  Oroboidei  is  a  hodge-podge  of  species,  a 
catchall,  and  shows  haste  and  little  study.  The  first  group  in  this 
section  containing  A.  aboriginum,  Robbinsii,  oroboides  (elegans)  and 
alpinus  (andinus)  belongs  to  his  Inflati  under  Phaca  and  forms  a  part 
of  my  Alpini,  but  Gray  had  to  put  them  here  because  of  the  intrusion 
of  the  dorsal  suture,  which  however  is  rot  as  great  as  that  of  the 
ventral.  A.  tener  he  also  places  here,  hvt  it  belongs  among  the  Lep- 
tocarpi.  In  another  group  in  this  section  he  puts  A.  Lindheimeri 
and  distortus  which  belong  with  the  Leptocarpi  and  Hamosi  in  si)ite 
of  the  septum  of  distortus  being  slight.  He  places  here  A.  obcordatus 
which  belongs  with  A.  sparsiflorus,  and  A.  glaber  which  belongs  with 
the  group  Hamosi. 

The  next  class  the  fifteenth  is  the  Lotiflori  containing  lotiflorus 
and  villosus,  two  quite  diverse  species  which  have  some  similarity 
in  flowers  only.  I  think  A.  villosus  is  nearer  the  Sparsifiori  to  which  I 
refer  A.  obcordatus  and  distortus,  while  A.  lotiflorus  which  is  both 
an  Astragalus  and  Phaca  according  to  the  intrusion  or  absence  of 
intrusion  of  dorsal  suture  belongs  in  a  group  with  A.  circumdatus, 
procumbens  (accumbens)  and  Mohavensis,  species  not  known  then. 
Both  these  groups  are  related  to  the  Inflati.  Doubtless  Gray 
placed  these  two  species  together  because  they  could  not  be  placed 
elsewhere  and  had  a  distant  relationship. 

The  last  class  of  Astragalus  proper,  the  sixteenth,  is  the  Argo- 
phylli.  This  group  Gray  was  also  led  to  confuse  by  too  much  emphasis 
on  the  intrusion  of  the  dorsal  suture,  and  by  too  little  knowledge  of 


11 

the  species.  A.  pubentissimus  was  an  obscure  plant  in  his  day  and 
remained  so  till  I  studied  it  in  the  field  and  collected  abundant 
material  of  it  many  years  later.  We  now  know  that  it  belongs 
with  the  Inflati,  his  Inflati,  and  not  at  all  with  the  Argophylli.  He 
also  placed  A.  Arthu-Schottii  here,  but  we  now  know  that  this  is 
only  a  variety  of  A.  lentiginosus  and  also  belongs  with  the  Inflati. 
The  rest  of  his  Argophylli  form  a  well  defined  group  which  must 
be  recognized  but  must  be  extended  to  contain  some  of  his  Phaca 
group,  and  whose  relationship  to  his  Argophylli  he  clearly  saw  as 
is  shown  by  their  position  next  to  the  Argophylli.  The  Argophylli 
then  should  contain  not  only  the  original  species  A.  Missouriensis, 
ohortianus,  Parryi  and  glareosus  (erroneously  supposed  by  Gray 
to  be  A.  argophyllus)  but  also  his  Phaca  species  A.  inflexus,  the 
true  glareosus,  Purshii  and  Utahensis.  Very  close  to  this  group, 
as  we  have  stated  before,  is  the  Mollissimi,  and  various  species  discover- 
ed   since    Gray's    time. 

Taking  up  series  2,  PHACA,  we  find  it  subdivided  into  11  groups. 

The  first  group  the  Eriocarpi  does  not  belong  in  Phaca  at  all 
as  I  have  stated,  but  belongs  in  Argophylli. 

The  second  group  (Section  18)  the  Oocarpi  contains  A.  Cooperi 
(neglectus)  and  oocarpus,  two  quite  diverse  species.  The  first  be- 
longs with  A.  Canadensis  as  I  have  stated  and  is  an  Astragalus, 
and  the  second  belongs  in  the  Inflati.  A.  Preussii  he  places  in  the 
Scytocarpi  and  which  group  is  next  of  kin  to  the  Scytocarpi  on  the 
one   hand   and   the   Inflati   on   the   other. 

The  third  group  (section  19)  is  the  Inflati,  a  well  defined  group 
but  contains  A.  frigidus  (alpinus)  which  as  I  have  shown  belongs  in 
his  Astragalus  along  with  A.  aboriginum-  in  a  group  which  I  have 
named    the    Alpini. 

The  fourth  group  (Section  20)  is  the  Lonchocarpi  with  one  species 
A.  lonchocarpus  which  is  an  Astragalus  and  not  a  Phaca,  having  the 
ventral  suture  not  at  ?11  produced  and  belongs  next  to  the  Galegiformes. 

His  fifth  group  Section  21)  is  the  Microcystei,  all  of  whose 
species  belong  in  the  Inflati. 

The  sixth  group  is  the  Bisulcati  to  which  he  refers  A.  Beck- 
withii  and  bisulcatus,  two  species  not  at  all  related.  He  might  much 
better  have  referred  A.  Beckwithii  to  the  Sclerocarpi  which  ?t 
resembles  in  many  ways,  but  extensive  field  work  has  shown  that  it 
is  closest  related  to  A.  oophorus  Avhich  belongs  to  the  Inflati  of  Gray 
but  connecting  with  the  Preussii.  A.  bisulcatus  is  so  closely  related 
to   the  Ocreati   that   it  hardly  deserves  a  separate   grouping.   . 

His  seventh  (Section  23;  group  is  the  Pectinati  containing  A. 
pectinatus  only,  but  which  I  think  is  better  placed  among  the  Podo- 
sclerocarpi. 

His  eigth  group  is  the  Scytocarpi,  another  botanical  catchall 
of  no  merit.  Its  species  are  nine.  A.  Preussii  belongs  with  the 
Preussii,  A.  Chamaeleuce  (pygmaeus)  with  the  Argophylli  as  also  does 
A.  tephrodes.  A.  aridus  belongs  in  his  Inflati.  A.  Sonorae  belongs 
with  the  Homalobi.  A.  gracilentus,  Hallii,  Fendleri,  and  flexuosus 
belong  together  in  p  group  I  have  called  the  Flexuosi,  and  which 
ranks  lowest  in  th°  g'-nus  along  with  the  Homalobi. 

His  ninth  group  (Section  25)  is  the  Podo-scierocarpi  containirT 
A.  sclerocarpus  and  speirocarpus,  which  I  think  belong  in  separat-^ 
groups,  A.  sclerocarpus  represents  a  well  developed  group  of  desert 
plants  containing  his  Pectinati,  Watson's  Pterocarpi,  and  several 
other  species.  A.  speirocarpus  belongs  with  A.  collinus  and  Gibbsii. 
Tweedyi,  _  Alvordensis,  and  porrectus  in  a  separate  group  which  T 
have  called  the  Collini  and  which  is  nearest  related  to  the  Flexuosi 
on   the  one   hand   and   the   Podo-sclerocarpi   on   the  other. 

His  tenth  group  (Section  2G)  is  the  Homalobi  which  he  pretty 
clearly  defines,  though  I  would  place  A.  collinus  in  a  separaie  group. 


12 

As  I  have  already  stated  I  think  the  Homalobi  should  form  the  third 
Series.  It  is  the  lowest  group  in  the  genus  and  next  of  kin  to 
Hosackia,  Lathyrus  and  Vicia. 

His  last  group  (Section  27)  is  the  Triphylli,  related  to  the 
Homalobi  but  higher  than  it,  containing  A.  triphyllus  and  aer- 
icoleucus.  I  think  it  is  an  error  to  place  the  latter  species  with  it 
for  it  belongs  with  the  Homalobi  along  with  A.  simplicifolius. 

Gray  makes  a  third  Series  containing  A.  nothoxys,  an  oxytro- 
pidoid  form  which  I  think  belongs  better  with  the  Leptocarpi.  He 
evidently  had  not  as  yet  worked  out  the  other  oxytropidoid  species 
A.    Arizonicus   and    calycosus   which   I    place   among   the   Hamosi. 

WATSON'S    REVISION. 

Thp  next  attempt  at  revising  the  genus  is  that  of  Watson  in 
the  Appendix  of  King's  Report.  His  is  an  amplification  of  Gray's 
work  as   stated   at  its   beginning. 

He  corrects  some  of  Gray's  errors,  and  makes  a  few  of  his 
own,  but  in  the  main  it  is  an  admirable  revision  of  this  excellent 
work.  It  is  easy  enough  to  criticise  the  work  of  earlier  botanists 
who  had  little  or  no  field  experience  and  scanty  and  poor  materinl, 
but  very  few  of  us  would  have  done  as  well. 

He  puts  A.  Coulteri  (Arthu-schottii)  where  it  belongs,  with  the 
Diphysi  (Inflati)  and  also  puts  A.  platytropis  with  it  where  it  does  not 
belong.     He  keeps  all  of  Gray's  sections  in  Gray's  order. 

He  adds  A.  calycosus  to  the  Chaetodontes,  a  natural  error,  bat 
it  belongs  far  removed  in  the  Hamosi  accordin.2  to  Gray's  ordsr 
but  in   fact  not  so  far  removed   in  relationship. 

He  puts  A.  Arizonicus  with  the  LeiJtor-rpi  where  it  does  not 
belong  but  keeps  them  in  the  Micranthi.  To  this  group  he  adds  a 
subsection  of  "anomalous  species"  containing  A.  Andersoni,  malacus, 
Bolanderi,  arrectus,  atratus.  obscurus  and  tener,  another  hodge-podge. 
A.  malacus  belongs  near  the  Argophylli,  A.  Andersoni  with  the  Hamosi. 
A.  Bclanderi  and  arrectus  with  the  Reventi-arrecti,  A.  atratus  and 
obscurus  with  the  Atrati.  A.  tener  with  the  Leptocarpi. 

He  keeps  A.  humistratus  among  the  Ocreati  to  which  it  is  related 
but  belongs  better  with  the  Homalobi. 

He  keeps  the  Alpini  and  Sparsiflori  together  under  Oroboidei 
and  adds  A.  Breweri  which  belongs  with  the  Didymocarpi;  and  A. 
Lindheimeri,  distortus  rrd  ?rbber  he  puts  here  though  better  placed 
among  the  Leptocarpi  and   Hamcsi. 

He  adds  the  section  Pterocarpi  which  is  better  placed  among 
the  Podo-sclerocarpi. 

He  transfers  A.  Beckwithii  from  the  Bisulcati  to  the  Argophylli 
which  is  also  an  error.     He  makes  no  improvement  on  the  Argophylli. 

He  adds  A.  nudus  (Serenoi)  to  the  Pectinati,  wisely,  but  does 
not  add  that  to  the  Podo-sclerocarpi  where  it  belongs. 

There  is  no  improvement  on  the  Scytocarpi.  He  puts  A.  pych- 
nostachyus  here  when  it  belongs  along  with  A.  Palmeri  among  the 
Inflati  near  A.  Hornii. 

He  puts  A.  cyrtoides  (Gibbsii)  in  the  Podo-sclerocarpi,  but  it 
is  better  placed  next  to  A.  coUinus  in  the  Collini. 

He  puts  A.  porrectus  among  the  Homalobi,  a  natural  error,  but 
I  think  is  better  placed  in  the  Collini.  He  puts  A.  Palmeri  in  the 
Homalobi,   but   it   is   better   placed    among   the   Inflati. 

The  revision  of  the  genus  in  the  Pflanzen-familien  is  simply 
a  copy  of  the  work  of  Gray  and  Watson. 


13 


SHELDON'S    PRELIMINARY    LIST. 

This  list  which  never  should  have  been  printed  was  published 
to  get  the  credit  for  many  new  names  made  necessary  by  the 
Brittonian  Code  which  he  followed,  and  withont  the  exhaustive  study 
that  a  revision  would  entail.  There  was  no  original  work  worth 
mention  in  it.  here  and  there  divisions  indicated  by  Watson  were 
created,   and   here   and   there   changes   made,    which   I    will    mention. 

The  anomalous  species,  oxytropidoid,  he  calls  Section  I  Spies- 
ioides  and  puts  A.  acutirostris  and  nothoxys  in  it,  while  they  belong 
to  separate  sections. 

Homalobus  still  contains  A.  collinus  and  porrectus  which  belong 
in  the  Collini,  A.  miser  which  belongs  in  the  Inflati  of  Gray,  A. 
debilis  (Bodini)  which  belongs  in  the  Debiles  and  close  to  the  Alpini 
which  Gray  would  have  placed  in  Phaca  probably. 

A.  speirocarpus  is  still  kept  in  the  Podo-sclerocarpi. 

A.  griseopubens  (campestris)  is  put  in  a  new  section  "Famelicus", 
a  botanical  hodge-podge,  instead  of  in  the  Homalobi  where  it 
belongs,  A.  scalaris  is  put  here  while  it  belongs  with  the  Inflati. 
A.  debilis  is  put  here  while  it  belongs  with  the  Debiles.  A.  sabulosus, 
limatus,  praelongus  (Pattersoni)  are  put  here  while  they  belong  with 
the  Preussii.  A.  reventus  is  put  here  while  it  belongs  in  the  Reventi- 
arrecti.  It  also  contains  A.  flexuosus,  Hallii.  gracilentus,  etc.  It 
contains  A.  aridus  which  belongs  with  the  Inflati.  A.  Sonorae 
(humistratus)  is  here  but  belongs  with  the  Homalobi.  A.  pych- 
nostachyus  is  here  but  belongs  in  the  Inflati.  A.  troglodytus  is  here 
but  I  would  have  placed  it  in  the  Ocreati.  A.  Virgineus  (sabulonum) 
is  here  but  belongs  in  the  Inflati.  A.  castanaeformis  is  here  but 
belongs  in  the  Argophylli,  so  also  tephrodes,  Newberryi  and  Cham- 
aeleuce.    A.  Eastwoodae  (Preussii)  is  bere  but  belongs  in  the  Preussii. 

He  renames  the  Lonchocarpi  as  Clavocarpus. 

He  puts  A.  desperatus  in  the  Inflati,  but  it  is  better  in  the  Argo- 
phylli. He  puts  A.  ampullarius  here,  b  U  it  belons;s  in  the  Preussii. 
He  puts  A.  oocarpus  here  but  it  belongs  in  the  Inflati. 

He  makes  a  new  section  Araneocarpus  and  puts  A.  neglectus 
in  it  instead  of  in  the  Uliginosi  where  it  belongs.  He  puts  A.  Texanus 
(giganteus)  here  when  it  belongs  in  the  Mollissimi 

He  makes  another  new  section  Lanocarpus  to  hold  the  Purshii 
group  which  belongs  in  the  Argophylli.  All  the  above  he  puts  in 
the  general  Series  Phaca. 

His  Euastragalus,  corresponding  to  Astragalus  proper  of  Gray 
he  divides  up  variously.  His  first  section  being  Sericophyllus  con- 
taining another  hodge-podge  of  species.  A.  glareosus,  pephragmenus, 
Parryi,  amphioxys,  Shortianus,  Missouriensis,  cibarius  belongs'  in 
the  Argophylli.  A.  triquetrus  belongs  in  the  Inflati  as  does  also 
A.  pubentissimus,  Mokiacensis,  etc..  A.  Casei  belongs  in  the 
Podo-sclerocarpi.  A.  Reverchoni  belongs  iH  the  Lotiflori.  A.  Gilensis 
belongs    in    the    Homalobi.      A.    Beckwithii    belongs    in    the    Preussii. 

He   renames   Watson's   Pterocarpi    as    Scuticarpl. 

He  still  keeps  A.  villosus  in  the  Lotiflori. 

He  still  more  befuddles  the  Oroboidei.  He  puts  A.  glaber  anl 
distortus  (Englemanni)  here,  when  they  belong  elsewhere.  A.  palans 
is  put  here  when  it  belongs  in  the  Inflati.  A.  obcordatus  is  put  here 
but  belongs  in  the  Sparsiflori.  A.  Sileranus  is  put  here  but  belongs 
in  the  Flexuosi.  A.  Lindheimeri  is  put  here  but  belongs  in  the  Lept- 
ocarpi.  He  puts  A.  lentiformis  and  Lemmoni  here  when  they  belona: 
in  the  Micranthi.  He  puts  A.  Breweri  here  when  it  belongs  in  the 
Didymocarpi.  He  puts  A.  Ibapensis  here  when  It  belongs  in  the 
Atrati.     He  puts  A.  Dodgeanus  here  when  it  belongs  in  the  Homalobi. 


H 

He   puts   A.   sparsiflorus   here   when   it   belongs   in   the   Sparsiflori. 

He  renames  Gray's  Section  Microlobi  and  calls  it  Rugocarpus. 
belongs   in   the   Lotiflori    along   with   Mohavensis.      He    puts   A   humi- 

In  the  Ocreati  he  puts  A.  accumbens  (procumbens)  when  it 
stratus  here  when  it  is  better  placed  in  the  Homalobi. 

The  Galegiformes  he  renames  but  puts  A.  atropubescens  in  it 
vhfn  it  belones  in  the  Reventi-arrecti.  He  puts  A.  Howelli  and 
•-■'isellus  here  when  they  belong  in  the  Hamosi. 

He  makes  a  new  section  for  A.  asclepiadoides  and  calls  it 
'^sclepiadodps.  ignoring  the  fact  that  I  had  previously  suggested 
the  name  Pachyphyllus  for  the  section,  but  the  species  is  better 
placed   in   the   Preussii. 

He  creates  a  new  section  and  calls  it  Eremiticus.  This  :s 
another  hodge-podse  of  species.  It  contains  A.  diphacus  which  be- 
longs in  the  Didymocarpi.  A,  terer  which  belongs  in  the  Leptocarpi. 
A.  obscurus  which  belongs  in  the  Atrati.  A.  Panamintensis  also  be- 
lonsrs  in  the  Atr-iti.  A.  recurvus  belongs  in  the  Strigulosui.  A. 
'^achypus  which  belongs  in  the  Sclerocarpi.  A.  sylvaticus  which 
l)elongs  in  the  Hamosi.  A.  tricarinatus  which  belongs  in  the  Hamosi 
A.  arrectus  which  belorigs  in  the  Reventi-arrecti.  A.  Brandegei 
which  belongs  in  the  Strignlosi.  A.  drppanolobus  which  goes  in  the 
Hamosi.  A.  Bolanderi  which  belongs  in  the  Reventi-arrecti.  A. 
malacns  which  goes  in  the  Malaci.  A.  Andersoni,  Congdoni  and 
"^rcuttianus  which  go  in  the  Hamosi.  A.  Rusbyi  which  belongs  in 
the  Strigiilosi.  A.  Arizonicus  which  belongs  in  the  Hamosi.  A. 
lp"tnrarpus.  streptopus  (ncutirostis),  Nuttallianus,  Wrightii  all  of  which 
belong  in  the  Leptocarri.  A.  albens  which  goes  in  the  Hamosi.  A. 
D^'ene  fvaccarum)  whVh  g^es  in  the  Micranthi.  •'<.  Cobrensis 
whJch  gre^.  witb  th<^  Ftrig'iiosi.  A.  hypoxylus,  Pringlei,  Hartwegi 
and  vaccarum  which  belong  in  the  Micranthi. 

He  again  creates  a  nevr  name  for  an  old  section,  the  Didymo- 
carpi,  calling   it    Dispermus. 

Under  the  Hypoglottidei  which  he  renames  Hvpoglottidens  he 
'^iits  A.  ventorum  (Oreganus)  and  terminalis  which  belong  in  the 
Uliginosi. 

Under  the  Uliginosi  he  puts  A.  ervoides  which  neither  he  nor 
pi-vone  el<=o  knows  anything  -''-^--t.  He  also  places  A.  accidens  hero 
which  beloners  in  the  Reventi-rrrecti. 

Under  the  Mollissimi  he  puts  A.  I.,ayneae  which  belongs  with 
the  Malaci. 

TTnder  the  Chaetodontes  he  follows  Watson  in  keeping  A.  calyco- 
sus  there  but  which  belongs  in  the  Hamosi,  and  which  he  would  have 
n'aced  in  his  Sniesiodes,  if  he  had  known  anything  about  the  species 
along  with  A.  Arizonicus. 

Under  the  Lentiginosi  he  puts  A.  Bajaensis  (Hornii)  which  be- 
longs in   the  Inflati. 

He  again  makes  a  new  name  for  an  old  section  the  Sarcocarpi 
by  calling  it  Carnosocarpus. 

At  the  end  he  has  27  unplaced  species. 

The  list  shows  no  conception  of  genetic  relationship  other  than 
that  indicated  by  his  predecessors,  and  a  continual  blundering  in 
the  placing  of  new  species,  as  well  as  a  disregard  for  priority  in  the 
naming  of  sections,  which  is  wholly  unexcusable. 

GENERIC   SEGREGATION. 

The  conception  of  Astragalus  as  a  genus  began  with  Tourne- 
fort  if  not  earlier.  Since  his  time  some  sixty  genera  have  been 
proposed  as  segregates  from  it.  Tournefort  himself  separated  Phaca 
under  the  name  of  Astragaloides,  and  Linnaeus  in  Linn  Corolli.  Gen. 


15 

changed  it  to  Phaca.  Medic  proposed  several  segregations  in  1787. 
(Jlandula,  Glottis,  Hamosa,  Onix,  Stella,  Tium  and  Triquetra  Aragallus 
and  Spiesia  were  proposed  by  Necker  in  1790  but  without  description  of 
species.  Steudel  proposed  Aragus  for  the  Aragallus  of  Necker  in  1840, 
and  Thium  in  1821.  Steven  in  1832  proposed  Ammodytes,  chondrocar- 
pus,  Cymbicarpus,  Euprepia,  Glyclphylla,  Picraena,  Proselias,  Psychri- 
dium,  Rysodium.  In  1856  he  again  continued  the  dislntregration  by 
proposing  Ailurischia,  Alopecias,  Ankylobus,  Craccina,  Cystium,  Euilus 
Feidanthus,  Hedyphylla,  Macrosema,  Myobroma,  Pedina,  Philammos, 
Solenotus.  Torrey  and  Gray  published  Nuttall's  Kentrophyta  in  1840 
;r!so  Homalobus  Nutt.  Walpers  put  out  Aurosema  in  1842.  Boissier  pro- 
posed Europhaca  about  1840^  Opiz  proposed  Kirchnera  in  1858,  also 
i^iedyphylla.  Royle  i  roposed  Podolanthus  in  1835.  Kegel  &  Smalh.  Pro- 
posed Didymopelta,  Sewerzowia,  and  Dipelta  in  1877.  Diplotheca  was 
proposed  by  Hochst  in  1846.  Hamaria  was  proposed  by  Fourrnier  In 
1868  and  also  Hypoglottis  and  Podoclirea.  Rafinesque  also  earned  a 
place  in  the  segregators  by  Physondra  in  1832.  Rydberg  seems  to  have 
tailed  to  note  that  this  genus  antedates  Homalobus  by  eight  years. 
So  we  shall  see  a  new  batch  of  synonyms  in  due  time. 

Recently  Rydberg  harking  back  to  the  ancient  times  has  resur- 
rected the  old  genera  and  methods  of  8egroa;ati'n  s  i  Ions  dead  throa^rh 
the  good  work  of  Gray  and  Bentham  &  Hooker  and  the  Pflanzenfa- 
milien.  Gray  demonstrated  conclusively  the  folly  of  attempting  to 
segregate  the  species  of  Astragalus  in  different  genera,  and  he  has  been 
almost  universally  followed  both  in  this  country  and  abroad.  He  saw 
the  folly  of  keeping  up  the  form  genera  Kentrophyta  and  Homalobus 
as  well  as  Phaca  which  latter  had  persisted  longest.  He  stil  ad- 
hered to  Oxytropis  which  can  be  kept  up  only  on  the  flimsiest  grounds, 
that  of  an  abruptly  beaked  keel,  and  he  should  have  added  enlarged  and 
most  lobed  wings.  A  few  species  of  Astragalus  have  an  obscure  boss 
at  keel  tip,  and  even  a  rudiment  of  beak,  such  as  A.  acutirostri.^ 
and  nothoxys,  and  others  have  produced  keel  as  in  campestris,  atra- 
tus,  etc.  with  normal  wings,  and  A.  Arizonicus  with  lobed  or  en- 
larged wings,  and  A.  calycosus  with  conspicuously  lobed  wings  and 
blunt  keel.  But  it  seems  better  to  follow  Gray  in  still  keeping  up 
Oxytropis  than  to  merge  it  in  Astragalus,  for  its  species  as  a  rule 
have  a  general  habit  somewhat  different  from  Astragalus  if  we  ex- 
clude the  oxytropidoid  species,  but  with  them  in  the  genus  it  must 
be   merged. 

Britton  &  Brown  in  their  Flora  proposed  Orophaca  in  1897  for 
the  group  Triphylli  of  Gray,  without  recognizing  the  very  diverse 
character  of  its  members.  There  might  be  some  reason  in  keeping 
up  Orophaca  for  A.  triphyllus  alone  but  to  put  the  sericoleucus 
group  with  it  spoils  it,  as  these  plants  are  manifestly  modifications 
of   the   montanus    group. 

The  proposed  genera  of  Rydberg  are  mostly  the  product  of  his 
idea  that  no  genus  should  contain  more  than  six  species  whatever 
Nature  may  have  said  or  done  about  it,  which  is  rather  hard  on  the 
Almighty,  but  where  genera  and  species  are  governed  by  botanical 
inspiration  and  not  study  or  morphological  knowledge  this  state  of 
affairs  make   strange  bed   fellows. 

Taking  up  Rydberg's  genera  alphabetically  we  find  Atolophragma 
jiroposed  for  a  part  of  the  Alpini.  In  it  are  A.  aboriginum,  Forwoodii 
(aboriginum)  glabriusculus,  lineare  (aboriginum),  elegans,  Macounii 
(Labradoricus  var.),  Shearii  (elegans).  These  belong  together  but 
lie  also  includes  A.  Arthuri  which  belongs  in  the  Hamosi.  and  .\. 
T^randegei  which  belongs  in  the  Stri.gulosi.  and  A.  Ibapensis  which 
belongs  in  the  Atrati.  He  also  omits  from  the  genus  the  other  mem 
bers   of   the    Alpini. 

His  next  genus  is  Cnemidophacos,  which  contains  A.,  argillosus. 
confertiflorus,  flavus,  which  naturally  belong  together  (as  indicated 
by  Gray  under  the  Ocreati)  but  he  omits  A.  Moencoppensis  and  soph- 
oroides,  and  puts  in  it  A.  terminalis  (reventoides)  which  belongs  in 
the  Uliginosi.  and   A.   reventus  which   belongs   in   the   Reveuti-arrecti. 


16 

Uiholcos  is  his  next  genus  and  includes  A.  bisulcatus  and  Hav- 
c'enianus.  a  well  marked  group,  called  Bisulcati  by  Gray  which  like  all 
of  Rydberg's  other  segregations  was  first  recognized  by  Gray  or 
Watson.  As  I  have  indicated  this  is  rather  too  close  to  the  Ocreati 
for   good   separation. 

His  next  genus  is  Ctenophyllum  and  contains  A.  Grayi  and  pecti- 
natus  a  well  marked  group  but  too  close  for  separation  from  the 
rest  of  the  Podo-sclerocarpi,  and  already  grouped  by  Gray  under 
the  Pectinati. 

Cystium  Steven  is  his  next  genus  and  is  supposed  to  include 
Gray's  Diphysi.  It  follows  Gray  in  everything  even  to  including  A. 
platytropis  which  belongs  in  the  Atrati  or  near  there.  He  also 
adds  A.  Boiseanus  (arrectus  var.)  which  belongs  in  the  Reventi- 
arrecti. 

Geoprumnon  is  another  segregate  to  include  Gray's  Sarcocarpi,  a 
well  marked  group. 

Hamosus  is  another  genus  of  Medic  that  he  takes  up.  It  corres- 
ponds with  the  Leptocarpi  and  not  the  Hamosi  of  Medic.  It  contains 
A.  Nuttallianus,  leptocarpus.  Lindheimeri  which  form  a  good  group. 
But  he  also  puts  in  it  A.  calycusus  and  var,  which  belong  in  the  Ha- 
mosi proper.  And  he  puts  A.  atratus  here  also  which  belongs  in 
the  Atrati.  He  places  here  A.  atratiformis  (straturensis)  which 
belongs  in  the  Strigulosi. 

The  next  genus  in  order  is  not  of  Rydberg  but  Heller  and  id 
called  Hesperastragalus  and  includes  the  Didymocarpi  of  Gray  but 
neither  Heller  nor  Rydberg  sees  that  to  it  also  belong  Brazoensis, 
Breweri  and  reflexus. 

Jonesiella  is  another  Rydbergian  genus  to  include  the  remark- 
able A.  asclepiadoides  which  belongs  in  the  Preussii. 

Kentrophyta  Nutt.  is  kept  up  and  with  the  old  limitations,  but  it 
belongs  in  the  Homalobi. 

Microphacos  is  one  of  his  genera  to  include  the  Microlobi  of 
Gray,  but  is  better  placed  in  the  Flexuosi,  being  only  depauperate 
forms  of  this  group. 

Onix  of  Medic  is  taken  up  for  A.  Mulfordae,  but  this  belongs  in  the 
Hamosi. 

Homalobus  is  kept  up  and  is  a  general  hodge-podge  of  species. 
Without  naming  the  species  which  properly  belong  there  and  which 
he  puts  there  we  find  him  blindly  following  Gray.  A.  collinus  and 
curvicarpus  (Gibbsii)  are  here  but  belong  in  the  Collini.  A.  deb- 
ilis  belongs  in  the  Debiles.  A.  Fendleri  and  flexuosus  belong  in  the 
Flexuosi;  A.  grallator  in  the  Bisulcati;  A.  Hallii  in  the  Flexuosi;  A. 
macrocarpus  (lonchocarpns)  in  the  Lonchocarpi;  A.  miser  in  the 
Inflati;   A.  stenophyllus  in  the  Collini. 

The  Phaca  of  Linnaeus  is  another  wholly  unintelligible  mixup, 
ns  treated  by  Rydberg.  As  I  have  stated  Phaca  of  Linnaeus  belongs 
to  the  Alpini.  Rydberg  puts  A.  ampullarius  in  it,  but  it  belongs  to 
the  Preussii,  also  A.  artipes  which  is  in  the  same  group.  He  puts 
A.  artemisiarum  (Beckwithii)  here,  which  is  also  of  the  Preussi.  A. 
Bodini  (debilis)  he  places  here,  but  it  belongs  with  the  Inflati,  the 
same  is  true  of  A.  cerussatus  (triflorus),  Cusickii,  debilis,  humilli- 
mus,  jejunus,  leptaleus.  ineptus  (lentiginosus),  microcystis  (miser), 
sabulonum,  serpens,  subcinereus,  Wetherilli.  He  also  puts  A.  Preus- 
sii here  but  it  belongs  in  the  Preussii.  He  puts  A.  Reverchoni  (loti- 
florus)  here  but  it  belongs  in  the  Lotiflori.  He  puts  A.  sesquiflorus 
here  but  it  belongs  in  the  humistratus  branch  of  the  Homalobi. 

He  creates  the  genus  Phacopsis  to  include  A.  Pattersoni  and 
praelongus  (Pattersoni  var.)  and  adds  A.  scaphoides  (arrectus  var.) 
which  belongs  in  the  Reventi-arrecti.  The  first  two  species  belong  in 
the  Preussii. 

He  takes  up  Tium  Medic  and  makes  another  general  mixup.  A. 
alpinus  (andinus)  belongs  in  the  Alpini.  A.  arrectus.  atropubesceng 
(arectus),    eremiticus    (arrectus    var.)    belong   in   the    Reventi-arrecti. 


17 

A.  desperatus  belongs  in  the  Argophylli.  A.  Drummondii.  racemosus 
and  scopulorum  belong  in  the  Galegiformes.  A.  obcordatus  and  va- 
riegatus  (sparsiflorus)  belong  in  the  Sparsiflori.  A.  humistratus  be- 
longs in  the  Homalobi.  A.  distortus  belongs  in  the  Hamosi  probably. 
He  creates  Xylophacos  to  include  Gray's  Argophylli. 

PRESENT  REVISION. 

The  writer  began  his  work  on  the  revision  of  the  genus  in  189ij, 
a  year  after  the  appearance  of  Sheldon's  abortive  "Preliminary  List," 
in  the  belief  that  no  closet  botanist  could  ever  revise  the  genus  pro- 
perly, and  with  the  intention  to  work  out  the  genetic  relationship 
of  all  the  North  American  species  in  the  field.  I  had  already  spent 
sixteen  years  in  the  field  on  the  genus  along  with  other  flowerin? 
plants,   but   with   no   intention    to    revise   it. 

My  first  work  was  an  examination  of  all  the  types  in  this 
country  and  photographing  them,  which  was  the  first  work  of  that 
kind  in  this  country.  Then  some  years  were  spent  in  a  fruitless 
attempt  to  follow  Gray  and  Watson.  When  I  had  the  genus  about  half 
done  the  scheme  utterly  collapsed.  The  mass  of  genetic  and  ecologic- 
al information  accumulated  in  the  field  and  the  great  amount  of 
material  seen  which  embraced  all  to  be  found  in  all  the  leading  her- 
baria in  the  country,  and  the  study  of  nearly  every  species  in  the  field 
compelled  me  to  attempt  a  new  classification.  For  a  time  the  arch- 
ing of  the  ventral  suture  offered  much  encouragement,  but  this  also 
broke  down  with  a  very  few  species.  I  then  took  up  the  genus 
from  an  ecological  and  genetic  view-point,  making  much  of  geogra- 
phical proximity,  and  this  led  me  out  where  I  believe  the  genetic 
relationship  of  all  the  species  is  no  longer  guess-work  but  an  estab- 
lished fact.  These  studies  showed  that  the  intrusion  of  the  sutures 
though  valuable  on  the  whole  must  not  be  relied  on,  nor  the  thick- 
ness of  the  walls  of  the  pods,  nor  the  inflation.  The  differentiation 
of  the  genus  has  gone  along  on  other  lines. 

The  genus  originated  in  the  Temperate  life  zone  in  its  colder 
regions  as  is  shown  by  the  most  primitive  species  the  Homalobi,  of 
which    very    few    are    found    in    hot    regions    and    all    are    perennials. 

I  have  tried  to  retain  the  old  sectional  names  wherever  this  does 
not  cause  confusion.  The  new  sectional  names  are  taken  from  the 
leading  species  in  the  group.  In  subdivisions  of  sections,  wherever 
groups  are  well  defined  I  have  named  them  in  the  same  way. 

That  Astragalus  is  closest  related  to  Oxytropis.  Crotalaria  and 
Colutea  is  evident,  but  the  Homalobi  remind  one  much  of  Hosackia 
pnd  Lathyrus,  the  pods  splitting  and  curling  in  the  same  way  in 
several   species. 

I  take  the  Homalobi  to  represent  the  lowest  forms  and  A.  cam- 
restris  the  lowest  species.  From  this  an  early  offshoot  is  the 
Triphylli  presaged  by  the  caespitose  species  A.  simplicifolius  and 
carried  much  farther  in  A.  montanus.  These  are  Plains  adaptations. 
The  Lotiflori  represents  another  digression  toward  the  inflated  forms 
represented  in  the  lowest  group  the  Debiles  also  an  earlier  offshoot 
of  the  Homalobi  and  which  reached  considerable  alteration  in  the 
Inflati  of  the  arid  and  variably  alkaline  and  hot  deserts,  and  in 
the  Sparsiflori  of  the  more  moist  and  sweet-soiled  mountains  whicli 
group  also  passes  into  the  Alpini  of  the  high  and  Arctic  regions.  It 
should  be  noticed  that  regions  with  deen  snow  produce  thin-walled 
))ods.  Regions  with  little  or  no  snow  and  with  a  tendency  to  alkali 
and  a  warm  climate  favor  differentiation  into  thin-walled  and  in- 
flated pods  in  offshoots  of  the  Debiles. 

The  Homalobi  again  branch  into  the  CoHini  which  represents  one 
of  the  two  great  lines  of  differentiation.  The  Collini  branch  into  the 
Podo-sclerocarpi    of    the    Columbia    Basin    and    northern    Great    Basin 


19 

legions,  in  rather  alkaline  deserts  and  the  Reventi-arrecti  which 
aave  considerable  dilferentiation  in  the  same  regions  but  spread  to 
the  north  farther  east.  This  last  group  amplifies  into  the  Uliginosi 
a  cosmopolitan  group  of  plains,  prairies  and  open  woods  in  temper- 
ate regions.  .  This  division  on  growing  in  cold  meadows  and  dry 
valleys  passes  into  the  Hypoglottides,  and  this  again  divides  into  the 
Chaetodontes  under  the  altered  climatic  conditions  of  the  Columbia 
drainage.  But  it  should  be  noted  that,  all  three  groups  grow  in  the 
same  region  in  the  west,  but  each  under  its  own  peculiar  ecological 
conditions.  Another  offshoot  of  the  Homalobi,  close  to  the  Flexuosi 
is  the  Atrati  of  the  interior  juniper  mesas,  which  branches  into  the 
Strigulosi  which  belong  mostly  to  the  cool  meadows  and  mesas  and 
pine  forests  of  Mexico. 

The  second  main  branch  of  the  Homalobi  is  the  Flexuosi  which, 
in  the  colder  regions  of  the  north  in  sweet  soil  branches  into  the 
Argophylli,  a  group  growing  on  dry  benches  and  plains  where  there  is 
some  winter  snow.  It  shows  pome  differentiation  into  the  Malaci 
which  also  are  replaced  by  Sarcocarpi  of  cold  plains,  and  the  Mollis- 
simi  which  extend  beyond  the  limits  of  snow  on  plains  to  central 
Mexico,  but  in  relatively  cool  regions.  The  Argophylli  have  some 
species  that  have  secured  some  alkali  tolerance,  such  as  the  species 
of  the  Navajo  Basin.  In  the  alkaline  deserts  and  in  clayey  regions 
where  the  soil  is  very  poor  the  Flexuosi  pass  gradually  into  forms 
with  conspicuously  inflated  pods  with  rather  thick  walls,  and  the 
Ocreati  and  Bisulcati  without  inflation  but  with  much  alteration  of 
walls  by  corrugations  and  sulcation  at  sutures  and  intrusion  of  the 
dorsal  suture.  The  Bisulcati  branch  into  the  Galegiformes,  and  these 
f^gain  early  give  off  the  Lonchocarpi.  The  Flexuosi  pass  into  the 
Hamosi  which  branch  into  the  Leptocarpi,  and  these  into  the  Micran- 
thi,  and  the  latter  pass  into  the  Didymocarpi  the  highest  developed 
species.  This  whole  line  of  the  Flexuosi  is  for  the  most  part  a  line  of 
warm  and  variably  desert  regions.  A  very  few  species  grow  in  mo- 
derately cool  regions  such  as  bisulcatus,  Drummondii,  and  some  Ha- 
racsi,  but  they  are  for  the  most  part  the  result  of  long  inhabitance  of 
hot  regions  of  the  south  and  subject  to  the  greatest  influence  of 
diverse    ecological    conditions. 

In  the  system  which  I  have  used  it  has  been  my  object  to  get 
related  species  together  as  far  as  a  linear  arrangement  could  do  it. 
find  I  have  therefore  inverted  the  order  of  relationship  in  parts  of 
groups  to  bring  this  about. 

In  order  to  facilitate  understanding  the  genetic  relationship  I 
have  appended  a  diagram  of  my  view  of  the  relationship  of  the  groups. 

My  diagram  of  and  arrangement  of  species  is  based  wholly 
on  relationship  as  indicated  by  the  species  of  today.  Whether  this 
is  the  actual  line  of  descent  is  a  different  matter  for  no  one  knows 
whether  there  has  been  retrogradation  nor  how  much.  A  study  of  the 
Asiatic  species  might  throw  some  light  on  this  matter  but  the  geolo- 
gical history  is  so  localized  that  little  benefit  is  liable  to  accrue  from 
this  source.  The  differentiation  of  the  genus  except  in  rare  cases 
has  manifestly  been  due  to  glacial  and  post-glacial  agencies  and  these 
factors  are  well  worked  out. 

GROUP   DETAILS. 

1.  Homalobi.  It  is  a  debatable  matter  as  to  which  species  is 
the  most  primitive,  but  from  its  resemblance  to  Hosackia  and  Lathy- 
rus  I  have  assumed  A.  campestris  to  be  the  most  primitive.  But 
for  systematic  reasons  I  have  placed  first  those  species  with  the 
ventral  suture  the  more  arched  and  which  belong  in  more  humid  re- 
gions and  mostly  at  the  north. 

A.  Wingatensis  and  tenellus  fall  together,  with  short  or  no  stipe 
and  small  flowers.     It  is  here  that  the  Debiles  branch  off.     The  sti- 


19 

pitate  species  with  larger  flowers  come  next.  A.  Coltoni  with  pur- 
ple flowers  belongs  to  the  Navajo  Basin  slopes.  A.  stenophyllus  and 
Antiselli  with  white  flowers  come  next,  belonging  to  the  mountain 
slopes  of  the  northern  Great  Basin,  the  Columbia  Basin,  and  the 
southern  California  plains  in  warmer  regions,  and  almost  connecting 
with  the  Inflati  through  A.  oxyphysus.  Another  offshoot  of  the  north- 
ern Sierras  is  in  A.  Californicus  and  inversus. 

The  second  branch  of  the  Homalobi  has  the  ventral  suture  less 
arched  than  the  dorsal  for  the  most  part,  and  as  a  whole  belongs  in 
warmer  regions  or  at  the  south.  A.  campestris  with  pods  wider  above 
Is  cosmopolitan  In  the  mountains,  even  reaching  alpine  places.  A. 
Pasqualensis  Is  placed  here  for  lack  of  a  better  place,  but  its  posi- 
tion is  not  determined.  It  is  from  the  far  south  in  Mexico.  The 
Bpecies  with  pods  not  wider  above  are  A.  junceus  and  EJpiscopus. 
Species  much  as  In  A.  campestris  but  with  acerose  leaflets  are  A. 
simpliclfolius  and  detritalis.  A  marked  differentiation  of  the  group 
now  comes  in  the  species  A.  montanus  which  connects  campes- 
tris with  the  humistratus  group,  and  represents  the  alteration  of 
campestris  to  thrive  on  the  dry  plains  and  stony  forests  of  Wyoming 
to  Arizona.  A.  humistratus  and  sesquiflorus  represent  a  modification 
of  montanus  for  the  forests  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico  to  Mexico. 
Other  modifications  are  A.  sericoleuciis  for  the  Plains  of  Wyoming 
and  Colorado,  A.  Gilensis  for  those  of  the  Gila.  A.  tegetarioides  for 
those  of  Oregon.  A.  quinqueflorus  and  Pueblae  are  Mexican  out- 
liers. 

2.  Triphylli.  This  group  of  two  species  represents  a  special 
adaptation   to   the   wind-swept   Plains. 

3.  Debiles.  This  offshoot  of  the  Homalobi  starts  off  near  A. 
tenellus  and  its  lowest  species  doubtless  is  A.  debills  connecting  the 
group  with  A.  tenellus  of  the  Homnlobi,  nnd  also  not  greatly  re- 
moved from  A.  pauciflorus  of  the  Inflati.  Then  comes  A. 
Yukonensis,  and  leptaleus,  with  A.  polaris  last.  This  little  known 
species  is  very  likely  to  belong  with  A.  alpinus.  The  Debiles  all 
belong  in  the  north  in  cold  regions  in  moist  places  with  sweet  or 
acid    soil. 

4.  Sparsiflori,  This  group  connects  almost  direct  with  the  De- 
biles by  A.  leptaleus  through  A.  sparsiflorus,  with  A.  obcordatus  next 
and  A.  villosus  last,  and  belongs  on  the  plains  and  prairies  from  Colo- 
rado BOutheastward. 

5.  Alpini.  This  group  Is  perhaps  as  well  placed  as  an  offshoot 
of  the  Sparsiflori  and  closely  related  to  the  Inflati,  though  it  is  re- 
lated to  the  Atrati  and  Strigulosi  which  represent  it  in  the  south. 
Its  lowest  species  is  doubtless  A.  eleg.ins  though  the  little  known  A. 
Crormani  may  be  first,  then  comes  the  large  stipuled  forms  A.  alpinus 
.'^nd  Americanus.  and  the  small-stiptileri  forms  aboriginum  and  Cot- 
toni.  all  with  a  slightly  produced  dors.-^l  suture,  then  we  come  to  the 
sulcate  and  variably  2-celled  forms  A.  Lnbradoricus  and  andinus.  All 
this  grouji  belong  in  the  high  region  or  the  far  north,  mostly  in 
cold    meadows    and    copses. 

6.  Inflati.  This  is  an  early  offshoot  of  the  Debiles  or  coordi- 
nate with  it  as  an  offshoot  of  the  Homalobi,  for  A.  pauciflorus  is 
certainly  closely  related  to  A.  tenellus.  This  is  a  group  of  the  hot  and 
variably  alkaline  deserts  for  the  most  part.  Its  two  primitive  species 
A.  pauciflorus  and  miser  belonging  in  sweet  soil  in  the  pine  forests 
of  the  north.  Among  its  single-celled  small  podded  forms  A.  Pulsi- 
ferae  and  diurnus  belong  in  the  sagebrush  benches  of  the  southern 
Columbia  Basin  drainage  and  vicinity,  A.  pubentissimus  in  the  Navajo 
Basin  deserts  In  sandy  places.  A.  sabulonum  in  similar  places  along 
the  Colorado  in  Utah  and  Nevada,  A.  aridus  in  the  hot  deserts  of  the 
Death  Valley-Mojave  region,  A.  Geyeri  on  the  sandy  deserts  of  the 
Great  Basin,  A.  Julianus.  prorlferus  and  metanus  in  the  deserts  of 
Lower  California.  A.  Vaseyi,  Thurberi  and  Palmeri  in  the  deserts  of 


20 

western  Arizona  and  near  California,  A.  insularis  on  desert  islands 
of  Lower  California  and  A.  triflorus  in  the  sandy  places  from  Colo- 
rado to  central  Mexico  where  there  is  little  alkali.  A.  pychnostachyus 
In  the  salt  marshes  of  the  California  bays,  A.  Hornii  on  the  salt  flats 
of  the  San  Joaquin  and  southward,  and  A.  scalaris  an  aberrant 
thing  from  the  barrancas  of  Chihuahua.  Among  the  single  celled  and 
hirge  podded  forms  A.  subcinereus  and  pictus  grow  with  running 
roots  in  sandy  sagebrush  regions  of  Colorado  to  Utah  and  Arizona. 
A.  Wardi,  serpens  and  nutans  grow  from  stout  roots  in  sagebrush 
regions  of  southern  Utah  to  adjacent  Nevada.  A  peculiar  group  of 
seacoast  species  inhabits  the  California-Mexican  region  such  as  A. 
vestitus,  Pomonensis.  Crotalariae,  Miguelensis  and  Magdalenae. 
Another  more  inland  group  but  near  the  other  is  A.  macrodon  and 
Douglasii.  Large  podded  forms  of  the  Grand  Canon  region  are  A. 
allochrous  and  Wetherilli.  All  these  are,  except  the  last,  plants 
with  sessile  pods.  Balloon-shaped  and  variably  stipitate  plants  are 
the  diminutive  A.  jejunus  of  the  Uintas,  A.  Cusickii  of  the  lower 
Snake  river  drainage,  and  A.  Hookerianus  of  the  Sierras  which 
comes  close  to  A.  Cottoni.  Another  quite  distinct  group  and  connected 
with  the  Collini  is  A.  oxyphysus,  trichopodus  and  capillipes  which 
belong  in  the  southern  California  region  and  are  related  to  the  bal- 
loon-shaped section.  Plants  with  large  and  stipitate  but  not  balloon- 
shnped  pods  are  A.  leucophyllus,  curtipes,  leucopsis,  and  belong  in 
the  coast  region  of  California.  These  all  have  no  joint  to  the  stipe. 
Plants  with  jointed  stipe  and  large  pods  are  A.  lutosus  of  the  dry 
ledges  of  western  Colorado.  A.  megacarpus  of  the  desert  clay  bad 
lands  of  Wyoming  and  Utah.  A.  oophorus  and  Bechwithii  of  the 
sagebrush  plains  and  hills  of  Utah  to  Idaho  and  Nevada.  Plants  with 
variously  2-celled  pods  are  A.  triquetrus  and  Craigi  of  the  Sage- 
brush piains  of  Nevada  and  adjacent  Oregon,  and  the  cosmopolitan 
A.  lentiginosus,  at  least  as  far  as  tlie  western  plateau  region  goes, 
not  extending  much   into  Mexico. 

7.  Lotiflori.  This  group  would  naturally  be  placed  as  a  branch 
of  the  Debiles  next  the  Sparsiflori.  and  may  possibly  belong  there. 
But  I  prefer  to  place  it  Ps  an  offshoot  of  the  Homalobi  verging  to- 
ward the  Argophylli  and  near  to  the  Atrati  with  which  it  seems  re- 
lated. The  rather  fleshy  pods  variously  2-celled  would  place  it  here 
A.  Mohavensis  belongs  in  the  rocky  gulches  of  tne  Death  Valley 
region,  and  A.  circumdatus  in  the  Lower  California  region,  accum- 
bens  (procumbens)  on  the  mesas  of  northern  New  Mexico,  and  A.  loti- 
florus  on  the  Plains  from  Wyoming  to  Texas. 

8.  The  least  modified  group  of  the  Homalobi  in  its  beginning  is 
the  Collini,  the  pods  being  Homalobous  but  the  flowers  decidedly 
modified  in  the  first  three  species  A.  Tweedyi,  collinus  and  porrectus. 
Then  the  pods  themselves  become  fleshy  and  inclined  to  corrugated 
and  falcate  in  Gibbsii,  which  tendency  is  still  more  accentuated  in 
eperiocarpus  and  Alvordensis.  All  belong  in  the  Columbia  Basin  drain- 
age  and   vicinity,    in    soil    not   very    alkaline. 

9.  Podo-sclerocarpi.  This  branch  of  the  Collini  shows  a  lengthen- 
ing of  the  flowers,  and  expansion  and  lengthening  of  floral  rachis 
a  reduction  of  the  leaves  toward  phyllodia  and  thickening  of  "tissue 
to  suit  the  alkaline  conditions  in  which  it  grows.  The  pods  become 
more  fleshy  and  rapidly  differentiate.  It  is  almost  exclusively  a 
Great  Basin  group  of  the  alkaline  plains.  A.  Toanus  of  the  border 
land  of  Utah  and  Nevada  is  the  lowest.  A.  pectinatus  and  Gray* 
form  a  close  group,  the  one  on  the  Plains  from  Assiniboia  southw-ard, 
the  other  in  the  Green  River  Wyoming  drainage.  All  these  have 
ehort  fleshy,  sessile  and  little  differentiated  pods,  but  modified  leaves 
Here  branch  off  the  Preussii.  Then  comes  A.  Casei,  pterocarpus. 
and  tetrapterus  with  doubly  falcate  and  elongated  pods  inclined  to 
stipitate  and  much  modified.  These  all  belong  to  the  Great  Basin 
and  A.  tetrapterus  extends  beyond  to  the  drainage  of  the  Virgin  river 
and  the  Colorado  near  and  in  Utah.       A.   Casei  keeps  close  to  the 


21 

Sierras,  and  A.  pterocarpus  along  the  head  of  the  Humboldt.  Then 
come  the  stipitate  A.  sclerocarpus  of  the  Columbia  Basin  sand  dunes, 
A.  bicristatus  of  the  canyons  of  the  Mojave,  A.  Serenoi  and  canonis 
of  the  alkaline  seeps  of  the  east  base  of  the  Sierras,  and  A.  pachypus 
of  the  similar  seeps  at  the  head  of  the  San  Joauqin. 

10.  Preussii.  This  group  is  one  with  pods  more  inflated  and 
mostly  less  fleshy,  with  leaves  not  modified  and  growing  in  hotter 
and  less  alkaline  places  and  belonging  mostly  along  the  Colorado 
drainage,  it  seems  to  branch  off  early  from  the  Podo-sclerocarpi. 
The  purple  flowered  forms  A.  Preussii  and  ampullarius  with  re- 
duced number  of  leaflets  and  thin-walled  and  inflated  pods  nor- 
mally stipitate,  and  A.  limatus  with  ample  leaflets  and  fleshy  and 
less  inflated  pods.  A.  Preussii  goes  from  the  Sierras  to  Colorado, 
ampullarius  is  local  near  the  Kaibab.  and  limatus  belongs  in  the 
Death  Valley-Mojave  region.  The  white  or  cream  colored  flowers 
have  the  rather  tall  A.  oocarpus,  a  near  relative  of  A.  Preussii  from 
the  San  Diego  region,  the  remarkable  A.  asclepiadoides,  probably 
nearest  to  A.  ampullarius,  of  the  Navajo  Basin  and  upper  Sevier, 
with  a  single  great  leaflet,  and  the  fleshly-walled  A.  Pattersoni  and 
sabulosus,  also  of  the  Navajo  Basin,  A.  Pattersoni  also  going  over 
into  the  Great  Basin  and  on  the  Rio  Grande  drainage. 

11.  The  other  branch  of  the  Collini  is  the  Reventi-arrecti  where 
this  line  runs  toward  the  production  of  the  septum  into  2-celled  pods. 
A.  reventus  and  adanus  represent  the  fleshy-walled  side  and  belong 
in  the  Columbia  drainage.  A.  arrectus  in  its  many  modifications  to 
suit  temperature  conditions  extends  from  the  upper  Columbia  drain- 
rge  to  the  Colorado.  Here  branch  off  the  TJliginosi.  A.  vallaris  and 
Bolanderi  represent  an  inflated  and  stipitate  group  reminding  one 
rf  the  sessile  A.  lentiginosus  of  the  Inflati,  the  one  species  growing 
en  the  upper  and  eastern  Columbia  drainpge,  and  the  other  in  the 
rorthern  Sierras.  This  group  abounds  in  the  sagebrush  region  where 
nlkali  is  not  excessive.  Still  another  specialized  member  reminding 
one  of  the  Sarcocarpi  is  A.  accidens  with  plum-shaped  and  very 
fleshy  stipitate  pods  inhabiting  the  pine  forests  of  the  Cascades,  like 
its  congener  A.  Bolanderi  of  the  Sierras  farther  south. 

12.  Uliginosi.  This  early  branch  of  the  Reventi-arrecti  is  closely 
related  to  it  through  A.  terminalis  and  Oreganus,  species  of  the  up- 
per Columbia  drainage  and  adjacent  head  of  the  Missouri,  growing 
in  sagebrush  regions.  A.  Canadensis  comes  next  with  its  stubby 
flowers  and  is  cosmopolitan,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  growing 
in  copses  and  prairies.  A.  neglectus  an  inflated  modification  remind- 
ing one  much  of  the  Preussii  belongs  in  the  Minnesota  region  in 
open    woods. 

13.  Hypoglottides.  this  appears  to  be  an  offshoot  of  the  Uligi- 
nosi as  shown  by  the  flowers,  habitat,  and  pubescence  of  A.  nitidus. 
The  first  species  A.  nitidus  belongs  on  the  Plains  and  extends  west- 
ward to  Washington.  A.  agrestis  belongs  in  the  sweet  and  cold 
meadows  of  alpine  and  subalpine  regions  for  the  most  part,  though 
it  goes  down  into  Middle  Temperate  in  specially  favorable  places. 
Both  species  endure  small  amounts  of  alkali.  This  group  is  Asiatic 
and   European   and   reaches   a  much   better  development  there. 

14.  Chaetodontes. .  This  group  seems  a  natural  modification  of 
the  Hypoglottides.  A.  Austinae  is  a  caespitose  modification  of  rocky 
ridges  in  the  Sierras.  A.  Spaldingii  and  Dyallii  are  plants  of  the  sage- 
brush plains  and  sandy  slopes  of  the  unper  southern  Columbia  Basin. 
A.  Brauntoni  is  a  remarkable  modification  of  the  plains  of  the  reeiou 
■"'est  of  Riverside  California.  This  makes  the  end  of  the  Collini 
branch  of  the   Homalobi. 

15.  The  Lotiflori  is  a  group  that  is  hard  to  place  but  seems 
b-^tter  located  as  an  indei^endent  branch  of  the  Homalobi  near  the 
Atrati  or  of  the  Atrati  itself.  On  the  other  hand  it  has  some  char- 
acters of  the  Argophylli.  ns  though  a  branch  of  the  Flexuosi. 

IG.     Atrati.      This    .group    also    branches    off    from    the    Homalobi 


and  near  A.  junceus  and  verges  toward  the  Alpini  and  represents 
it  in  the  south  and  warmer  and  drier  regions.  It  has  a  tendency 
to  fleshy  or  coriaceous  pods,  and  with  ventral  suture  the  more 
arched.  A.  Salmonis  is  a  fleshy  and  caespitose  plant  of  cold  ridges 
in  the  Blue  Mountains  Oregon,  A.  obscurus  has  much  narrower  and 
less  fleshy  pods  and  frequents  the  sagebrush  benches  of  northern 
Nevada.  A.  atratus  has  about  straight  pods  and  is  very  variable. 
It  belongs  in  the  sagebrush-juniper  regions.  In  the  Boise  region  its 
pods  are  papery  and  its  filiform  stems  straggle  for  several  feet  over 
the  ground,  in  central  Nevada  its  stems  are  spreading  and  short  and 
pods  chartaceous  to  almost  coriaceous,  in  the  Death  Valley  region 
its  pods  are  almost  fleshy  and  rather  cartilaginous.  A.  Ibapensis  is 
like  the  central  Nevada  atratus  but  with  different  leaves  and  grows 
in  the  Deep  Creek  mountains  on  sagebrush  slopes.  A.  Panamin- 
tensis  has  quite  fleshy  pods,  but  they  on  drying  are  only  chartaceous. 
It  grows  in  the  rocky  canons  of  the  Panamints  of  California. 

17.  Striguiosi.  This  group  seems  to  be  an  early  branch  of  th^ 
Atrati  and  like  it  has  the  ventral  suture  the  more  arched,  and  th« 
rods  are  almost  always  stipitate  and  papery  and  inclined  to  inflated, 
and  reflexed.  A.  recurvus  and  straturensis  are  in  close  relation  with 
their  narrow  and  linear,  not  inflated  pods  and  acuminate  base,  and 
papery  partial  partition.  They  frequent  the  Grand  Canon  region, 
among  the  pines  and  brush.  The  rest  of  the  group  has  oblong  to  glo- 
bose pods  either  inflated  or  appearing  so.  A.  strigulosus  has  pods 
acuminate  at  base  and  often  at  tip  and  with  loose  pubescence,  and 
in  its  various  forms  extends  from  the  Grand  Canon  to  southern 
Mexico.  A.  Brandegei,  platytropis  and  Cobrensis  are  peculiar  species 
the  first  and  last  seemingly  inflated  but  little  if  at  all  so,  and  little 
If  at  all  stipitate;  the  first  reminds  one  of  atratus,  of  the  Atrati  and 
may  belong  there  near  the  Idaho  form  of  atratus,  and  it  grows  from 
Canon  City  Colorado  through  the  Navajo  basin  in  the  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone.  A.  Cobrensis  is  more  coriaceous  and  frequents  the 
mountains  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  in  the  same  zone.  A.  platy- 
tropis a  very  aberrant  species  of  the  dry  mountains  of  eastern 
Nevada,  Montana  and  the  Sierras  doubtless  closest  related  to  A. 
Brandegei.  This  rarely  gets  as  low  as  the  Lower  Temperate  life 
zone,  and  has  globose  and  greatly  inflated  pods.  Plants  with  pros- 
trate stems  or  nearly  so  and  elongated,  and  with  stipitate  pods,  and 
plants  almost  wholly  smooth  grow  in  the  meadows  much  as  the 
Alpini  but  in  central  and  southern  Mexico.  These  are  A.  Guatama- 
lensis,  Pamteri.  Tolucanus  and  Rosei.  A.  .similar  species  but  creep- 
ing and  rooting  at  the  nodes  is  A.  reptans. 

18.  Flexuosi.  This  goes  off  earlier  than  the  Cellini  from  the 
Homalobi  in  the  tendency  of  the  pods  to  be  coriaceous  and  round  in 
cross  section,  and  in  the  small  flowers  of  the  parent  group.  The 
parent  species  is  A.  flexuosus  of  the  northern  Plains.  A.  parviflorus 
is  a  depauperate  modification  of  the  Plains,  from  which  branch  off 
the  Ocreati.  Then  the  species  become  inflated  and  the  flowers  lar- 
ger and  we  have  a  natural  series  to  the  end,  as  the  species  extend 
southward.  A.  gracilentus  connects  this  series  with  the  parent  and 
belongs  in  the  dry  pinon  forests  of  Colorado  and  New  Mexico.  A. 
Sileranus  is  a  straggling  offshoot  of  the  Kaibab  region.  .  A.  coriaceus 
and  Antoninus  belong  in  the  hotter  regions  of  Mexico,  and  A.  pin- 
onis  in  the  Sevier  Basin  Utah. 

19.  Argo"hy!li.  This  is  a  natural  offshoot  of  the  Flexuosi  in  the 
line  of  pod  thickening.  A.  desperatus  of  the  hot  ledges  of  the  Navajo 
Basin  is  a  near  relative.  A.  cibarius  of  the  sagebrush  plains  from 
Montana  to  southern  Utah  and  westward  is  next,  then  come  A.  io- 
danthus  an!  Webberi  of  the  Sierra  region.  These  are  forms  with  little 
pubescence  except  in  A.  desperatus.  Forms  with  mostly  large  pods 
quite  fleshy  and  not  inflated  noticeably  and  with  silvery  pubescence 
not  woolly  are  A.  argophyllus  of  the  Montana  to  Arizona  slopes  and 
plains.     Shortianus  of  the  Colorado  and  New  Mexican  plains  and  foot- 


23 

hills,  A.  Zionis  and  remulcus  of  the  Grand  Canon  region,  and  the 
small  A.  tephrodes  of  central  New  Mexico  plains,  and  slopes.  All 
these  are  either  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  or  reach  a  little 
up  into  the  Middle.  We  now  have  a  peculiar  group  of  the  Navajo 
Basin  with  cellular  pods.  A.  pygmaeus  and  Musiniensis,  in  the  Lower 
Temperate  life  zone.  Then  we  have  a  group  with  pick-shaped  hairs. 
A.  cymboides  and  Missouriensis  have  rather  small  pods,  the  one 
belongs  in  the  clay  lands  of  the  Navajo  Basin,  the  other  on  th« 
Plains  from  Montana  to  New  Mexico.  A.  amphioxys  is  the  third  mem- 
ber of  this  group  and  has  variously  elongated  and  arched  pods  and 
belongs  on  the  Colorado  drainage  and  adjacent  parts  of  the  Rio 
Grande.  The  Group  with  woolly  pubescence  shows  a  tendency  to 
Inflation  of  pod  but  never  very  great.  Of  this  A.  Newberryi  and  Eu- 
rckensis  have  hairy  pods  and  belong  in  the  Great  Basin  region  though 
the  first  extends  to  the  Mogollons  and  both  in  the  Lower  Temperate. 
Forms  with  woolly  leaves  and  pods  are  A.  coccineus  and  funereus  of 
the  Death  Valley  region,  A.  Utahcnsis  of  the  Great  Basin  in  general 
and  A.  inflexus  of  the  Columbia  Basin.  A  species  with  very  shortly 
woolly  pods  and  hairy  leaves  is  A.  Purshii  of  both  Basins. 

20.  Succumbentes.  This  group  with  so  many  characters  of  the 
Hamosi  as  to  the  pods  still  is  related  to  the  Malaci  on  the  one  hand 
.•i.nd  the  Galegiformes  on  the  other.  The  flowers  are  those  of  the 
latter  and  the  leaves  and  habit  and  even  the  pods  more  like  the  Ma- 
laci. But  at  best  the  relationship  is  remote,  even  to  any  known 
species.     For  the   present   I   merge   this   in   the   Malaci. 

21.  Malaci.  This  group  separates  from  the  Argophylli  early  at 
A.  cibarius.  A.  Parryi  and  Feensis  v.'ith  capitate  flowers  come  first 
and  belong  to  the  Colorado  foothills  and  New  Mexical  plains  re- 
spectively. A.  ensiformis,  malacus  and  Layneae  follow.  The  first 
species  belongs  on  the  high  plateau  south  of  St.  George  Utah;  A. 
malacus  along  the  eastern  base  of  the  Sierras  and  over  to  the 
Snake  river  on  the  Columbia  drainage;  A.  Layneae  from  the  south- 
ern Sierras  to  the  Grand  Canon.  The  whole  group  belongs  in  the 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  in  and  near  the  pinon  and  juniper  mesas. 

22.  Mollissimi.  This  group,  the  highest  differentiation  of  the 
Argophylli  is  compact  and  mostly  Mexican.  Species  with  smooth 
pods  are  A.  mollissimus  and  giganteus  of  the  Colorado  and  Texan 
to  Arizona  plains  and  mesas.  Forms  with  stiff-hairy  or  shaggy  pods 
are  A.  Bigelovii  and  Phoenicis  of  the  New  Mexican  and  Mogollon 
mesas,  and  a  variety  extending  to  central  Utah.  The  form  with 
felted  pods  is  A.  Humboldtii  of  the  high  valleys  of  Mexico.  Forms 
with  inflated  pots  are  A.  Orizabae  of  central  Mexico,  A.  orthanthus 
of  Coahuila,  and  A.  anisus  of  Pueblo  Colorado.  Apparently  all  the 
species  belong  to  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  in  well  drained  regions 
with  little  alkali. 

23.  Sarcocarpi.  This  branch  of  the  Malaci  starts  off  early  also, 
apparently  near  A.   Parryi,  whose  closest   relatives  are  A.  Tennesse- 

■  ensis  and  Plattensis;  the  one  from  the  southern  prairies  from  Iowa 
to  Tennessee,  the  other  from  Indiana  to  Colorado  and  Texas  on  phiins 
and  prairies.  The  species  with  plum-shaped  and  very  fleshy  pods  are 
A.  crassicarpus  and  Mexicanus  of  the  Plains  and  prairies  from  Mon- 
tana eastward  and  southenstward  to  Texas. 

24.  The  natural  alteration  of  the  Flexuosi  Is  the  Ocreati  into 
which  it  passes  at  the  start  by  the  modification  of  the  walls  of  the 
pods  In  grooves  and  ribs,  but  without  intrusion  of  the  suture  notice- 
iibly.  This  group,  like  the  Bisulcati  has  the  flowers  mostly  with  a 
strong  and  snake-like  odor  and  inhabits  the  Navajo  Basin  resion. 
The  species  with  pick-shaped  hairs  are  A.  sophoroides  and  conferti- 
florus,  the  latter  growing  also  in  the  Green  River  Basin  of  Wyo- 
ming. The  species  with  normal  hairs  are  A.  argillosus  of  the  Green 
River  region  in  Utah,  find  A.  Moencoppensis  of  the  IJttle  Colorado 
region,  the  former  growing  on  the  hot  bare  mesas,  and  the  latter  in 
the  pine  forests  of  the  Mogollons. 


24 

25.  Bisulcati.  This  group  forms  a  slight  modification  of  the 
Ccreati  hardly  -worth  separating  from  it.  The  species  are  taJl, 
while  the  Ocreati  are  low,  and  the  pods  are  bisulcate  ventrally  and 
pendent  mostly,  presaging  the  intrusion  of  the  suture  in  the  Galegi- 
formes.  A.  bisulcatus  abounds  on  the  Plains  and  mountain  valleys 
from  the  Saskatchewan  to  New  Mexico.  A.  Haydenianus  frequents 
the  valleys  of  the  Great  Basin  and  Navajo  Basin.  A.  oocalycis  is  an 
aberrant  species  with  inflated  calyx  from  Aztec  New  Mexico.  All 
the  group  belong  on  plains  and  valleys  with  some  alkali. 

25.  The  Galegiformes  in  the  first  species  show  more  differen- 
tiation in  the  mostly  Y-shaped  cross  section  without  corrugations 
and  sulcato  dorsally,  and  broader  white  flowers  and  pods  a  little 
inflated,  in  A.  racemosus  of  the  Plains  from  Colorado  to  central  Mex- 
ico, and  A.  scopulorum  from  the  lower  mountain  gulches  of  Colorado 
to  Utah.  But  A.  Drummondii  has  a  long  and  rugose  p^d  with  reni- 
form  cross-section,  and  not  at  all  inflated.  This  frequents  mountain 
valleys  from  Colorado  to  Utah  and  Montana.  A.  Osterhouti  is  an 
aberrant  form  harking  back  toward  the  Homalobi.  It  belongs  on  the 
Nava.io  Basin  drainage. 

27.  Lonchocarpi.  This  group  doubtless  has  a  relationship, 
though  a  loose  one  with  the  racemosus  part  of  the  Galegiformes, 
being  a  little  more  aberrant  than  A.  Drommondii.  It  is,  like  A.  race- 
mosus, a  group  of  the  alkaline  plains.  The  pods  though  reminding 
one  of  the  junceus  part  of  the  Homalobi  are  explanate  along  the 
dorsal  suture,  while  A.  junceus  splits  at  both  sutures  and  the  valves 
curl  and  the  leaflets  are  phyllodia-like  as  in  that  species.  A.  Kai- 
bensis  and  Duchesnensis  hark  back  toward  i-mceus  and  inhabit 
the  Navajo  Basin,  while  A.  lonchocarpus  is  local  from  western  Utah 
to  New  Mexico  and  southern  Nevada.  The  group  might  as  well 
be  placed  as  a  branch  of  the  Homalobi  as  l^ere,  but  the  tendency 
toward  an  impressed  dorsal  suture  would  place  it  here. 

28.  Hamosi.  This  group  gees  a  step  farther  in  the  intrusion  of 
the  dorsal  suture  and  the  narrowing  of  the  pods,  and  runs  into  all 
sorts  of  modifications  according  to  the  varying  ecological  conditions 
of  the  hot  regions  that  it  inhabits.  It  connects  with  the  Flexuosi 
through  A.  distortus  glaber  and  Coahuilae.  The  first  group  of  these 
three  species  is  inclined  to  be  a  little  fleshy-walled  when  fresh 
and  with  uneven  sides,  and  imperfectly  2-celled.  The  first  species 
belongs  on  the  prairies  of  Oklahoma  and  Texas  to  Mississ'npi,  the 
second  in  the  barrens  of  the  Florida  region,  and  the  third  on  the  dry 
benches  of  Coahuila.  The  next  group  of  species  is  inclined  to  be 
jointed  to  calyx  but  also  not  stipitate,  is  oxytropidoid  and  with 
pick-shaped  hairs  and  2-celled  ascending  pods.  It  belongs  in  the 
Juniper  regions,  A.  Arizonicus  on  the  swell  south  of  the  Colorado  in 
Arizona,  and  A.  calycosus  from  the  Navajo  Basin  and  Green  River 
Basin  of  Wyoming  to  the  Sierras  and  southward  to  the  MogoUons. 
The  rest  of  the  Hamosi  is  without  the  pick-shaped  hairs,  and  pods 
not  coriaceous,  with  mostly  Y-shapcd  cross»3ection,  but  2-celled, 
mostly  linear.  A.  Bernardinus  and  Orcuttianus  wath  erect  pods 
shortly  stipitate  belong  in  the  eastern  side  of  the  southern  Sierras  in 
rather  hot  regions.  The  rest  of  the  Hamosi  have  reflexed  pods. 
A.  drepanolobus  is  not  stipitate  and  has  shining  pods  and  belongs  in 
the  southern  Columbia  Basin  region.  A.  Congdoni  and  Andersonl 
are  only  minutely  stipitate  and  softly  silky  all  over  and  belong  in 
the  central  Sierra  region  and  with  pods  having  a  rather  cordate  cross 
section.  A.  sylvaticus  is  stipitate  and  with  shining  pods  and 
whole  plant  about  smooth,  and  abounds  in  the  pine  forests  of  the 
southern  Cascades.  A.  albens  has  a  peculiar  depressed  pod  con- 
spicuously stipitate  and  like  all  its  predecessors  but  the  first 
group  jointed  to  calyx  and  has  silvery  pubescene  closely  appressed 
and   belongs   in   the   Death  Valley   region.     The   rest  of   the   section 


25 

is  without  jointing  of  pod  to  calyx  and  with  manifest  stipe.  The 
first  group  is  herbaceous  and  with  nearly  prostrate  and  slender 
stems.  A.  Howellii  has  narrow  pods,  is  inclined  to  be  softly  pubescent 
and  with  dirty-white  flowers  about  1  cm.  long.  It  frequents  the 
prairies  of  the  lower  Columbia  Basin.  A.  Mulfordse  has  the  broad 
and  a  little  inflated  pods  smooth,  and  has  the  small  flowers  of  A. 
campestris,  and  belongs  in  the  Upper  Snake  river  region  on  sandy 
slopes.  A.  Inyoensis  is  the  only  annual  with  long  and  prostrate 
stems  and  brilliant  purple  flowers  and  broad  and  obcompressed 
pods  as  in  Mulfordse  and  belongs  in  the  Death  Valley  region.  The 
next  group  of  the  Hamosi  is  marked  by  the  shrubby  base,  woolly 
pubescence  and  narrow  pods.  A.  Nevinii  has  smooth  pods  and  A. 
Traskise  has  woolly  pods.  Both  belong  on  the  islands  of  southern 
California.  .  A.  Arthuri  is  a  remarkable  plant  with  almost  filiform 
and  acuminate  and  elongated  pods  and  the  general  habit  of  A.  How- 
ellii and  belongs  in  the  Lake  Waha  region  of  Idaho. 

29.  The  Leptocarpi  seem  to  branch  off  from  the  Hamosi  early 
near  the  first  group.  The  first  division  contains  the  species  with  blunt 
keel,  and  wings  not  lobed,  and  embraces  two  groups,  fJhe  first 
containing  A.  Francisquitensis,  Lindheimeri  and  Icptocarpus  with 
smooth  pods  and  racemose.  The  first  species  belongs  in  the  lower 
California  region,  and  the  other  two  on  the  Texan  prairies,  the  latter 
species  going  to  central  Mexico.  The  second  group  has  flowers  in 
heads,  and  with  two  rather  distinct  segregations.  A.  tener  and 
Rattani  belong  on  the  California  plains  and  have  pods  never  shaggy. 
A.  Wrightii  has  shaggy  pods  and  belongs  on  the  Texan  prairies.  The 
second  division  of  the  Leptocarpi  embraces  the  oxytropidoid  forms 
with  sharp  or  produced  keel  and  a  tendency  to  lobed  wings,  and 
wings  wide  above.  A.  Taittallianus  has  pods  arched  most  near  the  base 
and  rarely  inverted  on  a  twisted  pedicel,  the  keel  variously  sharp, 
and  with  obovate  v^'ings.  This  is  almost  everywhere  in  the  Tropi- 
cal life  zone  and  covers  most  of  the  Lower  Temperate  throughout  the 
Great  Basin.  A.  acutirostris  and  nothoxys  have  acuminate  keel  and 
pods  inverted  on  a  twisted  pedicel.  The  one  belongs  in  the  Mo- 
jave-Death  Valley  region,  the  other  on  the  plains  or  low  mountain 
slopes  of  southern  Arizona,  and  extending  into  Mexico.  The  flowers 
of    the    Leptocarpi    are    seldom    minute. 

30.  Micranthi,  This  is  manifestly  closely  related  to  the  Lepto- 
carpi but  with  pods  inclined  to  be  obcompressed  and  rather  sul- 
cate  at  both  sutures.  A.  lentiformis  is  peculiar  in  the  much  laterally 
flattened  pod  like  A.  tegetarioides,  but  it  is  manifestly  an  ally  to 
A.  Lemmoni  of  the  same  region  namely  the  divide  between  the 
Great  Basin  and  the  Columbia  drainage  along  the  Sierras  in  the 
sagebrush.  This  group  is  almost  wholly  Mexican,  with  an  outlier  in 
Texas  and  three  species  reaching  Arizona  and  California  besides 
those  mentioned.  Plants  with  pediceled  flowers  in  racemes  are  A. 
Madrensis  of  the  pine  forests  of  Chihuahua,  the  little  known  A.  er- 
voides  of  Tepic,  and  Luisianus  also  of  the  forests  of  Oaxaca  and  Pu- 
ebla.  Plants  with  flowers  in  loose  heads  and  rather  few  are  the 
mostly  woolly  A.  Greggii  of  Coahuila  and  southward.  A.  Pringlei  of 
the  Chihuahua  plains,  A.  parvus  of  the_  regions  of  San  Luis  Potosi. 
and  A.  Schaffneri  from  the  same  region.  Plants  with  flowers  in 
dense  heads  and  with  axillary  peduncles  are  those  with  narrow 
leaflets  A.  Lemmoni,  from  California,  Esperanzae  from  central  Mexi- 
co, and  Chapalanus  from  Jalisco.  Plants  with  similar  flowers  but 
broad  leaflets  sessile  in  spikes  and  pods  about  sessile  have  two 
groups,  with  pods  about  linear  which  embrace  A.  Hartwegi  from  cen- 
tral Mexico,  A.  militaris  from  Chihuahua  and  adjacent  Arizona,  A. 
Saltonis  from  the  State  of  Mexico,  A.  vaccarum  from  Arizona  and 
Chihuahua   and   southward   on    dry   hills,    and    the   conspicuously   con- 


26 

nate  stipuled,  and  hoary  A.  .hypoleucus  with  hairs  fixed  by  the 
middle,  from  central  Mexico.  Forms  with  broad  pods  and  flowers 
in  spikes  have  two  groups  those  with  short  spikes  embracing  A. 
oxyrhynchus  and  Seatoni  from  San  Luis  Potosi  to  Oaxaca.  Plants 
with  broad  pods  and  long  spikes  are  the  the  pubescent  A.  Goldmani 
from  Chihuahua  and  Clevelandi  from  western  California.  Plants 
with  stipitate   pods  in  dense  heads  are  A.   Purpusi. 

31.  Didymocarpi.  This  is  the  natural  culmination  of  the  Mic- 
ranthi.  The  species  are  annuals  unless  A.  diphacus  and  Angelinus 
are  more  enduring.  The  pods  are  for  the  most  part  very  small 
and  much  altered.  The  annuals  separate  into  those  with  pods  sessile 
and  those  with  stipitate  pods.  The  first  group  contains  those  with 
closely  reflexed  pods  in  spikes  and  the  species  are  two,  A.  reflexus 
of  the  Texan  prairies,  and  A.  nigrescens  of  the  hot  Californian  plains. 
This  group  also  contains  with  erect  pods,  A.  Breweri  with  a  long 
beak  and  relatively  large  pods,  and  didymocarpus  and  dispermus  with 
pods  hardly  longer  than  calyx  and  didymous  and  corrugated.  Those 
belong  to  the  Californian  plains  and  run  over  into  the  border  of 
Arizona  and  Nevada.  The  species  with  stipitate  and  reflexed  pods 
is  A.  Brazoensis  of  the  Texan  plains  and  prairies.  The  apparently 
perennial  species  are  both  Mexican,  A.  diphacus  from  Zacatecas,  and 
A.  Angelinus  from  the  Valley  of  Mexico.. 


27 


\«5. 


\ 


^ 


*/p.. 


■<'-o„ 


i>^^ 


ceM^ 


% 


.'cfue; 


OOOj 


es 


SP3 


'•s/f/. 


Or/ 


'e6 


'/e. 


^ve> 


Uot^ 


Af^o^y 


"e,.« 


^^&- 


^/. 


®*//, 


<^^f/ 


Genetic  Relationship. 


28 


ECOLOGY. 


To  give  the  ecology  of  Astragalus  would  require  the  ecology  of 
the  Great  Plateau,  altogether  too  great  a  subject  for  this  monograph. 
In  Contributions  No.  13  I  went  into  the  subject  of  life  zones 
pretty  fully,  giving  the  main  features  and  the  basis  on  which  they 
rest,  and  also  went  into  the  subject  of  barriers  in  their  effect  on  the 
distribution  of  species  in  the  west.  These  subjects  will  be  treated 
briefly    here. 

Astragali  have  to  contend  with  all  the  ecological  factors  that 
apply    to    herbaceous    plants. 

No  species  of  Astragalus  have  become  saprophytes,  epiphytes, 
or  parasites. 

A.  reptans  is  the  only  species  that  creeps  and  roots.  None  are 
truly    stoloniferous. 

Only  about  half  a  dozen  species  are  woody  and  then  only  be- 
low such  as  some  Inflati,  A.  leucophyllus  and  the  like,  A.  Traskiae 
belongs  with  the  Hamosi,  none    are  true  shrubs. 

Nearly  all  species  are  tufted  from  vertical  tap  roots;  none  have 
tuberous  roots  though  some  have  fleshy  roots,  particularly  those 
growing  in  clay  soil  where  it  is  almost  impossible  for  annuals  to 
grow,  such  as  the  Navajo  Basin.  A.  Musiniensis  and  cymboides  have 
fleshy  roots,  the  former  3-4  feet  long,  the  same  is  true  of  A.  ascle- 
piadoides,  Pattersoni,  sabulosus,  but  the  latter  afre  fles|hy  mcjre 
because   of   the   alkaline   soil. 

12,5  species  have  woody  roots.  11  species  are  biennial;  41 
species    are    annual. 

108  species  have  slender  stems;  131  have  delicate  stems;  52 
species  have  coarse  and  stout  stems. 

1.50  species  have  small  leaves;  115  species  have  thick  leaves;  and 
76   species   have   delicate   leaves. 

32  species  grow  in  meadows;  61  in  forests;  and  112  in  shade  of 
brush  or  other  plants;  120  are  low  plants;  38  species  grow  in  sweet 
soil;   59  in  alkaline  soil  strongly  impregnated. 

205  species  have  bladdery  pods;  114  fleshy  pods;  and  144  have 
colored  or  blotched  pods;   none  of  the  pods  are  truly  edible. 

128  species  have  small  flowers;  133  large  flowers;  7  coarse 
flowers;  24  delicate  ones;  104  inconspicuous  ones;  173  bloom  in 
spring;  99  mature  in  two  months,  the  rest  in  2-3  months;  210  have 
white  or  cream-colored  flowers. 

Most  of  the  alpine  species  have  slender  underground  stems  or 
branching  root  crowns  or  interlacing  roots  forming  loose  patches  of 
plants,  particularly  the  Alpini, 

A.  pictus  and  subcinereus  have  filiform  and  branching  roots  and 
long  underground  stems.  A.  junceus  and  Duchesnensis  are  much 
the  same  but  less  branched.  Most  of  the  Homalobi  have  prostrate 
and  much  interlaced  csespitose  stems.  A.  argcphylhis  is  much 
the  same  but  stems  coarser  and  woody.  Many  of  the  Great  Basin 
species  have  stems  with  bark  performing  the  duties  of  leaves,  and 
leaflets  reduced  to   phyllodia  or  very   narrow.     The   annual   species 


29 

with  few  exceptions  are  delicate  and  short-lived  with  delicate  stems, 
small  flowers  and  pods,  and  quick  maturing,  produced  by  the  peculiar 
climate  of  the  Tropical  plains  of  the  Arizona-California  region  and 
extending  into  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  such  as  A.  Nuttallian- 
us,  leptccarpus,  Didymocarpi,  etc.  Several  of  these  annuals  in  the 
Mexican  region  start  in  the  meager  moisture  of  the  spring  and 
make  a  growth  sufficient  to  mature  pods  and  then  rest  in  the  dry 
season  without  dying  out  and  in  the  fall  rains  grow  vigorously  and 
bloom  again  more  copiously,  even  having  a  woody  old  stem  which 
makes  them  seem  like  bienniels  or  perennials,  and  for  this  reason 
we  do  not  know  yet  what  are  truly  annuals,  among  the  higher 
groups.  A.  Nuttallianus  is  known  to  start  in  the  fall  and  bloom  as  a 
winter  annual,  tl  is  possible  that  this  is  true  of  A.  hypoleucus.  A. 
amphioxys  blooms  as  a  winter  annual  but  is  a  perennial,  though 
Bhort-lived. 

Most  species  have  peduncles  as  long  or  longer  than  the  leaves 
and  in  the  upper  axils.  Very  few  have  short  peduncles  with  flower* 
nearly  sessile  in  the  axils,  and  concealed  pods.  Very  few  have 
the  internodes  longer  than  the  leaves.  Very  few  leaves  persist  in 
winter  and  those  which  do  are  woolly  or  hairy  and  act  as  a  protec- 
tion to  the  roots,  such  as  A.  Utahensis,  coccineus  and  fanereus  which 
protect  them  from  the  summer  heat;  A.  simplicifolius,  sericoleucus, 
triphyllus,  montanus,  humillimus.  Gilensis,  and  campes,tr(is  v.hich 
along  with  very  condensed  stems  and  large  stipules  protect  them 
from  changes  in  temperature  in  winter  and  spring.  Only  those 
alpine  plants  are  thus  protected  which  grow  on  gravelly  or  rocky 
places  where  winter's  snow  is  liable  to  be  blown  off. 

As  a  rule  there  is  no  crowding  with  other  plants,  and  specie* 
of  Astragalus  do  not  grow  together.  Exceptions  to  this  are  A.  Nut- 
tallianus which  frequently  grows  among  dense  patches  of  other  an- 
nuals, A.  didymocarpus ,  tener,  leptocarpus,  algrescens,  Rattani  and 
Lindheimeri  have  the  same  and  then  become  erect,  though  all 
naturally   are   depressed   to   prostrate. 

The   struggle    for   existence   is    purely   one   against   climate    and 

BOil. 

There  is  no  evidence  that  any  Astragali  grow  only  on  a  lime 
soil,  or  an  iron  soil  or  any  other  particular  kind  of  soil  chemically 
speaking  oxceit  t'l-jse  with  active  alkalies  and  acid.  The  plants 
of  acid  soils  are  the  Alpini  and  the  like,  growing  in  decomposed 
vegetable  humus.  The  plants  growing  only  in  actively  alkaline  soils 
(this  is  soils  with  1  per  cent  or  more  soluble  alkalies  containing 
some  carbonate  of  sodium)  necessarily  grow  in  clay  soil  in  the  bot- 
toms of  alkaline  valleys.  Such  plants  are  A.  pectinatus,  Grayi,  Toa- 
nus.  and  nearly  all  of  the  Podo-scleroscarpi,  and  some  of  the  Preussii 
such  as  asclepiadoides,  Pattersoni,  sabulosus,  ampullarius,  mc;;a- 
carpus. 

Very  seldom  do  we  see  any  species  of  Astragalus  growing  in 
large  patches,  an  exception  to  this  is  A.  andinus,  agrestis,  bisulcatus. 
Canadensis. 

Practically  the  only  perennial  species  that  come  into  competition 
with  other  species  by  crowding  are  the  Alpini,  Debiles,  Hypoglotti- 
des,  and  in  these  groups  there  is  no  evidence  of  any  differentiation 
due  to  crowding.  The  annual  species  when  growing  dens^y  with 
other  plants  have  more  slender  stems,  smaller  leaves  and  larger 
flowers  and  pods. 

It  is  a  common  thing  for  the  flowers  of  Astragali  to  vary  greatly 
In  size  according  to  the  humidity.  Where  the  season  is  particularly 
dry  the  flowers  are  often  almost  rudimentary,  where  epecially  moist 


30 

they  are  large  and  long.  This  is  particularly  the  case  In  the  Dldy- 
mocarpi  and  Leptocarpi  and  has  led  to  the  founding  of  spurious 
species  on  this  character. 

No  fossil  species  of  Astragalus  have  been  certainly  reported, 
while  the  geographical  distribution  points  clearly  to  the  Glacial  period 
as  the  beginning  of  the   primitive   species. 

Doubtless  there  will  always  be  discussion  as  to  the  indigenous  or 
foreign  origin  of  some  species  bHt  generally  speaking  there  is  no 
reason  to  seek  a  foreign  origin  for  any  not  known  to  be  continental. 
Those  species  which  are  now  contiguous  in  the  Arctic,  the  Alpini,  are 
of  European  or  Asiatic  origin,  as  well  as  the  Hypoglottides,  and  prob- 
ably the  Uliginosi.  But  the  Hamosi  of  America  though  closely  re- 
sembling those  of  Europe  show  no  common  origin  with  them  but 
come  down  through  the  Flexuosi,  or  A.  nitidus,  and  from  the  Hamosi 
come  the  rest,  such  as  the  Leptocarpi,  Micranthi  and  Didymocarpl, 
though  the  latter  may  have  come  from  the  Hypoglottides.  If  the 
line  of  descent  were  not  clear  then  we  might  be  j'JStified  in  seeking 
a  foreign  origin,  but  though  there  are  abnormalities  and  gaps  yet  as 
a  whole  the  line  of  descent  of  all  the  species  is  well  marked.  While 
to  connect  our  anomalies  with  species  of  remote  regions  in  Europe  or 
Asia  would  require  far  more  unscientific  guessing  and  stretchin.^ 
of  ecological  laws  than  the  facts  warrant.  For  example  A.  succum- 
bens  has  no  near  relative  and  yet  its  relation  to  the  Hamosi  is 
evident  as  well  as  with  the  Galegiformes.  The  Uliginosi  are  evidently 
of  common  origin  with  A.  nitidus  and  presage  the  Preussii.  The 
higher  groups  the  Leptocarpi,  Micranthi  and  Didymocarpl  are  the 
most  differentiated  and  both  ecologically  and  geologically  have  been 
subjected  to  the  most  changes  of  climate  and  the  greatest  migration, 
as  shown  by  their  present  distribution  and  annual  habit.  We  have 
hardly  a  suspicion  of  the  spinose  Astragali  of  Asia.  A.  jejunus 
and  humillimus  have  rigid  petioles  as  well  as  A.  sesquiflorus,  but 
never  spinose.  The  adaptation  of  the  species  to  climatic  conditions 
is  perfect  as  is  that  to  soil  whether  the  soil  contains  1  per  cein  of 
soluble  alkalies,  or  is  acid  as  in  the  alpine  meadows,  or  is  barren 
clay  as  in  the  Navajo  Basin,  or  the  gravelly  plains  of  Colorado  and 
Montana,  or  the  cooking-hot  deserts  of  Arizona  and  Mexico.  There 
is  no  evidence  of  present  progressive  differentiation,  not  even  in 
such  a  cosmopolitan  and  variable  species  as  A.  lentiginosus.  There 
is  little  hybridization  and  little  evidence  of  fertility  of  hybrids.  The 
species  are  easily  definable  though  some  are  variable.  The  limits 
of  a  few  species  are  uncertain,  particularly  Mexican,  from  lack  of 
information.  In  fact  many  of  the  newer  Mexican  species  are  merely 
tentative,  for  there  are  at  least  a  score  still  to  be  discovered  which 
are  liable  to  alter  our  conception  of  the  limitations  of  the  Strigulosi 
and    Micranthi. 


LIFE  ZONES. 

The  prime  factors  in  determining  life  zones  are  humidity  (which 
Includes  that  of  the  air  and  soil),  temperature,  soil,  and  light.  Since 
the  light  is  a  matter  of  exposure,  it  varies  locally,  the  same  is  true 
of  the  soil.  Humidity  is  at  the  basis  of  all  plant  growth  and  should 
form  the  basis  of  all  classification  but  unfortunately  it  varies  with 
altitude,  exposure,  drainage  and  many  other  things  and  so  Tem- 
perature is  alone  left  to  govern  our  plant  zones.  This  varies  with 
altitude  and  latitude.     We  first  find  what  are  the  actual  plant  zones 


31 

by  observation  of  all  the  species  of  a  region,  and  then  tie  these  limits 
as  far  as  possible  to  known  temperature  curves.  No  two  species  of 
plants  are  equally  sensitive  to  temperature  and  humidity,  and  so 
they  will  not  be  bound  by  the  same  limitations.  For  example  the 
aspen  is  more  sensitive  to  humidity  than  temperature  and  thereforo 
will  grow  far  down  among  the  oaks  under  suitable  humidity  con- 
ditions, but  where  the  humidity  follows  the  temperature  rathei* 
closely  the  aspen  conforms  to  the  usual  life  zone  limits  well,  such  as 
in  the  Great  Basin  and  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  Sierras,  but  in 
Montana  and  Idaho  it  grows  out  ol  its  true  life  zone  among  the 
oaks,  because  of  humid  conditions.  A  species  that  stops  short  off 
at  one  life  zone  limit  nearly  always  feathers  out  on  the  other.  So 
the  real  life  zone  limits  have  to  be  determined  by  careful  observa- 
tion of  all  the  species  gi'owing  in  it.  In  this  search  for  zonal  limits 
there  are  usually  some  species  that  conform  pretty  closely  to  them 
and  they  become  very  valuable  in  directing  attention  as  we  approach 
the  edges  of  the  zones. 

The  alpine  regions  are  naturally  limited  by  the  upper  edge  of 
trees,  and  should  as  well  include  the  meadows  that  lie  between  the 
tongues  of  trees  commonly  called  subalpine  meadows.  The  great 
forested  region  of  the  west  is  naturally  limited  by  the  spruce,  the  al- 
pine fir  and  for  the  most  part  the  aspen,  and  best  of  all  the  upper 
limit  of  the  sagebrush  and  the  deciduous  oak.  The  forested  region  is 
the  Upper  Temperate  life  zone  of  which  the  Alpine  and  Arctic  form 
only  a  subdivision.  The  great  forested  region  of  deciduous  trees 
does  not  belong  to  the  Upper  Temperate  life  zone,  but  is  mostly  of 
the  Middle  Temperate.  The  Spruce  zone  is  for  the  most  part  a 
region  of  evergreen,  coniferous  forests,  though  the  western  yellow 
pine,  Pinus  ponderosa,  belongs  In  the  Middle  Temperate. 

The  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  is  well  defined  by  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  deciduous  oak,  the  upper  limit  of  the  sagebrush  and  the 
lower  limit  of  the  aspen  in   the  southern  regions. 

The  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  is  well  defined  by  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  white  cedar  or  juniper,  Juniperus  Utahensis,  the  pinon, 
Pinus  monophylla  and  edulis  and  the  Mexican  pinons,  and  also  by 
the  lower  limit  of  the  deciduous  oaks,  ,the  upper  limits  of  the  live 
oaks,  and  the  creosote  (Larrea)  and  mesquit  (Prosopis)  bushes,  as 
well  as  the  lower  limits  of  the  sagebrush. 

The  Tropical  life  zone  is  well  defined  by  the  distribution  of  the 
Creosote  bush,  mesquit,  acacias,  Parkinsonias,  and  barrel  cactuses. 
(Echinocactus)  and  most  of  the  live  oaks.  An  exhaustive  examina- 
tion of  the  flora  (see  Cont.  13)  shows  that  the  Tropical  life  zone  extends 
farther  north  than  is  commonly  supposed. 

A  high  humidity  tends  to  throw  the  lower  limits  of  the  life  zones 
below  normal,  particularly  along  streams,  even  so  far  as  to  go 
completely  through  the  adjoining  zone  where  you  have  species  of  the 
two  zones  almost  side  by  side  in  canons,  the  upper  zone  plants  along 
the  bottom  and  the  lower  zone  plants  along  the  sides.  A  low  humidity 
tends  to  throw  the  upper  limits  of  a  zone  higher  than  normal  as  is 
shown  along  the  exposed  and  dry  slopes  of  mountains,  where  tongues 
of  the  lower  zones  run  far  up  into  the  upper  zone.  These  considera- 
tions have  to  be  noted  in  placing  species  in  their  jiropc^r  life  zone. 
The  accompanying  map  shows  the  life  zones  as  actually  wonted  our 
1:1  the  Great  Plateau. 

Life  zones  were  first  clearly  marked  out  by  Humboldt  and  his 
names  should  stand. 

The  upper  limit  of  the  Tropical  life  zone  is  about  GO  degrees  an- 


32 

naul  temperature,  that  of  the  Lower  Temperate  about  49  degrees,  but 
these  will  vary  with  the  humidity.  The  limits  given  are  for  the  arid 
west. 

The  two  grand  divisions  of  climate  are  Tropical  and  Temperate, 
the  latter  being  divided  into  Lower,  Middle  and  Upper.  The  Tropi- 
cal is  also  divisible  into  Arid  and  Humid,  but  the  arid  is  the  only 
climate  in  our  region,  as  affecting  Astragali. 

As  to  climatic  distribution  of  Astragalus  97  si)ecies  are  Tropical, 
and  of  those  75  grow  exclusively  in  this  zone,  12  only  extending  into 
the  Lower  Temperate,  and  these  mostly  annuals.  In  the  Lower  Tem- 
perate are  122  species  of  which  61  are  exclusive.  In  the  Middle  Tem- 
perate there  are  125  species,  of  which  43  are  exclusive.  The  Upper 
Temperate  has  22  species,  of  which   5  only  are  exclusive. 


UPPER  TEMPERATE  LIFE  ZONE. 

In  Contributions  to  Western  Botany  No.  \?,,  page  46ff.  1  discussed 
the  distribution  of  Great  Plateau  species  of  plants  in  Glacial  times. 
Briefly  stated,  the  vegetation  in  the  Glacial  period  was  forced  far 
south  by  the  advance  of  the  ice  sheet.  (The  Glacial  Period  was 
preceeded  by  a  Teritary  tropical  climate).  There  is  little  likeli- 
hood that  any  part  of  the  United  States  had  a  climate  warmer  than 
the  Middle  Temperate  of  today,  and  then  only  along  the  tip  of  Flori- 
da, while  most  of  the  flora  was  Arctic,  with  a  narrow  strip  of  Middle 
Temperate  flora  in  southern  Arizona  and  which  reached  great  pro- 
portions in  Mexico,  and  another  along  the  California  coast.  It 
was  a  period  of  high  humidity  and  low  temperate,  which  is  hostile 
to  specific  differentiation  necessarily  so  from  the  vast  ice  sheet  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  Atlantic,  and  from  the  great  lake  of  the 
Columbia  Basin  (See  Contributions  No.  14),  and  Lakes  Lahontan  of 
Nevada  and  Bonneville  of  Utah.  The  whole  Columbia  Basin  was  then 
a  sheet  of  water,  and  there  were  about  18,000  s(juare  miles  of  water  in 
Utah,  and  nearly  as  much  in  Nevada,  while  the  mountains  were  almost 
wholly  covered  by  a  sheet  of  perpetual  snow  and  ice.  It  can  be  readily 
seen  that  very  few  species  of  our  present  day  Astragali  could  have 
existed  outside  of  limited  areas  in  central  Mexico,  if  such  areas  existed 
at  all  which  is  very  doubtful.  For  such  a  profound  humidity  through- 
out the  United  States  must  have  transformed  the  entire  arid  region 
of  Mexico  into  fertile  prairies  or  forests,  which  wouUl  have  precluded 
the  existence  of  90  per  cent  of  the  species  of  Astragalus.  Had  the 
genus  any  considerable  development  at  that  time,  particularly  in  the 
line  of  arid  plants,  Mexico  would  now  show  the  greatest  number  of 
species  and  the  most  differentiation,  while  in  fact  its  species  are 
relatively  few  and  confined  mostly  to  the  Micranthi  and  allied  groups 
though  its  diversity  of  climates,  humidity  and  soil  condition  is  greater 
than  in  the  United  States.  This  would  indicate  a  differentiation 
after  the  close  of  the  Glacial  period  and  not  before.  Whether  thes9 
early  Astragali  passed  the  generic  limits  into  Colutea  and  Crotalaria 
etc.  is  not  capable  of  proof,  but  is  unlikely,  since  the  gap  is  too  great. 

Following  the  uniform  rule  the  Arctic  meadows  that  laid  next 
the  ice  sheet  and  extended  from  Ocean  to  Ocean  must  have  formed 
a  broad  area  through  the  southern  States  ot  Missouri  and  Texas  and 
over  the  low  Plains  of  Arizona,  New  Mexico  and  southern  Nevada 
and  around  the  Sierras  into  the  two  big  valleys  of  western  Califor- 
nia, and  into  the  Columbia  Basin  around  Lake  Columbia  which 
then  filled  most  of  the  Basin.     This  was  an   ideal  climate  for  the 


33 

Alpini  and  the  cold  region  Homalobi.  The  Homalobi  must  have 
been  represented  by  A.  campestris  and  montanus,  (both  of  which 
are  alpine  still  in  some  forms),  throughout  as  is  shown  by  their  strand- 
ed occurrence  now  in  isolated  i)laces  from  the  mountains  of  New 
Mexico  and  the  MogoUons  of  Arizona  to  the  Sierras.  A.  tenellus 
followed  a  little  later  along  the  forest  area.  The  Alpini  surely  were 
there  in  A.  andinus,  Labradoricus  and  elegans  which  are  similarly 
but  not  so  widely  distributed.  A.  aboriginum  followed  a  little  later 
alon?;  the  forests,  the  present  alpine  forms  seem  to  be  derivatives 
from  the  lower  altitude  forms,  though  the  type  form  belongs  to  the 
tundra  region  of  the  far  north  and  is  confined  to  it.  This  species 
had  a  wide  distributon  as  is  shown  by  its  occurrence  on  isolated 
peaks  from  Colorado  to  the  Sierras,  but  if  it  ever  reached  far  south  it 
must  now  be  represented  by  the  Strigalosi  in  that  region  and  which 
are  natural  derivatives  from  this  group  or  the  true  Alpini,  as  is  the 
grouii  Atrati,  of  the  central  plateau  region. 

The  Hypoglottides  group  was.  represented  by  A.  agrestis,  a  modi- 
fication of  A.  Hypoglottis  of  Europe,  of  Arctic  and  subalpine  meadows 
as  is  shown  by  distribution  similar  to  that  of  the  Alpini.  Ths  speces 
has  secured  a  tolerance  enablng  it  to  thrive  even  as  low  as  the 
ujiper  limit  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  in  cold  meadows 
throughout  the  Great  Plateau  almost  to  Mexico.  A.  nitidus  seems  to 
be  a  later  offshoot  of  the  dry  Plains  of  the  north  in  Montana  and 
eastward,  and  A.  Austinse  and  the  Chsetodontes  occupy  similar  regions 
in  the  Columbia  Basin  and  the  Sierras,  and  A.  Yukoncnsis  in  the  far 
north. 

The  Debiles  group  seems  to  have  been  there  in  A.  Bourgvovii 
and  polaris  but  the  only  derivatives  now  left  at  the  south  are  A.  deb- 
ilis  and  leptaleus  which  have  a  wide  distribution  but  are  local  or 
rare  in  wet  meadows  and  descending  into  the  Middle  Temperate  life 
zone  from  central  Colorado  to  central  Utah  and  northwestward  to  the 
Columbia  Basin. 

The  presence  of  Arctic  species  in  such  widely  separated  regions 
as  the  alpine  peaks  of  mountains  from  Arizona  northward,  separated 
by  arid  areas,  and  so  remote  from  the  present  Arctic  was  fully  ex- 
plained by  the  pamphlet  of  Gray  and  Hooker  on  their  transcontinen- 
tal trip  in  the  later  seventies,  also  by  me  in  1883  in  the  "Origin  of 
the  Flora  of  the  Great  Basin,"  and  in  Contributions  No.  13,  and  by 
others  later.  The  only  rational  explanation  is  the  one  there  given 
that  of  migration  following  the  close  of  the  Ice  age,  and  is  demon- 
strated by  geological  history  beyond  the  possibility  of  dis])ute.  The 
present  isolation  is  simply  the  invasion  of  a  hotter  climate  due  to 
teological  or  astromomical  changes  which  kill  the  native  vegeta- 
tion and  drive  its  progeny  farther  up  the  mountains  along  with 
'he  climate  to  which  it  is  adai)ted  till  either  the  vegetation  is  all 
killed  by  the  petiks  not  being  high  enough  to  support  a  suitable 
-"limate  or  the  Arctic  growth  is  confined  to  narrow  limits  near  and 
■^t  the  tops.  To  attempt  to  account  for  these  islands  of  Arctic  vegeta- 
''on  on  the  high  peaks  by  bird  and  other  animal  distribution  and 
" "ind  action  is  not  tenable.  The  various  modifications  of  the  high 
■")eak  climates  caused  by  surrounding  aridity  below  is  shown  by  such 
•species  as  A.  Austinse  and  the  Chaetodontes  from  A.  agrestis,  and 
''rom  A.  Bourgovii,  etc. 

The  Inflati  seem  to  have  been  offshoots  of  the  Debiles  during 
he  forest  period  of  the  flo^r  of  the  Gre-U  Basin,  a'ul  were  represented 
'ty  A.  pauciflorus  and  miser.  The  great  characteristic  of  this  group 
's  its  rapid  differentation  as  the  climate  grew  warmer,  and  its 
almost  total  lack  of  differentation   in  the  forest  areas  of  the  north. 


34 

A.  Hookerianus  and  Cottoni  being  almost  the  only  species  of  cold 
climates  (A.  Ciisickii  and  jejunus  are  hot  climate  modifications  of 
the  Hookerianus  branch).  A.  platytropis  is  of  doubtful  origin,  prob- 
ably an  invasion  from  warmer  regions. 

The  present  distribution  of  the  Mollissimi  would  indicate  their 
general  distribution  in  Glacial  time  on  the  plains  of  Mexico  and  this 
would  account  for  the  differentiation  of  the  group  since  then  by  isola- 
tion In  the  mountains,  being  forced  up  from  the  Lower  Temperate 
life  zone  then  prevalent  on  the  plains  to  the  same  zone  now  pre- 
vailing in  the  mountains.  A.  Bigelovii  and  mollissimus  are  the  only 
species  still  prevailing  on  thv  plains. 

The  occurrence  of  A.  nitidus  would  indicate  its  presence  then  on 
far  southern  plains  in  the  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  and  its  dif- 
ferentiation into  the  Uliginosi  at  a  very  early  time.  The  fact  that 
it  does  not  exist  out  of  the  sodded  region  seems  to  indicate  a  lack  of 
access,  barriers,  in  that  region,  (the  Great  Basin  and  Columbia  region) 
but  no  such  barriers  exist,  though  its  congener  A.  agrestis  is  freely 
distributed  there.  The  explanation  is  found  in  the  narrow  soil 
adaptabiity  of  the  species,  it  will  grow  in  moist  me.-^idows.  or 
anywhere  but  in  the  peculiar  free  drainage  and  small  rainfall  of  the 
plains,  which  conditions  are  not  found  in  the  Great  Basin.  This  is 
shown  again  by  the  great  dissimilarity  in  the  species  of  the  same 
zone  under  apparently  similar  conditions,  and  in  the  absence  of 
many  such  species  in  the  Sierras,  which  indicates  a  much  greater 
climatic  diversity  than  appears  on  a  casual  inspection.  This  is  easily 
understood  on  inspection  of  the  rainfall  curve  which  shows  a  great 
lack  in  summer  rainfall  in  the  region  west  of  the  sodded  area  where 
though  the  annual  amount  is  the  same,  the  bulk  falls  in  the  summer  in 
the  podded  area  and  in  the  winter  (out  of  the  growing  season)  in 
the  Pacific   drainage. 

The  total  Arctic  and  alpine  species  are  eight.  The  meager  nv^i- 
ber  of  species  in  all  genera  and  their  close  relation  to  those  of  the 
forest  area  do  not  permit  the  separation  of  this  treeless  region  from 
the  other,  except  as  a  subdivision  of  the  Upper  Temperate  life  zone 
as  a  whole. 

The  Upper  Temperate  life  zone,  also  called  the  spruce  zone  which 
extends  from  the  treeless  regions  at  the  north  to  the  deciduous  oaks 
and  the  upper  limit  of  the  sagebrush,  and  (in  Colorado  and  the 
Great  Basin)  the  lower  limit  of  the  aspen,  must  have  disappeared 
from  the  plains  of  Arizona  and  northern  Mexico  giving  way  to 
prairies,  and  fringed  the  Mogollon  slopes  and  the  low^er  Sierra  foot 
ard  higher  plains  as  (fhe  /  rntic  flora  climbed  the  mountains  on  the 
gradual  recession  of  the  Ice  Age.  The  forest  flora  covered  the  plains 
region  from  Kansas  eastward.  The  wet  rreadows  and  similar  open 
spaces  and  the  rocky  regions  were  the  only  places  where  Astragali 
could  thrive.  The  modified  ff^rms  of  A.  campestris  and  montanus 
evidently  grew  on  the  rocks.  The  new  form  coming  in  and  adapted 
to  the  forests  A.  tenellns  is  cosmopolitan  and  must  have  come  in 
at  this  time  as  shown  by  its  present  distribution.  It  was  a  marked 
deviation  from  the  campestris  type  though  not  a  greajt  one  and 
presages  the  Inflati  in  A.  pauciflorus  which  dries  black  in  the  same 
way  and  is  not  far  removed  from  it  genetically. 

At  this  time  the  Alpini  show  differentiation  in  A.  elegans,  abori- 
ginum    and    Americanus,    forms    adapted    to    the    forest    areas. 

MIDDLE   TEMPERATE    LIFE   ZONE 

With  the  advent  of  the  Middle  Temjjerate  climate  from  the  south 
climbing  over  the  southern  slopes  of  the  Great  Basin  and  rejilacing  the 
dense  forests  with  oaks  and  open  parks  and  i)rairies  and  supple- 
mented by  the  mountain  barriers  and  hot  lower  regions  as  barriers 
there  arose  many  isolated  areas  with  peculiar  climates  suitable  for 
plant  differentiation.     The  regions  of  Arizona,  southern   Nevada  and 


35 

California  replaced  the  oaks  with  junipers,  pinons,  and  sagebrush. 
What  was  the  Middle  Temperate  flora  of  the  Arizona  and  Mexican 
plains  while  the  Spruce  flora  filled  the  Great  Basin  region,  never  will 
be  known,  but  this  much  we  know,  there  was  little  plant  differentia- 
tion. A.  argophyllus  seems  to  have  branched  off  the  Flexuosi.  A. 
mollissimus  and  Humboldtii  represented  the  Mollissimi;  A.  nitidus 
the  Hypoglottides;  A.  Canadensis  the  Uliginosi,  bu't  none  of  these 
seem  to  have  differentiated  farther,  since  all  the  changes  seem  to 
have  come  later  when  this  flora  had  ascended  the  mountains  of 
Mexico  and  the  Great  Basin.  Probably  the  Alpini  were  replaced  by 
the  Strigulosi,  for  the  Strigulosi  do  not  occur  northward.  It  is  prob- 
able that  the  Debiles  branched  from  the  Homalobi  at  this  time,  for 
these  plants  belong  rather  to  the  wet  meadows  of  the  Middle  Tem- 
perate than  higher.  At  the  same  time  the  Plains  region  seems  to  have 
seen  the  origin  of  the  Flexuosi  and  the  first  of  the  Hamosi  and  Mi- 
cranthi.  There  is  goi  d  evidence  that  the  Homalobi  expanded  at  this 
time  in  the  junceus  group,  but  the  great  change  in  the  group  did 
not  occur  till  the  Middle  Temperate  flora  occupied  the  Great  Basin 
and  the  flanks  of  the  Mogollons  and  Sierras  as  is  shown  by  present 
distribution.  The  great  fresh  water  lakes  of  the  Great  Basin  and 
Columbia  region  began  to  dry  up  at  this  time,  and  the  oncoming  alka- 
linity put  an  end  to  the  acid  soils  of  the  forests  and  of  the  forests  them- 
selves and  all  that  flora.  The  spruce  area  now  was  confined  to  the 
lower  mountain  slopes  and  higher  valleys  of  the  Great  Basin  and  to 
the  Idaho  region  and  the  middle  slopes  of  Colorado.  The  drying  up  of 
the  great  lakes  put  an  end  to  the  water  distribution  from  the  Wasatch 
to  the  Sierras  and  from  Western  Montana  to^  the  Cascades,  a  feature 
so  characteristic  of  the  water  period,  and  for  the  first  time  the  ele- 
ment of  barriers  began  to  be  felt  in  east  and  west  distribution,  and 
became  more  prominent  as  the  aridity  progressed.  That  the  Middle 
Temperate  flora  was  differentiated  somewhat  since  the  Lower  Tem- 
perate has  crowded  it  off  the  floor  of  the  Great  Basin  and  up  the  ad- 
jacent mountains  is  evident,  but  there  is  little  evidence  of  any  change 
at  the  north.  A.  campestris  has  given  way  to  simplicifolius,  sericoleu- 
cus,  triphyllus  and  forms  of  montanus  on  the  Plains,  and  in  the  Mogol- 
lon  region  to  A.  humillimus  and  humistratus  and  the  latter  species 
has  even  invaded  the  southern  flanks  of  the  Great  Basin.  A.  simplici- 
folius has  spread  through  western  Wyoming  to  the  edge  of  the  Great 
Basin  and  covered  the  lower  flanks  of  the  Uintas  on  both  slopes,  on 
the  sou\th  slope  a  new  form  appears  in  A.  detritalis.  A.  montanus 
has  become  adapted  to  almost  every  form  of  climate  prevailing  in 
the  Great  Basin  in  its  various  varieties,  growing  even  in  the  edge  of 
.the  Tropical.  A.  junceus  has  split  up  in  the  Sierras  into  Californl- 
cus  and  inversus;  and  in  the  Navajo  Basin  into  Duchesnensis  and  Col- 
toni  and  which  also  run  down  inito  the  Lower  Temperate  with  other 
derivatives  such  as  Episcopus  and  Woodruffi.  A  new  form  A.  steno 
phyllus  presaging  the  Collini  has  come  in  on  the  northwest  of  the 
Great  Bnsin  and  throughout  the  Columbia  region.  A.  montanus  seems 
to  have  had  another  offshoot  in  the  Columbia  region  In  A.  tegetarioi- 
des.  The  long  continued  isolation  due  to  bnrriers,  the  climatic  changes, 
sparseness  of  vegetation  and  absence  of  crowding,  and  struggle  to  har- 
UKinize  with  increasing  alkalinity  and  temperature  h.'is  produced  many 
new  forma,  'i  he  Navajo  B;is:n  the  newest  geologically  h;<d  its  floor 
covered  by  this  flora,  but  it  has  been  replaced  today  by  the  Ixjwer 
Temperate,  and  the  Middle  Temperate  flora  fills  a  narrow  strip  around 
the  rim.  The  same  is  tn)"  rf  the  floor  of  thp  Gre-^t  Basin  as  a  whole 
except  at  the  extreme  north.  The  localization  (i'  the  Middle  Tem- 
perate flora  indicates  that  most  of  the  species  originated  since  the 
present  period  of  aridity  came  on,  it  is  therefore  not  possible  to  sep-  ' 


36 

M.rite  the  former  flora  of  the  f^oor  of  the  two  basins  frc-ni  the  present 
except  by  the  present  isolation  of  species.  The  distribution  of  A.  ci- 
barius  and  Shortianus  would  indicate  an  early  origin.  The  wide  and 
p.lrrost  cosmopolitan  distribution  of  A.  lentiginosus  would  point  to  .1 
very  onr)''-  origin  but  this  is  only  apparent  as  the  nature  of  the  pods 
is  sich  that  wind  transportation  is  sufficient  to  account  for  it,  while 
all  its  affinities  and  its  development  would  indicate  an  ori9;in  much 
later  In  the  Lower  Temperate  from  which  it  has  spread  to  the  Middle 
Temperate.  There  are  many  instances  of  similar  invasions  by  other 
species.  A.  Hookerianus  now  grows  freely  in  the  Middle  Temperate 
life  zone  though  its  home  was  in  the  spruce  zone.  The  same  is  true  of 
A.  aboriginum,  a  plant  now  normally  of  the  Middle  Temperate  which 
came  from  the  spruce  zone.  The  Astragaline  flora  of  the  grerl 
Plains  region  to  the  Atlantic  is  of  little  interest,  the  climate  being 
that  of  latitude  only,  presenting  none  of  the  divisions  so  marked  in  the 
Great  Plateau  due  to  barriers  of  mountains  and  arid  plains  and  great 
differences  in  humidity,  as  well  as  soil  conditions.  There  is  nothing 
in  the  flora  to  indicate  ancient  origin  of  the  few  new  forms.  A.  neg- 
leotus  may  have  been  an  offshoot  of  Canadensis,  early  or  late.  A. 
Plattensis  and  Tennesseensis  are  manifestly  late  modifications  of  the 
Sarcocarpi.  A.  distortus  and  glaber  are  evidently  products  of  a 
hotter  climate  than  the  Middle  Temperate  and  probably  are  related 
to  the  Hamosi.  This  region  alone  furnishes  abundant  evidences  that 
the  so  much  vaunted  struggle  for  existence  by  crowding  is  a  myth. 
Astragalus  is  a  genus  of  sunlight  and  open  air,  a  genus  of  hills  and 
exposed  rocks,  meadows,  prairies,  plains  and  drifting  sands.  .  Crowd- 
ing alters  its  habits  but  not  its  species.  .  It  is  a  genus  essentially  of 
the  sodless  regions  of  the  west. 

The  disappearance  of  the  continental  ice  sheet  was  clearly  caused 
by  elevation  of  the  Arctic  lands  shutting  off  the  water  at  the  north 
and  by  a  change  in  the  Ocean  currents  of  the  Pacific.  This  at  the  same 
time  shut  off  the  moisture  from  the  Great  Basin  and  the  Columbia 
region,  but  the  latter  lake  was  drained  by  erosion  as  well,  following 
the  close  of  the  Ice  age,  the  Great  Basin  was  not,  but  was  a  clear 
case  of  advancing  aridity.  The  disappearance  of  such  vast  bodies 
of  water  as  that  of  the  Columbia  Lake  and  the  two  great  lakes  La- 
hontan  and  Bonneville,  each  about  18,000  sq.  miles  would  have  a 
profound  effect  on  the  climate,  and  at  last  ceased  to  have  an  appre- 
ciable effect  in  increasing  the  natural  humidity  of  the  region.  This 
necessitated  the  extinction  of  the  Middle  Temperate  flora  from  the 
floor  of  the  Great  Basin  and  the  Invasion  from  the  south  of  the  Ix)wer 
Temperate.  This  resulted  in  the  replacement  of  the  spruce  flora  of 
all  the  region  north  of  Utah  by  the  Middle  Tempernte  nearly  as  far 
as  the  Canadian  line,  and  the  extinction  of  the  Middle  Temperate 
flora  throughout  the  Great  Basin,  sr-me  of  the  Colmbia  Basin,  and 
the  Navajo  Basin  as  to  the  floor  of  those  basins.  This  formed  many 
isolated  regions  in  the  mountains  of  the  Great  Basin,  and  caused 
the  flora  to  disappear  on  all  the  lower  mountain  ranges  in  the  Basin 
at  the  south  and  In  New  Mexico.  Arizona,  Mexico  and  California. 
Our  knowledge  of  the  floral  migrations  of  Mexico  is  meager,  bnt  we 
know  that  the  Middle  Temperate  flora  has  entirely  disappeared  ex- 
cept in  isolated  places  in  the  Sierra  Madre  plateau,  and  on  the  volca- 
noes of  central  Mexico  and  southward  at  high  elevations.  The 
true  Upper  Temperate  flora  never  seems  to  have  existed  in  Mexico  at 
all  since  what  there  is  is  clearly  a  modification  of  the  Middle  Temperate 
Now  in  Mexico  not  only  the  Middle  Temperate  has  been  replaced  by 
the  Lower  Temperate  but  even  this  has  for  the  most  part  given  way 
to  the  arid  Tropical  except  on  higher  ranges  and  peaks.  Geological 
evidence  is  clear  that  this  period  of  aridity  has  been  at  least  10,000 
years  old  since  the  erosion  of  the  old  Bonneville  beaches  would  in- 


37 

rticate  at  least  that  long  a  time  since  the  pericd  began. 

The  almost  universal  distribution  of  Middle  Temperate  species 
as  a  whole  could  be  largely  accounted  for  by  bird  migration  and  wind 
(1  stribution  because  almost  every  mountain  range  has  a  larger  or 
smaller  area  of  this  flora  along  its  flanks  and  the  ranges  are  for  the 
most  part  west  of  the  Wasatch  about  twenty  miles  apan.,  and  for 
the  most  part  parallel  north  and  south,  while  the  great  Uintah 
.c..ige  ends  on  to  'the  Wasatch  like  the  shank  of  the  letter  "T."  But 
vvben  v.e  come  tO'  study  the  species  by  groups  we  find  they  clearly 
show  origin  by  difforentiation  of  primai'y  forms.  The  present  distri- 
bution is  also  a  matter  of  water  transportation  by  means  of  the  great 
lakes  Lahontan,  Bonneville,  and  Columbia.  The  similarity  of  forms 
of  the  Wasatch  to  those  of  the  east  base  of  the  Sierras  on  the  old 
shore  lines  is  noticeable,  as  is  that  of  the  Bitterroot  and  Flathead 
region  of  western  Montana  to  the  east  base  of  the  Cascades.  A.  Utah- 
ensis  occurs  along  the  old  shore  lines  in  the  Sierras  and  Wasatch, 
and  A.  Gibbsii  and  collinus  have  similar  distribution  in  the  Flathead- 
Cascade  regions.  This  similarity  is  still  more  noticeable  in  other 
genera  such  as   Allium   and   Lupinus. 

From  geological  evidence  we  know  that  the  Middle  Temperate 
climate  persisted  a  long  time  in  the  West,  and  was  displaced  only 
by  the  drying  up  of  the  lakes.  Then  it  migrated  a  little  farther  north 
after  abandoning  the  floor  of  the  basins  and  invading  parts  of  Wyo- 
ming, Idaho  and  Montana,  and  extended  to  the  Saskatchewan  on  the 
the  Plains.  For  the  same  reason  it  ascended  toward  the  tops  of  the 
higher  ranges  of  Arizona  and  Mexican  regions.  It  still  persisted  in 
the  Sandias,  Mogollons,  Catalinas,  Santa  Ritas  and  Huachucas,  and 
even  covered  the  tops  of  the  Sierra  Madres  of  Chihuahua  and  formed 
broad  belts  on  the  Volcanoes  of  central  Mexico. 

In  the  eastern  and  Atlantic  regions  the  only  representatives  of 
the  Middle  Temperate  are  the  Uliginosi  and  a  very  few  Argophylli  and 
Sarcocarpi.  The  Plains  region  has  A.  montanus,  triphyllus,  lotiflorua, 
crassicarpus,  Missouriensis,  Plattensis  and  moUissimus.  The  Colo- 
rado-New Mexican  region  in  the  mountains  has  of  the  Homalobi  such 
species  as  campestris,  junceus,  montanus,  tenellus,  simplicifolius  in 
the  north  and  humistratus  and  humillimus  at  the  south.  Of  the  Deb- 
iles  A.  leptaleus  and  debilis  are  in  the  mountain  meadows  and  ex- 
tending over  to  the  west,  and  sparsiflorus  in  the  Colorado^  region. 
Of  other  groups  A.  aboriginum  and  andinus  are  in  the  mountains  loti- 
florus  and  pectinatus  on  the  Plains,  megacerpus  in  the  western  moun- 
tains, nitidus  on  the  Plains,  agrestis  in  cold  meadows,  parviflorus 
O'n  the  plains,  Flexuosi  there  also  and  in  the  foothills  with  gracilen- 
tus  at  the  south,  Misso'uriensis  and  Platettensis  are  on  the  Plains,  and 
Parryanus  and  Shortianus  in  the  foothills  with  Feensis  at  the 
Bouth.     The  Uliginosi  are  cosmopolitan. 

Tile  Montana-idaho-Wyoming-Britisli  American  region  has  a  good 
assortment  of  Homalobi  as  was  to  be  expected,  those  already  named 
including  A.  sericoleucus:  It  also  has  the  Triphylli  and  Debiles:  the 
Inflati  have  pauciflorus  and  miser;  the  Alpini.  A.  aboriginum  and  an- 
dinus. A.  lotiflorus  is  on  the  Plains.  A.  pectinatus  and  Grayi  repre- 
sent the  Podo-sclerocarpi.  The  Uliginosi  have  A.  Canadensis,  termina- 
lis  and  Oreganus.  The  Hypolottides  are  there.  A.  flexuosus  is  there. 
The  Argophylli  have  cibarius,  inflexus,  Missouriensis  and  argophyllua. 
A.  crassicarpus  represents  the  Crassicarpi.  There  is  A.  bisulcatus. 
The   Galegiformes   have    Drummondii   and    racemosus. 

The  Columbia  Basin  region  has  the  usual  Homalobi  and  steno- 
phyllus:  the  Debiles  have  Bourgovii,  debilis  and  leptaleus;  the  Inflati 
have  besides  those  named  A.  Craigi,  diurnus  and  lentiginosus.  There 
are  the  usual  Alpini.  There  are  the  Collini.  There  is  A.  Beckwithii. 
accidens    and    Alvordensis.      There    are    the    Reventi-Arrecti]      There 


38 

ts  A.  Canadensis.  A.  agrestis.  The  Ch£Etodontes  are  there  except 
Brauiitoni.  The  Argophylli  have  argophyllus,  cibarius,  inflexus,  Utah- 
ensis,  Purshii.  There  are  A.  atratus  and  Salmonis,  malacus  bisulcatus, 
crassicarpus.  The  Hamosi  have  sylvaticus,  Mulforda),  HowelU,  dre- 
!  anolobus,  Arthur!. 

The  Eastern  Great  Basin  region  has  the  usual  Homalobi  and 
humistratus;  also  A.  debilis,  jejunus,  serpens,  andinus,  Canadensis, 
ngrcsiis,  nie?;acari)us  and  Brandegei.  The  Argophylli  have  argo- 
phyllus, cibarius,  Utahensis,  Purshii.  The  Galegiformes  Drummondii 
;ind  scopulonim.  the  latter  a  late  immigrant.  There  is  A.  calycosus. 
The  Western  Great  Basin  has  in  addition  to  these  given  A.  platytropis, 
stenophyllus,  tegetarioides,  aboringum  and  obscurus. 

The  Mogollc-n  region  has  among  the  Homalobi  A.  humillimus 
montamis  and  humistratus;  also  gracilentus,  mollissimus.  Feensis, 
Phoenicia. 

The  Sierra  region  has  among  the  Homalobi  Californicus,  inversus 
and  stenoi^hvllus  and  campestris.  There  are  also  A.  Hookerianus, 
Bolanderi.  platytropis.  obscurus,  Canadensis  agrestis,  Austina-..  The 
Argophylli  have  Webberi,  iodanthus,  Utahensis  and  Purshii.  The 
iiamosi  have  Congdoni,  Andersoni,  sylvaticus,  lentiformis  and  Lemmoni. 

The  Mexican  plateaus  and  Arizona  region  have  on  the  peaks  few 
Bpecies.  There  are  A.  humistratus,  Hartwegi,  militaris  and  strigul- 
osus  in  the  border,  and  farther  south  the  Strigulosi  and  Mollissimi 
abound  on  the  plateaus,  and  the  Flexuosi  are  scarce. 

The  total  Middle  Temperate  species  are  121  or  28  per  cent  of  the 
whole. 

The  lower  Temperate  climate  which  has  prevailed  throughout 
the  floor  of  the  Great  plateau  at  the  south  except  in  the  Arizona  region 
since  the  drying,  up  of  the  great  lakes  has  isolated  the  Middle  Tem- 
peraif'  on  the  mountain  slopes  and  exterminated  it  on  all  the  lovrer 
ranges  at  the  south,  there  being  little  left  of  this  life  zone  south  of 
the  M;.2-''!!ons.  There  is  a  little  in  lower  California  on  the  San  Pedro 
Martir.  and  in  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains  California,  besides  the 
large  area  in  the  Sinrra  Madrps  mentioned.  The  floor  of  the  Great 
Plateau  north  and  northwest  from  Cache  valley  Utah  to  the  Blue 
mountains,  and  northeastward  to  the  Saskatchewan  is  Middle  Temper- 
■^te,  hilt  the  Astr.^g^line  flora  is  meager.  This  is  another  confirmation 
of  the  fact  that  a  cool  climate  and  moderate  humidity  are  not  con- 
ducive to  species  differentiation.  Over  half  of  the  Middle  Temperate 
species  are  the  products  of  isolated  areas  at  the  south,  v/hile  many 
species  at  the  north  are  Spruce  zone  plants  that  have  acquired  a 
Middle  Temperate  tolerance,  such  as  A.  agrestis,  andinus,  elegans, 
aboriginura,   montanus,   tenellus,  Hookerianus,  Bourgovii. 

LOWER  TEMPERATE  LIFE  ZONE. 

The  extinction  of  the  Middle  Temperate  flora  on  the  floor  of  the 
Great  Plateau,  as  far  south  as  the  upper  limits  of  Utah,  by  the  lower 
Temperate  has  left  a  vast  area  with  inunmerab'o  nnd  isolated  climatic 
regions  differing  greatly  in  humidity,  soil  and  exposure,  and  p.dmivably 
suited  to  varied  plant  forms  and  therefore  the  species  of  Astragal'i?; 
are  the  most  numerous  of  any  life  zone.  In  Glacial  times  if  thore 
was  any  such  area  at  all  it  must  have  been  far  south  in  the  Irapnato- 
Guadalajara  region  of  central  Mexico.  That  there  could  hardly  have 
been  such  a  region  is  forced  upon  us  by  the  character  of  the  species 
and  their  distribution.  A.  Bigelovii,  Humboldtii  and  mollissimus  of 
of  the  Mollissimi;  A.  racemosus.  Hartwegi,  Nuttalliauus  and  triflor;? 
are  the  only  species  with  anything  like  general  distribution,  while  all 
but  the  last  two  are  of  Middle  Temperate,  and  the  last  of  Tropical 
origin.     The  great  diversity  of  the   species   from  Arizona  northward 


39 

shows  that  they  are  manifestily  variably  localized  forms  of  recent 
'origin  and  with  no  Mexican  connection.  Take  for  example  the  species 
of  the  Navajo  Basin.  The  exclusive  species  are  A.  Coltoni  and  its 
forms  (though  this  occurs  sporadically  even  afe  far  as  Pioche),  de- 
tritalis,  Duchesnensis,  Kaibensis,  Episcopus,  forms  of  junceus  and 
moutanus,  sesquiflorus,  Wingatensis.  The  Inflati  have  lutosus,  puben- 
lissimus,  Wetherilli,  while  subcinereus,  Waidi  and  metacarpus  are 
;iearly  local,  and  only  Geyeri,  lentiginos  is,  pictus,  oojjhorus  and 
s-abulonum  are  at  all  widely  distributed.  Of  the  Preussii  ampullarius, 
r  3C  epif doides,  Pat*-v.-soni  sabulosus  and  Preu3;>ii  are  most  local 
and  only  Pattersor.i  passes  its  borders  a  little,  and  Preussii  only 
has  any  considerable  distribution  in  the  the  Great  Basin.  A.  Mortoni 
is  generally  distributed,  A.  Brandegei  and  straturensis  are  local. 
These  are  not  of  the  Preussii.  Of  the  Argaphylli  A.  cymboides,  des- 
peratiis  and  Musiniensis  are  local,  pygmasus  nearly  go  extends  to  the 
Mogollons,  while  Utahensis  and  Purshii  cover  the  region  to  the 
Sierras.  Of  the  Mollissimi  A.  Bigelovii  alone  extends  through  to 
eastern  Nevada  and  southward.  Of  the  Ocreati  every  species  is  local 
except  confertiflorus  which  runs  up  into  the  Green  River  Basin.  Of 
the  Bisulcati  A.  Osterhouti  only  is  local,  and  Haydenianus  extends 
only  to  central  Nevada.  Of  the  Lonchocarpi  the  single  type  species 
extends  only  to  central  Nevada.  Of  the  Hamosi  A.  ('alycosus  extends 
throughout  the  Great  Plateau.  Out  of  the  forty  seven  species  twenty 
six  are  local  and  half  the  rest  are  only  slightly  extra-limital,  and  only 
two  or  three  go  to  the  Arizona  deserts. 

Of  the  Green  River  Basin  (to  the  north  of  the  Uintas)  there  is  one 
exclusive  species  A.  Grayi. 

The  species  of  the  Great  Basin  show  siniillar  localization.  Out  of 
its  thirty  nine  species  and  about  twenty  varieties  A.  serpens  of  the 
Inflati  is  local;  of  the  Podo-sclerocarpi  Casei,  pterocapus,tetrapterus. 
Serenoi,  Toanus  are  local;  of  the  Inflati  Beckwithii  is  uearly  local. 
Of  other  groups  are  forms  of  arrectus  ati-atus,  pinonis,  iodantus. 
malacus.  Anderson!  are  exclusive  or  nearly  so,  or  abuot  fifteen  out 
of  forty  seven  forms,  while  nearly  a  dozen  more  are  only  a  little 
extra-limital. 

In  the  Columbia  Basin  A.  speirocarpus,  sclerocarpus,  inflexus  and 
succumbens  are  local  out  of  fourteen  species. 

In  the  Rio  Grande  region  only  Feensis  and  oocalycis  are  Ic^cal. 
due  to  lack  of  barriers. 

In  the  Mogolion  plateau  region  the  Homalobi  have  A.  Gilensis 
as  an  exclusive;  the  Inflati  have  nutans,  allochrous,  Palmeri,  Thur- 
beri;  the  Lotiflori  A.  accumbens.  Other  groups  have  Cobrensis,  re- 
curvus,  remulcus,  Phoenicis,  funereus,  coccineus,  ensiformis,  Arizonicus. 

The  Sierra  Madre  region  has  scalaris  and  Goldmani  as  exclusives. 

In  the  Plains  region  the  only  exclusives  are  lotiflorus,  anisus, 
pectinatus  and  parviflorus. 

The  eastren  region  has  villosus,  Tennesseensis,  distortus  and 
possibly  glaber  as  exclusives. 

The  Sierra  region  has  few  exclusives  such  as  bicristatus,  pachypus, 
Bernardinus,  with  Andersoni  and  Gibbsii  nearly  so.  The  total  species 
in  this  life  zone  are  152  or  35  per  cent  of  the  whole. 

This  life  zone  ocupying  the  center  of  the  Great  Plateau  has  barely 
got  a  footing  in  the  center  of  the  Columbia  Basin  and  extends  but 
little  north  of  Pueblo  Colorado.  At  the  south  it  has  been  exterminated 
at  all  elevations  below  3,00o  'jt.  in  the  Utah-Nevada  region,  and  at 
all  elevations  below  4000  ft.  in  the  Arizona  region,  the  Tropical  takin-? 
its  place.  This  has  resulted  in  broad  fringes  around  nearly  all  the 
mountain  ranges  at  the  south   and   limited  by   live  oaks. 


40 


TROPICAL    LIFE    ZONE. 

The  Tropical  life  zone  has  displaced  the  Lower  Temperate 
Ihroughoat  the  floor  of  the  Great  Plateau  from  Albuquerque,  New 
Mexico  southward,  from  the  head  of  the  Colorado  in  a  narrow  strip 
to  the  south  of  the  Grand  canon,  from  Springdale,  Utah,  along  the 
Rio  Grande  and  westward  through  the  low  valleys  of  Nevada  to  the 
■ierras  neai-  Harv.thornn.  Nevada.  It  also  occupies  the  floor  of  the 
two  great  valleys  of  California,  and  the  Coast  line  trom  near  Mendocino 
southward.  It  is  clearly  an  immigrant  fro.m  far  southward  as  its 
localized  flora  shows.  The  Asltragaline  flora  is  practically  all  of  the 
arid  Tropical  division.  Its  120  species  or  28  per  cent  of  the  whole 
would  seem  to  indicate  fi  period  of  great  'lUTerontiation  but  when 
we  consider  that  the  break  between  the  Tropical  and  Temperate 
floras  is  an  enormous  one,  far  greater  than  any  other  divisions,  we 
see  that  Astragalus  has  not  kept  pace  with  other  genera,  but  its 
differentiation  is  insignificant  considering  the  opportunities  for  change. 
A  hot  climate  and  varying  humidity  are  ideal  for  plant  differentiation. 
Had  Astragalus  had  any  wide  pre-glacial  distribution  at  the  south 
the  Tropical  life  zone  would  have  shown  many  times  the  species 
that  the  Temperate  ones  show.  On  the  other  hand  everything 
shows  that  what  Tropical  species  we  have  are  derivatives  from  the 
cold  climates,  and  their  offshoots.  The  only  cosmopolitan  species 
are  A.  lentiginosus  and  Nuttallianus  whose  distribution  is  mostly 
affected  by  wind  movement.  The  majority  of  the  species  are  annuals 
and  belong  to  the  higher  groups. 

At  the  nonth  most  of  the  species  are  those  that  belong  in  the 
Ixjwer  Temperate  life  zone  but  extend  down  into  the  Tropical  such 
as  A.  Episcopus,  sabulonum,  triquetrus,  Preussii,  tephrodes,  Zionis, 
amphioxys,  Arizonicus. 

Along  the  central  floor  of  the  region  we  find  A.  aridus,  sabulonum, 
rarious  forms  of  lentiginosus,  Mohavonsis,  Preussii,  Panamintensis, 
atratus  var.,  coccineus,  tephrodes,  albens.  acut5ros^tris,  dispermus 
and   didymocarpus. 

The  Mojave  region  adds  A.  Vaseyi,  limatus. 

The  Texsr,  region  has  leptocarpus,  giganteus,  Wrightii,  Brazoensis, 
Lindheimeri. 

The  Californian  valleys  have  a  peculiar  flora  due  to  the  proximity 
to  the  Ocean,  mostly  forms  of  the  Inflati,  though  some  Isolated  forms 
occur  such  as  A.  tricarinatus  an  inland  form,  Antiselli,  pychnostachyus 
of  the  salt  marshes  and  Brauntoni  near  by,  with  A.  Hornii.  The  dry 
TRlleys  have  capillipes,  curvipes  Douglasii,  leucophyllus,  leucopsis, 
macrcdon.  Miguelensis,  oxyphysus,  Pomonensis,  trichopodus,  vestituts 
of  the  Inflati.  The  Preussii  have  oocarpus.  The  Hamosi  have  Traskias, 
Nevinii,  didymocarpus,  dispermus  and  nigrescens. 

Th2  Mexican  region  has  Pasqualensis,  Pueblae,  quinqueflorus,  Doug- 
lasii, Jr:Iian;!3,  leucopsis,  Miguelensis,  Magdalenae,  proriferus.  vestitus, 
metanus.  triflorus,  circumdatus,  reptans,  Rosei.  Guatamalonsis,  Anton- 
inus, Orizab£e,  orthaiithus,  Arizonicus,  Coahuilas,  Orcuttianus,  Fran- 
cisquetensis,  leptocarpus,  Nuttallianus,  nothoxys,  Chapalanus,  Esper- 
enzsB,  orvoides,  Greggii,  hypoleucus,  hypoxylus,  Luisianus.  parvus. 
Pringlei,  Purijusi.  Schaffneri,  Saltonis,  didymocarpus,  Ang(>linus  and 
fliphacus.  Th  life  zones  of  half  these  species  are  not  clearly  made 
out  and  may  belong  higher  in  the  Lower  Temperate  or  even  some  in 
the  Middle  Temperate.  The  forms  which  occur  only  on  the  Lower 
California  coast  are  Douglasii,  Julianus,  leucopsis,  Magdalenas,  prori- 
ferus, vestitus,  Insularis,  metanus,  Hornii,  cirmumdatus,  Orcuttianus, 
Francisquetensis. 


41 
BARRIERS. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  only  the  "Wasatch^  TJintaa  and 
Kocky  Mountains  and  southern  Arizona  floor  were  above  the  Ocean  at 
■  0!'  north  in  i)re-Tertiary  times.  Then  the  whole  Plateau  was  el» 
vated.  The  great  Plains  emerged.  The  Navajo  Basin  was  drained. 
The  lofty  i iateau  of  the  Great  Basin  dropped  many  thouixands  of  f'.'et 
to  its  present  elevation  and  all  its  valleys  drained  to  the  Colorado. 
The  ercsicn  of  the  Colorado  tilted  up  the  southern  end  of  the  Great 
Basin  till  the  Colorado  drainage  ceased  and  the  Basin  filled  up 
with  tvo  vnst  lakes,  Lahontan  on  the  west  and  Bonneville  on  th» 
east.     The  Columbia  region  was  filled  by  Lake  Columbia. 

These  facts  had  an  important  bearing  on  the  later  distribution 
of  the  flora  of  the  Great  Plateau,  from  the  Rockies  to  the  Sierras. 

Toward  the  close  of  the  Ice  age  there  was  easy  access  of  plants 
from  the  east  and  we:it  as  far  south  as  central  Utah  along  the  Uin- 
tas,  through  lakes  Bonneville  and  Lahontan  to  the  Sierras,  and 
from  the  Yellowstone  region  to  the  edge  of  the  Columbia  lake  along 
the  present  Snak'.^  river  valley  which  was  an  arm  of  that  lake  at 
that  time,  and  from  there  to  the  Cascades  by  water  trausportatioa. 
The  Rocky  Mountains  also  at  the  south  swung  round  by  continuous 
flora  from  New  Mexico  by  the  Mogollons  to  the  Kaibab  and  nortti- 
ward  along  the  Wasatch  Plateau  to  the  Bonneville  region.  It.  v/as 
only  at  the  close  of  (the  great  lakes  perioid  that  the  element  of 
barriers   became  at   all    effective   in   stoppage  of  plant  migration. 

LOCAL    FLORAS. 

Local  floras,  a  comprehensive  name  for  plant  formations,  often 
containing  many  minor  plant  formations,  are  caused  by  barrien 
which  may  be  temperature,  humi'lity,  alkalinity,  acidity,  light  or 
soil,  or  mountain  chains,  wind  mnvpments  and  the  like. 

In  1895  I  published  in  my  pl-:nt  schedules  a  complete  list  of 
these  local  floral  regions  in  all  the  life  zones,  of  the  Great  Plateau. 

As  I  have  stated  humidity  is  the  greatest  factor  in  determining 
plant  formations  and  local   floras. 

The  Great  Plateau  is  readily  divisible  into  faur  well  marked 
groups.  The  Rocky  Mountain  region  which  extends  from  Santa  Fe 
New  Mexico  along  the  Atlantic  watershed  to  the  far  north;  The  Paci- 
fic slope  region  extending  from  Central  Montana  westvv-ard  and 
southward  to  the  Ocean  and  the  Mogollons;  the  Pncific  Coast  region 
from  San  Francisco  southward;  The  Albuquerque  and  the  Arizona-Mexi- 
can plateau  region  from  the  lower  Colorado  to  Texas  and  southward. 
The  first  is  a  region  of  spring  and  early  summer  rains,  the  so*dded 
area,  and  extends  to  the  Atlantic.  The  second  is  the  region  of  win- 
ter rains  fnd  midsummer  showers  or  none,  the  sodless  region. 
The  fourth  is  the  region  of  fall  and  late  summer  rains.  The  third 
is  the  region  cf  winter  rains.  All  these  general  floras  are  remarkably 
distinct. 

Each  on'^  nf  these  grand  divisions  Is  readily  separable  into 
subdivisions    according    to    conditions. 

I  will  ^.nke  up  a  few  of  the  more  important  here. 

The  NavTiio  Basin  is  the  most  imique  of  rll  loc.il  floras.  It  wa» 
the  floor  of  n  very  snlt  Inland  sea  in  the  Jurassic  which  became  les-^ 
salt  in  the  Cretaceous  period.  Upon  it  vast  sandstones  were  laid 
down,  and  upon  these  vast  clay  beds.  This  Basin  Is  formed  by  th* 
watershed  of  the  upper  Colorado  from  the  Grand  Canon  north.  It 
really  includes  the  Green  River  Basin  of  Wyoming  which  is  cut 
off   from   it  by   the   Uinta   Mountains,   but    which   I    keep   distinct   for 


42 

climato'logical    reasons. 

The  rapid  erosion  of  the  Colorado  river  and  its  two  confluents 
the  Gi'and  and  Green  have  left  precipitous  walls  about  2000  feet 
high  on  the  west  and  north  and  east,  and  on  the  south  high  dome  like 
uplifts  and  groat  box  canons.  The  flcor  of  the  basin  is  from  4000 
to  5000  feet  elevation,  the  western  crest  8000  feet,  the  north  12000 
feet,  the  east  10000  f<-et,  while  the  south  exclusive  of  the  canons  Is 
5000  to  6000  feet.  The  great  barriers  efftciLually  cut  off  moisture 
from  almost  any  region  and  the  rainfall  is  little  over  4  inches  per 
annum,  while  the  relative  humidity  is  often  10  per  cent.  There  are 
a  few  summer  showers  and  there  is  some  snow  in  the  winter  or  an 
occasional  shower.  The  annual  temperature  runs  from  about  49  de- 
grees at  the  north  to  nearly  60  degrees  at  the  south.  There  is  rare- 
ly a  foot  of  snow  at  any  one  time  at  the  north  and  none  at  any 
time  at  the  south.  There  are  heavy  spring  frosts  at  the  north,  and 
no  permanent  winter  snow  cover.  The  soil  from  the  center  north- 
ward and  westward  is  a  loose  and  highly  alkaline  gray  clay.  Fn  ith 
of  the  center  it  is  all  a  light  and  deep  red  sand,  carrying  much  alknli. 
The  low  rainfall  and  humidity  makes  it  seem  like  an  absolute  desert. 
It  is  the  nearest  to  it  of  any  region  in  Ithe  west  except  the  salt  aren 
forty  miles  wide  west  of  Great  Salt  Lake.  This  region  is  traversed 
by  the  Grand,  Green,  Duchesne,  Fremont,  San  Rafael,  Dolores  rn'l 
San  Juan  rivers,  all  of  which  canon  more  or  less  below  the  floor, 
Wherever  the  waters  can  be  taken  out  upon  the  land  the  soil  be- 
comes very  fertile  after  about  three  years'  leaching  of  the  alkali. 
The  floor  of  the  region  is  covered  by  the  Lower  Temi)erate  flora; 
the  deep  canons  from  the  head  of  the  Colorado  down  by  the  Troiii- 
cal.  The  high  walls  have  the  Middle  Temperate.  The  Astragaline 
flora  is  unique.  On  the  clay  plains  and  particularly  along  little 
draws  A.  asclepiadoides  stands  erect  mostly  singly  or  in  twos  fro'^i 
a  deep  ta])  root,  with  its  large  shiny  leaves,  and  having  almost  exactly 
the  habit  of  Asclepias  crytoceras.  but  more  erect,  which  grows  in 
the  saino  region.  A.  amiuillarius  has  much  the  same  habit  farther 
south.  The  coarse  and  tufted  A.  Pattcrsoni  grows  much  the  same  b't 
prefers  bottoms.  A.  sabulosus  a  close  relative  of  Pattersoni  grows 
where  alkali  seeps  out  of  stiff  slopes.  A.  Haydenianus  grows  aro'nn 
irrigation  ditches  and  along  trails  as  if  an  immigrant  but  appears 
more  at  home  on  the  edges  of  oak  brush  higher  up.  On  gentle 
slopes  and  where  there  is  a  little  sand  mixed  in  A.  confertiflorus  grows 
In  small  tufts,  and  where  there  is  more  sand  A.  argillosus  grows 
along  with  it  with  much  the  same  habit.  Along  the  ridges  where 
there  is  more  or  less  loose  sandstone  rock  A.  Preussii  grows  singly 
or  nearly  so.  On  the  ridges  themselves  the  variety  Eastwoodfe 
grows  with  tufted  habit  and  low.  Tn  the  crevices  of  flat  or  gently 
sloping  sandstones  masses  A.  desperatus  is  at  home.  .  In  the  loose 
sand  along  the  bottoms  and  in  gulches  A.  pubentissimus  grows 
singly  and  flat  on  the  ground  as  a  winter  annual.  Tn  the  canons 
in  sand  A.  Moencoppensis  is  local  and  rare.  On  open  sand  stretches 
and  in  drifting  sand  A.  pictus  is  scattered  here  and  there.  The 
densely  tufted  A.  Episcopus  prefers  sand  with  rock  close  below,  and  A. 
Woodruffi  prefers  sand  dunes,  with  its  innumerable  wiry  stems  and 
masses  of  purple  bloom.  A.  montanus  sometimes  grows  from  crev- 
ices of  hot  rocks.  A.  Coltoni  abounds  on  gravelly  mesas  among  the 
pinons  and  sometimes  on  the  rocks.  A.  detritalis  grows  in  gravelly 
draws  near  Theodore.  A.  lutosus  is  found  in  tight  crevices  on  bare 
rocks  near  Dragon.  A.  junceus  grov/s  on  gravelly  mesas  as  does  A. 
Wingatensis.  A.  sesquiflorus  grows  in  mats  in  the  wide  crevicp  • 
of  hot  sandstones   at  Kanab.        Brandegei   and   straturensis   grow  :n 


43 

the  shnde  of  oak  brush,  the  former  also  In  abandoned  fields.  A. 
Blmplicifoiius  is  rare  on  bare  mesas  at  the  north.  A.  Geyevi  and 
lentiginosiis  are  scattered  over  the  sandy  plains.  A.  subeiufroia 
replaces  pictus  at  the  south.  A.  megacarpus  is  rare  along  th<^  ti^oh 
draws  and  in  the  edge  of  the  oak  zone  in  very  barren  clay.  A.  urn- 
phiovys  is  frequent  over  the  sandy  plains,  as  is  A.  pygmseus  at  the 
north.  A.  cymboides  and  Musiniensis  frequent  the  gravelly  mesas. 
A.  Utahensis  and  Purshii  are  rare  higher  up,  in  the  gravel.  A. 
sropulorum  occurs  in  the  oak  brush.  A.  debilis  grows  in  high  uiea- 
dops  as  does  A.  argophyllus.  A.  lonchocarpus  grows  on  alkaline  and 
sandy  flats  and  slopes.  The  uniis'"il  spruce  zone  species  occur  on 
the  high  Tiepk"  b'lt  tbey  are  not  distinctive.  The  effect  of  barriers 
Is  such  that  the  whole  flora  is  very  j-eculiar.  Very  few  species  ex- 
tend -ivp"  to  tho  Rio  Grande  drainage  beyond  the  San  Juan.  A.  as- 
clepiadoides.  Coltoni,  lonchocarpus.  Megacarpus  and  Hayden-; 
ianus  pass  over  the  Wasatch  Plateau  into  the  edge  of  the  Great  Rasiu, 
Only  A.  Geyeri  and  lentiginosiis  are  of  general  distribution,  caused 
evidently  by  winds  from  up  the  Colorado.  A  few  species  come  in 
from  the  north  around  the  Uintas  such  as  confertiflorus.  pygma^us 
and  simplicifollus,  but  only  the  latter  is  a  real  immigrant  as  Hie 
others  have  migrated  out  rather  than  in.  A.  calycosus  has  come  in 
from  the  Great  Basin.  A.  tenellus  has  come  down  from  the  high 
peaks.  A.  Utahensis  and  Purshii  are  evidently  immigrants,  as  is  A. 
argophyllus.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the  effects  of  certain  ecolo- 
gical factors  on  the  development  of  certain  species  .  Astragalus  de- 
speratus  is  normally  a  densely  tufted  plant  from  a  woody  crown  and 
about  six  inches  high,  with  long  leaves  and  many  leaflets  and  long 
peduncles  having  many  densely  racemose  flowers  about  1  cm.  long. 
This  is  when  it  grows  in  wide  crevices  in  the  sandstone  rocks.  When 
It  grows  in  loose  sand  areas  on  the  rocks  and  near  them  it  is 
much  the  same  but  mostly  prostrate  in  mats.  When  growing 
In  tight  and  narrow  crevices  which  is  the  common  state  on  bare  rocky 
knolls  or  eroded  and  gently  sloping  rocks  it  is  reduced  to  a  rosette 
often  only  %  inch  wide  with  short  leaves  and  few  leaflets  and  short 
peduncles  with  only  a  flower  or  two  and  a  single  mottled  pod.  The 
flowers  are  'then  hardly  larger  than  A.  raontanus  and  broad,  and  the 
general  appearance  is  that  of  the  tegetarius  variety,  the  whole  closely 
resembling  A.  humilliraus  but  with  few  stems  and  not  densely  matted 
in  broad  mats. 

On  the  Tropical  part  of  the  Navajo  Basin  annual  Inflati  come  in,  on 
the  sandy  stretches. 

This  Basin  belongs  in  the  second  grand  division. 

The  Green  River  Basin  of  Wyoming  is  a  little  area  with  the 
same  badland  soil  as  the  upper  Navajo  Basin,  but  is  far  colder.  Its 
flora  is  peculiar,  with  several  distinct  forms,  but  in  Astragali  is 
not  worth  mentioning  except  one  form,  A.  Grayi,  a  derivative  from  A. 
pectinatus.  .  Its  climate  is  a  mixture  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  hu- 
midity and  rainfall. 

The  northern  Plains  region  has  a  meager  Astragaline  flora,  be- 
longs to  the  first  grand  division  and  is  caused  chiefly  by  wind 
movement  and  the  low  rainfall  and  temperature  of  the  trough  along 
the  east  base  of  the  Rockies. 

The  Columbia  Basin  is  an  Interesting  croup  of  the  Pacific  grand 
division  of  floras.  Its  factors  are  mountain  isolation,  snow  cover 
except  in  the  center  in  winter,  rather  high  spring  humidity  continuing 
more  or  leys  through  the  summer,  and  almost  total  absence  of  sum- 
mer rains.  This  insures  a  copious  spring  flora,  and  a  consplcuoua 
grass  cover  but  no  sod.  There  is  a  limited  alkaline  area  In  narrow 
stretches  where  few  recullar  Podo-sclerocarpl  flourish.  The  gras* 
region    sujjports    the    Collini    and    Reventl-Arrectl.    and    some    Argo- 


44 

phylll   and    Horaalobi. 

The  Oregon-Washington  coast  region  is  a  normally  forested  area 
with  no  distincitve  flora  and  no  Astragaline  importance. 

The  Siskiyou  region  of  southern  Oregon  is  a  very  small  and  iso« 
lated  area  caused  by  barriers  and  rather  low  humidity  but  not  worth 
any  special   treatment  here. 

The  Great  Basin  region  belongs  with  the  Pacific  group  and  is 
easily  separated  into  the  Bonneville  and  Lahontan.  or  the  eastern  and 
western  part,  embracing  the  area  that  does  not  drain  to  the  Colorado 
or  the  Columbia.  It  is  a  high  plateau  region  with  parallel  mountain 
ranges  about  a  mile  high  every  twenty  miles  and  running  north 
and  south,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  low  sagebrush  and  juniper 
hills  of  the  Columbia  drainage,  on  the  east  by  the  lofty  Wnsatch 
range  and  its  Wasatch  Plateau  extension  at  the  south,  on  the  south 
by  no  bnrriers  but  the  Troi)ical  climate  of  the  Colorado  and  on  the 
west  by  the  Sierras.  The  flora  is  quite  different  from  other  regions. 
There  i-;  much  intergrnding  at  the  north,  some  at  the  east  and  w-est 
and  little  at  the  south. 

The  annual  temperature  ranges  from  '}?>  degrees  to  50  desrrees 
on  the  floor,  the  humidity  from  25  per  cent  to  49  per  cent,  and  rai-^fall 
from  6  to  12  inches  on  the  floor.  The  soil  is  gravelly,  with  very 
little  sand,  and  there  are  wide  areas  in  the  centers  of  the  valleys  with 
alkaline  clays.  There  is  no  river  system  except  the  Humboldt  on 
the  west  and  the  Jordan,  Sevier,  and  the  Bear  on  the  east.  It  is  a  re- 
gion of  scattered  springs  and  short  sinking  streams.  The  upper  Snake 
river  region  has  much  in  common  with  the  Great  Basin  but  really  be- 
longs in  the  Columbia  drainage.  .  Its  flora  has  a  few  peculiarities. 

The  Bonneville  section  is  characterized  in  its  Astragaline  flora  by 
me  great  development  of  the  Argophylli,  to  which  its  soil  and  e"- 
vation  are  peculiarly  adapted.  The  alkaline  areas  have  few  s^ec'es 
A.  Toanus  being  about  the  only  peculiar  species,  though  A.  tetrap- 
terus  ero-^'s  where  there  is  a  little  alkali,  A.  Wardii  and  serpens 
Ere  other  peculiar  species  of  the  Sevier  region.  The  Lahontan  sec- 
tion is  characterized  by  an  excessive  development  of  the  Podo-sclero- 
carpi  in  the  alkaline  part,  such  as  A.  Serenoi,  a  canonis,  pterocarpus, 
Casei:  the  Malaci  occur  on  the  gravelly  mesas,  also  Andersoni.  Gib- 
bsii,  etc. 

The  Mojave-Cclorado  river  region  from  Springdale  Utah  to  the 
Sierras  and  southward  to  Mexico  contains  a  peculiar  florn.  with  ni'vuy 
local  branches  and  yet  all  are  connected  in  a  general  whole  hard  to 
separate.  The  region  is  one  of  great  temperature  and  mininnm  hu- 
midity and  almost  no  rainfall.  Its  flora  appears  only  in  the  spring 
and  often  for  years  at  a  time  does  not  develop  at  all  worth  mention. 
Each  subdivision  of  the  region  has  a  few.  prselongus,  forms  of  lenti- 
pinosus  and  amphioxys,  Laynese,  Zlonis,  remulcus.  The  Amargosa 
Desert-Death  Valley  region  has  A.  Mohavensis.  albens,  Panaminteu^is, 
triquetrus,  acutirostris.  The  Mojave-Salton  Sink  region  has  A.  lima- 
tus.  Vaseyi,  aridus,  Thurberi,  Palmeri,  etc.  The  soil  of  this  region 
Is  almost  wholly  sand.  There  are  many  forms  of  A.  lentiginosus,  and 
other  more  widely  distributed   species. 

The  Arizona-New  Mexican  floor  has  a  similar  climate  to  the  above 
but  very  different  in  the  summer  and  fall  rains  which  clothe  the 
plains  with  verdure.  Many  species  of  Astragalus  grow  there,  but 
few  are  local.  We  have  A.  nothoxys,  Arizonicus,  tephrodes,  etc.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sand  on  the  floor  and  gravel  on  the  slopes.  This  belongs 
to  the  fourth  grand  division. 

The  Texan   plains  belong  in   the  same  division  of  fall  rains  and 
have  a  number  of  peculiar  species,  mostly  annuals,  such  as  A.  lepto 
carpus,  Lindhelmeri,   Brazoensis.  reflexus,  giganteus,   Wrightii,   etc. 
The  Mexican   Plateau  is  also  a  division  of  fall  rains  and  has  ?n- 


45 

numerable  subdivisions  and  many  peculiar  species.  There  are  the 
Chihuahua  plains,  the  Yaqui-Sonora  region  on  the  floor,  and  •.':i  the 
high  plateaus  are  many  valleys  and  mountain  ranges  with  interest- 
ing floras.  The  most  imi)ortant  are  Sierra  Madre  plateau,  the  Coa- 
huila  ranges,  the  Mt.  Colima  region,  the  Valley  of  Mexico  and  simi- 
lar valleys  of  central  Mexico,  Popocatapetl,  the  San  Luis  Potosi  re- 
gion, the  Lake  Chapala  region,  and  others. 

Passing  from  the  floor  of  the  Great  Plateau  we  find  far  less 
species  differentiation,  but  almost  every  range  of  mountains  has  a 
distinctive  flora  more  or  less  separate  from  any  other.  The  Colora- 
do Rocky  Mountains  are  interesting  and  include  the  Yellowstone  on 
the  north  and  New  Mexican  on  the  South  to  Santa  Fe.  There  is  the 
Glacier  Park  region  of  Montana,  the  Blue  Mountains  of  Oregon,  the 
Sawtooth  and  Bitterroots  of  Idaho  and  Montana,  the  Wasatch  and 
Uintas  of  Utah,  the  Deei)  Creek  in  western  Utah,  the  Schell  Creeks 
and  Clover  mountains  of  eastern  Nevada  and  the  West  Humboldts 
of  western  Nevada,  and  also  the  Malheur  range,  the  Pioche  region, 
the  Charleston  peaks,  the  Funeral  and  Panamint  mountains,  the  Pro- 
vidence range,  the  White  mountains  of  California,  the  Cascades,  the 
Coast  range,  the  Sierras,  the  San  Bernardinos,  the  San  Jacintos,  San 
Pedro  Martir,  Mogollons,  Sandias.  Catalinas,  Santa  Ritas,  Chiricahuas, 
Huachucas,  Floritas,  and  several  ranges  in  western  Texas.  It  would 
be  too  tedious  to  go  into  the  floras  of  each,  and  in  addition  they  are 
only  local  and  feather  into  the  adjoining  regions. 

The  distribution  of  Astragalus  at  the  far  north  has  nothing 
of  importance.  A  few  species  range  throughout  the  forest  region  to 
the  tundras  of  the  Arctic.  There  are  no  distinct  floral  regions  worthy 
of  note  beyond  the  Saskatchewan,  nor  has  the  Atlantic  region  any 
significance  beyond  the  usual  life  zone  limits.  The  peaks  of  New  Eng- 
land have  a  few  alpine  and  high  latitude  species. 


46 


LIST  OF  SPECIES  BY  LIFE  ZONES  AND  LOCAL  FLORAS. 


UPPER  TEMPERATE  LIFE  ZONE. 


ALPINE  AND  ARCTIC. 


ARCTIC 

Debiles. 

Polaris. 

Yukonensis. 
Inflati. 

Gormani. 
Alpini. 

andinus. 

Labradoricus. 

Americanus. 

Alpinus 

ALPINE    IN    BRIT- 
ISH AMERICA. 

Homalobi. 

campestris 
Debiles. 

Bourgovii. 
Alpini. 

andinus. 

Labradoricus. 

aboriginum. 

ALPINE  ATLAN- 
TIC. 

Alpini. 

Labradoricus. 


COLORADO-YEL- 
LOWSTONE. 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 
niontanus. 

Alpini. 

andinus. 
Labradoricus. 


UINTA. 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 
niontanus. 
Alpini. 
andinus. 

WASATCH. 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 

montanus. 
Alpini. 

andinus. 
Inflati. 

serpens. 


EAST  HUMBOLDT. 

Homalobi. 

montanus. 
Alpini. 

Labradoricus. 

aboriginum. 

BLUE  MOUNTAINS 

Homatobi. 

campestris. 
montanus. 

MOGOLLONS. 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 
montanus. 

SIERRAS. 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 

montanus. 
Inflati. 

HooRerianus. 
Alpini. 

andinus. 


47 


SPRUCE        ZONE. 


BRITISH  AMERI- 
CAN. 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 

tenellus. 
Debiles. 

Buurgovii. 

debilis. 
Inflati 

paucifloriis. 
Alpini. 

andinus. 

aljoriginum. 

elegans. 

Americanus. 
Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 

COLCRADO-YEL- 
LOWSTONE. 

Hon-.arobi. 

campestris. 

montaniis. 

tenellus. 
Debiles. 

deoilis. 

leptaleus. 
Infiati. 

pauciflorus. 
Alpini. 

andinus. 

aboriginum. 

elegans. 

Americanus. 
Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 
Strigulosi. 
platytropis. 

UINTA. 

Homalobi. 

montanus. 

campestris. 

tenellus. 
Alpinr. 

andinus. 
Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 


WASATCH. 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 
montanus. 
tenellus. 
Alpini. 

anaiu'is. 

Hypoglo-iides. 

agr-sl:3. 

NEW  .ENGLAND. 

Alpini. 

andinus. 
Lnbra''oricus. 


EAST  H'JM- 

BOLDTS. 

Homalobi. 

carjpestris. 
mcpfrnus. 
teneTlus. 
Alpini. 
andinus. 
Labradoricus. 
aboriginum. 

Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 
Strigulosi. 
platytropis. 

BLUE  MOUNTAINS 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 

montanus. 

tenellus. 
Debiles. 

Bourgovii. 

debilis. 
Alpini. 

anainus. 

aboriginum. 
Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 


CASCADE-OLYM- 
PICS. 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 

tenellus. 
AlpinF. 

andinus. 
Inflati. 

Cottoni. 

Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 

SIERRAS. 

Homarobi. 

campestris. 

tenellus. 
Inflati. 

HooKerianus. 
Reventi-Arrect.i. 
Bolanderi. 

Hypoglotitdes 

agrestis. 

Chastodontes. 

Attstinee. 
Strigulosi. 

platytropis. 

NEW  MEXICAN 

Homalobi. 

campestris. 
tenellus. 
Alpini. 
andinus. 

Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 

MOGOLLONS. 

Homalobi. 

tenellus. 
HypogTottides. 

agrestis. 


48 


MIDDLE  TEMPERATE  LIFE    ZONE. 


ATLANTIC   SLOPE   DIVISION. 


EASTERN  STATES. 

Ulig7nosi. 

Canadensis. 

neglectus. 
ArgophyMi. 

Missouriensis. 
Sarcocarpi. 

crassicari)iis. 

Plattensis. 

COLORADO-MON- 
TANA PLAINS. 

Homaro"ji. 

niontanus. 

sim])licifolius. 

sericoleucus. 

campestris. 

junceus. 

tenellus. 


Triphylli. 

triphyllus. 

hyaTlnus. 
Oebiles. 

Bourgovii. 

debilis. 

leptaleus. 
Inflati. 

pauciflorus.   . 

miser. 
Alpini, 

aboriginum. 
Lotiflori. 

lotiflorus. 
Podo-Sclerocarpi 

pectinatus. 
Uliginosi. 

Canadensisi. 
Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 

nitidus. 


Flexuosi. 

flexuosus. 
parviflorus. 
Argophylli. 

cibarius. 

Missouriensis. 

Parryi. 

Shortianus. 
Sarcocarpi. 

crassicarpus. 
Striguiosi. 

platytropis. 
Bisuncatl. 

bisulcatus. 
Galegiformes. 

Drummondii. 

raceraosus. 
Sparsiflori. 

sparsiflorus. 


Pacific  Slope  Division. 


UINTA. 

Homalobi. 

siniplicifolius. 

sericoleucus. 

montanus. 

junceus. 
Debiles.   . 

debilis. 
Triphylli. 

triphyllus. 
Inflati. 

.iejunus. 

megacarpus. 
Uliginosi. 

Canadensis. 
Hypog'ottides. 

agrestis. 
Argophylli. 

argophyllus. 

Utaliensis. 

Purshii. 


Podo-Sclerocarpi 
Galegiformes. 
Drummondii. 
scopulorum. 

WASATCH. 

Homalobi. 

Grayi. 

can-ipestris. 

junceus. 

montanus. 

tenellus. 

huniTstratus. 
Debires. 

debilis. 
Inflati. 

serpens. 

oocarpus. 

megacarpus. 
Uliginosi. 

Canadensis. 


Argophylli. 

argophyllus. 

Utahensis. 

Purshi. 

cibarius. 
Galegiformes. 

Drummondii. 

scopulorum. 

EAST  HUM- 
BOLDTS. 

Homalobi. 

junceus. 

tenellus. 
Uliginosi. 

Canadensis. 
Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 
Argopnylli. 

Iltahenais. 

cibarius. 

Purshii. 


49 


MIDDLE  TEMPERATE  LIFE     ZONE. 


Pacific  Slope  Division. 


EAST  HUM- 

BOLDTS. 

Strigulosi. 

platytropis. 
Hamosi. 
calycosus. 

COLUMBIA 
BASIN. 

Homalobi. 
campestris. 

montanus. 

stenophyllus. 

tenellus. 

tegetarioides. 
Debiles. 

debilis. 

Bourgovii. 
Inflati. 

Cralgi. 

miser. 

pauciflorus. 

lentiginosus. 

Cusickii. 

diurnus. 

Beckwithii. 
Collini. 

collinus. 

Tweedyi. 

Gibbsii. 

speirocarpus. 

Alvordensis. 


Reventi-Arrecti. 
ar rectus, 
adanus. 

reveutus. 
vallaris. 
Uliginosi. 
Canadensis, 
terminalis. 
Oreganus. 
Hypryglotltides. 
agrestis. 
nitidus. 
Chsstodontes. 
Spaldingii. 
Lyallii. 
Argophylli. 
argopliyllus. 
inflexus. 
cibarius. 
Ulaliensis. 
Purshll. 
At  rati. 
atratus. 
Salmonis. 
Malaci. 

malacus. 
Hamosi. 
Mulfordas. 
ArtTiuri. 
Howellii. 
drepanolobas. 
Sarcocarpi. 

crassicarpus. 
Bisulcati. 
bisulcatus. 


SIERRAS. 

Homalobi. 
Californicus. 
inversus, 
stenophyllus. 
Inflati. 

Hookerianus. 
Reventi-Arrecti, 

Bolanderi. 
Hypoglottides. 

agrestis. 
Chaetodontes. 

Austinae. 
Argophylli. 
Webberi. 
iodanthus. 
Purshii. 
Hamosi. 
sylvaticus. 
Congdoni. 
Andersoni. 
Inflati. 

lentiginosus. 
Strigulosi. 

platytropis. 
Uliginosi. 

Canadensis. 
Malaci. 

malacus. 
Micranihi. 
liOmmoni. 
lentiformis. 


ARIZONA-MEXICAN   DIVISION. 


MOGOLLONS. 

Homalobi. 

humillimus. 

humistratus. 

montanus. 
Flexuosi. 

gracilentus. 

Fendleri. 

Sileranus. 
Argophylli. 

pephragmenus. 

castauaeformis. 


Mollissimi. 
mollissimus. 
Bigevoii. 
Phoenicis. 

CATALINAS. 

Homalobi. 

humistratus. 
Micrantht. 

Hartwegi. 


MEXICAN  PLAT- 
EAU. 

strigulosi. 

Guatamelensis. 

Painteri. 

Tolucanus. 

strigulosus. 
Hamosi. 

Scatoni. 
Micranthi. 

Hartwegi. 

inilitaris. 

etc. 


50 


LOWER  T3MPSRATE  LIFE  ZONE. 


ATLANTIC   SLOPE   DIVISION. 


anssissippi 

VALLEY. 

Sarcocarpi. 

Platteusis. 
Mexicanus. 
Tonesseensis. 
Sparsiflori. 
villosus. 
obcordatus. 


Leptocarpi. 

distortus. 
glaber. 

PLAINS. 

Molliss:mi. 
anisus. 
mollissimus. 
Bigelovii. 
Sarcocarpi. 
Plattensis. 


Argophylli. 

Shortlanus. 

amphioxys. 

Feensis. 
Flexuosi.  . 

flexuosus. 

gracilentus. 
Lotiflori. 

lotiflorus. 


NAVAJO  BASIN. 

Homalobi. 

simplicifolius. 

montanus. 

detritalis. 

CoKoni.    . 

Wingatensis. 

Duchesnensis. 

Episcopus. 

Woodruffi. 

junceus. 

Kaibensis. 

lancearius. 

sesquiflonis. 

Woodruffi. 
Inflati. 

Geyeri. 

lentiginosus. 

pictus. 

subcinereus. 

lutosus. 

pubentissimus. 

sabulonum. 

Wardi. 

Wetherilli. 

mogacarpus. 

oophorus. 
Preussii. 

ampullarius. 

asclepiadoides. 

Pattersonl. 

sabulosus. 

Preussii. 
Uliginosi. 

Canadensis. 


Pacific  Slope  Division. 


Strigulosi. 

Brandegei. 

straturensis. 
Podo-sclerocarpi. 

Rafaelensis. 
Argophylli. 

amphioxys. 

cymboides. 

Musiniensi. 

pygniffius. 

Utahensis. 

desperatus.  . 
Mollissimi. 

Bigelvoii. 
Ocreati. 

argillosus. 

confertiflorus. 

Moer.coppensis. 

sophoroides. 
Bisulcati. 

Haydenianus. 

Osterhouti. 
Lonchocarpi. 

lonchocarpus. 
Hamosi. 

calycosus. 


GREEN  RIVER 
BASIN. 

Homalobi. 

simplicifolius. 
sericoieucus. 
montanus. 
junceus. 


Inflati. 

Geyeri. 

lentiginosus. 

megacarpus. 
Podo-sclerocarpi 

Grayi. 
Argophylli. 

argophyllus. 

Utahensis. 

cibarius. 

pygmaeus. 
Ocreati. 

confertiflorus. 
Hamosi. 

calycosus. 


GREAT  BASIN. 

Homalobi. 

moil  I  anus. 

stonophyllus. 

Coltonr. 

porrcctus. 
Inflati. 

pictus. 

Wardi. 

Geyeri. 

lentiginosus. 

oophorus. 

Beckwithii. 

megacarpus 
Preusii. 

Pattersoni. 


LOWER  TEMPERATE  LIFE   ZONE. 


Pacific  Slope  Division. 


Podo-sclerocarpi. 

canonis. 

Serenoi. 

Toanus. 

pterocarpus. 

tetraptirus. 

Casei. 
Collini. 

Gibbsii, 
Preusii. 

Pattersoni.      , 
Reventi-Arrecti. 

arrectus. 
Uliginosi. 

Canadensis. 
Atrati. 

atratus. 

Ibapensis. 

obscurus. 
Flexuosi. 

pinonis. 
Argophylli. 

argopbyHi^s. 

cibarius. 

Eiirekensis. 

iodanthus. 

NewberrjM. 

Purshii. 

Utahensis. 
Malaci. 

malacus. 

Laynese. 
rwollissimi. 

Bigievoii. 
Bjsulcati. 

Haydenianiis. 
Lonchocarpi. 

lonchocarpus. 
Hamosi. 

Audersoni. 

calycosus. 

sylvaticus. 

COLUMBL\  BASIN. 

Homalobi. 

junceus. 

stenophyllus. 
Inflati. 

Geyeri. 

lentiginosus. 

Beckwithii. 


Collini. 

Alvordensis. 

coillnus. 

Gibbsii. 

speirocarpus. 
Podo-sclerocarpi. 

sclerocarpus. 
Atrati. 

atratus. 
Argophylli. 

argophllus. 

infiexus. 

Purshii. 
Malaci. 

succumbens. 

SIERRAS. 

Homalobi. 

stenophyllus. 
Inflati. 

lentiginosus. 

oocarpus. 
Podo-sclerocarpi. 

bicristatus. 

pachypus. 
Preussii. 

Preussii. 
Argophylli. 

Purshii. 
Hamosi. 

Andersoni. 

Bernai  .linns. 

COLORADO  rive: 
DEATH  VALLEY. 

Inflati. 

aridus. 

lentiginosus. 

nutans. 

pitcus. 

sabulonura. 
Preussii. 

Preussii. 
Podo-sclerocarpi. 

totrapterus. 
Argophylli. 

amphioxys. 

coccineus. 

funereus. 

remulcus. 


Malaci. 

Layneae. 

ensiformis. 
Lonchocarpi. 

lonchocarpus. 
Hamosi. 

calycosus. 
Leptocarpi. 

Nuttallianus. 

MOGOLLONS. 

Homalobi. 

humistratus. 

junceus. 

Wingatensis. 
Inflati 

allochorus. 

megacarpus. 

oophorus. 

subcinereus. 

Thur'oeri. 

triflorus. 
Uliginosi. 

Canadensis. 
MollTssimi. 

Bigelovii. 

Humboldtii. 

Mathewsii. 

mollissimus. 

Phoenicis. 
Argophylli. 

amphioxys. 

argophyllus. 

Newberryi. 
Lotiflori. 

accunibens. 
Oireati. 

Moencoppensis 

sophoroides. 

troglodytes. 
Han-rsi. 

calycosus. 

Arizonicus. 
Sthigulosi. 

strigjlosus. 

straturensis. 

recurvus. 

Inyoensis. 


52 


LOWER  TEMPEP.i^TJS  LIFE  ZONE. 


ARIZONA-MEXICAN   DIVISION. 


RIO  GRANDE  VAL 

-      SOUT^iERN 

LEY. 

ARIZONA. 

Homalobi. 

Homalobi. 

hnniistratus. 

hunnsrratus. 

montanus. 

Gilensis. 

Inflati, 

Inflati. 

lentiginosiis. 

Palmrri. 

pictAis. 

Thurberi. 

subcinereus. 

Strigulosi. 

triflorus. 

stri.milosus. 

Argophylli. 

Mollissimi. 

aniphioxys. 

Bigelovii. 

Feensis. 

Humboldtii. 

Shortianiis. 

Micranthi. 

Galegiformes. 

vaccarum. 

raceraosus. 

Hartwegi. 

Bisulcati. 

liypoxylus. 

oocalycis. 

Hamosi. 

Uliginosi. 

Arizonicus. 

Canadensis. 

nothoxys. 

Mollissimi. 

moinssimus. 

Bigelovii. 

Strigulosi. 

Cobrensis 

SIERRA  MADRE 
AND  SOUTH 

Inflati. 

scalaris. 
Strigulosi. 

strigulosi. 
Mollissimi. 

P.igelovii. 

Humboldtii. 
Galjegirormes. 

racemosus. 
Micri,nthi. 

Goldmani. 

vaccarum. 

Hartwegi. 

mill::aris. 

Purpusi. 

Greggii. 

Priuglei. 

parvus. 

Esperanzae. 

Chapalanus. 

liypoxylus. 

Saiionis. 

hypoleucus. 

Seatoni. 

oxyrhynchus. 
Didymocarpi. 

diphacus. 


53 


TROPICAL  LIFE  ZONE. 


PACIFIC    COAST  DIVISION. 


Homalobi. 

Antiselli. 
Inflati. 

capillipes. 

curtipes. 

Douglasii. 

Hornii. 

leucopliyllus, 

leiicopsis. 

macrodon. 

oxyphysus. 


Miguelensis. 

Pomonensis. 

pychnostachyus. 

trichopodus. 

vestitus. 
Chaetodontes. 

Brauntoni. 
Hamosi. 

Traskiae. 

Nevinii. 

Bernardinus. 


Leptocarpl. 

tener. 
Micranthi, 

Clevelandi. 
Didymocarpi. 

didymocarpus. 

dispermus. 

nigrescens. 

Breweri. 


Pacific  Slope  Division. 


CALIFORNIA 
INTEKIOK 

Inflati. 

lentiginosus. 

Dovigiasii. 

Hornii. 

macrodon. 

vestitus. 
Hamosi. 

tricarinatus. 

Bernardinus. 
Leptocarpi. 

Nuttallianus. 

Rattani. 

tener. 
Didymocarpi. 

Breweri. 

didymocarpus. 

dispermus. 

nigrescens. 

ST.  GEORGE 
REGION. 

Inflati. 

sabulonum. 

Geyerl. 

lentigninosus. 
Lotiflori. 

Mohavensis. 
Preussii. 

Preussii. 

Pattersoni. 


Argophylli. 

tephrodes. 
Layneae. 
Zionis. 
araphioxys. 
Hamosi. 
Arizonicus, 
triquetrus. 
Leptocarpi. 

Nuttallianus. 
Didymocarpi. 
dispermus. 

DEATH  VALLEY 
REGION 

Inflati. 

aridus. 

sabulonum. 

lentiginosus. 
Atrati. 

Panamintensis. 

atratus. 
Lotifiori. 

Mohavensis. 
Hamosi. 

albens. 
Leptocaroi. 

Nuttallianus. 

tcutirostris. 
Didymocarpi. 

Didymocarpus. 

diseprmus. 


MO JAYE  SALTON 

Inflati. 

aridub. 

Vaseyi. 

proriferus. 

sabulonum. 

lentiginosus.' 
Lotifiori. 

Mohavensis! 
Preussii. 

limatus. 
Hamosi. 

albens^ 
Leptocarpi. 
Nuttallianus. 
acutirostris. 


54 


TP.OPICAL  LIFE  Z0N2. 


ARIZOI^A-MEXICAN   DIT.ISION. 


GILA  REGION. 

Inflati. 
playanus. 
triflorus. 
lentiginosus. 

Leptocarpi. 

Nuttalliamis. 
Didymocarpi. 
didymocarpus. 
dispermus. 

TEXAN  REGION. 

Mollissimi. 

giganteus. 
Leptocarpi. 

Nuttallianus. 

leptocarpus. 

Lindheimeri. 

Wrightii. 
Didymocarpi. 

Brazoensis. 
reflexus. 


MEXICAN. 

Homalobi. 
pasqiialensia. 
Pueblse. 
quinqueflorus. 

Inflati. 

Douglasii. 

Julianus. 

lentiginosus. 

leucopsis. 

Magdalense. 

proriferus. 

vestitus. 

Hornii. 

insuaris. 

triflorus. 
Lotiflori. 

circumdatus. 
Strigulosi. 

reptans. 

Rosei. 

Guatamalensis. 

Flexuosf. 

Antoninus. 


Moilitsimi. 

giganteus. 
Humboldtii. 
mollissimus. 
Orizabse. 
Oranthus. 
Galegiformes. 
racemosus. 

Hamosi. 
Arizonicus. 
Coabuilae. 
Greggii. 

Orcuttianus. 
Leptocarpi. 

leptocarpus. 

Linnheimeri. 

Nuttallianus. 

nothoxys. 

Francisquetenalh. 
Micranthi. 

ervoides. 

Luisianus. 

Purpusl. 
Didymocarpi. 

Angelinus. 

diphacus. 


EFFECTS  OF  CERTAIN  ECOLOGICAL  FACTORS 

Certain  ecological  factors  can  exist  only  under  certain  co«n- 
ditions. 

Acidity  of  the  soil  is  possible  only  in  cool  regions  where  the 
vegetable  humus  is  very  dense,  and  where  the  humidity  is  great 
and  the  seasons  short  and  sunshine  below  normal  so  far  as  the 
Astragaline  flora  is  concerned.  The  species  do  not  grow  under 
acid  'tropical  conditions,  so  far  as  known.  This  therefore  confines 
such  species  to  the  upper  life  zones  in  forests  and  meadows.  These 
species  have  slender  stems  and  delicate  thin  leaves,  slender  petioles 
and  pedc^ncles  and  delicate  flowers  nearly  always  purple,  and  seldom 
large.  The  pods  are  uniformly  thin  and  mostly  inflated.  All  the 
species  are  perennial  with  interlaced  roots  or  root  crowns  and 
mostly    woody    crowns. 

Alkaline  soil  is  possible  only  in  regions  of  low  humidity,  rain- 
fall, and  higher  temperature  and  excessive  sunshine.  Such  plants 
then  always  grow  in  the  open  and  mostly  on  the  floor  cf  valleys 
having  no  outlets  or  poor  drainage,  or  on  clayey  slopes  where  alka- 
lies are  leaching  out  of  saline  formations.  This  is  very  common  in 
the  Great  Basin  and  around  the  extensive  clay  deposits  of  the  Ter- 
tiary, Cretaceous  and  Jurassic  formations.  It  also  is  local  through- 
out the.  floor  of  the  Tropical  life  zone.  The  character  of  the  alkali  has 
much  to  do  with  the  vegetation.  About  %  of  1  per  cent  active  alka- 
lies (car)3cnates  of  sodium  and  potassium)  prohibit  all  growth, 
while  1.5  per  cent  of  neutral  alkalies  (sulphates  and  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  potassium)  only  are  prohibitive.  The  Navajo  Basin  con- 
tains mors  carbonates,  and  the  Great  Basin  more  chlorides  and  sul- 
phates. 

The  almost  uniform  effect  of  alkalies' in  Astragali  is  to  thicken  the 
stems,  leaves  and  flowers,  making  them  coarser,  succulent  and  taller, 
and  reduces  the  pubescence,  but  the  relative  quantity  of  moisture  has 
a  marked  effect  as  in  all  plants  elsewhere.  The  tendency  is  also 
for  the  flowers  to  be  white  and  large.  Typical  alkaline  species 
of  the  Navajo  Basin  are  A.  asclepiadoides,  Pattersoni,  and  sabulo- 
sus,  and  probably  ampullarius.  Ihees  all  have  flat  and  ampje 
leaf  surface.  Similar  plants  of  th'^  Mojave-Colorado  river  region 
are  A.  limatus  and  Preussii,  with  flat  leaf  surfaces,  but  purple  flow- 
ers. The  Great  Basin  species  where  the  neutral  alkalies  are  the 
more  abundant  are  A.  Pattersoni  but  with  reduced  leaf  surfaces,  but 
the  typical  species  A.  Toanus,  Serenoi,  canonis,  tetrapteriis,  all 
have  greatly  reduced  leaf  surfaces,  the  leaflets  mostly  reduced  to 
phyllodia  and  the  stems,  petioles  i.nd.  peduncles  performing  the 
function  of  leaves  but  the  plants  are  tall  or  long  as  in  the  other, 
the  flowers  are  purple,  the  pubescence  is  ashy  and  sparse.  On 
the  other  hand  the  Homalobi  of  the  Navajo  Basin  which  grow  in 
soil  always  somewhat  alkaline  all  have  the  phyllodia-like 
leaves  of  the  Podo-sclerocarpi.  Such  species  are  A.  Episcopus,  Wood- 
ruff!, pictus.  They  have  no  corresponding  species  in  the  Great  Basin. 
The  Ocreati  of  the  Navajo  Basin  develop  narrower  and  more  folded 
and  more  hairy  leaves  as  the  sand  in  the  soil  increases  and  the 
alkali  decreases,  such  species  are  A.  confertiflorus,  agrillosus  and 
Moencoppensis.  This  follows  the  general  rale.  The  normal  rainfall 
of  the  Great  Basin  is  twice  that  of  the  Navajo;  the  normal  tem- 
perature 2  to  4  degrees  less.  Strongly  alkaline  places  in  the  Tropical 
life  zone  rarely  have  perennial  species  of  Astragalus.  Gen -rally 
such  species  are  annuals  whose  roots  do  not  penetrate  the  5  irface 
sands,  far,  and  so  the  effects  of  alkalies  are  not  so  evident. 


56 

The  effects  of  humidity,  other  things  being  the  same  are  shown 
in  the  Columbia  Basin.  As  we  approach  the  Columbia  Basin  there 
is  a  marked  increase  in  spring  and  summer  humidity  though  there  is 
less  summer  rainfall.  The  winter  snows  are  deeper  and  the  snow 
cover  is  permanent  through  most  of  the  region  in  the  winter  months, 
which  is  a  great  protection  to  the  vegetation.  There  is  less  alkali. 
The  species  of  Astragalus  become  more  slender  and  with  more  woody- 
roots.  The  Reventi-Arrecti  and  Collini  prevail;  there  are  some 
Atrati,  some  Homalobi,  and  Podo-sclerocarpi,  and  a  number  of  Argo- 
phylli.  No  species  have  phyllodia-like  leaves,  few  have  broad  leaflets 
and  most  of  these  are  folded  and  pubescent.  The  species  are  almost 
exclusively  perennial.  It  is  a  region  of  abundant  spring  flora,  par- 
ticularly grasses. 

The  northern  Plains  along  the  trough  of  slight  rainfall  caused  by 
the  Rockies  has  a  humidity  a  little  higher  than  the  Coumbia  Basin 
and  is  wind  swept  throughout  the  year,  and  with  a  low  temperature 
There  is  a  permanent  snow  cover  except  where  elevations  catch  the 
wind.  There  is  a  little  alkali.  These  conditions  have  produced  the 
densely  matted  Homalobi  and  Triphylli  with  their  scapose  pedun- 
cles hidden  among  the  leaves  and  their  narrow,  thick  and  silvery 
leaves  and  large  and  densely  imbricated  stipules.  It  is  only  in  the 
bottoms  where  the  snow  cover  is  not  disturbed  that  the  slender  and 
v'ariably  erect  species  are  found  such  as  the  Bisulcati  and  pectina- 
tus  in  alkaline  places,  the  slender  Homalobi,  Debiles  and  Hypoglot- 
tides. 

The  interior  valley  region  of  California  s!m-ilates  th'^  Arizona- 
Death  Valley  region  in  its  Tropical  climate  and  extensive  annual 
flora,  and  some  species  are  common  to  both  regions,  but  the  h'gi°r 
humidity  and  winter  rains  have  greatly  increased  the  species  and  irii- 
viduals.  Here  abound  the  Didymocarpi,  and  Leptocarpi.  The 
salt  marshes  have  the  annual  A.  Hornii  and  the  remarkable  perennial 
A.  pychnostachyus.  It  is  a  noticeable  fact  that  nearly  all  Californian 
Astragali      have   short  pubescence  closely   appressed. 

The  Coast  region  of  California  has  a  remarkable  development 
of  the  Inflati,  along  with  a  few  Hamosi,  in  addition  to  the 
annuals  of  the  interior  region.  Its  chief  characteristics  are  high 
temperature,  high  humidity  (due  to  fogs)  and  no  rainfall  except  in 
winter.  We  therefore  find  no  species  with  phyllodia,  or  stems  with 
leaf  functions.  There  is  a  large  development  of  leaf  surface  with 
folded  leaflets  and  slender  stems.  The  Argophylli  are  mostly  absent 
and   the    Homalobi    scarce,    as    are   most    other    groups. 

In  the  Sierra  region  the  Astragali  are  scarce  in  the  forested 
area.  At  the  north  A.  accidens  is  found  among  the  bushes,  and 
Californicus  and  inversus  among  the  yellow  pines.  Higher  up  we 
find  A.  Congdoni,  Bolanderi  and  Hookerianus,  mostly  farther  south, 
but  the  soil  is  a  very  granular  granite  and  not  adapted  to  any  vege- 
tation, and  so  the  general  flora  is  meager. 

The  Argophylli,  plants  of  the  lower  mountain  slopes  with  no  per 
manent  winter  snow  cover,  with  plenty  of  spring  humidity  due  to 
rains  or  melting  snows  show  a  curious  distribution.  Inthe  Columbia 
region  they  develop  a  loose  and  cottony  pubesence,  narrow  flowers, 
and  lax  stem  system.  A.  inflexus  even  attempts  to  become  erect. 
The  Argophylli  are  normally  caespitose  and  prostrate  species.  This 
condition  of  the  Columbia  species  is  manifestly  due  to  higher  humidity 
and  light  soil.  As  the  group  extends  south  along  the  Sierras  in  the 
impoverished  soil  the  same  species  become  densely  matted  and  often 
only  a  few  inches  across,  with  very  short  stems,  small  leaves  and  very 
small  flowers  and  pods.  At  the  foot  of  the  monutains  and  out  on 
the  mesas  where  it  is  much  hotter  and  drier  but  the  soil  better 
we  have  the  magnificent  A.   coocineus   and   funereus   far   surpassing 


57 

even  A.  inflexus  in  beauty  and  size  and  with  great  flowers  and  pods, 
and  here  the  Argophylli  stop  short  off.  These  two  species  seem  wholly 
out  of  place  and  yet  even  extend  to  the  Charleston  mountains.  One 
would  expect  here  a  jump  to  some  other  remarkable  allied  group 
but  there  is  none  in  the  whole  region.  The  Malaci  are  the  nearest, 
and  seem  like  hybrids  between  this  group  and  the  Hamosi.  When  we 
follow  the  Argophylli  eastward  and  then  southward  we  find  them 
varying  into  the  pygmaeus-amphioxys  group,  more  adapted  to  the 
hotter  climates,  and  these  seem  to  have  jumped  into  the  Mollissimi  at 
the  south  and  the  Sarcocari^i  at  the  north  and  east.  The  Argophylli 
do  not  extend  much  into  the  regions  of  permanent  snow  cover,  but 
belong  to  that  trying  region  of  the  lower  Middle  Temperate  and 
Lower  Temperate  where  the  snow  comes  and  goes,  and  thaws  alter- 
nate with  freezes  so  that  all  stems  persisting  over  winter  must  be 
closely  protected  by  matting,  by  dead  leaves  and  petioles  and  by 
dense  stipules  and  wool  or  hair  and  short  internodes. 

The  Sarcocarpi  have  passed  up  into  the  region  of  permanent 
winter  snow  cover  for  the  most  part  at  the  north  and  do  not  show  thi.-j 
adaptation,  but  the  southern  species  do. 

The  Mollissimi  are  protected  more  against  heat  by  their  shaggy 
covering,  but  in  the  far  south  A.  Humboldtii  and  others  have  only  the 
close  silvery  pubescence,  and  even  that  is  often  sparse. 

The  effects  of  heat  are  best  shown  in  the  Tropical  life  zone  where 
plants  have  been  compelled  to  adopt  the  most  effective  system,  better 
than  phyllodia,  the  destruction  of  the  perennial  root.  This  requires 
no  winter  protection,  or  devices  against  continued  droughts  but 
could  obtain  only  where  the  resting  period  is  one  of  drought  and 
not  cold,  otherwise  the  seeds  would  rot.  The  annual  habit  results  In 
slender  stems,  small  leaves,  flowers  and  pods,  the  latter  with  thin 
walls.  For  this  reason  we  have  the  Didymocarpi  and  Leptocarpi  the 
prevailing  species,  along  with  a  smattering  of  Inflati,  and  other 
groups.  In  the  few  perennials  which  persist  in  favorable  places  there 
is  the  same  leaf,  flower  and  stem  reduction  and  absence  of  phyllodia, 
tho"?h  here  and  there  a  few  like  pictus  and  some  Homalobi  persist. 

The  presence  of  a  poison,  in  most  of  the  species,  affecting  the 
motor  nerves  makes  che  ger.us  of  no  economic  importt^nco  as  very 
few  are  eaten  at  all  by  animals,  while  some  species  destroy  many 
horses  and  sheep.  A.  Coltoni  is  poisonous  to  hogs  in  the  La  Sal 
region  of  Utah.  A.  mollissimus  is  the  loco  Asti-agalus  of  the  Plains. 
A.  Canadensis  has  poisoned  sheep  in  Montana.  Various  forms  of  A. 
lentiginosus  have  a  bad  reputation  in  southern  Utah.  No  Astragali 
are  voluntarily  eaten  by  animals,  but  in  the  spring,  when  animals 
are  ravenous  for  the  first  green  things  that  come  out  of  the  ground 
they  will  bite  at  anything  and  it  is  at  such  times  that  they  are  poi- 
soned. Once  poisoned  they  get  a  craving  for  them  and  become 
"locoed"  (crazy),  when  the  range  is  all  eaten  off  but  these  plants 
sheep  will  eat  them  rather  than  starve  and  it  is  in  this  way  that  they 
get   poisoned. 


COLOR  OF  THE  FLOWERS  AS  REGARDS  ALKALINITY. 

Practically  all  the  pink  or  pink-purple  flowers  on  drying,  become 
bluish,  exceptions  to  this  are  A.  coccineus  and  sometimes  funerens. 
The  reason  for  this  is  that  the  papers  in  which  the  plants  are  dried 
contain  alkali  and  this  neutralizes  the  acid  of  the  red  tints  and  turns 
it  alkaline  which  then  becomes  blue.  Whenever  this  is  the  case  the 
natural  color  can  be  restored  by  moisten-rg  the  flower  by  a  dilute 
acid.  As  has  alrerdy  been  said  the  soil  of  the  entire  west  is  alkaline 
south   vary    somewhat   in    the    tendency    i'3    turn    blue.      A.    coccineus 


58 

except  regions  at  the  north  in  meadows  and  deep  forests  where  there 
is  much  humus,  and  at  the  south  only  in  moist  meadows  at  high  eleva- 
tions. There  seems  to  be  no  causative  connection  between  red- 
tinted  flowers  and  the  soil  as  to  acidity  or  alkalinity  in  the  soil. 
All  such  flowers  at  the  north  turn  bluish  on  drying  in  ordinary  paper. 
The  white  flowers  have  less  yellow  In  them  at  the  north.  There  are 
very  few  creamed-colored  flowers  at  the  north.  From  southern  Idaho 
and  Oregon  to  Mexico  the  white  flowers  are  never  pure  white,  or 
rarely  so  in  A.  Patt-^vsoni,  but  variably  cream-colored  but  never 
yellow.  Thi:^  indicaiej  alkalinity.  This  icdtinted  species  at  tlie 
south  vary  somewhat  in  the  tendency  to  turn  blue.  A.  coccineus 
remains  bright  red  on  drying,  but  its  nearest  relative  A.  funereus  and 
Utahensis  either  remain  red  or  turn  blue  on  drying  which  indicates 
acidity  in  the  flowers  part  of  the  time.  Many  of  the  red  tinted  flowers 
are  brilliant  pink,  such  as  A.  funereus,  Utahensis,  Toanus,  Woodruffi, 
Preussii,  amphioxys.  Bigelovii,  Zionis,  and  they  all  turn  bluish-purple 
on  drying,  and  are  therefore  acid  when  in  bloom  and  all  grow  on 
dpcidedly  alkaline  soil.  Practically  all  the  species  of  the  Arizona- 
Mexican  region  (mostly  Tropical)  are  either  white  or  dull  bluish  which 
would  indicate  an  alkaline  condition  of  the  soil.  The  same  is  mostly 
true  c.r  the  California  'J'lopict]  region.  On  the  other  hand  many  spor^ins 
ff  Astragalus  gn^^ing  in  humus  and  presumably  add  soils  ar^  bluish 
such  as  agrestis,  crassicarp  is,  elegans,  Bourgovii,  argophyllus,  sim- 
plicifoliiis,  montanus,  debilis,  andinus,  etc.  Iron  in  the  soil  seems 
to  highten  the  colors.  Lime  is  almost  everywhere  at  the  north  as 
limestone,  but  is  at  best  a  neutral  alkali  and  not  active  as  are 
those  of  the  Great  Basin  and  the  south. 


TOPOGRAPHY. 

The  map  published  with  this  shows  the  topography  of  the  United 
States.  The  British  American  portion  of  North  America  is  the  same 
continuation  of  low  elevations  on  the  east,  spruce  forests  of  the 
Upper    Temperate    life   zone,    to    the    Arctic. 

The  region  east  of  the  mountains  in  Alberta  is  a  coutinuation  of 
the  Montana  Plains  region  to  the  Saskatchewan,  thence  northw^ard  is 
the  Spruce  region  to  the  Arctic. 

West  of  the  Plains  there  is  a  low  valley  here  and  there  which  has 
the  Middle  Temperate  flora,  particularly  the  branches  of  the  Columbia, 
and  the  Fraser  river  region.  All  else  is  Upper  Temperate,  with 
the  alpine  on  all  the  ranges  of  mountains. 

The  Mexican  region  is  a  continuation  of  the  Arizona  floor  at 
about  2000  to  3000  feet  altitude  nearly  to  Mexico  City.  On  the  western 
edge  of  the  floor  about  in  a  line  south  of  Tucson  Arizona  to  Deming 
New  Mexico  the  floor  rises  into  a  vast  plateau  from  6000  to  SOOO  feet 
altitude  and  about  30  miles  wide  and  300  miles  long,  called  the 
Sierra  Madre  mountains.  West  of  this  the  country  breaks  down  into 
immense  barranccs  or  canons  to  the  sea  and  with  a  Tropical  climate. 
This  barranca  condition  of  the  west  slope  continues  nearly  throughout 
Mexico  southward  at  least  beyond  Colima.  East  of  the  Sierra  Madre 
Plateau  from  the  floor  of  the  country  rise  scattered  and  low  ranges 
of  mountains  in  Coahuila  San  Luis  Potosi  etc.  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
water  shed.  This  whole  region  is  a  very  hot  and  barren  country  with 
very  little  rainfall.  In  the  Zacatecas  region  it  rises  to  SOOO  feet  altitude 
but"  with  little  change  in  the  vegetation.  South  of  Zacatecas  it  drops 
down  again  and  a  wide  area  of  desert  runs  out  to  Guadalajara.    South 


59 

of  this  the  region  is  a  network  of  ranges  and  volcanic  peaks  where  the 
Tropical  vegetation  reaches  8000  feet  altitude,  and  the  peaks  sometimes 
reach  the  Lower  Temperate,  but  rarely  they  extend  higher  to  the  Middle 
Temperate,  and  only  very  rarely  as  on  Orizaba,  Popocatapetl,  and  Mt. 
Colima  do  they  reach  the  alpine.  The  lowlands  about  Colima  and 
Tampico  southward  have  the  dense  vegetation  and  summer  rains  of 
the  humid  Tropics.  This  is  about  as  far  as  species  of  Astragalus  extend 
except  a  very  few.  The  plateau  floor  from  Arizona  southward  is 
Tropical,  i^ower  California  has  a  low  range  of  mountains  the  entire 
length  but  the  flora  rarely  gets  up  out  of  the  Tropical.  San  Pedro 
Martir  is  an  exception. 

The  upper  limits  of  the  Tropical  in  the  United  States  rarely 
reaches  3000  feet  altitude.  In  the  Arizona  region  they  are  about  4000 
feet,  and  rise  as  you  go  southward. 

The  upper  limits  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  reach  about 
5000  feet  in  the  Great  Basin,  but  drop  to  about  1000  feet  in  the  Colum- 
bia Basin.    In  the  south  in  Arizona  they  often  reach  8000  feet  altitude. 

Topographical  details  can  be  worked  out  on  the  map,  and  the 
general  zonal  limits  are  best  seen  there. 


NOMENCLATURE. 

It  has  been  my  plan  to  make  as  few  changes  in  names  as  possible. 
The  Vienna  Code  has  been  followed  in  the  main  and  therefore  the 
oldest  published  name  has  been  retained,  except  the  meanin2:less 
Astragalus  astragalinus,  for  which  I  have  substituted  the  A.  andinus 
of  Nuttall.  It  is  however  my  judgment  that  the  Grayan  method  of 
retaining  the  oldest  name  in  the  genus  is  better  and  productive  of  little 
confusion,  while  the  present  method  produces  endless  confusion.  I 
do  not  adopt  the  dictum  "Once  a  synonym  always  a  synonym,"  but  I 
have  used  the  name  of  a  species  even  if  the  same  name  has  been  used 
for  a  species  before  that  was  a  synonym  of  some  earlier  species,  or 
belonged  to  another  genus.  I  have  rejected  Greene's  substitutes  for 
Sheldon's  hybrid  names,  for  the  reason  that  if  we  reject  hybrid  names 
we  shall  have  to  go  much  farther  back  than  Sheldon. 

I  retain  Astragalus  for  the  reason  that  it  is  the  earliest  name  and 
the  one  generally  accepted  by  the  botanical  World.  The  fact  that 
it  is  preceded  in  the  Species  Plantarum  by  Phaca  should  not  require  the 
rejection  of  the  genus,  for  the  genus  was  proposed  by  Tournefort  and 
retained  by  Linnseus  in  his  Systema  before  Phaca  was  created. 

Priority  is  the  ony  true  basis  for  nomenclatural  stability  but  no 
one  however  zealous  an  adherent  of  this  dictum  accepts  it  without 
the  narrowest  limitations.  If  we  could  ever  know  what  was  the  true 
priority  in  each  case  it  would  require  the  renaming  of  almost  every 
genus  and  species  in  the  world  as  \  have  already  pointed  out.  This  be- 
ing out  of  the  question  the  next  thing  is  the  general  consent  of  botan- 
ists. This  has  crystallized  so  that  at  the  present  time  there  is  a  general 
assent  to  main  points,  which  is  that  old  names  shall  not  be  changed  on 
a  technicality,  and  that  in  other  respects  1753  shall  be  the  beginning 
date  of  nomenclature.  The  exceptions  of  the  Vienna  Code  cover  most 
of  the  desirable  reservations  from  the  strict  application  of  priority. 
There  should  be  certain  other  exceptions  of  genera.  There  should 
be  the  abrogation  of  the  rule  about  Latin  descriptions,  and  the  rejec- 
tion of  all  genera  proposed  in  early  days  that  were  not  accompanied 
by  species.  This  will  rule  out  the  genera  of  Adanson,  Necker,  and 
others,  unless  they  were  provided  with  species  by  others  before  any 
other  generic  names  were  proposed  for  them. 


60 


KEYS. 

The  keys  are  constructed  in  the  usual  way,  and  indented  in  the 
same  way.  in  addition  the  system  of  Capital  letters  in  used  to  pre- 
vent any  conffusion  (which  often  occurs  in  the  old  way).  The  letter 
"A"  represents  the  first  section  of  each  main  group  such  as  the  Hom- 
alobi.  Each  succeeding  "A"  represents  a  coorelative  section  of  the 
same  group.  The  letter  "B"  stands  for  the  first  subsection,  of  "A", 
and  every  other  "B"  stands  in  the  same  relation,  and  so  on  with  every 
letter  used,  each  one  is  subsidiary  to  the  letter  which  precedes  it  in 
the  alphabet.  5A6B3C2D  represents  the  second  division  of  the  third 
division  of  the  sixth  division  of  the  fifth  division  of  the  main  group. 


61 


ARTIFICIAL  KEY  TO  ASTRAGALUS  GROUPS. 

A.  Pods  wholly  1-celled  and  without  any  intrusion  within  the 
cell  of  either  suture,  but  pods  may  be  grooved  at  either 
suture. 
AB.    Pods  narrow  or  small,  the  cross  section  not  over  4  mm. 
long-,  neither  inflated  nor  fleshy. 
ABC.    Pods  narrow,  mostly  laterally  flattened. 

1.     Homalobi. 
AB2C.    Pods  oblong-  to  oval,  obcompressed  and  bisulcate 
ventrally. 
Pods  erect  and  sessile  23.  Ocreati 

Pods  pendent  and  stipitate  24.  Bisulcati. 

AB3C.     Pods  short  and  broad,  inclined  to  be  obliquely 
ovate,  seldom  longer  than  calyx,  mostly  rigid. 
Walls    rigid,      Plants    mostly    caespitose    or    acaules- 
cent  and  densely  tufted. 
Flowers  not  large.  1.  Homalobi. 

Flowers  large  and  white.    Pods  shorter 

than  calyx  2.  Triphylli. 

Walls  not  rigid  (except  in  leptaleus).     Stems  slender 

and  weak. 

Annuals  A.  quinqueflorus. 

Perennials  growing  in  damp  meadows.     3.  Debiles. 

A2B.    Pods  narrow  and  large,  stipitate,  mostly  curved,  not 

inflated,  fleshv  or  with  rigid  walls,  with  cross  section 

over  4  mm.  long.    Some  forms  of  A.  humistratus  might 

come  here. 

Flowers  ochroleucous  with  woolly  calyx,  stubby,  many. 

7.  Collini. 

Flowers  mostly  purple,  more  scattered,  without  woolly 

calyx.  10.  Reventi-Arrecti. 

A3B.    Pods  broad  narrow  in  flexuosus,  etc.,  inclined  to  be 

inflated   and   mottled   and   with   short   and   spreading 

pubescence  at  least  on  the  leaves,  firm  but  not  fleshy, 

Flowers  purple  and  mostly  small.     Stems  slender  and 

tufted.  17.  Flexuosi. 

A4B.    Pods  broad  and  very  fleshy,  or  narrowed  at  tips  and 

winged  or  angled.  8.  Podo-sclerocarpi. 

2A.    Pods  incompletely  2-celled  by  one  or  both  sutures  being 

reised  as  a  ridge  or  partial  partition  within. 


62 

2AB.  Dorsal  suture  neither  raised  nor  intruded.  Ventral 
suture  produced  somewhat  along  the  middle.  Pods 
inflated  and  with  papery  walls  (rarely  leathery  in  A. 
lentiginosus)  4.  Inflati. 

2A2B.    Dorsal  suture,  either  a  raised  line  within  or  slightly 
produced,  the  ventral  seldom  produced. 
2A2BC.    Walls  almost  papery,  pods  slightly  inflated. 

Pods  sessile.  5.  Sparsiflori. 

Pods  stipitate  and  mostly  pendent.  6.  Alpini 

2A2B2C.     Walls  rigid   or  a  little   fleshy.     Pods  mostly 

stipitate. 

Pods  ascending  to  erect,  abruptly  if  at  all  pointed  below. 

10.  Reventi-Arrecti. 
Pods    pendent,    tapering    below,    explanate    with    age. 

26.  Lonchocarpi. 
2A2E3C.  Pods  sessile,  rarely  inflated,  oblong  to  broad- 
ly-ovate, oblique.  Dorsal  suture  a  raised  line  only 
within.  Walls  variably  fleshy,  mostly  hairy  or  wool- 
ly without.  Flowers  purple,  rarely  white, 
mostly  large.  Plants  caespitose,  acaulescent,  or 
pulpy  with  short  stems,  never  erect.  18.  Argophylli. 
2A2B4C.  Dorsal  suture  a  raised  ridge  within.  Pods 
mostly  stipitate,  broad  to  round,  inflated,  with  rigid 
walls  not  hairy  when  mature,  variably  fleshy.  Flow- 
ers large.    Stems  erect  mostly.    Leaflets  broad. 

9.  Preussii. 
3A.     Pods  wholly  or  nearly  2-celled  by  intrusion  of  sutures. 
SAB.    Pods  with  dorsal  suture  intruded  to  or  near  the  mid- 
dle, the  ventral  not  intruded  to  speak  of. 
3ABC.     Pods   semingly   wrong   side   up   by   the   ventral 
suture  being  the  more  arched. 
Pods  rigid,  rarely  fleshy  or  papery,  not  inflated, 
mostly  pendent,  slightly  if  at  all  stipitate. 
oblong  or  narrower,  as  broad  as  high. 
Flower  scattered  and  small.  15.  Atrati. 

Flowers  large   and   densely   spicate.        Pods  nearly 
linear. 
Leaflets  broad  and  flat,  many 

25.  Galegiformes. 
Leaflets  very  narrow  and  few.      26.  Lonchocarpi. 
Pods  papery,  inclin*^d  to  be  a  little  inflated,  stipitate, 
mostly  pendent.    (A.  scopulorum  and  racemous.) 

16.  Strigulosi. 

Pods  a  little  fleshy  and  inclined  to  be  a  little  inflated, 

ascending  in  dense  spike  on  tall  stems.     Flowers 

white.  11.  Uliginosi. 


63 

3AB2C.     Pods  with  ventral  suture  not  the  more 
arched  rather  fleshy. 
Flowers  not  small,  many. 

Pods  erect  or  ascending.    Flowers  large. 

Flowers  purple.     Pods  linear  to  narrowly  oblong, 

reniform  to  elliptical  in  cross  section,  nearly 

straight.  19.  Malaci. 

Flowers    white    or    cream-colored.      Pods    curved, 

linear,  triquetrous  in  cross  section,  smooth. 

20.  Succumbens. 

Pods  pendulous,  narrow.     Flowers  v/hite  or  cre?.m- 

colored. 

Pods  not  long-tapering  below.        25.  Galegiformes. 

Pods  long-tapering  below.  26.  Lonchocarpi. 

Pods  spreading,  rarely  erect,  broad  and  thick,  mostly 

very   fleshy.       Leaflets    long   narrow    and    few. 

Stems  coarse.  8.  Podo-sclerocarpi. 

Flowers  small.    Pods  spreading.     Low  plants. 

14.  Lotiflori. 
3A2B.     Pods  wholly  2-celled  except  at  tip.     Both  sutures 
variously  intruded. 
Pods  inflated,  mostly  papery,  not  small,  not  shaggy. 
Pods  spherical  to  oval.    Stems  very  slender. 

A.  platytropis. 
Pods  oval  to  ovate,  oblique.    Stems  not  delicate. 
Pods  sessile.  A.  lentiginosus. 

Pods  stipitate.  A.  Bolanderi  and  vallaris. 

Pods  somewhat  to  not  at  all  inflated. 

Pods  not  small,  rarely  narrow,  not  triquetrous. 
Pods  plum-shaped  and  very  fleshy. 
Pods  sessile.  22.  Sarcocarpi. 

Pods  stipitate.  A.  accidens. 

Pods  oblong  and  oblique,  fleshy,  stipitate. 

A.  pachypus. 
Pods  narrowly  oblong  to  oval,  leathery,  inclined 
to  be  shaggy  or  leaves  shaggy.        21.  Mollissimi. 
Pods  small  or  narrow,  triquetrous  to  didymous  in 
cross  section. 
Pods  triquetrous  in  cross  section,  rarely  reniform, 
mostly  narrow  and  curved,  mostly  reflexed. 


64 

Pereimails.    Flowers  not  very  small. 

Flowers  very  large.  A.  succmnbens. 

Flowers  medium-sized.    Northern  plants. 

(A.  nitidus.)  27.  Hamosi. 

Flowers  very  small,  mostly  Mexican. 

29.  Micranthi. 

Annuals.  28.  Leptocarpi. 

Pods  didymous  to  reniform,  cross-ribbed  small. 
Perennials. 

Flowers  and  fruit  in  dense  heads. 

12.  Hypoglottides. 

Flowers  and  fruit  in  spikes. 

13.  Chaetodontes. 
Annuals.                                           30.   Didymocarpi. 


f)5 


HOMALOBI. 

Pods  wholly  1-celled,  witli  rib-like  sutures  which  are 
neither  conspicuously  raised  as  sharp  edges  nor  intruded 
as  partitions,  splitting  along  both  sutures  from  the  tip,  (from 
the  base  in  A.  stenophyllus),  rarely  sulcate  dorsally,  not  at 
all  ventrally,  with  walls  papery  to  thin-coriaceous,  rarely  a 
little  inflated,  with  body  linear  to  oblanceolate  or  rarely  nar- 
1  owly  oblong  to  half-oval.  Flowers  racemose,  rarely  capi- 
tate.    Perennials   (A.  quinqueflorus  is  annual.) 

J8^°°     The  synonymy  in  the  text  is  much  abbreviated  to  avoid  packing  the  de- 
scriptions with  useless  matter.     Complete  synonymy  is  given  in  the  Index 
where  all  names  are  found  under  the  recognized  species  to  which  they  belong. 
Abbreviated  cross  references  are  given  under  generic  synonyms  simply  to  aid 
in  finding  the  correct  name. 

Key 

A.      Pods    papery,    reflexed,   with    sutures   thicker  than    the   walls    (not 
evidently    so    in    the    stenophyllus    group),    not    sulcate,    normally 
completely  laterally  flattened  when   immature  and  mostly  so  when 
ripe,  abruptly  apiculate,  with  suture  the  more  arched  except  rarely 
in   A.  sitenophyllus,   narrowed   below.      Pedicels  not  twisted. 
AB.      Calyx    almost    turbinate,    1-2    mm.    long,    the    slender   teeth    at 
least   half  as   long   as  but   little   longer  than   tube.     Stipules  con- 
spicuously   connate.       Foliage     inclined    to     blacken    on    drying. 
Weak,   much   branched,  and   very  slender   plants  with   small   and 
purplish  (rarely  whitish)  flowers.     Leaflets  long-petiolulate  acute 
at   base   and    narrowed.      Pods   aln.ost   sessile   or   on   a   stipe    not 
much   longer  than   calyx,   narrowly  oblong   to   half-oval,  with   the 
sutures  prominent. 
ABC.     Calyx  teeth  decidedly  shorter  than  the  tube.     Ribs  of  pods 
conspicuous.      Peduncles   elongated    and   subterminal    and   with 
the   rachls  often   a  foot   long.      Leaflets   distant,   mostly  folded 
and   rather  thick,  but  really  oblong,  seemingly   linear.     Leaves 
never  sessile.     Perennials  of  dry  and  open  mountain  slopes  in 
Lower  Temperate    Life  zone.     Tenelli. 

1  Wingatensis, 

2  tenelliis. 

AB2C.  Calyx  teeth  longer  than  the  tube  and  unequal,  tube  about 
2  mm.  long.  Pods  short-oblong  to  half-oval,  ashy,  inflated  and 
cross-section  deltcid-ovaite,  not  1  cm.  long  (about  8  mm.)  3-5 
mm.  hinh,  about  sessile.  Ventral  suture  nearly  straight,  the 
dorsal  much  arched.  Flowers  purplish,  ascending,  5-7  mm. 
long,  in  short  racemes  on  short  and  filiform  peduncles  which 
are  much  shorter  than  the  leaves  and  solitary  and  axillary 
nearly  throuphout.  Leaves  all  petioled.  rarely  6  cm.  lonq. 
Leaflets  nearly  linear  and  acutish  at  both  ends  to  narrowly 
elliptical  and  obtus^.  thin,  nearly  2  cm.  lonq.  Pubescence 
ashy  throughout.  A.  pauciflorus  and  miser  might  be  sought 
here  as  they  are  near  relatives  but  becaus-^  of  much  inflated 
pods  and  ventral  suture  being  less  arched  they  are  placed  in 
the   inflati. 

^__ — CoK«»I. 


66 

A2B.  Calyx  short-cylindrical  to  almost  campanuiate,  teeth  shorter 
than  the  tube  and  mostly  very  short.  Pods  inclined  to  be  larger 
above  and  tapering  into  a  long  and  filiform  stipe  at  base,  acute 
at  tip,  very  flat,  about  straight,  2-4  cm.  long  exclusive  of  th« 
stipe,  smooth.  Flowers  fully  1  cm.  long.  Leaflets  distant, 
1-2  cm.  long,  mostly  acute  and  mostly  linear.  Peduncles  elon- 
gated a-nd  subterminal 

A2BC.     Flowers   bright   pink-purple,  few.     Stipules   connate   below. 
Calyx  teeth   rather  narrow.     Pods  opening  first   at  tip. 
3  CoKonl. 

A2B2C.  Flowers  ochroleucous  or  white,  rather  many.  Calyx  teeth 
broad  and  mostly  deltoid.  Lower  rib  of  the  pod  a  mere  linij 
and  inconspicuous.  Stipes  capillary.  Pecl»jncles  slender. 
Pedicels  slender,  2-4  times  as  long  as  bracts.  Stems  erect  and 
branching  above,  2-3  ft,  high.  Leaflets  7-15  pairs,  long-petiolu- 
late.  Upper  leaves  about  sessile,  the  lower  short-petioled, 
spreading.  Leaf  rachis  conspicuously  tapering. 
4         stenophyllus. 

5  Antiselli. 

2A.      Pods    not   papery,    rather   rigid    and    almost    leathery,    rarely    nar- 
rower below  than  at  tip,  with  sutures   not  conspicuously  thicken- 
ed,  though    evident   and   acuminate   at  tip. 
2AB.     Pods   conspicuously   stipitate.      This   group    seems   to   connect 
with  the  Podo-sclerocarpi,  but  is  equally  as  near  as  the  Homalobi 
2ABC.      Pods    erect,    conspicuously    laterally    flattened.       Leaflets 
nearly   round,    leathery,    broadly   cuneate   below.      Whole   plant 
smooth  except  for  a  few  hairs  on  the  calyx. 

6  porrectus. 

2AB2C.  Pods  long-stipitste,  acuminate  at  both  ends,  linear,  re- 
flexed  or  widely  spreading,  mottled,  the  body  3-4  cm.  long, 
3-5  mm.  wide,  much  laterally  flattened,  the  ventral  suture 
the  more  arched  and  ood  inclined  to  be  recurved.  Rather 
straggling,  slender  plants  2-3  ft.  long.  Pedicels  not  twisted 
though   pods  appear  upside  down.      Inversi. 

7  Californicus. 

8  inversus. 

2A2B.  Pods  narrow,  mostly  sessile  or  with  a  minute  stipe,  mostly 
linear  or  oblanceolate,  sharply  acute,  ending  in  a  filiform  tip, 
when  young  flat  and  knife-like  and  inclined  to  be  larger  above 
(not  so  in  Episcopus  and  normally  in  most  forms  of  junceus), 
when  mature  flat  at  tio  and  also  flat  at  base  (except  in  forms 
of  Junceus),  the  middle  section  being  obovate  elliptical  (flat 
in  Episcopus)  or  rarelv  cordate  when  sulcate  in  one  form  of 
of  campestris,  mostly  narrowed  into  the  calyx,  tip  nearly  always 
declined,  the  ventral  suture  normally  more  arched  (convex)  than 
dorsal  at  least  toward  the  tip  cf  pod  but  seeming  less  so  because 
of  the  twisted  pedicel  which  brings  the  pod  wrong  side  up,  rare- 
ly in  forms  of  junceus  the  pods  are  falcate  upwards  and  with 
ventral  suture  concave.  Pods  rgco-iose,  widely  spreading  or 
reflexed  smooth  when  mature.  Flowers  capitate  rarely,  mostly 
racemose,  widely  spreading  or  reflexed,  rather  greenish  white 
with  the  keel  purple-tipped  and  sometimes  the  banner,  short 
and  stubby,  rarely  1  cm.  long,  Bracts  short  and  sharp,  rarely 
as  long  as  pedicels  in  fruit.  Keel  greatly  incurved.  Slender 
plants  growing  in  tufts  from  slender  crown-branchpes.„„^<»om 
tap  root,  mostly  low  and  weak.  Leaves  narrow  with  rather 
distant  leaflets  and  with  t^"?  slender  petiole  mostly  as  long  as 
the  rachis,  or  the  leaflets  rudimentnr/  or  absent  f.'-om  the  rjsh- 
like   rachis.     Campestres. 


6   7 

2A2BC.     Pods  wider  above,  conspicuously  flattened  laterally  except 
in  the  middle,  the  valves  twisting  at  maturity  and  opening  at 
tip  and  to  base.     Banner  erect,  oblong.     Keel  erect  and  mostly 
produced  and  very  sharp.     Calyx  teeth  very  sharp  and   mostly 
subulate.     Leaves  never  all   filiform.     Stems  rarely  wiry. 
9         campestris. 
2A2B2C.     Pods  mostly  about  the  same  width  from  tip  to  base,  about 
flat  when  ripe  (conspicuously  flattened  when  young,  and  round 
in   cross-section   when   ripe   in   A.   junceus),   not   noticeably  sul- 
cate.      Leaflets   mostly   like   the    rachis,  that   is   round,   filiform 
and  sulcate,  1-2  pairs,  rarely  some  are  flattened  a  little  or  the 
rachis  flattened   and   enlarged   toward   the   tip  and   phyllodium- 
like,  rarely  jointed  to  rachis.     Stems  wiry  and  rush-like,  wide- 
ly branching,  open,  erect,  green.     Peduncles,  stems  and   leaves 
about   all   alike   and   tapering.      Flowers   and    pods   in    loose   ra- 
cemes and  pods  reflexed,  except  in  A.  Woodruffi.     Inflorescence 
longer  than  the   elongated   leaves.     Stipules  thick,  green,  with 
a  broad   base,   not  connate.     Mostly  tufted   plants  about  2  veet 
high. 
2A2B2CD.      Proper    peduncles    shorter    than    the    leaves.      Calyx 
teeth    minute   and    blunt.      Stipules    narrow.      Pedicels   about 
four  times  the   bracts.      Bracts   minute,  triangular. 

10  junceus. 

11  Episcopus. 

2A2B2C2D.  Pedicels  not  longer  than  the  bracts,  2-4  mm.  long 
Calyx  teeth  subulate,  at  least  one  third  to  a  half  the  tube  in 
length,   reddish.      Peduncles   much   longer  than  the   leaves. 

12  lancearius. 

13  Woodruffi. 

2A2B3C.     Pods  about  the  same  width  throughout,  linear,  abruptly 

acute,  little  compressed,  straight  or  nearly  so,  slightly  sulcate 

dorsally.     Calyx  teeth  subulate,  longer  than  the  tube.     Leaflets 

linear-oblanceolate,  not  like  the  rachis,  not  opposite,  3-5  pairs. 

Peduncles    axillary,    short.      Pods    reflexed    in    racemes    longer 

than    the    peduncles.      Bracts   and    stipules    minute. 

13a        pasqualensis. 

3A.     Casspiitose   or   acaulescent   plants   with    small    and   mostly   arched, 

short  and  stubby  flowers  with  short  claws,  rarely  9  mm.  long   (1.5 

cm.    long    in    detritalis),    single    to    few,    mostly    racemose,    rarely 

capitate,    sessile    or    short-pediceled.      Calyx    campanulate    (rarely 

cylindrical    in    detritalis)    and    short,   wiith    the    mostly   short   teeth 

not    longer   than    the   tube.      Peduncles    none   or   short,    long    in    A. 

Gilensis  and   quinqueflorus.      Pods  small,  sessile,   not  wider  above, 

little  longer  than  calyx,  mostly  laterally  flattened,  oblique,  charta- 

ceous,   or  thinly   coriaceous   never  erect,   even   the   flowers   mostly 

reflexed,    the    ventral     suture    normally    concave,     rarely    convex. 

Seeds  single   or  few.      Stipules   large,    (small    in   A.   quinqueflorus) 

sheathing    or    rarely   free,    mostly    long-hairy    below.      Pedicels    not 

twisted.      Pubescence   mostly  closely   appressed   and   silvery. 

3AB.      Leaflets    with    sharp    needle-like    tips.      Pubescence    attached 

by  the  middle  or  no(t  at  the  end    (except  in  the  var.  tegetirius). 

The   terminal    leaflet   at    least    not   joined    to    the    rachis    (except 

in    detritalis).      Flowers    purole.      Keel    tin    not   produced. 

3ABC.      Acaulescent    and    casspitose    plants.      Flowers    on    evident 

peduncles.      Leaflets  when    present   olaced   nt  the   ends  of  the 

evident    petioles.      Bracts    large    and    hyaline.      Pods    linear   to 

ovate,    not    sulcate,    about    1    cm.    long    (longer    in    detritalis), 

very     sharp-pointed.      Ventral     suture     straight     or     concave, 

sometimes   convex   at   tip.      Leaflets   flat. 

14  simplicifolius. 

15  detritalis. 


08 

3AB2C.      Kentrophyti.     Caespitose     and      prostrate      plants.        (one 
variety   erect)    with    densely    matted    stems   which    are    mostly 
very   slender   and    with    very    short    internodes.    mostly    longer 
than   the   stipules.      Flowers   nearly   sessile   among   the   leaves, 
blooming    throughout    the    summer,    reflexed    as    well    as    the 
pods.       Bracts    minute,    shorters    than    the    pedicels.       Leaves 
very  short  or  with  no  petiole,  the  whole  rarely  2  cm.  long.   Leaf 
lets    folded,    elliptical    to    nearly    linear,    acuminate    and    acer- 
ose    not   jointed    to    the    rachis,    with    thick    midrib,    2-3    pairs. 
Flowers  very  small   and  very  much  arched  and   hooded.     Pods 
rarely   over   4   mm.    long,   claw    like,    ovate    or   broadly   oblong, 
rarely  twice   the   calyx,   about   1-seeded.     This   group   connects 
directly    with    the    Humistrati. 
i6         raontanus. 
3A2B.     Caespitose     or     decumbent     and     widely     spreading.       Plants 
with    slender   stems   when    less   condensed,   and    mostly   with    in- 
ternodes  many  times   longer  than   stipules.     Stipules   large,  con- 
nate,     hyaline.         Flowers    small     and    stubby    on    conspicuous 
short    pedicels,    inclined    to    be    subracemose,    ascending    to    hori- 
zontal,   with    conspicuous    and    subulate     (rarely    ovate)     bracts 
which   are   much   longer  than   pedicels.      Keel   tip  triangular  and 
sharp.       Leaves    with    conspicuous    petioles    when     leaflets    are 
less   than    5    pairs.      Leaflets   3-10   pairs,   close-set    (more   distant 
in    A.    humistratus    var.    tenerrimus)    flat    or    rarely    folded,    all 
jointed   to   rachis  not  acerose   nor  with   thick   midrib,   with   hairs 
not    attached    at    the    end    but    closely    appressed    and    straight. 
Bracts   elongated.      Pods   conspicuously    lunate    or   ovate    or   fal- 
cate-oblong   and    abruptly   contracted    at   tip   to   a    long    and    aci- 
cular    point,    much     longer    tthan    calyx,    1-2    cm.     long,    mostly 
conspicuously  compressed    laterally  and   with   cross  section   obo- 
vate    to    obcordate    chartaceous,    nearly    smooth,    mostly    SL-lcate 
dorsally  to  the  middle  but  not  at  tip  or  base,  cavity  larger  than 
the    seeds    and    a    little    inflated,    few-seeded.      Plants    blooimng 
all    summer.     Humistrati. 

17  humistratus. 

18  sesqulflorua. 

Pods  minute  or  seldom  as  long  as  calyx,  one  seeded,  never  1  cm. 
long,    elliptical    to    ovate.      Leaves    with    slender    petioles,    hairy 
with   closely   appretsed   and   straight   hairs. 
3A3B.     Caespitose   and   acaulcscent   plants  or  with   stems  with    inter- 
nodes not  longer  than  the  large,  connate,  hyaline,  hairy  and   im- 
bricated    stipules.       Leaflets    obtuse.       Bracts     relatively     larg«, 
about  equaling  the  calyx,   longer  than  the   pedicel   in   humillimus 
Pubescence    not    attached    at   the    ond    exceot    in    A.   troglodytes. 
3A3BC.      Leaflets    3-8    pairs,    elliptical    to    oval,    mostly    flat.    .Ped- 
uncles   conspicuous.      Humillimi. 
3A3BCD.      Flowers  single  to  very  few,  not  over  5  mm.   long. 

19  humillimus. 

3A3BC2D.  Flowers  10  or  more  in  heads  or  spikes  on  very  short 
pedicels  and  with  long-triangular  bracts  about  equaling 
the  calyx.  Peduncles  conspicuously  longer  than  the  leaves 
(about  twice  as  long)  and  ascending  or  erect,  relatively  stout 
Crowns  few  and  large,  woody.  Leaves  narrow,  about  1  dm. 
long,  with  6-10  pairs  of  elliptical  flat,  leaflets  5-10  mm. 
long  and  contiguous.  Pods  somewhat  longer  than  the  calyx 
and  splitting  it.  Flowers  not  less  than  5  mm.  long.  Calvx 
teeth  about  or  a  little  more  than  half  the  tube  which  is 
obliquely  conic  and  3-4  mm.  long  and  spreading. 
,  20         Gilensis. 


69 

3A3B2C.      Leaflets  digitate   and   mostly  a  single   pair,  oblanceolate 
and   apiculate,   never   minute.      Stems   caespitose   often   a   mere 
crown,  always  with  overlapping  stipules  whch  are  very  shaggy 
with    long   hairs.      Flowers   purple.      Plants   blooming   early. 
21  sericoleucus. 

3A4B.  Stems  casspitose,  very  many,  prostrate,  very  slend.^r  with 
internodes  much  longer  than  the  large  and  not  connate  Stipules. 
Flowers  white,  small  in  axillary  heads.  Pods  oval-ovate,  about 
4  mm.  long.  Leaflets  very  small  and  nearly  round. 
22  tegetarioides. 
3A5B.  Slender  plants,  apparently  winter  annuals,  with  ascending 
to  prostrate  stems  a  few  inches  long  from  the  crown  of  a  slender 
root.  Flowers  racemose,  few.  Pods  chartaceous,  a  little 
inflated  about  7  mm.  long,  with  ventral  suture  conspicuously 
arched  and  dorsal  straight.  Leaflets  linear.  Peduncles  elon- 
gated .  It  is  possible  that  this  belongs  in  the  Inflati,  but  at 
present   I    place    it   here. 

23        quinqueflorus. 

1.  Astragalus  Wingatensis  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  18  192(1888) 
Homalobus  Rydberg.  Pods  straight,  but  oblique,  narrowly  oblong,  flat  • 
in  the  type,  about  15  mm,  long  and  3  mm.  high,  smooth  and  inclined 
to  be  mottled,  the  dorsal  suture  only  a  little  convex  and  the  declined 
tip  nearly  in  line  with  it,  seeds  3  or  more  maturing.  Flowers  10-20 
in  a  long  and  very  open  raceme,  erect  or  spreading,  5-7  mm.  long. 
F3anner  abruptly  arched  at  calyx  tips  to  45  to  100  degrees, 
3-4  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide,  about  2-4  mm.  longer  than  keel, 
broadly  ovate  to  oval  deeply  notched,  purple-veined.  Wings  oblong. 
3-4  mm.  long,  entire,  about  about  2  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  ap- 
pearing as  if  as  long  as  banner  by  its  being  arched  back,  ascending 
or  much  arched,  flat  to  keel.  Keel  very  blunt,  the  tip  much  incurved 
and  rounded,  purple-tipped,  surpassing  the  calyx  teeth  by  about  2 
mm.  the  tip  oval,  about  2  mm.  wide,  base  straight.  Calyx  nigres- 
cent, tube  about  2  mm.  long  and  the  teeth  about  1  mm.  long  and 
broadly  triangular  to  filiform  and  about  equal.  Pedicels  1-3  mm. 
long,  slender.  Bracts  small  but  evident,  persistent,  hyaline.  Pedun- 
cles grooved,  subterminal,  7-14  cm.  long  or  more  including  the  rachia 
which  is  about  2-3  times  the  whole,  longer  than  the  leaves,  filiform  and 
tapering,  erect.  Leaves  never  sessile,  2.5-7  cm.  long.  Leaflets  3-6 
pairs,  distant,  on  small  plants  4-10  mm.  long,  on  larger  ones  2-3 
cm.  long,  elliptical  to  linear,  distant,  truncate  to  notched,  mostly 
folded  and  rather  thick.  Stipules  with  the  free  tips  triangular  in 
the  upper  axils.  Stems  widely  spreading  and  not  densely  branched, 
often  2  ft.  long,  from  a  thick  woody  root,  several,  sparsely  leafy. 
Whole  plant  except  the  pods  minutely  pubescent,  the  hairs  very  wide, 
warty,  flat,  sparse.  From  Mounds  Utah  to  Glenwood  Springs  Colo- 
rado and  southward  in  the  Navajo  Basin  to  Fort  Wingate  New  Mex- 
ico. It  blooms  in  May,  and  grows  on  open  and  dry  rocky  slopes 
and    ledges    among    the    junipers.      Lower    Temperate    life    zone. 

Astragalus  Wingatensis  van.  Dodgeanus  (Jones  Zoe  3  289  (1893) 
as  species).  A.  ncevbus  Sheldon  and  A.  nroximus  Rydberg,  Homalo- 
bus dementis  Rvdberg.  This  la  a  stiintate-podded,  form,  often 
nearly  round  in  cross  section,  and  with  flowers  about  5  mm.  lone 
and  white.  The  leaflets  mostly  lir^av  to  mdmentary  .ind  stems 
very  slender.  From  Thompson's  STr'ngs  Utah  to  Glenwood  Springs. 
and  Salida  Colorado.     Same  life  zone. 

2.  Astragalus  tenellus  Pursh  Fl.  473  (1814).  A.  multiflorus 
(Pursh)  Cray.  Ervum  multiflorum  Purs>i.  Tragacantha  Knntze, 
Orobus   dispar  Nutt.   Phaca  nigrescens   Hook.,  A.   nlgrescens    (Hook.) 


70 

Gray,  Homalobus  Brltton.  Pods  1-2  cm.  long,  3-4  mm.  high,  normally 
V  ery  flat  but  often  nearly  round  in  cross-section  in  the  middle,  ab- 
ruptly contracted  at  both  ends,  stipitate  and  with  stipe  often  twice 
the  tube,  mostly  speckled,  smooth  and  shining,  from  nearly  oval  to 
narrowly  oblong,  with  sutures  equally  arched  or  the  dorsal  concave 
and  with  pod  seemingly  recurved  a  little  but  with  tip  in  line  with  the 
dorsal  suture.  Seeds  rarely  more  than  one  maturing.  Flowers  nor- 
mally white,  rarely  purplish,  5-8  mm.  long,  ascending.  Banner  oval 
to  oblong-ovate,  abruptly  arched  at  end  of  calyx  tube  to  45 
to  90  degi-ees.  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide  below  but  not  at  all 
at  tip  which  is  barely  notched;  groove  very  shallow  at  base  and 
forming  a  half  circle  but  reduced  above  to  a  broad  arc  about  2  mm. 
wide  and  then  narrowed  to  tip,  pink-purple-veined,  inclined  to  be 
faintly  colored  from  3  mm.  below  tip;  white  spot  obovate  and  sparse- 
ly veined,  with  blade  swelled  a  little  near  base.  Wings  obliquely 
lanceolate-oblong  and  about  half  of  an  ellipse,  entire,  from  flat  to 
concave  to  keel  to  within  1  mm.  of  tip  and  then  concave  beyond, 
the  left  hand  one  flaring  and  the  other  straight,  1-2  mm.  longer  than 
keel,  I  mm.  wide,  white.  Keel  rounded  to  over  90  degrees  and  pur- 
ple tipped,  the  tip  inclined  to  be  truncate,  about  straight,  surpassing 
calyx  by  2  mm.  Calyx  Hedeoma-like  and  a  little  obcompressed  at 
T.ip,  1  mm.  wide,  nearly  2  mm.  long,  lower  teeth  longer,  setaceous, 
with  rounded  sinuses  fully  and  not  longer  than  the  tube.  Pedicels 
about  1-2  mm.  long,  slender  Bracts  normally  double  the  pedicels 
but  sometimes  short.  Proper  peduncles  very  short,  inclined  to  be  in 
pairs  in  all  but  the  lowest  axils,  one  almost  none  and  the  other 
1-2  cm,  long,  the  floral  rachis  short  to  1  dm.  long  and  scatteringly 
flowered  Leaves  3-8  cm.  long,  nearly  always  closely  sessile  except 
below.  Leaflets  6-19  pairs,  flat,  rarely  2.5  cm.  long,  thin,  3-5  mm. 
wide,  narrowly  elliptical,  some  nearly  linear,  mostly  nearly  con- 
tiguous. Stems  a  foot  or  two  long,  densely  tufted  and  densely  branch 
ed,  not  filiform,  weakly  ascending,  with  internodes  rarely  7  cm.  ling 
and  densely  leafy.  Smooth  plants  inclined  to  dry  black.  Rather 
common  in  shady  places  and  woods  from  the  Saskatchewan  and  the 
Mackenzie  rivers  to  Minnesota  and  Nebraska  and  southward  to 
Now  Mexico,  westward  throughout  Colorado  and  Utah  to  Central 
Novada  East  Humboldt  Mts.  Nevada  and  northward.  Also  on  river 
bottoms  in  Nebraska.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  Some  forms  ap- 
proach A.  Bourgovii. 

3.  Astragalus  Coltoni  Jones  Cont.  2  237  (1891).  Pods  in  the 
type  linear  to  narrowly  obianceolate,  triangular  at  tip,  3-4  mm.  high 
and  3-4  cm.  long.  Stipe  2-3  times  the  calyx.  Flowers  about  1-1.5 
en.  long,  ascending.  Banner  about  a  half  longer  than  keel,  about 
8  turn,  long,  oval,  arched  abruptly  beyond  calyx  to  45  degrees,  with 
sides  reflexed  somewhat.  Wings  about  1  mm.  wide,  nearly  straight, 
about  2  mm  longer  than  keel  and  much  narrower,  light-colored.  Keel 
about  5  mm.  long,  straight  or  nearly  so,  the  tip  abruptly  erect  or  a 
little  more  and  acute  or  turned  out  a  trifle  and  triangular,  purple, 
fltaout  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  about  5  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high. 
a  little  oblique  at  tip,  a  trifle  narrower  below  and  truncate  and 
attached  on  lower  corner  to  a  black-haiiy  and  stout  reflexed  pedicel 
nbo>it  1  mm.  long  which  is  about  equaled  by  the  minute  bract,  ni- 
grescent. Teeth  in  the  type  minute,  triangular.  Peduncles  very  stout 
for  the  plant  and  strict  and  deeply  sulcate,  about  as  thick  as  the 
stems,  often  a  foot  long.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  with  tapering 
and  rigid  and  green  rachis.  Leaflets  very  distant  about  3  (3-5)  pairs, 
linear,  obtuse,  1-2  cm.  long,  sometimes  absent  altogether,  the  ter- 
minal one  simply  the  enlarged  tip  of  rachis  and  not  .iointed  to  it, 
aphy  v.-hpn  young.  Lower  stipules  connate  and  scarious,  the  up- 
per   triangular,    small,    green,    variously    connate    or    free..      Proper 


71 

stems  very  short  and  flexuous,  ascending,  slender,  densely  tufted, 
many,  branched  below,  sulcate  and  green  like  the  peduncles  and 
leaves.  Roots  thick  and  woody.  Grows  on  gravelly  mesas  and  can- 
ons in  open  places  where  it  is  very  dry.  Blooms  in  May.  Throughout 
the  northern  part  of  the  Navajo  Basin  and  as  far  east  as  Grand 
Junction  Colorado.  Rare  outside  of  the  Navajo  Basin.  .  Also  on  the 
ujiper  Sevier  river  at  Vermilion  Utah  and  in  Tintic  Valley  near 
Mammoth.      Lower   Temperate    life    zone. 

Astragalus  Coltoni  var.  Moabensis  Jones  Cont.  8  11  (1898). 
a  foot  high,  leafy,  the  leaflets  all  jointed  to  rachis  and  elliptical  to 
linear.  Pods  obliquely  linear-elliptical,  about  2  cm,  long  and  4  mm. 
high,  rather  abruptly  contracted  at  both  ends,  with  stipe  about 
as  long  as  calyx  or  twice  as  long.  Flowers  brilliant-purple,  with  elon- 
gated banner.  Calyx  teeth  2  mm  long.  Moab  and  Westwater  Utah. 
First  collected  by  Miss  Eastwood.  Very  common  in  the  lower  edge  of 
the  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  on  the  La  Sals  in  the  sagebrush. 
Poisonous  to  hogs. 

Astragalus  Coltoni  var.  aphyllus  n.  var.  Leaflets  none,  the  whole 
Plant  a  mass  of  filiform  and  tapering  leaf  rachises.  Richfield  Utah 
in  the  red  sandstone  cliffs.  A  connecting  form  in  the  San  Rafael 
Swell. 

4.  Astragalus  stenophyllus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  329  (1838).  A.  filipes 
Gray  A.  leptophyllus  Nutt.,  Phaca  Piper,  Homalobus  Rydberg.  Pods 
1.2-4  cm.  long,  4-6  mm.  high,  broadly  linear,  width  about  equal 
throughout,  triangular  at  both  ends,  or  rarely  acuminate,  delicately 
reticulated  but  chiefly  so  in  the  middle,  with  cross-section  diamond- 
shaped  to  ovate  when  fresh  and  with  both  sutures  raised  externally  and 
not  at  all  produced  within,  about  straight  and  a  little  oblique,  opening 
first  at  base  and  with  stipe  dividing;  sutures  equally  arched.  Stipe 
2-4  times  the  calyx.  Pcds  generally  pendent  but  sometimes  horizontal 
Flowers  about  1-1.5  cm.  long,  loosely  racemose,  ascending,  with  ex- 
serted  claws,  light-cream-colored.  Banner  short,  arched  to  45  to  90  de- 
grees 2  mm.  beyond  calyx  teeth,  triangular-ovate  to  oblong,  7-10  mm. 
longer  than  keel,  expanded  and  thickened  at  base  as  in  A.  Beck- 
withii,  acutely  notched,  sides  reflexed  a  little,  groove  very  shallow 
broadly  v-shaped,  about  2  mm.  wide,  a  little  wider  below.  Wings  obo- 
vate  to  lanceolate,  ascending  45  degrees  and  exposing  base  of  keel, 
concave  to  keel,  entire  or  obscurely  toothed  at  the  rounded  tip,  1-3  mm. 
longer  than  keel  and  nearly  as  long  as  banner.  Keel  with  straight 
base  and  tip  sharply  rounded  to  a  half  circle  and  the  blunt  end  pointing 
inward,  about  3  mm.  high,  yellow.  Calyx  about  3  mm.  wide  and  4  mm. 
long,  almost  campanulate,  nearly  equally  inserted  at  the  acutish  fleshy 
base,  greenish-white,  oblique  at  tip  and  cleft  deeper  above  and  with 
broad  sinuses  and  minute  deltoid  blackish  teeth.  Pedicels  2-7  mm.  long, 
mostly  filiform,  much  longer  than  the  minute  hyaline  ovate  bracts. 
Peduncles  2-3  dm.  long,  much  longer  than  the  leaves,  barely  sulcate 
as  are  the  stems,  the  floral  rachis  about  half  as  long  and  10-20  flowered. 
Leaves  hardly  1  dm.  long,  rather  scattered  but  longer  than  the  slender 
internodes.  Leaflets  5-8  pairs,  distant,  about  linear,  1.  5-4  cm.  long,  thin, 
obtuse,  rather  cuneate  at  base  and  on  white  petiolules,  green  as  are 
the  stems  and  peduncles.  Stipules  small,  the  upper  ones  green,  reflexed 
subulate  from  a  deltoid  base,  free,  those  below  hyaline  and  inclined  to 
connate  opposite  the  petioles.  Stems  very  slender  and  erect  In  ra 
ther  dense  tufts,  branching  aT)0ve.  many,  about  2  ft.  high.  Pubescence 
almost  none.  Growing  in  the  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  and  extend- 
ing down  a  little  into  the  Lower,  in  open  gravelly  slopes  and  blooming 
in  summer.  Throuc;hout  the  Columbia  Basin  as  far  east  as  Blackfoot 
Idaho,  throughout  the  northern  part  of  the  Great  Basin  as  fnr  east  as 
Muncy  Spring  Valley  Nevada  and  westward  to  the  western  side  of  the 
Sierras  at  least  on  both  Shasta  slopes  and  northward.  Common  in 
the  northwest,  on  prairies  and  in  the  sagebrush. 


72 

5.  Astragalus  Antiselli  Gray  Bot.  Cal.  1  152  (1876).  A.  Hasseanus 
Sheldon.  Pods  in  the  type  about  2  cm.  long  and  5-7  mm.  high,  not 
much  flattened  laterally  and  with  about  oval  crass-section  finely  ret,i- 
culated  all  over,  oblanceolate  to  narrowly  elliptical,  tapering  from  near 
tip  into  the  dark  filiorm  stipe  which  is  about  3  times  as  long  as  calyx, 
tip  barely  acute  and  apiculate,  sutures  about  equally  arched.  Flowers 
about  1  cm.  long.  Calyx  tube  as  in  A.  stenophyllus  bu't  teeth 
triangular  and  about  half  as  long  as  the  tube.  Pedicels  twice  as  long 
as  the  short  bracts.  Peduncles  1-2  dm.  long,  about  as  long  as  leaves, 
the  rachis  a  half  to  a  third  more  and  rather  densely  flowered.  Leaves 
7-15  cm.  long.  Leaflets  10-16  pairs,  linear-oblong,  to  elliptical-oblong, 
rounded,  1-2  cm.  long,  4-7  mm.  wide,  white-ribbed,  ashy  with  minute 
white  hairs  closely  appressed  and  fixed  by  base.  Stems  slender  but 
rather  rigid  and  from  a  woody  shrubby  base,  ashy,  somewhat  sulcate, , 
erect.  A.  Hasseanus  Sheldon  is  a  form  with  longer  and  more  acuminate 
pods.  This  may  hybridize  with  A.  trichopodus.  On  dry  slopes,  in 
the  hills  of  the  Coast  range  from  San  Luis  Obispo  California  and  south- 
ward,  Antelope  Valley,   Davidson.     Tropical. 

Astragalus  Antiselli  var.  phoxus  Jones  Cont.  10  65  (1902).  A. 
gaviotus  Elmer.  Pods  with  body  about  2  cm.  long,  7  mm.  high  and  1 
mm.  thick,  almost  completely  flattened  laterally,  on  a  stipe  fully  half 
as  long,  oblanceolate  to  linear-elliptical,  sutures  either  equally  arched 
or  the  ventral  the  more  so,  shortly  acuminate  at  both  ends,  opening 
first  at  tip,  apiculate.  Flowers  15-20,  about  1.5  cm.  long.  Banner 
arched  to  erect,  4  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with  sides  reflexed  2  mm. 
wide  in  the  middle  only.  Wings  linear-oblanceolate,  nearly  2  mm. 
longer  than  keel  and  much  narrower,  little  arched.  Keel  exceeding 
the  calyx  tube  by  4  mm.  nearly  straight,  tip  sharply  incurved  to  a 
at  least  110  degrees,  about  3  mm.  high,  blunt,  not  dark.  Pedancies 
(and  stems)  sulcate,  1-3  dm.  long,  stout.  Leaflets  12-15  pairs,  nearly 
contiguous,  oblong-elliptical,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  somewhat  reduced 
above.  Stipules  small  and  not  connate.  The  plants  have  the  habit 
of  A.  leucopsis.  Santa  Inez  river  southern  California  and  vicinity. 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

This  group  connects  directly  with  the  Inflati  through  A.  oxyphysus 
and  trichopodus. 

6.  Astragalus  porrectus  Watson  Bot.  King  75  (1871).  Pods 
about  1.5  cm.  long,  exclusive  of  the  stipe,  about  4  mm.  high  and  2  mm. 
wide,  much  laternally  flfttened,  shortly  acuminate  at  both  ends,  at 
tip  into  a  subulate  and  straight  beak  1-2  mm.  long,  at  base  into  a  very 
stout  tapering  straight  stipe  often  twice  as  long  as  calyx,  arcuate  near 
the  base,  erect  at  tip  or  a  little  incurved  and  calyx  nearly  hori- 
zontal. Flowers  about  1  cm.  long,  white,  ascending,  yellowish  when 
dry.  Banner  oblong-oval,  abruptly  erect  at  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflex- 
ed about  2  mm.  wide  at  base,  less  so  above,  rather  fleshy,  the  ereot 
part  about  1  mm.  long.  Wings  broadly  oblanceolate  or  obliquely  el- 
liptical, acutish,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  2  mm.  shorter 
than  banner,  nearly  2  mm.  wide,  ascending.  Keel  about  3  mm.  long, 
the  base  straight  and  tip  nearly  erect  and  triangular.  Calyx  hyaline 
the  tube  about  3  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  abruptly  rounded  at  base 
and  inserted  a  little  below  the  middle,  the  tria.ngular  teeth  about  half 
as  long.  Pedicels  rather  stout,  about  2  mm.  long  and  equaled  by  the 
triangular  bracts.  Peduncles  stout,  in  the  upper  axils,  about  1  dm. 
long,  the  rachis  often  twice  as  long  or  more.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long, 
short-petioled.  Leaflets  4-6  pairs,  thick,  about  1-1.5  cm.  long,  nearly 
contiguous,  mostly  with  a  broad  notch  at  tip.  Stems  flexuous,  slen- 
der, nearly  erect,  about  2  ft.  high,  from  a  strong  erect  root.  Trinity 
Mts.  Nevada  and  westward  nearly  to  Reno  on  rocky  slopes.  Lov/er 
Temperate    life   zone,    rarely    collected.      Watson,    Miss    Stokes.      The 

plant  called  porrectus  by  Coville  from  Pahrump  Valley  is  A.  Preussil. 

This  plant  has  the  habit  of  A.  Orcuttianus  but  the  pod  is  vetch-like. 


73 

7.  Astragalus  Californicus  (Gray)  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  157 
(1885).  A.  collimis  var.  Californicus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  12  54 
(1876).  Pod  about  triangular  at  each  end  in  the  type  and  straight  but 
varying  to  acuminate  at  both  ends  and  very  arcuate,  4-5  mm.  wide,  the 
cross  section  elliptical,  rather  closely  racemose,  smooth  when  old, 
minutely  hairy  when  young,  pendent,  finely  reticulated  throughout, 
about  the  same  width  throughout,  opening  first  at  tip.  Flowers  white, 
1-1.5  cm.  long,  shortly  and  densely  racemose,  spreading.  Banner  7-10 
mm.  long,  oval,  arched  to  about  45  degrees  and  abruptly  at  end  of 
calyx,  with  sides  much  reflexed  from  the  base,  3-4  mm.  longer  than 
wings.  Wings  linear,  about  1.5  mm.  wide  arched  sometimes  to  45  de- 
grees, about  2.  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  straight  base,  about 
4  mm.  long,  abruptly  arched  to  erect,  the  triangular  tip  rather  nar- 
row and  3-4  mm.  high,  and  inclined  to  truncate,  yellow  at  very  tip. 
Calyx  about  cyliiidric,  about  5  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  very 
slightly  narrower  below,  hairy,  white  and  hyaline,  the  upper  side  a 
trifle  arched  and  the  lov/er  straight,  attached  at  the  lower 
?nd  fleshy  corner  and  nearly  truncate  there,  a  trifle  oblique  at  tip, 
the  triangular  teeth  hardly  one-fourth  as  long  and  nigrescent.  Pedi- 
cels in  flower  1-3  mm.  long  and  about  as  long  as  the  triangular  to 
subulate  papery  bracts,  in  fruit  sometimes  6  mm.  long  and  twice  as 
long  as  bracts.  Peduncles  about  as  stout  as  stems,  sulcate,  strict, 
1-1.5  dm.  long,  about  twice  as  long  as  leaves,  the  floral  rachis  nearly 
as  long.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  the  upper  sessile,  a  little  longer  than 
the  internodes.  Leaflets  7-10  pairs,  5-12  mm.  long  mostly  folded,  acut- 
ish  to  rounded,  broadly  linear  to  linear-oblanceolate,  not  contiguous, 
not  opposite,  cuneate  and  long-petiolulate  at  base,  hoary  with  soft  and 
spreading  wavy  almost  woolly  hairs  fixed  by  the  base.  Stems  not 
slender,  decumbent  below,  a,  little  flexuous,  about  2  ft.  long,  sulcate  and 
green,  tufted  from  rather  woody  root.  Stipules  triangular-subulate, 
rigid  and  reflexed,  green  above,  hyaline  below  and  connate,  small.  The 
stine  in  type  is  hardly  longer  than  the  calyx  but  other  plants  have 
stipe  half  as  long  as  the  pods  and  5  times  as  long  as  calyx.  In  the 
valleys  adjoining  Mt.  Shasta  California  on  the  north.  Middle  Tem- 
perate life  zone,  in  gravelly  places.     Blooming  in  April  and  May. 

8.  Astragalus  inversus  Jones  Cont.  5  276  (1893).  Pods  nearly 
horizontal  or  a  little  reflexed,  2.5-4  cm.  long  exclusive  of  the  rather 
stout  and  tapering  stipe  which  is  about  1  cm.  long,  reddish  when  fresh 
and  purplish  when  dry,  4-6  mm.  high,  nearly  flat  when  dry  but 
little  so  when  fresh,  straight  or  only  a  little  arcuate.  Flowers  very 
loosely  racemose,  few,  ascending,  purplish,  about  1  cm.  long.  Banner 
pinkish  when  fresh,  with  red  stripes  on  the  outside,  about  1  cm.  long, 
elliptical-oblong,  a  trifle  wider  below,  ascending  45  degrees  in  a 
gentle  arc  from  end  of  calyx  tube,  4  mm.  wide  below,  3  mm.  wide  at  tip, 
notched  barely,  with  sides  reflexed  2  mm  wide  below,  appearing  fid- 
dle-shaped by  the  sulcus  being  very  narrowly  LT-shaped  at  base  and 
widening  above  at  the  tip  where  the  sides  are  not  at  all  reflexed, 
sulcus  1  mm.  deep  below,  becoming  a  mere  line  above;  white  spot 
barely  visible  but  its  place  taken  by  purple  veins.  Wings  obliquely 
oblanceolate,  ascending  30  degrees,  3  mm.  wide,  concave  to  keel 
and  flaring,  the  left  hand  one  the  most  so,  erose  at  the  acutish  tij), 
pinkish  with  stripes,  nearly  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  lunate,  about 
2  mm.  wide  in  the  middle,  acute  at  both  ends  and  equally  arched  from 
base  to  the  erect  tip  which  is  yellowish  and  darker,  base  of  keel 
nearly  round  in  cross  section.  Calyx  tube  round  in  cross  section,  cara- 
panulate,  about  3  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  red.  nearly  equally  inserted 
at  the  acutish  fleshy  base,  teeth  minute,  triangular  from  a  broad  base 
Pedicels  stout  1-2  mm.  long  and  about  as  long  as  the  small,  greenish, 
ovate  bracts.  Peduncles  often  a  foot  long,  green  and  sulcate  as  are 
the  stems  and  leaves,  very  slender  and  falcate,  the  few  flowers  scat- 
tered along  the  upper  end.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  all  petioled  with  the 


74 

green  rachis  scarcely  tapering.  Leaflets  2-5  pairs,  remote,  narrowly 
linear,  acutish  to  obtuse,  conspicuously  reduced  above,  the  terminal 
one  phyllodia-like  but  mostly  short-jointed  to  rachis,  and  mostly  larger 
or  longer  than  the  upper  ones.  1-2  cm.  long.  Stems  decumbent  to 
weakly  ascending,  very  slender  and  lax,  2-3  ft.  long,  the  slender  inter- 
nodes  longer  than  the  leaves,  several  from  a  fleshy  erect  root.  Whole 
habit  of  A.  junceus  and  evidently  repleces  it  in  the  Sierras.  Susan- 
with  Pinus  ponderosa,  Quercus,  Agropyron  and  Lotus  in  black  and  rich 
soil.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  blooming  in  June.  It  has  the 
plant  green,  and  pubescence  very  sparse  and  scarcely  visible,  except 
on  the  calyx  where  it  is  minute  and  soft.  Stipules  green,  rigid,  subu- 
late, reflexed,  about  4  mm.  long  above,  barely  connate  below  and  very 
short.  Growing  on  gravelly  lava  southern  slopes  among  boulders  along 
ville  California  and  vicinity. 

9.  Astragalus  campestris  (Nutt.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  229 
(1864).  Homalobus  campestris  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  351  (183s;. 
Homalobus  tenuifolius  Nutt.  Not  A.  tenuifolius  Desf.  This  is  the 
common  form  in  high  mountains  on  rocky  ridges,  alpine  and  subalpine, 
with  stems  mostly  flat  on  the  ground  from  rather  woody  roots,  short 
leaves  and  elongated  peduncles  and  rather  capitate  flowers.  Leaflets 
linear  and  very  acute,  the  terminal  one  not  elongated  much,  small,  in- 
clined to  be  ashy-pubescent.  From  the  mountains  of  New  Mexico  and 
probably  the  San  Francisco  peaks  of  Arizona  northward  to  the 
tiritlsh  line  and  westward  in  all  the  mountains  of  Utah  and  probably 
southern  Idaho.  Apparently  not  found  in  Neveda  and  the  Sierras 
hvt  to  be  exnected.  This  form  rarely  has  pods  a  trifle  sulcate  dor- 
sally.  For  the  general  character  of  the  species  see  the  var  de- 
c  iMiDena  All  the  varieties  freely  intergrade  according  to  the  shade 
and  moisture  in  which  they  grow. 

Astragalus  campestris  var.  decumbens  (Nutt.)  Jones.  Homalo- 
bus decumbens  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352  (1838).  A.  decumbens 
(Nutt.)  Gray  A.  convallarius  Greene,  Phaca  decumbens  (Nutt.)  Piper. 
Homalobus  Salldse  Rydberg.  Pods  about  straight,  about  2-3  cm. 
long,  linear  to  oblanceolate,  reflexed.  Flowers  5-10  Banner  obovate 
to  oblong,  veined  from  a  darker  and  ring-like  base,  about  2  mm.  longer 
than  keel,  about  3  mm.  long,  arched  abruptly  at  end  of  calyx  to 
about  85  degrees,  sides  scarcely  reflexed  except  at  base  and  less 
than  1  mm.  wide,  groove  filling  the  whole  banner,  3  mm.  wide  and 
1  mm.  deep,  deeper  below.  Wings  short,  little  longer  than  keel, 
oblanceolate,  arched  so  as  to  expose  base  of  keel,  1-1.5  mm.  wide, 
concave  to  keel,  twisted  so  os  to  be  about  horizontal  at  tip.  Keel 
with  erect  part  about  as  long  as  base  and  sharply  arched  to  90  de- 
grees and  narrowly-triangular-acute.  Calyx  tube  obcompressed  at  tip, 
Hedeoma  like,  cami)anulate,  not  deeper  cleft  above,  with  rounded  sin  i- 
ses,  teeth  slender,  little  shorter  than  tube.  Peduncles  very  long  and 
erect  as  to  stems,  often  2  dm.  long,  subterminal.  Leaves  narrow, 
thin,  with  3-7  pairs  of  flat  leaflets  linear  (often  falcate)  to  narrowly 
oblong  but  acute  at  both  ends,  2-25  mm.  long,  1-9  mm.  wide,  rather 
distant,  short-petiolulate  and  the  lateral  ones  ,iointed  to  rachii. 
Stipules  subulate,  united  near  ground.  Stems  diffuse  when  growing 
alone,  very  slender,  rarely  3  dm.  long,  many,  from  slender  roots  which 
branch  below  ground  and  spread  out  in  open  tufts,  often  straggling  on 
the  ground  in  open  places  but  erect  mostly  in  shade.  Leaves  very- 
variable  according  to  shade.  Pubescence  attached  at  the  end  in  the 
type  but  with  a  hump  near  base  representing  the  other  end  of  a  pick- 
shaped  hair,  closely  appressed  and  very  variable  but  silvery  only  in  the 
var.  crispatus.  The  'type  of  this  variety  has  erect  stems  and  linear  leaves 
with  the  terminal  one  elongated  and  about  as  long  as  the  slender 
petiole  and  raceme.  It  has  the  general  habit  of  A.  junceus,  and  is 
seldom  collected.  Lima  Montana  and  Rexford,  Idaho,  Jones. 
Glenwood  Springs,  Colorado,  Diehl.  Type  locality  in  southern  Wyoming 


75 

along  the  overland  trail  by  Nuttall.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  in  brush 
In  dry  paces.  What  Gray  mistook  for  this  species  and  Intended 
to  be  called  A.  campestris  is  quite  different  and  is  what  I  had  in  view 
as  A.  decumbens  var.  camptstris.  A.  decumbens  (Nutt.)  Gray  la  a 
lower  form  with  longer  peduncles,  and  with  terminal  leaflet  not  elon- 
gated and  connects  with  the  next.  This  form  blooms  from  July  to 
September. 

Astragalus  campestris  var.  hylophilus  (Rydberg).  Homalobus 
hylophilus  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  247  (1900).  H.  decurrens  Rydberg.  A. 
divergens  Blankenship.  This  is  what  Gray  intended  as  A.  campestris 
and  what  has  been  so  considered  by  all  botanists  since.  Plants  grow- 
ing in  the  shade  in  moist  places  mostly  at  the  north.  Stems  erect 
normally,  with  short  internodes  and  long  leaves  and  peduncles  with 
inflorescence  rarely  surpassing  the  leaves  much.  Leaflets  thin,  most- 
ly green,  barely  acute,  oval  to  linear,  flat.  Stems  almost  filiform  from 
Eimilar  and  much  branched  underground  branches  of  the  tap  root. 
Lommon  in  the  mountains  at  the  south  from  the  subalpine  down  to 
the  edge  of  the  Middle  Temperate  and  throughout  the  woods  of  the 
Middle  Temperate  at  the  north.  New  Mexico  to  southern  Utah,  north- 
ward and  northwestwaid  to  the  Cascades  and  the  far  north.  A.  strl- 
gosus  C.  &  F.,  A.,  griseopubens  Sheldon,  Homalobus  camporum  Ryd- 
berg is  an  intermediate  form  with  narrower  leaves  almost  silvery- 
pubescent  approaching  the  type  of  A.  campestris  var.  decumbens: 

Astragalus  campestris  var.  crispatus.  Stems  densoly  tufted 
from  woody  root,  with  general  habit  of  A.  campestris,  but  inflorescence 
little  longer  than  leaves.  Pods  ashy  and  leaves  silvery  with  loose 
crisped  hairs  attached  near  'the  middle.  Alta  Montana  in  pine  woods, 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

.Astragalus  campestris  var.  serotinus  (Gray  Pac.  R.  R.  12  18,  51 
t.  5  (1860)  as  species),  A.  decumbens  var.  serotinus  (Gray)  Jones.  A. 
strigosus  C.  &  F.,  griseopubens  Sheldon,  A.  Palliseri  Gray.  This 
is  a  straggling  elongated  form  much  tufted  and  with  slender  root 
branches,  elongated  racemes  and  peduncles,  the  whole  often  2 
ft  long,  with  leaflets  from  broadly  linear  to  almost  filiform,  spar- 
ingly pubescent,  calyx  teeth  very  short  and  almost  deltoid,  and  keel 
tip  about  deltoid  and  not  long  triangular  as  in  most  forms  of  the 
species.  This  is  the  common  form  throughout  the  Columbia  drainage 
from  near  the  Continental  divide  to  the  Cascades  in  open  woods 
and  on  prairies.  When  the  calyx  teeth  are  subulate  (which  is  com 
mon)  and  the  pod  slightly  stipitate  it  corresponds  well  with  A. 
Palliseri  Gray. 

10.  Astragalus  junceus  (Nutt.)  bray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  230  (1864) 
Homalobus  junceus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  351  (1838).  A.  diversifollus 
var.  roborum  Jones.  Pods  narrowly  linear,  acuminate  at  tip,  3-4  mm. 
wide,  when  mature  cross  section  almost  round  from  base  to  tip,  gen- 
erally straight,  but  sometimes  falcate  a  little  either  dorsally  or  ven- 
trally,  3-4.5  cm.  long.  Inverted  on  a  slender  and  twisted  pedicel. 
Leaflets  all  filiform  or  only  rarely  some  lower  ones  flat,  the  upper 
ones  mostly  absent  and  rachis  not  larger  toward  tip.  Seeds  as  wide 
as  cavity.  Stems  mostly  few  together  often  solitary.  Flowers  broad 
and  stubby  not  1  cm.  long,  arched  into  a  half  circle.  Banner  broadly 
rblong-obovate  or  wider,  arched  at  calyx  tips  to  110-125  degrees  In 
sharp  arc,  the  whole  upper  part  is  the  groove  which  is  a  half  circle 
and  5  mm.  wide  and  1.5  mm.  deep  and  with  an  accessory  groove  down 
the  middle,  at  a  point  about  2  mm.  below  tip  of  banner  the  groove 
narrows  abruptly  to  about  1.5  mm.  wide.  At  the  base  of  the  groove 
there  is  a  narrowly  triangular  white  spot  with  narrow  end  up  and 
from  the  sides  of  this  radiate  out  deep-purple  veins  darkest  below.  The 
erect  part  of  banner  is  about  5  mm.  high,  with  sides  reflexed  a  trifle 
only  at  a  point  about  2  mm.  below  keel  tip.     Wings  very  obliquely  el- 


7^ 

liptical-ovate  and  close-pressed  to  keel  to  Its  tip  and  concave  to  it, 
then  flare  a  little  and  with  the  upper  edge  involute  a  little,  wider  "than 
keel,  arched  to  45  degrees  and  so  concealing  the  keel,  2  mm.  wide  in 
the  middle,  entire,  white,  rounded.  Base  of  keel  falcate  upward  and 
the  tip  arched  at  le;ist  90  degrees  to  this  in  a  short  arc,  and  the  tip 
sharp  and  produced  and  about  3  mm.  high,  dirty-purplish  and  gray- 
tipped.  Calyx  short-cylindric,  a  trifle  laterally  flattened  at  base 
and  obcompressed  at  tip.  not  deeper  cleft  above.  About  1.5  mm.  Ihick, 
scarcely  fleshy-thickened  at  base,  about  4-5  mm.  long.  Teeth  very 
short  and  the  sinuses  rounded  and  open.  Flowers  horizontal,  mostly 
soon  reflexed  on  stout  pedicels.  Frequent  from  the  borders  of  Texas 
through  northern  Arizona  and  western  Colorado  and  Wyoming  at 
least  to  Halleck  Nevada  and  northward  to  the  British  line  in  the  up- 
per edge  of  the  pinon  and  juniper  belt  and  throughout  the  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone  in  dry  places,  preferably  on  gravelly  mesas  and 
gentle  slopes,  mostly  in  the  sagebrush,  not  in  the  Columbia  Basin. 
Since  this  is  the  common  form  and  the  species  was  described  first  I 
use  this  name  instead  of  orthocarpus  (diversifolius  of  Gray)  which 
would  have  to  displace  the  name   of  Boissier. 

Astragalus  junceus  var.  orthocarpus  (Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  351 
(1838)  as  Homalobus).  A.  junciformis  Nelson.  This  is  a  rare  form 
with  the  rachis  widened  to  a  phyllodium,  and  with  occasionally  linear 
and  flat  leaflets.  Green  River  Wyoming  and  vicinity  and  Helper 
Utah  where  all  sorts  of  intergrades  occur. 

Astragalus  junceus  var.  attenuatus.  Stems  very  slender.  T.eaflets 
entirely  absent  or  reduced  to  scales  and  rachis  filiform-attenuate. 
Pods  compressed  throughout,  narrowly  linear,  slightly  falcate  upwnrd, 
not  wider  above,  about  5  cm.  long  and  2  mm.  high  and  1  mm.  thick 
gradually  attenuate  to  a  filiform  tip.  Price  Utah  on  the  clay  mesas  in 
very  poor  soil,  among  the  junipers.  This  is  one  of  those  ve;y  interest- 
ing variations  produced  by  peculiar  alkaline  deserts  of  the  Navajo 
Basin,  but  not  growing  on  alkaline  flats,  and  is  doubtless  caused  not 
by  alkali  but  starvation,  though  the  plant  has  become  perfectly 
adapted  to  its  environment  as  it  is  thrifty  and  not  a  sport,  nor  de- 
pauperate. 

11.  Astragalus  Episcopus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10  346  (1875). 
Homalobus  Rydberg.  Pods  flat  even  at  maturity  and  with  cross-section 
line.-.r,  pod  half-elliptical  to  oblong,  2-3  cm.  long.  5-6  mm.  high  in  the 
middle  and  hardly  1  mm.  thick,  tip  and  base  shortly  and  obliquely  trian- 
gular, the  ba^e  sometimes  contracted  to  a  thick  stipe  half  as  long  as 
calyx,  not  sulcate.  soon  reflexed,  smooth  and  shining,  with  central  sut- 
ure copspicuously  the  more  arched  especially  near  the  base.  Seeds 
filling  from  half  to  a  third  of  the  width  of  cavity.  Calyx  cauipanulate, 
about  ?■  mn;!.  long,  with  very  short  deltoid  teeth.  Pedicels  slender,  about 
as  long  as  calyx,  rarely  twisted  even  in  fruit.  Flowers  white,  tinged 
with  pnrple,  above  about  8  mm.  long,  with  straight  base  and  tip 
arched  to  45  to  90  degrees.  Banner  broadly  ovate,  about  1  mm.  longer 
than  wings,  with  sides  reflexed  below  the  middle  to  1  mm.  wide. 
Wings  oblanceolate,  oblique,  acutish  on  the  upper  corner,  about  2  m'Ti. 
wide  and  1-3  mm.  longer  than  keel,  little  flaring.  Keel  with  straight 
base,  rather  sharply  arched  al  tip  to  90  degrees,  and  erect  part  3-4  mm. 
high,  rather  narrowly-triangular  but  not  conspicuously  sharp  as  in  al- 
lied species.  Stems  rigid,  round,  zig-zag,  very  much  branched  form- 
ing a  mass  about  as  broad  as  long,  the  internodes  3-5  cm.  long, 
stems  a))0'it  1-"  ft  high.  Petioles  almost  as  thick  as  stems  and  equal- 
ly rigid,  tapering  but  bl'^'^t.  rarely  -^  +r'flp  widened  at  tip,  6-8  cm.  long, 
curved,  with  1-2  pairs  of  silalternate  srnttrrpd  ip^fets.  ^.r  the  upper 
OT.es  without  leaflets,  leaflet?  vhe--"  ^hcTt  r-re  oblong,  when  long  i-e 
linear.  3-20  rrm.  long,  thick  and  rigid,  bl  'nt.  Stip-i^es  small  hyaline. 
Proper  peduncles  as  stout  as  stems  and  similar,  rarely  as  long  as  leaves. 


77 

with  racemose  and  scattered  inforescence  often  a  foot  long,  ercet.  This 
IS  Clearly  a  close  relative  of  A.  junceus  though  the  pods  and  flowers  are 
decidedly  different.  It  grows  in  sandy  places  along  the  Pahria  and  in 
House  Rock  valley  north  of  Lee's  Ferry  Arizona  and  southward  along 
me  Little  Colorado  at  least  50  miles.  Captain  Bishop,  for  whom  it  is 
named  also  got  it  probably  on  the  western  side  of  the  Kaibab  south 
Kauab. 

12.  Astragalus  lancearius  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  370  (1878). 
Mature  pods  rather  shiny  but  minutely  pubescent,  light-colored,  2-2.5 
cm.  long,  5-7  mm.  high,  flat,  ascending  when  young,  horizontal  to  re- 
Hexed  when  ripe,  almost  sessile,  with  apiculate  to  triangulat  ends, 
oblique  but  nearly  straight,  abruptly  rounded  at  base,  splitting  calyx, 
linely  cross-nerved,  with  dorsal  suture  straight  or  rarely  a  little  con- 
cave, but  with  a  convex  hump  near  the  'tip  mostly,  tip  in  line  with 
dorsal  suture.  Ventral  suture  very  convex  especially  toward  the  base. 
Fruiting  pedicels  reflexed,  2-4  mm.  long.  Fruiting  racemes  long  and 
loose.  Flowers  in  loose  racemes,  white,  with  at  least  the  keel  and  often 
the  wings  and  banner  purple-tipped,  narrow,  about  1-1.5  cm.  long, 
straight.  Immature  pods  nearly  linear,  mostly  arcuate  and  not  much 
flattened.  Peduncles  a  foot  or  two  long,  sulcate,  stout,  strict,  the  rachis 
nearly  as  long.  Banner  ovate,  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  45  to 
80  degrees,  waterlined,  with  sides  reflexed  about  3  mm.  wide  below 
and  not  at  all  at  tip,  2-3  mm.  longer  'than  keel,  rather  remote  from  it 
and  exposing  it.  Groove  in  banner  4  mm.  wide  at  tip,  and  1  and  one 
half  mm.  wide  and  deep  below.  White  spot  with  8  broad  white  lines 
and  narrow  purple  veins,  round.  Wings  6  mm.  long,  about  1  mm.  wide, 
arched,  rounded  at  tip,  conniven't  at  tip,  concave  to  keel  and  2-3  mm. 
longer  than  it,  oblong-oblanceolate.  oblique  Keel  a  little  convex 
below  and  sharply  rounded  to  the  erect  tip  above,  obtuse,  half-triang  i- 
lar-cuneate,  reddish-purple,  3  mm.  high,  straight.  Calyx  tube  cylin- 
drical nearly  but  flattened  a  little  laterally,  nearly  straight,  3-4  mm. 
long,  thin,  narrowed  below  and  attached  on  the  lower  corner,  ashy, 
cleft  much  deeper  above,  and  oblique  a't  tip,  with  nearly  filiform  teeth 
lax.  Floral  pedicels  often  shorter  than  the  bracts.  Bracts  stiff, 
triangular,  2-4  mm.  long.  Proper  stems  rarely  a  foot  long,  flexuous, 
few,  branched  below,  from  a  woody  root,  erect,  green.  Stipules  green, 
I  gid  3-8  mm.  long,  reflexed,  adnate.  Upper  leaves  reduced  to  the 
filiform  rfichis,  3-5  cm.  long.  Central  leaves  7-9  cm.  long,  with  1-2  pairs 
of  folded  or  nearly  filiform  leaflets  which  are  rigid,  obtuse,  ashy, 
hardly  opposite,  1-2  cm.  long,  jointed  to  rachis.  Lower  leaves  shorter 
and  often  with  1-2  pairs  of  linear  flat  leaflets.  The  plants  have  the 
habit  of  A.  junceus,  but  stems  rather  more  numerous,  and  root  much 
branched  and  woody.  This  abounds  on  depressions  and  cracks  in 
the  sloping  rocks  of  the  San  Rafael  Swell  foot.  It  blooms  early  in 
May  and  fruits  two  weeks  later.  The  type  locality  is  the  Beaverdam 
Mts.  west  of  St.  George  on  the  edge  of  Utah.  It  is  more  slender  than 
A.  Episcopus  but  tufted  in  the  same  way 

13.  Astragalus  Woodruff!  n.  sp.  Pods  broadly  linear,  about  2  cm. 
long  and  4  mm.  high,  flat,  ashy,  cartilaginous,  erect  and  apprr3.5ed, 
s' ssile,  arcuate,  not  splitting  the  calyx,  the  triangular  beak  with  a 
Subulate  tip  and  in  line  with  the  ventral  suture,  the  base  rounded. 
Sut.ires  prominent  and  equally  arched,  the  ventral  concave.  Flowers 
brilliant-pink-purple,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  straight,  narrow,  erect,  rather 
densely  spicate.  Barner  narrowly  ovate,  ascending  45  degrees  in  a 
gentle  arc  from  end  of  tube,  water-lined,  pirjile  throughout  and  with- 
out white  spot,  rounded  to  a  trifle  refuse,  with  sides  reflexed  3  mm. 
wide  below  and  not  at  all  above.  Groove  a  half  circle  at  keel 
tip  and  shallowing  to  a  line  above  and  occupying  one  third  the  blade. 
Wings  broadly  linear,  nrched  30  degrees,  oboit  2  m"\  \vU\p,  rounded, 
cblique  at  tip,  white  beyond  keel  and  a  little  concave,  flaring  some 


above,  purple-striped  by  a  single  line  a  little  above  the  midrib.  Keel 
half-cuncate,  about  6-8  mm.  long  and  half  as  wide,  purple,  rounded 
at  tip.  and  base  straight.  Calyx  tube  carapanulate.  about  3  mm.  Ion-?, 
rounded  at  base  and  attached  in  the  middle  of  the  end,  fleshy-thickened 
below,  slightly  flattened  laterally,  with  lax  and  subulate  teeth  as 
long  as  tube.  Whole  plant  finely  ashy-silky  with  loose  pubescence 
except  the  closely  appressed-pubescent  pods.  Pedicels  2-4  mm.  long 
and  except  in  fruit  shorter  than  the  bracts  which  are  rigid,  green, 
and  3-5  mm.  long.  Peduncles  stout,  very  sulcate,  1-2  dm.  long,  strict, 
longer  than  the  floral  rachis  and  shorter  than  the  fruiting  one,  and 
with  loosely  racemose  pods.     Stems  coarse  and  deeply  sulcate,  often 

1  cm.  thick,  erect,  1-2  feet  high,  branched  below,  in  very  dense  tufts 
2-5  feet  wide  and  2-3  feet  high,  from  a  thick,  fleshy  and  erect  root. 
Leaves  rarely  7  cm.  long,  small  and  inconspicuous,  with  1-3  pairs  of 
filiform,  channeled,  leathery  leaflets,  1-2  cm.  long,  not  jointed  to  rachis, 
distant,  like  the  rachis.  Stipules  large,  leathery,  rigid,  acute,  green 
coarse,  twice  as  wide  and  often  twice  as  long  as  the  adjacent  leaflets 
the  upper  linear  and  erect,  the  lower  triangular  and  often  1  cm.  wide 
and  as  long  as  the  included  leaf  or  nearly.  Lower  leaves  very  small. 
This  grows  in  drifting  sand  dunes  and  the  like,  in  the  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone.  It  has  a  strong  snake-like  odor  and  dries  very  slowly 
the  whole  plant  being  leathery.  This  is  the  most  beautiful  snecies  of 
the  genus  when  the  whole  mass  is  ablaze  with  the  pink-purple  bloom. 
On  the  sandy  foot  of  the  San  Rafael  Swell.  Named  for  the  late  Rob- 
ert Woodruff  C.  E.,  iny  companion  in  trips  on  the  deserts  of  the 
Navajo  Basin. 

13A.    Astragalus  Pasqualensis  .Jones  Cont.  10  87  (1902).  Pods  about 

2  cm.  long  2  mm.  high  and  1  mm.  wide,  with  beak  in  the  middle  of 
the  end,  sessile,  ashy.  Flowers  purple,  rather  coriaceous,  inclined  to 
be  sulcate  at  both  sutures.  7-8  mm.  long,  wide,  ascending,  several  in  a 
close  raceme.  Banner  round,  abruptly  reflexed  to  the  calyx  at  its 
tip,  about  5  mm.  long,  as  long  as  wings  and  keel.  Wings  oblaneo- 
late,  about  1  mm.  wide,  much  narrower  than  keel.  Keel  about  5  mm. 
long,  2  mm.  high  about  the  middle,  half-rhomboidal-obovate,  acute, 
conspicuous.  Calyx  tube  about  1  mm.  long,  hemispherical,  with  the 
subulate  teeth  twice  to  three  times  as  long  and  spreading.  Bracts 
subulate,  about  1  mm.  long.  Pedicels  stout,  hardly  1  mm.  long,  re- 
flexed.  Peduncles  2-3  cm.  long,  about  half  as  lone;  as  rachis  Leavps 
3-4  cm.  long,  very  broad  almost  sessile.  Leaflets  apiculate,  distant  f '^d 
obtuse,  about  2  cm.  Inng,  rigid,  hoary  with  very  minute  and  fins 
hairs  fixed  by  the  middle.  Stems  a  foot  or  two  high,  decumbent, 
leafy,  with  the  internodes  about  half  as  long  as  leaves,  from  a  woody 
base.  Santiago  de  Pasqualo,  Durango  Mexico,  Palmer  No.  398,  Auril 
to  May  1896.  This  is  probably  not  an  Astragalus.  Thpy  very  rigid 
and  immature  pods  seem  to  have  an  inner  lining  and  are  wholly 
1-celled  (described  as  2-celled),  they  seem  to  be  sulcate  or  inclined  to 
be  sulcate  at  both  sutrre'=!.  pud  probably  are  contracted  between  th-^^ 
seeds  and  partly  separate  when  m^tnr-^.  But  so  far  as  the  material 
goes  cannot  be  referred  to  pr\y  other  a-enus.  What  is  evidently  the 
same  species  is  No.  5831  Purpus  from  Puebla  Mexico,  May  1912. 

14.  Astragalus  simciicifolius  (Nutt.)  Gmy  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  231 
(1864)  Phaca  simplicifolia  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  350  (1838).  Horanio- 
bus  uniflorus  Rydbers.  Pods  linear  and  short-acuminate  to  trinns;-!- 
I'lr-ovate,  straight  or  with  ventral  suture  concave,  not  ov^r  1  cm.  lon-^, 
about  2  mm.  high  completely  flat  when  young,  elliptical  in  cross 
section  when  ripe,  with  acerose  tip,  sometimes  brirely  exceeding  the 
calyx,  mostly  1-seeded.  Flowers  C-8  mm.  long,  with  light  claws,  solitary 
in  the  type  on  peduncles  not  longer  than  the  very  short  leaves.  Ban- 
ner about  5  mm.  long,  oval,  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  about  60 


T9 

degrees,  hooded  and  emarginate,  as  long  as,  to  1  mm.  longer  than 
wings,  groove  deeper  below,  sides  reflexed  most  in  middle  to  1  mm. 
wide,  white  spot  very  small  and  purple-veined.  Wings  archqd  30  de- 
grees, concealing  keel,  narrowly  oblong,  rounded,  2  mm.  wide,  as  wide. 
Es  and  2  mm.  longer  than  keel,  concave  to  It,  one  bent  over  keel  and 
the  other  b'^nt  out,  inclined  to  be  white-tipped.  Keel  rounded  till 
the  tip  is  erect  or  more  incurved,  obtuse  to  acute,  dnrk-purple.  Calyx 
narrowed  but  not  gibbous  below,  not  flattened,  cleft  deeper,  above, 
apjuessed  hairy,  lower  side  straight  and  upper  arched,  tube  2-3  mm. 
long,  teeth  subulate  and  arched,  about  as  Ions  as  tube.  Pedicels 
about  1  mm.  long  in  flower  and  2  mm.  long  in  fruit,  much  shorter  than 
the  bracts  which  are  lanceolate,  acuminate  and  nearly  as  long  as  calyx 
tube,  pubescent.  Lraf  rachis  rather  rigid,  enlarged  above  to  a  sin.gle 
uniointed  leaflet  which  is  in  the  type  oblancenlate  to  spatulate  or'  lin- 
e'^r.  flat  or  involute  and  barely  2  cm.  long.  Stems  in  dense  cushions 
each  crown  about  as  broad  as  long.  Branches  of  root  2-3  mm.  thick, 
cushions  1-2  feet  in  'linmeter.  The  type  grows  on  the  arH  clay  plains 
of  the  Green  River  Rasin  Wyo.  and  adjacent  Utah  to  Cave  Hills  S. 
Dakotah.  Blooms  May  to  July.  It  passes  by  imperce\)tible  grada- 
tion   into 

Astragalus  simplicifolius  var.  oaespitosus  (Nutt.)  Jones  Cont.  7 
6-17  (1895)  A.  simplicifolius  var.  spatulatus  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont.. 
10  65  (1902)  A.  spatulatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bbt.  Stud.  9  22  (1894) 
Homalcbus  caespitosus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352  (1838)  Tragacantha 
caespitosa  (Nutt.)  Kuntze,  Homalobus  canescens  Nutt,  and  brachy- 
carpus  Nutt.  A.  lingulatns  Sheldon.  A.  exilifolius  Nelson.  Pods  linear, 
nearly  1  cm.  long,  straight  or  arched,  erect  or  ascending,  short-race- 
mose. Flowers  several,  capitate.  Pedicels  in  fruit  at  least  as  long 
as  the  bracts,  Peduncles  conspicuous,  longer  than  the  leaves.  Leaves 
either  a  long  ligulate  or  filiform  petiole  without  leaflets  (3-5  f^m.  Ion?) 
rr  with  1-2  pairs  of  filiform  to  oblanceolate  leaflets  mostlv  jointed  to 
the  rachis.  From  the  Plains  of  central  Colorado  through  \Vyoming  to 
the  Wasatch,  and  from  the  Cedar  Mt.  near  Green  River  Utah  and 
Duchesne  Valley  Utah  northward  to  Assiniboia  and  the  Yellowstone 
Park.  A.  lingulatns  is  the  form  with  phyllodia-like  petiole.  A.  exili- 
folius is  a  form  with  pods  of  simplicifolius  and  leaves  nearly  of  lingu- 
latus. 

15.  Astragalus  detritalis  Jones  Cont.  13  9  (1910).  Pods  narrowly- 
linear,  falcate,  about  2-3  cm.  long,  and  2  mm.  high,  minutely  pubescent 
and  mottled,  flat  when  young  at  least,  ascending,  capitate,  nearly 
sessile,  with  short-triangular  and  declined  tip.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm. 
long,  several,  capitate.  Calyx  short-cylindric,  about  5  mm.  long  and  3 
mm.  wide,  with  conical  base,  equally  inserted,  oblique  at  tip  and  much 
deeper  cleft  above,  the  arcuate  and  subulate  teeth  unequal  and  as  long 
as  tube.  Banner  oblong-oval,  notched,  8  mm.  long,  erect,  arched  in 
f'pntle  arc  from  base  to  tip,  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide  in  mid- 
dle, white  spot  of  several  bands  2  mm.  below  tip.  Wings  with  blad'^ 
narrowly  oblong,  about  3  mm,  wide,  rounded  and  obtuse,  flat  to  keel 
about  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner  and  3  mm.  longer  than  the  straight. 
Innate  or  boat-shapef^  krel  which  has  a  rounded  and  erect  tin.  Bracts 
about  8  mm.  long  with  green  tins.  Leaves  5-8  cm.  long,  with  slender 
petioles  and  about  2  nairs  of  oblanceolate  leaflets  all  jointed  to  rachis 
as  well  as  the  terminal  one  wh'ch  is  not  conspicuously  larger  than 
the  rest,  sorre  of  the  less  developed  leaves  are  much  shorter  and  some- 
Mmes  with  obovate  leaflets.  Stipule«  lanceolate.  Stems  very  short  but 
'^'^t  reduced  to  crowi<^,  the  internodes  nearly  as  long  as  the  stipules, 
('"owing  in  small  mats  rarely  a  foot  in  diameter  on  clay  knolls  in  the 
cq.non  south  of  Theodore  TTtah  on  the  upper  edge  of  the  Juniper  belt. 
This  may  be  an  pxtreme  form  of  A.  simplicifolius  but  though  the  ma- 
terial  is  ample  there   are  no  intergrades  known. 


80 

16.  Astragalus  montanus  (Niitt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  353  (1838)  as 
Kentrophyta)  Tragacantha  montana  (Nutt.)  Kuntze,  A,  Kentrophyta 
Gray.  Homalobus  montanus  (Nutt.)  Britton,  Kentrophyta  viridls 
Nutt.  This  is  a  very  variable  species.  The  type  has  very  rigid  stems 
and  leaves,  the  latter  nearly  sessile  and  with  very  spinose  and  rigid 
channeled  rigid  leaflets  5-10  mm.  long  which  are  linear-subulate,  with 
conspicuous,  hyaline  and  spiny  stipules.  Pubescence  attached  near  the 
middle.  Flowers  5-10  mm.  long,  white  with  purple  keel  tip.  Banner 
arched  to  about  90  degrees  or  less  abruptly  and  with  hump  below  the 
bend,  hooded,  with  very  concave  sides  and  little  reflexed,  th  groove 
very  narrow,  the  blade  contracted  about  2  mm.  below  the  tip  so  that 
the  general  outline  is  oblong,  the  tip  abruptly  reflexed  or  not  at  all, 
deeply  notched,  a  little  wider  at  tip  than  below,  finely  striate-veined 
with  purple,  white  spot  evident,  broad  veined;  wings  connivent,  oblong, 
ovate,  to  lunate  obtuse  to  barely  acute,  about  3  mm.  longer  than 
keel  or  bearing  the  same  relation  when  flowers  are  smaller,  ascending 
to  nearly  90  degrees.  Keel  purple-tipped  and  very  sharp  and  much 
Incurved.  The  right  wing  folded  over  the  end  of  the  keel.  Calyx  short- 
campanulate  and  obconical  and  Hedeoma-like,  with  broad  sinuses  and 
subulate  curved  teeth  about  as  long  as  tube  which  is  about  2  mm. 
long,  sometimes  a  little  flattened  above,  obliquely  attached.  Pods  in 
the  type  obliquely  ovate,  with  short-acuminate  tip,  hoary,  laterally 
flattened,  not  sulcate,  about  4  mm.  long.  It  abounds  in  mats  on  the 
bad  lands  of  Wyoming,  to  S.  Dakota  mostly  on  clayey  knolls,  extend- 
ing over  into  Dakotah  and  Colorado  and  northward  to  Alberta,  and 
southward  to  northern  Airzona  and  New  Mexico.  Upper  edge  of  the 
Lower  Temperate  and   lower  part   of   Middle   Temperate  life   zone. 

Astragalus  montanus  van.  Coloradoensis  (Jones  as  Kentrophyta 
var.  Cont  10  63  (1902).  This  is  a  form  with  stipules  all  free  and 
small  but  acerose,  white  stems,  and  similar  pods  10  mm.  long.  In  the 
hot  region  of  northern  Arizona  at  Lee's  Ferry  on  the  edge  of  the  Tro- 
pical life  zone  in  dry  plains. 

Astragalus  montanus  var.  ungulatus.  (Jones  Cont.  7  650  (1895) 
as  Kentrophyta  var.  This  is  a  very  condensed  form  with  leaves  harrilv 
1  cm.  long  and  leaflets  about  7  mm.  long.  Stipules  hyaline  small  and 
not  acerose.  Flowers  about  5  mm.  long  Pods  claw-like  oblin  lely 
ovate,  with  arched  tip  and  nearly  round  in  cross-section,  rarely  a 
trifle  sulcate,  hoary,  3-4  mm.  long,  mostly  single  in  the  axils.  Rrr  K-e- 
mont  Nevada  on  barren  gravelly  knolls,  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 
Kentrophyta  Wolfii  Rydberg  is  about  this  form. 

Astragalus  montanus.  var  impensus  (Sheldon  Minn.  Hot.  Stud.  9 
118  (1894)  as  A.  viridis  var.  A.  Ken  trophvta  var.  elatus  Watson. 
Kentrophyta  impensa  (Sheldon)  Rydberg.  This  is  an  erect  form  or  a 
matted  form  where  some  of  the  central  stems  are  erect  and  often  2 
feet  high,  with  leaves  of  the  tyi)e  but  mostly  shorter,  and  the  small 
flowers  and  pods  of  the  vnr.  ungulatus,  but  generally  2  or  3  feet  at 
each  node  and  pods  sometimes  with  an  elongated  falcate  and  acerose 
tip  and  often  nenrly  smooth.  This  has  the  widest  range  of  all  the 
forms,  from  Fort  Wingpte  through  north'^rn  v^rizona.  the  Navnio 
Basin,  westward  to  Pioche  and  the  Sierras,  throughout  Utah  and  north- 
westward to  Valli  Walla  in  the  Columbia  Pa^in,  at  least  in  eastern 
Nevada.  In  the  T  ower  Temperate  life  zone  on  dry  gravelly  mesas, 
mostly  among  the  junipers. 

Astragalus  montanus  var.  rotundus.  (Jones  Cont.  7  650  (1895) 
as  tegetarius  var.  rotundus.)  This  is  a  prostrate  straggling  form 
with  long  stems  and  long  internodes  mostly,  with  the  small  pods 
and  flowers  of  the  var.  ungulatus  but  pods  conical,  little  flattened 
normally  straight  and  with  sutures  arched  and  convex  and  with  a  tri- 
angular tip,  leaflets  about  5  mm.  long  and  barely  needle-tipped,  linear. 
Flowers  light-purple.  Among  the  pine  forests  at  the  head  of  the 
Sevier   Utah,    Middle   Temperate   life   zone.     A   similar   form   on   the 


81 

Summit  of  Mt.  Warren  in  the  Sierras,  Congdon.  This  is  intermediate 
between  the  other  montaniis  forms  and  tegetarius  but  still  has  the 
hairs  not  fixed  by  the  base. 

Astragalus  montanus  var.  tegetarius  (Watson  Dot.  King  76  (1871) 
as  species).  A.  Iventroiihyta  var  tegetarius  Jones.  A.  aculeatus  Nelson 
A.  tegetari.is  car.  implexus  Canby.  This  is  the  high  alpine  form 
with  filiform  matted  prostrate  stems,  very  short  leaves  and  leaflets 
rather  green,  mostly  flat  and  linear-oblong  and  abruptly  aculeate. 
Stipules  connate,  hyaline,  often  needle-tiiped,  flowers  minute  to, 7  mm. 
long,  normally  purple  but  often  white,  either  a  few  on  a  manifest 
short  peduncle  or  single  and  mostly  sessile.  Pods  from  3  to  8  mm. 
long,  from  oval,  or  half-oval,  to  ovate,  little  oblique,  apiculate,  much 
or  little  flattened  laterally,  smoothish  when  mature.  Pubescence 
attached  by  the  base.  The  only  constant  character  is  the  pubescence 
attachment,  in  all  other  respects  it  shades  into  A.  montanus,  while 
the  broader  leaved  forms  of  it  have  the  hairs  attached  tlose  to  the 
end.  Common  in  the  high  mountaii:!s  from  Colorado  to  the  Sierras 
pnd  northward  to  Montana  and  the  moantains  of  eastern .  Oregon, 
alpine  and  subalpine.  , 

17.  Astragalus  humistratus  Gray  PI.  Wright  2  43  (1853).  Tium 
Rydberg.  'A.  albulus  Wooton  &  Stanley.  Leaves  except  the  lowest, 
almost  sessile,  short  with  rather  many  pairs  of  leaflets,  mostly  close- 
set.  Stipules  united  almost  to  very  tip  and  large.  The  species'  is 
very  variable.  The  type  character  is  given  below.  Stems  intric- 
ately branched. only  close  to  the  stout  tap  root,  then  straggling  over  the 
ground  vine-like  for  1-2  feet.  Leaflets  contignous  less  pubescent  above, 
linear-oblong,  fully  1  cm.  long,  acute,  hoary.  Bracts  large,  about  as 
long  as  calyx,  subulate-lanceolate.  Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves 
and  with  short-racemose  pods  which  are  narrowly  oblong,  somewhat 
falcate,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  almost  smooth  to  pubescent,  several  seeded 
rigid,  silicate  dorsally  and  with  raised  ventral  suture.  Flowers 
rather  many,  thick,  inclined  to  be  subcapitate,  lead-purple  to  dirty- 
white.  Banner  water-lined,  obcordate,  with  sides  reflexed  bplow, 
the  groove  deeply  fan-shaped  below  and  shallowing  above  making  the 
banner  seem  hooded  from  behind.  Wings  nearly  acute,  sinuate  to 
notched  nn  the  lower  side,  arched  to  about  20  degrees,  oblanceolate 
to  obovate,  3  pim.  wide,  wider  than  the  keel,  the  right  hand  one  hooked 
over  the  end  of  keel  and  1  mm.  longer  than  keel,  about  4  mm.  long, 
light-colored.  Keel  dark-tipped,  the  erect  part  about  as  long  as  base 
and  produced  and  rather  acute,  3  mm.  long.  Calyx  obcompressed 
toward  tip,  campanulate,  about  3  mm.  long,  with  rounded  sinuses, 
often  2-bracted  at  base,  from  hoary  when  young  to  smooth  when  old, 
often  wrinkled;  teeth  subulate  and  about  as  long  as  tube.  Leaves 
kss  pubescent  above,  often  silvery.  From  the  borders  of  Texas  to 
the  Sierra  Madres  of  Chihuahua  and  the  Colorado  river  and  north- 
ward to  I,.as  Vegas.  New  Mexico,  to  the  Navajo  Basin,  Panguitch  and 
Cedar  City  Utah  and  Pioche  Nevada  on  gravelly  mesas  among  pines 
and  junipers,  Lower  and  Middle  Temperate  life  zones.  The  species 
seems  to  vary  only  in  the  San  Francisco  Mt.  region,  where  it  is 
common.     A.  Arizonicus  has  much  the  same  appearance  as  this. 

Astragalus  humistratus  var.  Sonorae  (Gray)  Jon^s  Cont.  10  58 
'190?).  A.  Ponorae  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  44  (1833).  Petioles  ev'dent. 
Tjeaflets  linear,  rather  distant,  over  1  cm.  long,  acute,  hoary.  Pedun- 
cles not  longer  than  leaves.  Pods  lunate  hardly  1  cm.  long, 
miich  incurved,  about  5  mm.  high  from  suture  to  sutur^.  not  s  il- 
r"te.  much  ebcomnress^d  below.  Plants  less  elongated.  Stems  long- 
persistent.     This  is  a  common  form  in  Arizona  to  Cedar  City  Utah. 

Astr^g^lus  humistratus  var.  Hosacki?e  (Greene)  .Tones  Cont.  10 
58  (1902)  ~  A.  Hosa<-kia^  Oreen  Bull.  C-i1.  Acad.  3  157  (1885).  Whole 
riant  sparingly  pub?scent.     Leaflets  smooth  above,  elliptical,  hardly  1 


?2 

cm.  long,  flat,  contiguous  and  leaves  sessile  and  short.  Pods  ovate, 
acute,  about  6  mm.  long,  oblique  and  inflated  but  not  conspicuously 
arcuate,  cross  section,  inclined  to  be  reniform  and  dorsal  suture  raised 
as  in  the  species.  Racemes  short.  This  is  a  common  form  grow- 
ing in  the  shade  on  the  Mogollon  plateau  of  the  San  Francisco  peaks. 
Astragalus  humistratus  var.  tenerrimus  Jones  Cont.  7  649  (1895). 
This  is  the  most  slender  form  of  the  species  with  filiform  stems  grow- 
ing in  loose  mats  even  3  ft.  in  diameter,  elongated  filiform  peduncles 
2-3  times  the  leaves  which  are  2-3  cm.  long,  the  stem  ones  sessile,  the 
other  with  filiform  petiole  evident.  Leaflets  flat,  rarely  contiguous, 
3-.^  mm.  long,  oval  to  elliptical,  about  5  pairs,  rounded  and  obtuse, 
nearly  smooth.  Flowers  about  8  mm.  long,  few.  Pods  broadly  oblong 
and  arcuate  to  45  degrees,  laterally  flattened,  about  1  cm.  long,  and 
5  mm.  high,  not  sulcate,  smooth.  In  the  parks  of  the  Kaibab  or 
Buckskin  Mts.  Arizona,  overlooking  the  Grand  Canon  under  the  shade 
of  the  spruces  and  pines.     Middle  Temperate  life  zone.     In  gravel. 

18.  Astragalus  sesquiflorus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10  346 
(1875).  Phaca  Rydberg.  Leaves  all  on  filiform  rigid  petioles  which 
are  mostly  as  long  as  leaf-rachis,  2-3  cm.  long.  Leaflets  3-4  pairs, 
barely  contiguous,  linear-elliptical,  very  acute  at  both  ends,  3-7  mm. 
long.  Whole  plant  hoary  except  the  pods.  Stems  in  dense,  soft  and 
not  compact,  1-3  dm.  wide  tufts  with  innumerable  branches  only  a  few 
inches  long  rising  a  few  inches  above  the  ground,  the  internodes  only 
on  the  longer  stems  rarely  much  surpassing  the  recurved  and  lon^^- 
acuminate  stipules.  Peduncles  filiform  and  rigid  and  with  the  rachis 
a  little  surpassing  the  leaves,  with  flowers  very  few  and  racemos? 
toward  the  ends,  on  pedicels  about  2  mm.  long  which  are  ni'ich 
shorter  than  the  filiform,  elongated,  recurved  and  long-hairy  bracts. 
Calyx  Hedeoma-like,  that  is  campanulate  or  conic,  acute  at  base  and 
equally  inserted  but  not  at  all  compressed  nor  oblique,  the  tube  about 
2  mm.  long,  and  the  subulate  and  arched  teeth  about  3  mm.  long. 
Flowers  bluish-purple,  5-8  mm.  long.  Banner  bent  sharply  at  the 
end  of  keel  to  erect,  sides  scarcely  at  all  reflexed,  about  4  mm.  wide, 
with  oval  outline,  but  rs  you  look  at  it  broadly  ovate.  Groove  in 
banner  forming  a  half  circle,  about  2  mm.  wide  and  extending  to  tip 
nf  banner.  No  white  spot  V'ina-s  1  mm  wide,  bent  up  at  calyx  t'ibe 
to  45  degrees  and  exposing  keel  base,  oblaneolate  and  obtusp.  very 
oblique,  3  mm.  long,  conrave  to  keel  and  close-pressed  to  it  and  not 
quite  as  long,  purple.  Keel  wUh  tip  bent  abruptly  at  calyx  t'n  to  90 
degrees,  acuminate  to  a  sharp  tip,  about  3  m^m.  high  and  tip  d'lrk- 
purple.  Pods  often  mottled,  shaned  about  like  a  meat-chopper  that  is. 
broadly  oblnnceolate-fnlcate,  with  the  deltoid  tin  erect  and  end- 
ing in  a  long  subulate  cusp,  abo  it  1  cm.  long,  flat  toward  tip,  trl- 
angular-cnrdnte  in  the  middle  by  being  sulcate.  gradually  flattening 
down  toward  base  till  completely  obcompressed  and  inclined  to  be 
substipitate,  seeminsrly  b-it  not  ft  all  inflated.  This  has  a  superficial 
resemblance  only  to  A.  pauciflorus.  being  manifestly  a  clos<^  ^Vy 
to  A.  humistratus  r^nd  connecting  with  the  Sericoleucl.  On  Sandy 
edges  from  the  Pahria  throusrh  Kanab  prifi  the  Vir^rin  bluffs  in  the 
Grand  Can-^n   region.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone.     Blooms  in  Anr'l . 

19.  Astragalus  humillimus  fJray  Brandegee's  Rep.  San  Juan  235 
(1876).  Phaca  humillima  (Gray)  Rydberg.  Densely  caes'iitose  and 
practically  aculog-rr^t  in  small  mats  f''om  very  woody  and  s>^ort 
branches  of  the  crown.  Leaves  about  1  cm.  long,  the  fiii<''"rm  pet'ole 
about  half  the  whole.  T^eaflets  3-5  pairs,  folded,  thirk.  silvery,  .abo-it 
2  mm.  long.  Stipules  lightly  hairy  above,  closely  imbricated,  broadly 
ovate  to  deltoid.  Peduncles  a  little  longer  than  the  leaves.  1.5-2  en. 
long,  with  1-3  flowers  racemose  at  the  ends.  Flowers  hardly  5  mm. 
long,  light-purple,  horizontal,  on  a  relatively  slender  pedicel.     Bracts 


broadly  ovate  and  acutish,  a  little  longer  than  the  pedicels  but  not 
equaling  the  calyx.  Calyx  obconic,  rather  oblique  at  tip  and  base,  a 
little  over  2  mm.  long,  with  the  triangular  black  teeth  about  a  third 
the  whole.  Banner  purple-speckled,  about  2-3  mm.  long,  abruptly 
arched  at  calyx  tips  to  nearly  erect,  about  oval  b  it  with  sides  reflexed 
from  base  to  tip  and  seeming  oblong.  Wings  a  trifle  shorter  than 
banner  and  arched  45  degrees,  bro-adly  oblanceolate,.  obtuse,  not  ex- 
posing keel,  white  or  tinged  with  purple  and  a  little  speckled,  keel 
about  2  mm  shorter  than  br.nner  (blade)  and  gently  arched  to  near 
the  tip  and  then  sharply  arched  in  all  to  about  200  degrees,  then 
the  very  broadly  deltoid  tip  erect,  purple.  Pods  hoary,  ovate  and 
with  cross  section  rather  rounded,  about  4  mm.  long  or  less,  about 
1-seeded.  Apparently  not  sulcate  nor  conspicuously  oblique.  This 
has  the  habit  of  A.  montanus  and  has  doubtless  been  mistaken  for  it. 
Blooms  April  to  May.  Gathered  by  Brandegee  on  the  Mesa  Verde 
Colorado.  Apparently  common  at  the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Colorado 
rt  the  end  of  the  railroad  on  sandy  ledges.  The  floral  characters 
p-e  taken  from  the  Grand  Canon  material.  This  can  at  once  be 
separated    from    montanus    by    the    leaflets    jointed    to    the    rachis 

20.  Astragalus  Gilensis  Greene  Tor.  Bull.  8  97  (1881).  Leaflets 
about  8  pairs,  shortly  acute,  5-7  mm.  long,  with  the  appearance  much 
that  of  A.  humistratus  and  with  hairs  not  fixed  at  the  ends.  Leaves 
inclined,  to  spread  out  on  the  ground,  5-8  cm.  long,  rarely  more. 
Prdunclps  many,  scapose,  inclined  to  be  decumbent,  10-12  cm.  long. 
Flowers  capitate,  about  10,  purple,  about  7  mm.  long.  Calyx  tube 
about  3  mm.  long  campanulate,  narrowed  below,  the  subulate  teeth 
nearly  as  long.  Bracts  acuminate-lanceolate,  ascending,  hyaline,  about 
3  mm.  long.  Banner  nearly  round,  2-3  mm.  long,  abruptly  arched  to 
erect  at  calyx  tips,  with  sides  much  reflexed  and  rather  deeply 
notched.  Wings  broadly  linear,  rounded,  arched  to  45  degrees  and 
exposing  keel  base,  about  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner  and  as  much 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  almost  exactly  that  of  A.  humillimus  but  tip 
a  trifle  more  acute,  about  2  mm  long.  1  mm.  shorter  than  win^s, 
2  mm  longer  than  calyx.  Pods  about  5  mm  long,  and  a  half  longer 
than  the  calyx,  half-oval,  the  dorsal  suture  straight  and  the  ventral 
jiuch  arched  and  very  thick,  not  inflated,  laterally  flattened  and  cross- 
section  ellii)tical,  sharply  and  very  abruptly  apiculate,  rigid  and  hoary 
with  close  hairs,  both  sutures  thick  and  prominent.  This  has  many 
short  branches  from  the  crown  and  conspicuous  stipules  overlapping 
so  as  to  form  a  narrow  cone  like  mass  1-3  cm.  wide,  the  edges,  some- 
what ciliate  but  otherwise  hyaline  and  smooth.  This  has  the  general 
anpearance  and  habit  of  A.  calycosus,  but  the  flowers  and  pods  are 
of  the  Sericoleuci.  This  grows  in  dry  places  along  the  canon,  of  the 
Gila  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  Also 
gathered  by  Parry  No.  204  Mex.  Bound.  Survey  at  Santa  Cruz  Pass. 
Also  in  the  Mogollons  Socorro  Co  New  Mex  Metcalfe. 

21.  Astragalus  sericoleucus  Gray  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  Ser.  2  33  410 
(1862).  Phaca  sericea  and  trifoliata  Nutt..  Orophaca  serieca  (Nutt.) 
Britton.  Tragacantha  sericea  (Nutt  )  Kun^^ze.  Pods  hoary,  about  6 
mm.  long,  oblong-ovate,  flattened  a  little  laterally  but  not  arched,  half 
Included  In  calyx,  a  trifle  inflated.  Flowers  normally  purple,  near- 
ly sessile,  rarely  1  cm.  long,  few  at  the  ends  of  a  short  peduncle 
v^hich  is  rarely  as  l-u'r  as  the  leaves  or  even  shorter  than  the  sti- 
r'  I'^s.  Banner  oval  to  obovate,  notchf^d.  4-8  mm.  long,  abruntly  arched 
at  end  of  calyx  to  erect  or  more,  with  evident  white-spot  and  purple- 
veined.  Wings  lanceolate,  often  oblique,  about  as  wide  as  keel  at  base 
and  2-3  mm.  longer  and  about  as  much  shorter  than  banner.  Keel 
not  surpas"?''ng  calvx  teeth,  with  base  about  straight  and  erect  part 
as  long  and  arched  sharply  to  at  least  90  degrees,  obtuse  and  purple- 


F4 

tipped.  Calyx  conic,  with  tube  about  3  mm.  long  and  as  long  as  the 
triangular  and  curved  teeth.  Bracts  often  as  long  as  calyx.  Primary 
leaves  sometimes  with  5  leaflets,  the  rest  with  three,  early  petioles 
very  short  and  later  ones  elongated.  Pubescence  attached  near  the 
middle,  fine  and  wavy.  In  the  type  the  calyx  is  not  deciduous.  It 
closely  resembles  A.  Alberti  Bunge.  Frequent  on  the  plains  of  northern 
Colorado  and  adjacent  Nebraska  and  "Wyoming.  Middle  Temperate  life 
zone,  in  dry  places.     Blooming  in  May. 

Astragalus  sericoleucus  var.  aretioides  Jones  Cont.  8  13  (1898). 
Orophaca  Rydberg.  This  is  a  very  condensed  form  with  flowers  barely 
exserted  from  the  stipules  and  with  stems  reduced  to  crowns,  the 
leaves  very  short  and  with  almost  no  petiole.  Leaflets  usually  acute. 
On  gravelly  hills  of  the  Laramie  Plains,  Wyoming. 

Astragalus  sericoleucus  var.  tridactylicus  (Gray)  Jones  Cont. 
10  69  (1902).  A.  tridactylicus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  527  (1865.) 
Orophaca  Rydberg.  Tragacantha  Kuntze.  Phaca  digitata  Nutt.  An 
unpublished  name.  Pods  globose-ovate,  nearly  smooth  to  puberulent, 
3-4  seeded.  Flowers  mostly  included  in  the  stipules,  from  1  cm.  long 
to  half  as  long  and  very  variable.  Calyx  soon  falling  from  the  pod. 
Leaves  usually  long-petioled.  Leaflets  rather  narrow  and  often  1.5 
cm.  long.  Stems  reduced  to  crowns.  With  the  type  but  less  com- 
mon.    The  extreme  form   seem  very  distinct,  but  it  intergrades. 

22.  Astragalus  tegetarioides  Jones  Cpnt.  10  66  (1902).  Pods 
about  twice  the  calyx,  about  3  mm  high  and  1-2  mm.  wide,  abruptly 
apiculate  at  both  ends,  splitting  the  calyx,  chartaceous,  coarsely  reti- 
culated, translucent,  laterally  flattened  but  bulged  at  the  single  sped, 
ashy,  rather  ascending,  sutures  obscure  and  nerve-like,  sides  rather 
concave,  cross  section  ovate,  or  when  bisulcate  dorsally  appearing  4- 
angled,  both  sutures  convex  but  the  ventral  the  more  so.  Flowers 
about  5  mm  long,  horizontal.  About  half  a  dozen  in  a  head  which  be- 
comes a  short  raceme  in  fruit,  5  mm.  long.  Banner  purple-striped,  about 
3  mm  long,  oval,  abruptly  erect  at  end  of  teeth,  with  sides  much  re- 
flexed.      Wings    broadly    obovate,   very   oblique,    wider   than    keel    and 

1  mm.  longer,  1  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  barely  surpassin-:;; 
the  calyx,  rounded  from  base  to  a  half  circle,  obtuse,  about  1  mm.  higb. 
Calyx  turbinate-campanulate.  the  tube  about  1  mm.  long,  narrowed  a'-'d 
unequally  inserted  at  base  on  a  filiform  pedicel  which  is  at  lo'-^t 
as  long  as  calyx  tube,  not  obl'que  fibove.     Teeth  subulate,  lax.  nenrly 

2  mm.  long.  Bracts  lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Pedum^leg 
filiform,  about  2  cm.  long.  Leaves  2.5-4  cm  long,  with  the  filifnr  m 
1  etiole  over  half  the  whole.  Leaflets  thick,  folded,  nearly  conti2;no!is, 
about  4  pairs,  4-5  mm.  long,  obcordate  to  oval-obcordate.  with  cuneate 
and  lons'-petiolulate  base,  truncate,  to  notched.  Stipules  nearly  deltoid, 
with  subulate  tips,  green  at  first,  3-5  mm.  long.  Stems  much  branched 
forming  dense  mats,  about  1  mm.  thick,  flexuous,  with  internodes  about 
1  cm.  long.  "Whole  iilant  silverv  with  wavy  hairs.  On  the  southf^rn 
Blue  Mts.  Oregon  in  the  Ruck  Range,  in  sandy  soil,  No.  2619  Cusick. 
blooming  in  June.  This  has  the  habit  ff  te^'etarius  and  lentiformis. 
But  for  the  1  celled  pod  it  would  go  with  lentiformis. 

23.  Astraq^ius  quinqueflorus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  ?1  450 
(1886).  Pods  about  4  mm,  high  and  2-3  mm  wide,  ashy,  half-oval,  very 
obtuse  and  ai;iculatp  coarsely  5-7  ribbod.  with  thick  sutures,  rarely 
a  little  sulcate  dorsally  in  the  middle,  laterally  flattened,  with  cross  sec 
tion  ovate  or  a  little  cordate,  pendent,  splitting  the  calyx,  several  seeded 
Flowers  white,  about  3  mm.  long,  rarely  5  in  a  loose  raceme.  Banner 
round,  abruptly  arched  to  erect  at  end  of  tube,  about  2  mm.  long,  sides 
a  little  reflexed.  Wings  oblanceolate,  arched,  about  1  mm  longer  than 
keel  and  as  much  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  about  1  mm  long  the  base 
a  little  arched  and  end  abruptly  rounded  to  about  110  degrees  and  then 


85 

the  tip  erect  and  acute,  about  1  mm.  high,  purple-tipped.  Calyx  tube 
about  1  mm.  long,  campauulate,  acute  at  base  and  equally  inserted,  cleft 
deeper  above  and  with  unequal  teeth  about  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels 
slender,  about  3  mm.  long,  much  longer  than  the  minute  bracts.  Pe- 
duncles filiform,  subterminal,  often  1  dm.  long,  weak,  with  fruiting 
racemes  1-3  cm.  long.  Leaves  about  5  cm.  long,  with  the  petiole  fully 
half  the  whole.  Leaflets  about  4  pairs,  thickish,  broadly  linear,  obtuse, 
hardly  ,^  mm.  long,  folded,  distant.  Stipules  not  connate,  triangular 
to  subulate,  2-3  mm.  long.  Stems  a  few  inches  long,  many  from  the 
crown,  with  slender  internodes,  prostrate.  Hills  and  plains  of  Chihua- 
hua Mexico  to  Zacatecas.    Tropical.    This  has  the  habit  of  A.  Brandegei- 


F6 
TRIPHYLLI  2. 


Densely  cfespitose  and  aeaulescent  plants  with  largo  crowns 
and  digitate  silvery  leaves.  Flowers  elongated  and  narrow 
2-3  cm.  long,  white.  Peduncles  none,  with  flowers  sessile 
among  the  stipules  Avhich  are  large,  hyaline  and  smooth  above 
and  long-hairy  below.  Pods  about  ovate,  hoary,  very  small 
and  inclosed  in  calyx.  Much  nearer  related  to  the  Ocreati  than 
the  Sericoleuci. 


Flowers  smooth.  24     tripbyllus 

Flowers  hairy.  25     hyalinus 

24.  Astragalus  triphyilus  Pursh  Fl.  740  (1814).  Phaca  caespitosa 
and  argophylla  Nutt.  A.  gilviflorus  Sheldon.  Orophaca  caespitosa 
(Nutt)  Britton.  Leaflets  3-5,  oblanceolate,  1-2  cm.  long,  acutish,  often 
folded,  jointed  to  the  variable  petiole,  densely  pnbescent  with  warty 
straight,  slender  hairs  fixed  near  the  base.  Flowers  with  banner 
oblanceolate  to  obovate  and  with  a  long  and  narrow  claw,  a  little 
arched  at  tip  ina  gentle  arc,  sides  much  reflexed.  about  9  mm.  longer 

than  keel.  Wings  linear  to  narrowly  oblanceolaterounded  and  obtuse, 
straight,  about  3  mm.  wide,  as  wide  as  keel  and  2-7  mm.  longer. 
Keel  blade  broadly  linear,  straight,  about  7  mm.  long,  purple-tipped, 
but  little  wider  at  tip  where  the  lower  side  is  arched  in  semicircle  and 
with  the  upper  corner  very  obtuse  and  not  produced,  general  oitline 
nearly  linear-cuneate.  Calyx  tube  cylindric,  often  a  little  inflated, 
1-1.5  cm.  long,  straight,  laterally  flattened,  with  acute  and  obliq'ie 
base,  not  5  mm.  wide,  appressed-shaggy  with  white  hairs,  the  teeth 
triangular  and  about  3  mm.  long.  Pods  5-7  mm.  long,  acute,  cro^s 
section  nearly  round,  the  ventral  suture  a  trifle  arched,  little  if  at  p11 
sulcate.  Ventral  suture  raised  and  decidedly  thickened.  On  the 
Plains  frnm  Nebraska  and  northern  Colorado  to  the  base  of  the  P.cr-lc'es 
and  northward  to  the  Sn«katchewan,  apparently  not  on  the  Pacific 
slope.     Blooms   early   in   May. 

25.  Astragalus  hy?linus  Jones  Cont.  7  648  (1895).  Stems  loo^e'v 
matted,  us-iplly  erect  2.5-6  cm.  high  at  the  ends  of  the  much  branched 
tap  root.  Stipules  very  conspicuous,  large  and  much  imbricated,  at 
least  2  c'Ti.  long,  smooth  except  at  base.  Leaflets  narrowly  elliptical 
to  oblanceolate.  rbnit  1  cm.  long  and  4  mm.  wide,  3,  densely  silvery- 
silky  with  h-^irs  attach'^d  rear  the  middle  Petiole  variable.  Flowers 
and  pods  similar  to  fi^e  above  but  flowers  hairy  all  over.  On  the 
Plains   with   A.   triphyllis   and   may   be   an   abnormal    form. 


DEBILES   3. 


Pods  nearly  sessile  or  shortly  stipitate,  papery  (chartac- 
eous  in  A.  leptalens),  inflated,  completely  1-eelled,  and  with 
dorsal  suture  not  at  all  intruded,  nigrescent,  becoming  gla- 
brous with  age,  about  straight  but  oblique,  nearly  half -oval  to 
half-ovate  or  narrowly  oblong,  but  little  flattened  laterally 
if  at  all  (decidedly  flattened  in  A.  Bourgovii),  cross-section 
nearly  round,  not  sulcate  or  only  flattened  dorsally  (some- 
times sulcate  in  leptaleus  and  Bourgovii).  Ventral  suture 
about  straight  and  tip  not  declined  (except  possibly  in  A.  po- 
laris),  dorsal  suture  the  more  arched.  Flower  7-12  mm.  long, 
few  or  in  heads.  Calyx  tube  nigrescent,  cleft  deeper  above, 
hyaline,  campanulate,  2-3  mm.  long,  narrowed  below,  the 
teeth  subulate  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube.  Petals  rather 
broad  and  short-clawed.  Keel  purple-tipped.  Peduncles 
long  and  filiform.  Bract  green  and  lanceolate,  a  little  longer 
than  the  pedicels,  small  and  short.  Leaflets  thin  and  flat. 
Stipules  large,  connate  at  least  below,  green.  Stems  slender, 
perennial,  flexuous,  weak,  with  slender  internodes  and  weak 
and  narrow  leaves,  spreading  over  the  ground,  from  rather 
slender  roots  and  much  divided  crowns  from  fleshy  or  woody 
roots.  This  section  would  seem  to  belong  to  the  Inflati  but 
all  its  relatives  are  here.  A.  vaginatus  Pall,  referred  to  in 
Hooker's  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  149  in  which  the  description  of  Pal- 
las is  quoted  would  naturallj^  come  here,  but  that  species  is  A, 
versicolor,  while  the  plant  of  Richardson  (on  which  Hooker 
bases  A.  vaginatus)  and  which  Sheldon  calls  A.  Richardsoni 
is  A.  Bourgovii  probably.  A.  versicolor  does  not  grow  in 
America. 

KEY 

A.     Pods  larne,  oval-oblong,  3-5  cm.  long,  greatly  inflated,  not  reflexed, 
single  or  few  at  the  ends  of  filiform  peduncles.     Roots  not  woody. 

Arctic  plants.     26  polaris. 

2A.     Pods  small,  not  over  1.5  cm.  long,  somewhat  inflated,  the  cross, 
section    inclined  to  be  ovate,  on  a   minute  stipe,  or  short,  few  at 
the  ends  of  the  filiform   peduncles. 
2AB.      Pods   apparently    sessile    or   on    a   scarcely    noticeable    stipe, 
oblique,  broad.     Flowers  capitate  when    in   bloom. 
Leaves  petioled,  rather  few.     Leaflets  3-5  pairs.     Wet  meadows     27     debilis. 
Leaves  sessile.,  very  many.     Leaflets  6-S  pairs.     Arctic.         28     Yukonis. 
2A2B.      Pods   distinctly   stipitate,    little   oblique,    narrow,    mostly   sul- 
cate dorsally.     Leaves  all   petioled. 
Stipe  2  mm.  long.     Calyx  3-4  mm.  long.     Pods  sharp  at  both  ends. 

Peduncles  shorter  than  leaves.     Pedicels  longer  than  bracts.     29  Bourgovii. 
Stipe  about  I  mm.  long.     Peduncles  longer  than  leaves.     Pedicels 
not  longer  then  bracts.     Pods  acutish  only.  30  leptaleus. 


88  Debiles. 

26.  Astragalus  polaris  Benth.  in  Hook.  f.  Arct.  PI.  323  (1861). 
This  is  also  Tr.  Linn.  Sec.  330.  Pods  about  2  cm.  wide  and  high, 
speckled,  obtus^^  at  Loth  ends,  seemingly  much  obcompressed,  with 
dorsal  suture  a  little  arched  and  the  ventral  about  straight  when 
mature  but  convex  when  young  and  with  tip  declined,  ascending, 
black-hairy,  sessile  rr  with  a  minute  and  jointed  stipe  splitting  the 
calyx.  Calyx  rather  long-campanulate,  4  mm.  long,  the  teeth  about  half 
as  long.  Flowers  1-3,  the  blades  of  petals  3-4  times  as  long  as 
calyx,  the  kfeel  shorter  than  the  rest.  Peduncles  about  1  dm.  long 
in  fruit,  axillary.  Leaves  about  1  cm.  long,  with  a  petiole  about  1  cm. 
long.  Leaflets  5-7  pairs,  ovate  to  oblong  or  elliptical,  about  2  cm. 
long  and  7  mm.  wide,  refuse  to  deeply  notched  short-petiolulate,  dis- 
tant. Stems  delicate  and  very  slender,  about  a  foot  long,  diffuse. 
Stipules  hyaline,  about  7  mm.  long.  Internodes  about  2-3  cm.  long. 
Plants  smooth  to  sparingly  pubescent.  This  imperfectly  known  species 
from  Cape  Vancouver  grows  in  the  tundra.     Arctic. 

27.  Astragalus  debilis.  (Nutt.)  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  60  (1863)  . 
Phaca  debilis  Nutt  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  34.5  (1838).  A.  Bodini  Sheldon. 
Homalobus  Rydberg.  Pods  half-oval,  about  5-8  mm.  long,  the  ventral 
suture  about  straight  or  a  little  convex  toward  the  end,  abont  3-4  mm. 
high,  rather  laterally  flattened,  the  cross  section  being  broadly  ovate 
or  rarely  a  little  cordate  by  being  a  trifle  sulcate  dorsally,  minutely 
stipitate,  apiculate  at  both  ends,  widely  spreading  or  reflexed.  Flow- 
ers in  the  type  in  dense  heads  on  peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves, 
shortly-spicate  in  fruit,  light-purple  to  purple-tipped,  many,  spreading, 
about  1  cm  long,  rather  narrow.  Banner  oval  to  oblong-oval,  about 
5-7  mm.  long,  ascending  abruptly  to  45  degrees  at  calyx  tips,  with 
sides  reflexed  below  and  about  one  half  mm.  wide,  not  at  the  notched 
tip;  groove  reduced  to  a  mere  line  above  but  forming  a  hnlf  circle 
and  about  1  mm.  wide  below  keel  tip;  white  spot  comes  within  1  mm. 
of  tip,  is  obovate  to  fan-shaped  and  lacerate  above  with  fine  purple 
lines,  purple  veins  run  through  the  spot  and  unite  in  twos  below  but 
do  not  form  a  ring,  spot  is  about  2  mm.  wide  and  3  mm.  long,  the 
whole  banner  is  purnle-veined.  Wings  about  3  mm.  long,  sometimes 
2  mm.  wide,  obliquely  oblong,  with  narrowed  but  cbtuse  tip.  If^ft  one 
spreading,  concave  to  keel  pnd  nearly  horizontal  with  concave  sid^ 
down  toward  the  tip  and  right  hand  one  incurved  over  keel,  nearly 
2  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  as  much  shorter  than  banner,  puride- 
veined.  Keel  much  inflated  near  the  calyx  tips  but  flat  beyond  and  a 
half  longer,  incurved  about  100  degrees  and  very  obtuse,  dark-pur- 
ple. Calyx  tube  about  3  mm.  long,  almost  cylindrical,  laterally  com- 
pressed below  and  obcompressed  near  tip,  the  lower  side  straight, 
the  upper  arched,  neither  oblique  nor  unequally  inserted.  Teeth  equal, 
subulate  and  2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  short  and  stout,  black.  1  mm.  long 
in  flower,  often  twice  the  calyx  and  inclined  to  be  twisted  in  fruit. 
Bracts,  about  3  mm  long.  Peduncles  2-12  cm.  long.  Upper  leaves 
slender,  narrow  and  sessile,  rather  appressed,  rarely  1  dm.  long,  green, 
a  little  fleshy  when  fresh  but  drying  very  thin.  Leaflets  6-8  pairs, 
oval  to  lanceolate  mostly  acute,  4-15  mm.  long,  about  6-8  mm.  wide, 
ascending,  rarely  co^tieuous.  Stipules  trianc:ular  4-10  mm.  long,  mostly 
reflexed,  green.  Stems  weak,  slender,  delicate,  1-3  ft.  long,  many, 
proptrate  when  not  supported  by  grass  forming  masses  2-4  fee* 
wide  from  woody  crown.  Pubescence  of  whole  plant  sparsely  ashy 
to  almost  none.  Grows  in  moist  meadows  where  the  soil  is  a  little 
alkaline.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  Blooms  in  late  summer.  This 
is  a  plant  of  wide  distribution  but  rarely  seen.  North  Park  Colorado 
Osterhout,  Cummins,  and  Centennial  Valley  Wyo.  Nelson;  Loa,  Utah 
Ward  and  .Jones,  British  Columbia  Macouu,  North  Platte  Nel).  Ryd- 
berg  distributed  as  A.  giganteus;  Stevenson  and  Laramie  Wyo.  by 
Cleburn  in  1875.     A  form  from  Salubria,  Idaho  by  myself  though  only 


Debiies.  89 

in  flower  and  with  all  the  leaflets  short,  oval  and  very  obtuse,  and 
peduncles  only  half  as  long  as  the  leaves  probably  belongs  here.  A. 
Bodini  is  the  ordinarily  well  developed  form. 

28.  Astragalus  Yukon  is  n.  sp.  Pods  immature,  oblong-lanceolate, 
acuminate  and  somewhat  arcuate  upward,  hardly  5  mm.  long,  ascend- 
ing. Eastwood  pods  are  about  7  mm.  long  by  3  mm.  wide,  broadly 
oblong,  round  to  a  little  oblate  in  cross-section,  2-3  seeded,  thin, 
short-hairy,  erect,  a  trifle  cordate  at  base,  with  strong  raised  ven- 
tral suture  externally,  shortly  and  very  obliquely  acute.  Flowers 
purple,  about  8  mm.  long,  about  5  at  the  ends  of  almost  capillary  ped- 
uncles longer  than  the  leaves.  Banner  obovate,  about  5  mm.  long, 
arched  abruptly  at  end  of  calyx  to  nearly  erect,  with  sides  reflexed 
about  1  mm.  wide  to  tip;  white  spot  triangular  and  purple  veined, 
with  the  center  produced  as  a  white  strip  to  tip  of  blade,  2-3  mm. 
longer  than  wings.  Wings  oblanceolate,  oblique,  a  little  arched, 
rounded,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  straight  along 
the  base,  about  4  mm.  long,  the  tip  abruptly  erect,  obtuse  and  3 
mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  about  2  mm.  long,  slightly  oblique  at  both  ends, 
nearly  equally  inserted,  the  triangular  teeth  about  as  long.  Pedun- 
cles about  1  mm.  long  and  equaled  by  the  bracts.  Pedicels  5-7 
cm.  long,  in  the  upper  axils.  Leaves  2-5  cm.  long,  all  rather  long- 
petioled,  innumerable,  narrow.  Leaflets  3-5  pairs,  oval  to  elliptical, 
rarely  5  mm.  long,  rounded,  ashy  with  rather  coarse  stiff  white  hairs, 
sparse,  appressed.  Internodes  very  many,  rarely  1  cm,  long.  Stems 
petioles  and  peduncles  almost  capillary,  stems  very  many  from  a 
stout  and  erect  rrot,  ni'ich  branched  and  forming  delicate  mats  often 
a  foot  or  two  wide.  Stipules  small,  rarely  3  mm.  long.  Though  the 
pcds  are  immature  the  plant  is  clearly  new.  No.  1082  Gorman  from 
Ranch  valley  near  Fort  Selkirk  on  the  Yukon  in  mnist  meadows.  July 
5  1899.  The  Ayan  name  is  Kto-goonh.  Distributed  as  A.  debilis. 
No.    626    Miss    Eastwood    Whitehorse    on    the    Yukon    July    23,    1914. 

29.  Astragalus  Bourgovii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  227  (1864)  Pods 
fully  15  cm  long  exclusive  of  the  2  mm.  long  stipe,  from  flatfish  to 
rrnrly  round  in  cr-^ss-sect'on,  4-5  m^^.  high,  half-ovate-lanceolate  to 
obliquely  oblong-oblanceolate,  acute  at  both  ends.  Flowers  ascend- 
ing, few,  racemose,  stout  and  thick,  about  1-1.5  mm.  long,  purple. 
Pinner  7  mm.  long,  ovate-oval,  short  and  abruptly  arched  at  the  ends 
of  the  calyx  teeth  to  90  degrees,  but  little  longpv  than  the  keel,  with 
sides  much  reflexed.  Wings  little  shorter  than  the  banner,  lanceolate, 
a  little  arched  1  mm.  wide,  narrower  than  keel.  Keel  7  mm.  Ions;, 
straight,  sharply  rounded,  2  mm.  shorter  than  the  banner,  purple  aabove, 
with  ti)ie  erect,  acute  and  3  mm.  high,  a  trifle  shorter  thin  the  win?'^. 
Calyx  tube  oblong-campanulate,  3-4  mm.  long,  narrowed  below,  with 
mouth  scarcely  oblique,  with  teeth  triangular  to  filiform-subulate  and 
about  half  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  slender,  mostly  twisted  and  with 
pod  inverted,  about  as  long  as  the  calyx  teeth  and  about  2  mm.  long  in 
flower,  but  the  lower  fruiting  pedicels  often  1  cm.  long.  Bracts-  ovate 
to  subulate,  delicate,  1  mm.  long.  Peduncles  almost  filiform,  nearly 
all  terminal,  much  longer  than  the  leaves,  about  as  long  as  the 
stems,  10-15  cm.  long  including  the  short  rachis.  Racemes  short,  spi- 
cate  in  flower,  with  about  5-10  flowers.  Leaves  not  over  7  cm.  long, 
slender,  with  lower  petioles  about  as  long  as  the  leaf  rachis.  Leaflets 
acute  at  both  ends,  narrowly  ellinticnl  to  oblone  or  lanceolate,  not  over 
1-1.2  cm.  long,  4  mm.  wide,  of  7-8  pairs,  puberulent,  nearly  contiguous, 
reduced  only  at  the  ends  of  the  leaves.  Stipu'es  scarious,  4  mm.  long 
nearly  wholly  connate.  Stems  1-2.5  dm.  high,  ascending,  with  inter- 
nodes not  over  2-3  cm.  long.  Root  woody,  crowned  by  many  filiform 
and  subterranean  stems  which  form  loose  mats.  Pubescence  strigulose, 
sparse  and  short.  This  has  the  habit  of  A.  aboriginum  and  resembles 
A.  debilis  but  the  leaves  are  more  rakish  and  the  leaflets  sharp.    Saw- 


90  Debiles. 

tooth  Mts.  southern  Idaho  and  eastward  to  eastern  Montana  and 
northward  to  British  Columbia,  not  in  Utah,  alpine  and  subalpine 
on  rocky  slopes,  blooming  in  July  and  August.  The  type  has  very 
short  stems.     The  less  alpine  forms  have  longer  stems  and  leaves. 

30.  Astragalus  leptaleus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  220  (1864).  Phaca 
pauciflora  Nutt.  A.  pauciflorus  (Nutt.)  Gray.  Pods  rarely  1  cm.  long, 
3-4  mm.  wide,  chartaceous,  a  trifle  inflated,  elliptical-lanceolate  or 
ovate  to  oval,  acutish,  abruptly  contracted  into  a  stipe  about  half  as 
long  as  calyx,  very  shallow  and  widely-sulcate  or  flat  dorsally,  rather 
obcompressed,  appearing  as  if  nearly  round  in  cross  section,  little 
oblique,  sometimes  a  little  curved  and  resembling  small  forms  of  A. 
flexuosus.  Flowers  2-5,  white  (rarely  purplish)  on  the  ends  of  long 
and  filiform  axillary  peduncles  which  are  shorter  than  the  leaves,  about 

1  cm.  long.  Banner  obovate  to  oblong-obovate,  about  7  mm.  long,  4-5 
mm.  wide,  notched,  abruptly  arched  to  45  degrees  at  calyx  tips,  2-3  mm. 
Longei*  than  wings.  Wings  oblanceolate,  2  mm.  wide,  rather  arched 
often  to  30  degrees,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.     Keel  very  short,  about 

2  mm.  long  and  high,  rounded  to  a  half  circle  from  base,  very  obtuse. 
Calyx  tube  about  3  mm.  long,  narrowed  below,  not  oblique,  a  little 
longer  than  the  subulate  teeth  and  about  as  long  as  the  filiform  pedicel 
and  subulate  bract.  Peduncles  2-5  cm.  long.  Leaves  7-10  cm.  long,  very 
narrow  with  ascending  leaflets,  and  very  delicate.  Leaflets  7-11  pairs, 
lanceolate  to  elliptical,  acute,  distant,  long-petiolulate,  7-12  mm.  long. 
Stipules  narrowly  subulate,  not  reflexed,  4-10  mm.  long,  connate  even 
on  the  uppermost  nodes.  Stems  filiform,  flexuous  and  very  weak, 
rarely  a  foot  long,  often  only  a  few  inches  long,  the  internodes  rather 
short,  minutely  and  sparsely  pubescent  but  seemingly  smooth.  Whole 
plant  very  delicate,  supported  by  the  grass  in  the  deep  meadows  in 
which  it  grows.  Stems  very  few  from  slender  running  rootstocks  as  in 
A.  andinus.  This  is  equally  rare  with  A.  debilis  and  with  the  same 
wide  distribution.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  From  Santa  Fe  New 
Mexico  northward  to  British  America.  Westward  to  Gunnison  Colorado, 
not  as  yet  found  in  Utah  nor  the  Great  Basin.  Monida,  Somers,  Big- 
fork  Montana,  Jones. 


«7 


INFLATI. 


Pods  papery,  rarely  ehartaceoiis,  (coriaceous  only  in  A. 
Beckwithii,  oocarpus,  and  lentiginosus  at  times)  conspicuously 
inflated  (some  forms  of  A.  lentiginosus,  Palmeri,  and  pauci- 
florus  onl.y  slightly  so),  wholly  1-celled  (except  in  A.  lenti- 
ginosus  which  is  variously  2-celled  and  A.  Beckwithii  and 
triquetrus  have  the  dorsal  suture  raised  within  somewhat),  the 
dorsal  suture  not  at  all  produced  (except  as  noted  above), 
the  ventral  suture  somewhat  thickened  and  produced  within 
and  seed-bearing  along  the  middle  only,  mostly  suleate  ventral- 
ly  and  the  suture  nearly  straight  to  concave  or  sometimes 
convex  in  the  middle,  the  dorsal  suture  the  more  arched  and 
rarely  suleate,  pod  tardily  opening. 

KEY 

A.      Pods  wholly   1-ceiled    (dorsal   suture   a    little   intruded   in   A.   Beck- 
withii) 

AB,     Pods  small,  rarely  2  cm.  long,  sessile,  jointed  to  a  minute  stipe 

in  A.  pubentissimus  and  sabulonum,  never  balloon-shaped.    Calyx 

turbinate   to  campanulate.      Flowers  small    rarely   1    cm.    long. 

ABC.     Densely  tufted  or  caespitose  perennials.     Flowers  racemose, 

much    arched,    widely    spreading    or    reflexed.       Keel     purple 

Pods  reflexed  or  horizontal.     Leaves  ail  petioled  and  crowded 

Miseres. 
ABCD.  Flowers  5-8  mm.  long.  Stipules  connate  high  up  and 
inclined  to  turn  black  in  drying.  Peduncles  filiform,  axil- 
lary, shorter  than  the  leaves,  over  2  cm.  long.  Leaves 
about  5  cm.  long,  with  4-6  pairs  of  narrowly  elliptical  leaf- 
lets about  1-2  cm.  long  which  are  cuneate  at  base  and  api- 
culate.  Stems  very  slender,  branched  below,  very  many, 
1-2  feet  long,  about  prostrate,  from  a  rather  much  branched 
root.  Northern  plants. 
Pods  oblong,  inclined  to  dry  black,  little  inflated,  much  flattened. 

31  pauciflorus. 
Pods  nearly  globose,  not  blackening,  much  inflated,  not  flattened. 

32  miser. 
ABC2D.  Flowers  mostly  barely  5  mm.  long.  Stipules  not- 
connate,  broad  and  reflexed,  small,  not  turning  black.  Pods 
very  oblique  but  not  aircuate,  papery.  Peduncles  barely  1-2 
cm.  long  and  with  rachis  about  as  long.  Leaves  about  3  cm. 
long,  with  3-5  pairs  of  oval  to  cuneate-obovate  notched  leaf- 
lets, not  over  1  cm.  long.  Stems  branching  above,  prostrate 
about  a  foot  long  or  less,  flexuous  and  with  short  internodes. 
Plants  of  the  sagebrush  plains  at  the  eastern  base  of  the 
Sierras. 

Whole  plant  softly  long-hairy.  33     Pulsifers. 

Plants  ashy  with  closely  appressed  short  hairs.  34    diurnus. 


92  Inflati. 


ABC3D.  Flowers  about  5-9  mm.  long,  purplish,  rarely  white. 
Calyx  narrowly  campanulate.  Stipules  not  connate,  rather 
wide,  not  turning  black.  Pods  shaggy,  with  longer  and  den- 
ser hairs  than  on  the  leaves  opening  along  botn  sutures  at 
tip,  obcompressed,  narrow,  conspicuously  arcuate,  inclined 
to  be  sulcate  at  both  sutures,  somewhat  inflated,  the  dorsal 
suture  double.  Leaflets  slightly  if  at  all  notched  not  evi- 
dently cuneate,  short-petiolulate,  about  1  cm.  long,  rather 
narrow.  Plants  of  the  Navajo  and  Green  River  Basins, 
growing  in  poor  soil  in  valleys,  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 
Often  blooming  as  winter  annuals.  A.  desperatus  would  be 
sought  here  when  the  pods  are  very  thin. 
\Vhole  plant  softly  and  densely  hairy.  35     pubentissimus. 

AB2C.     Low  annuals  from  a  slender  and  erect  root,  widely  spread- 
ing  and    much    branched    stems    not   elongated,   with    short    in- 
ternodes  and  numerous  leaevs.     Flowers  rather  few  and   race- 
mose on   axillary   peduncles   shorter  than   the   leaves    5-8   mm. 
long,  mostly  white,  much  arched.     Stipules  not  connate,  small 
Leaflets  not  over  7  pairs,  narrow,  thickish,  obtuse.     Pods  very 
oblique,  opening  first  at  tip,  mostly  somewhat  arcuat?,  papery, 
wrinkled,    reflexed    except    in    A.    aridus.      Pedicels    very   short 
and   about  as   long   as  the   minute   bracts.     Calyx  campanulate 
to   hemispherical,   about  2  mm.   long.     Aridi. 
AB2CD.      Pods   strongly   pubescent,   but   l^ss   so   than   f-e   'e^f-s 
with   flat   beak   very   short   and   mostly   scarcely   eviHent,   ob- 
liquely  oblong-ovate   or   half-oval-ovate,   slightly    inflated    al- 
most filled  by  the  large  seeds,  hardly  1.5  cm.  long,  jcinted  to  a 
minute   stipe.      Leaflets   elliptical. 
Plants  appearing  green  but  with  short  hairs.  Pods  rounded 

below,  barely  flattened.  Flowers  about  7  mm.  long.         36     sabulonum. 
Plants  hoary.  Pods  narrowed  below  and  much  flattened  at  both 

ends.  Flowers  about  5  mm.  long.  37     aridus. 

AB2C2D.  Pods  only  minutely  pubescent  wh-n  r'ature,  hoary 
with  very  short  hairs  when  young,  very  cb;i':ue.  translucent 
and  very  thin  and  much  inflated,  conspicuously  and  very 
obliquely  flat-beaked,  about  2  cm.  long  and  1  cm.  hinh  or 
wide,  reflexed.  Leaflets  linear  or  seemingly  so  by  being 
folded. 
Pods  very  oblique,  half-ovate  to  lunate.  38  Geyeii. 

AB3C.      Slender,    elongated    plants,    weak,    mostly    annual,    inter- 
nodes  slender  and  leaves  rather  sparse,  ?t  le^S'':  rot  very.^vianv 
Flowers  rnther  many  in  conspicjci's  r3ce:nes  ard  about  1  cm. 
long,    mosti  /    nur'-'le,    not    conspicro-jsly    archp-'        Peduncles 
elongated  and  mostly  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  leaves     Sti- 
pules not  connate,  small.     Upper  leaves  short-petioled.       Leaf- 
lets   narrow,    over    7    mirs        Po's    v«'it'-.    thin    fat    beals,    1-2 
cm.    long,    fully    half    as    wide,    inclined    to    be    bellied    in    th^ 
'    iHrtle     rarely    at    all    obconcressed.    pTrerv,    r-re'v    wr'-kl^d. 
Pedicels  almost   none  or  short  and   bracts  very  small.     Calvx 
campanulate,    small,    rarely   3    mm.    long.      Stems   prostrate   or 
decumbent.     Proriferi. 
AB3CD.       Pods    reflexed,    chartaceous    to    membranaceous,    not 
over  1  cm.  long   (2  cm.  in  one  form  of  A.  Vaseyi),  somewhat 
oblique  but  with  ventral  suture  always  convex  in  the  middle, 
triangular-narrowed  at  base   (abrutply  so  at  base)   and  apex, 
inflated    in    the    middle   till    the   cross   section    is    round,   not 
sulcate,   with    sharp   beak,   somewhat    triquetrous    below   the 
flat   tip,   obliquely   elliptical   to   oval,   with    both   sutures   evi- 
dent   and    the    ventral    raised.         Flowers    many,    spicate    to 


Inflati.  93 

racemose,   7-10    mm.    long.      Calyx   tube   about   2    mm.    long, 
obliquely  attached   (sometimes     but  obscurely  so,  with  teeth 
subulate   and   about  as   lonn   as  the  tube   (short   in   A.   Meta- 
nus).    Peduncles   about   as   long   as   leaves,   the   floral    rachis 
twice   as   long.        Leaflets   about   2-3   cm.    long,   elliptical    or 
narrower,  mostly  obtuse.     Stipules  adnat-^,   reflexed.     Stems 
striate,  1-2  ft,  long,  rather  flexuous.     Internodes  3-0  cm.  long. 
Plants  very  oubescent  except   in   A.   metanus.   Tropical    life 
zone. 
AB3CDE.      Pubescence   spreading.      Leaflets   moderately   petio- 
lulate. 
Pods  racemose.  Flowers  nearly  white.  Plants  shaggy 

with  partly  spreading  silky  hairs.  39     Julianus. 

Pods  spicate.  Flowers  dark-purple.  Plants  hoary 

above  with  densely  woolly  hairs.  40     proriferus. 

AB3CD2E.  Pods  nearly  glabrous,  ventral  suture  humped  in 
the  middle  and  about  onohalf  as  cor.. ex  theri  -is  the 
dorsal.  Upper  leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so.  LeaMets  about 
9  pairs,  23  cm.  long,  distant,  acutish,  long-petiolulate,  nar- 
rowly to  linear-elliptic,  flat.  Pubescence  closely  ap- 
pressed.  Tall  plants  and  probably  shrubby. 
Pods  much  flattened  except  at  very  base,  10  mm.  long.  41  metanus. 
Pods  not  flattened  except  at  very  tip.  2  cm.  long.  42     Vaseyi. 

AB3C2D.  Pods  4-10  mm.  lonn,  reflexed  in  short  and  close  ra- 
cemes, very  greatly  inflated,  globose-ovate,  not  at  all  oblique 
not  compressed,  not  sulcate  noticeably,  not  at  all  narrowed 
at  base,  the  minute  and  flat  tip  scarcely  visible.  Stems  as- 
cending, annuals  or  winter  annuals. 
Pods  jointed  to  a  minute  stipe,  6-8  mm.  long.  43     Thurberi 

AB3C3D.      Pods   about  5   mm.   high   and    12   mm.   long,   half-oval, 
inflated   very   little   and    only    in   the   middle,   much    laterally 
flattened  till   nearly  flat,   erect  and  appressed.     Apparently 
perennials  of  the   Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 
Pods  nearly  flat  44     Palmeri. 

AB4C.  Slender  or  tall  plants  with  minutely  woolly  pubescence, 
stubby  cream-colored  flowers  in  dense  spikes  which  do  not 
elongate  with  age  and  on  conspicuous  peduncles  which  elon- 
gate with  age.  Leaves  sessile,  with  many  pairs  of  nearly 
contiguous  leaflets,  which  are  cuneate  below.  Pods  taper- 
pointed.  Tropical  plants. 
Pods  rigid,  small,  little  inflated,  nearly  smooth.  Tall  perennials. 

45     pychnostachyus. 
Pods  papery,  rather  large,  much  inflated,  hairy.  Annuals.     46     Ilornii. 
A2B.     Pods  small,  rarely  2  cm.  long  sometimes  3  cm.  long  in  pictus 
and  subcinereus  very  much   inflated   (somewhat  so  in  scalaris), 
with   cross   section    about   round    (deltoid-ovate    in   scalaris),   tip 
but   little  flattened    (decidedly  so   in   insularis),   reflexed,   almost 
traslucent   and   very   thin,   firm   in   subcinereus   and   scalaris,   on 
a    minute    stipe    shorter    than    calyx    and    mostly    jointed    to    it. 
Mostly   annuals,  weak   or   low   plants,   erect. 
A2BC.     Annuals  or  winter  annuals  with  very  thin  small   racemose 
flowers,  and  low  and  spreading  habit.     Pods  seemingly  sessile 


94  Inflatl. 

A2BC.  Pods  neither  balloon-shaped  nor  stipitate  nor  stipe  even  a 
mere  knob  except  in  A  .Wetheriili  where  it  is  as  long  as  calyx, 
but  on  breaking  away  they  leave  a  minuta  boss  in  the  calyx 
as  long  as  wide  which  sometimes  elongates.  Peduncles  much 
shorter  than  the    leaves.     Triflori. 

Pods  very  oblique,  smooth,  small.  Weak  annuals.        47     insularis. 
Pods  little  oblique,  1-2  cm.  long,  mostly  hairy.  Winter  annuals. 

48     triflorus. 
Pods  2-3  cm.  long,  conically  pointed  at  least  below.  Stems 
zigzag.  Plants  ashy.  49     subcinereus. 

A2B2C.     Perennials,   rarely   biennial. 
A2B2CD.     Pods  only  minutely  stipitate,  but  inclined  to   be  con- 
tracted  at  very   base    in   addition. 
A2B2CDE.     Very  delicate  but  erect  plants  with  slender  stems 
and    filiform    peduncles,    and    flowers    in    long    and    erect 
racemes.     Pods  very  oblique  and   about  8  mm.   long. 
Scalares. 
Pods  racemose,  4-8  mm.  long.  Tall,  erect  plants, 

intricately  branched.  50     scalaris. 

A2B2CD2E.      Slender   spreading    plants   with    short    intsrncdes 
and  many  leaves,  with  filiform  peduncles  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  few  and  racemose  flowers,  and  translucent  mottled 
tissue  like  pods  about  2  cm.  long  and  oval-ovate. 
Pods  over  i  cm.  long,  few.  Low,  weak  and 

ascending  plants.  51     W^ardi. 

A2B2C2D.     Pods  on    a   distinct   filiform    stipe   about   as   long   as 
calyx,   but  not  jointed  to  it.     Picti. 
A2B2C2DE.      Plants   not  from   filiform    roctstocks   and    Isaflets 
not  phyllodia-like  but  broad,  at  least  not  linear.  Pods  little 
if   at   all    oblique. 
Pods  about  7  mm.  long.  Flowers  greenish-purple. 

Plants  prostrate.  52     serpens. 

Pods  I  cm.  long.  Flowers  purple  with  white  claws. 

Plants  eiect  or   nearly  so.  53     nutans. 

A2B2C2D2E,  Plants  with  filiform  rootstc<cks  and  phyllodia- 
like  leaflets.  Well  developed  pods  3  cm.  long,  some  smaller. 
Open  and  airy  plants  with  slender  snd  flexuous  stsms 
hardly  a  foot  long,  ascending.  Peduncles  much  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Stipules  very  broad  and  small,  not  con- 
nate or  only  a  trifle  near  the  root.  Flowers  few,  race- 
mose, about  7-8  mm.  long,  rather  light-colored-  Bracts 
minute. 
Plants  with  phyllodia-like  leaflets  and  wiry 

underground  stems.  54     pictus. 

A3B.      Pods   large  or   long,   3  or  more   cm.   long    (2  cm.   long   in   A. 
oocarpus,   balloon-shaped   and   small   in   A.  jejunus.) 
A3BCD.     Pods  strictly  sessile,  and  the  calyx  falling  with  it.     Tro- 
pical plants.     Crotalariae. 
A3BCDE.      Flowers  white   or  cream-colored,  thick   and   stubby, 
the  erect  part  of  banner  very  short  and  with  sides  reflexed 
but  little.     Petals  nearly  equ: 
Whole  })lant  hoary  or  woolly.  55     vestitus. 

Whole  plant  nearly  smooth.  56     Pomonensis. 

A3BCD2E.  Flowers  purple  or  white,  not  stubby,  the  erect 
part  of  banner  long  and  elliptical  to  oval,  sides  much  re- 
flexed,  much  longer  than  wings,  and  wings  longer  than 
keel.  Flowers  in  oblong  heads,  ascending  as  are  the  pods, 
which    are    but    little    oblique.       Pubescent    plants.      This 


95  Inflati. 

group  is  probably  nearest  related  to  the  lentlginosus  group 
Flowers  purple.  Calyx  teeth  half  as  long  as  tube.  Leaves 

and  poiis  nearly  smooth.  57     Crotalarioe. 

Flowers  light-colored.  Calyx  teeth  as  long  as  tube. 

Leaves  densely  white-woolly.  Pods  about  smooth.  58     Miguelensis. 
Flowers  purple-tipped.  Whole  plant  silvery-silky.  59     Magdalense. 

A3BCD3E.      Pods  ovate,    narrowed   at   base    into   a   very  thick 
pseudostipe,  cartilaginous.      Flowers  white    (cream-colored 
dry),  about  1  cm.  long,  stubby  and  much  arched,  in   loose 
racemes.      Leaflets  several    pairs. 
P(5ds  rigid,  ascending  2  cm  long.  60     oocarpus, 

A3BC2D.      Pods  jointed   to  a   minute   boss  within  the   calyx   and 
so    minutely    stipitate    (stipe    is    about   2    mm.    long    in    We- 
therilli),    falling    away    from    it    readily,    conspicuously    ob- 
licji.'e,    thp    ventral    suture    mostly    straight.      Flowers    short, 
arched   and    rather   stubby,    narrow    in    A.   Wetherilli    hardly 
1    cm.    long,    few    and    racemose.      Stems    decumbent,    opert, 
airy   and   branched   below.      Leaflets   rather   many,   linear  to 
narrowly   elliptical    (oval   only   in   Wetherilli), 
A3BC2DE.  Pods  a  trifle  obcompressed  if  at  all  flattened.  Flow- 
ers   white,     (rarely    purplish)     Californian    species.      Tro- 
pical mostly.     Macrcdontes. 
Whole  jilant  softly-shaggy.  61     macrodon. 

Plants  smooth  or  only  ashy.  62     Douglasii. 

A3BC2D2E.  Pods  a  little  laterally  flattened,  about  half-ovate. 
r'ovvers  f-^'A  lacer^ose,  ahct  7  mm.  long,  ascending  in 
bloom,  purplish,  rarely  whitish.  Peduncles  with  rachis 
rarely  longer  than  leaves, 1-2  dm.  long.  Upper  leaf  peti- 
oles short  or  almost  none.  Leaflets  long-petiolulate,  2-4 
cm.  lonq.  Stems  flexucus,  from  a  thick  or  woody  root 
about  2  ft.  long,  spreading  in  tufts.  Plants  of  the  Navajo 
Bafin  and  adjacent  Colorado  river  drainage.  Allochroi. 
Stipe  minute.  63     allochrous. 

Sitpe  about  as  long  as  calyx.  64     Wetherilli. 

A3E2C.     Pods  balloon-shaped,  larger  above  (sometimes  obscurely 
so),  the  cross  section  about  round,  little  or  somewhat  oblique, 
mostly  only  apiculate  at  tip,  conspicuously  inflated  and  papery, 
tapering  or  contracted   into  a  stipe  at  base   (not  tapering  and 
sessile  in  jejunus)  about  as  long  as  calyx.    Stipules  connate  at 
least   below.      Leaflets    linear    (elliptical    in    Hookerianus)    and 
mostly  acute.     Pubescent  plants  but  never  woolly.     Perennials 
of  the   Lower  and   Middle,  rarely  Upper  Temperate  life  zones. 
A3B2CD.     Pods  nearly  globose,  sessile,  about  1  cm.  long.     Stems 
caespitose   and    very   short.      Flowers    not   over  7  mm.    long 
Leaflets  revolute,  sharp.     Jejuni. 
Plants  densely  matted  and  nearly  acaulescent,  smooth.  65     jejunus. 
A3B2C2D.      Pods  2-5  cm.    long,  tapering   at   base   into   a   distinct 
stipe  as  long  as  calyx  but  not  jointed  to  it,  sulcate  ventrally 
Flowers  a  little  over  1  cm.  long,  mostly  rather  capitate,  6-10, 
ascending.      Banner   large.      Keel    large,   the   base   somewhat 
arched,  tip  acute       Fruiting  calyx  mostly  reflexed,  the  tube 
about  3   mm.  long  and  teeth   never  over  half  the  tube.     Up- 
per petioles  short  and   leaf  rachis   long.      Leaves   rather  ap- 
pressed,   the    middle   ones   the    largest.      Internodes   2-7    cm. 
long.     Stems  a  half  to  2  ft.   long,  tufted  from   rather  woody 
root.      Hookeriani. 

Tall,  erect,  smooth,  plants  with  phyllodia-like  leaflets.     66     Cusickii. 
Plants  nearly  prostrate,  with  silvery  and  rather 

broad  leaflets.  67     Hookerianus- 


jv  inflatl. 

A4B.     Pods  conspicuously  stipitate. 

A4BC.     Pods  not  jointed  to  the  stipe  nor  stipe  jointed  at  the  ends 
or    in       the    middle,    falling    away    with    the    stipe    and    cslyx. 
Plants   never  smooth    nor   with    leathery    leaflets. 
A43CD.     Pods  completely   laterally  flattened   except   in  the   mid- 
dle,   acuminate    at    both    ends,    deltoid    to    triangular   at    tip, 
clavate,  about  3-4  cm.  long  and  fully  1   cm.  wide,  stips  about 
twice  the  calyx.     Flowers  many,  racemose,  ascending.  Calyx 
tube    cylindric,    7    mm.    long.      Pedicels    stout,    about    2    mm. 
long.     Peduncles  1-2  dm.   long,  stout,  floral   rachis  about  as 
long.     Oxyphysi. 
Pods  very  flat,  long-halberd-shaped.  68     oxyphysiis. 

A4BC2D.  Pods  half-elliptical  to  half-oval,  about  one  third  -'s 
wide  as  long,  tapering  into  a  filiform  stipe  about  half  as 
long  as  pod,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  ascending,  not  greitly  inflated, 
smooth.  This  section  is  allied  to  the  A-  stenophyllus  group. 
Tropical  plants.  Trichopodes. 
Pods  1.5  cm.  long,  very  slightly  flattened  in  the  middle.  6g  trichopodus 
Pods    2.5  cm.  long,  much  flattened.  70     capilli]ies. 

A4BC3D.       Pods    papery,    abruptly    contracted     into    a    variable 
stipe,   the    body   3-4  cm.    long    (rarely   2   cm.    long    in    forms 
of    leucopsis)    and   at    least    half   as   wide   as    long    (not   over 
one   third    as    long    in    fastidius    but    pod    then    abruptly   con- 
tracted   into   a   short   stipe   and    3-3.5   cm.    long),   not    lateral- 
ly   flattened.       Flowers    while,    rarely    tinged    with     purple, 
in    spikes.      Tropical    plants.      Leucophylli. 
\4BC3DE.      Pubescence    silky,    of   straight    O'-   only   wavy    and 
fine   hairs,   not  woolly.      Flowers   rather  thick   and   stubby. 
Calyx  hyaline,  cleft  deeper  above.     Pedunclas  subterminal 
and    stout. 
Stipules  not  connate.  71      leucophyllus. 

Stipules  connate.  72     curtipes. 

A4BC3D2E.     Pubescence  woolly,  of  kinked  and  tangled   hairs, 
or   when    minute    the    hairs    are    spreading    and    leaf    sur- 
face   appears    uneven. 
Pods  very  obtuse  at  both  ends,  half-oval,  with  stipe 

I  cm.  long.  73     leucopsis. 

A4B2C.      Pods   jointed    to   the   stire   and    mos*:lv   --'isarticulating    at 
the  joint.      Leaflets  thick   and    leathery,   broad. 
A4B2CD.     Pubescence  dense  and  ho^rv  with  stiff,  closely  aopres- 
sed.  straight  hairs-     Leaflets  imbricated.     Stems  very  short. 
Lutosi. 

Flowers  white,  in  axillary  heads.  74     lutosus. 

A4B2C2D.     Pods  mottled.     Pubescence  none  except  in  forms  of 
A.    megacarpus   on   the   calyx   and    young    parts.      Leaves    in- 
clined to  be  glaucous.     Leaflets  not  imbricated,  often  round, 
small.      Stipules    not    connate.      Calyx    white    and     hyaline. 
Wings  elongated.      Keel   short,  about  as  high  as  long.     Pods 
with    ventral    suture    raised    externally.      Plants   very    closely 
allied.      Oophori. 
A4B2C2DE.      Pods   papery,    greatly    inflated,  ^-6   cm.    long,   2-3 
cm.  wide,  abruptly  rounded  at  base  and  on  a  Stipe  hardly 
as  long  as  calyx.     Stems  caespitose  and  almost  none  except 
in  oophorus. 
Stems  very  short  and  prostrate.  Pods  4-6  cm.  long.     75     megacarpus. 
Stems  1-2  feet  loug,  erect.  Pods  about  3  cm,  long.         76     oophorus. 
A4B2C2D2E.      Pods   coriaceous   and    rigid,    somewhat    inflated, 


inriati.  97 

greatly    obcompressed    and    arched,    bisulcate    ventrally. 
acuminate   at   both    ends,   dorsal    suture   a    little    intruded, 
Pods  arched,  with  sharp,  raised  ventral  snture, 

acute  at  both  ends.  77     Ikckwithii. 

2A.  Pods  triquetrous,  partly  2-celled  by  the  intrusion  of  the  dorsal 
suture  very  thin  and  papery  and  almost  translucent,  half-elliptical, 
about  1.5  cm.  long,  sessile,  reflexed  in  short  racemes  as  are  the 
flowers.  Flowers  about  5  mm.  long,  short  and  broad.  Slender 
and    low   plants   related    to    A.    Geyeri.      Triquetri. 

Annuals.  78     triquetrus. 

Perennials.  79     C'raigi. 

3A.  Pods  2-celled  or  nearly  so,  by  the  intrusion  of  both  sutures,  in- 
flated, not  over  4  cm.  long,  normally  papery,  rarely  coriaceous, 
normally  ovate,  rarely  globse  or  linear,  always  arcuate  or  very 
oblique,  not  noticeably  stipitate,  jointed  to  calyx,  mostly  mottled, 
apiculate  to  acuminate,  ovate  to  oblate  in  cross  section,  broadest 
and  truncate  at  base  or  cordate  there.  Stipules  small,  not  con- 
nate. Flowers  never  cream-colored,  very  variable  in  size  but 
normally  rather  small,  narrow  and  straight,  not  ovet  1-5  cm.  long. 
Calyx  short-cylindric,  with  triangular  teeth.  Plants  blooming  in 
early  summer. 

Pods  2-celled.  80     lentiginosus. 

31.  Astragalus  pauclflorus.  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  149  (1814).  A. 
vexilliflexus  Sheklrn.  Trrgacantha  Kimtze.  Pods  .5-10  mm.  long,  about 
3  mm.  high,  conspicuously  laterally  flattened  except  in  the  middle, 
(the  cross  section  elliptical),  oblong  to  elliptical-oblong  very  shortly  api- 
culate at  both  ends,  puherulent,  reflexed,  with  both  sutures  prominent 
and  the  ventral  thick,  not  sulcate,  convex  on  both  sutures,  or  the  ven- 
tral suture  rarely  straight,  puber.ilent  and  ashy,  splitting  from  the  base 
through  both  sutures  and  valves  falling  apart,  ventral  suture  only 
thickened  within,  walls  rather  stiff.  Flowers  like  those  of  A.  montanus 
but  larger,  5-10  mm.  long,  .5-12,  closely  racemose,  spreading  to  reflexed, 
purple  or  white.  Banner  oval  to  rou"d,  4-S  mm.  long,  abruptly  bent 
to  erect  at  end  of  calyx,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide.  Wings 
mostly  white,  lanceolate,  1-2  mm.  shorter  than  b-niier,  much  arched, 
about  as  much  longer  than  keel,  purple-veined.  Keel  about  2  mm.  long 
and  high,  abruptly  erect,  the  obliquely  truncate,  tip  triangular,  in- 
curved more  than  90  degrees.  Calyx  tube  Hedeoma-like,  nearly  tur- 
binate, about  2  mm.  long,  acute  rnd  oblioue  at  b^se,  the  subulate  and 
curved  teeth  fully  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  filiform,  often  twisted, 
about  2-3  mm.  long,  as  long  as  the  delicate  and  subulate  bracts.  Leaves 
with  petiole  about  half  the  rachis.  Leaflets  oblong  to  lanceolate 
or  elliptical,  acute,  3-4  mm.  wide.  3-6  pairs.  Stipules  hyaline  or  black 
below,  3-5  mm.  long.  Plants  ashy  with  rough  and  flatfish  hairs  ab- 
ruptly appressed.  This  grows  with  or  near  A.  tenellus  and  can  be  sepa- 
rated by  the  sessile  pods,  with  ventral  suture  less  arched,  mostly  pur- 
ple flowers,  long  bracts,  petioled  leaves  and  relatively  few  leaflets. 
From  A.  Wingatensis  it  is  separable  by  its  habitat,  not  spotted  pods 
and  leaflets  not  linear,  and  congested  habit.  Rather  common  in  moist 
valleys  along  creeks  from  the  bad  lands  of  Nebraska  and  Dakotah 
through  Wyoming  and  northward  and  northwestward  to  the  u]iper 
Waters  of  the  Missoula  and  British  America,  at  least  as  far  north  as 
the  Cypress  Hills.  The  flowers  are  often  rather  cleistogamous,  and 
then  minute  and  white.  This  has  the  habit  of  the  Debiles  and  connects 
the  two  groups. 


98  Inflati 

32.  Astragalus  miser  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Bor.  Am.  1  153  (1834).  A 
microcystis  Gray,  A.  debilis  Walp.,  A.  amphidoxus  Blankenship.  Tra- 
gacantha  Kuntze.  Pods  about  6-8  mm.  long,  nearly  globose  rarely 
oval,  mostly  very  obtuse  but  apiculate,  a  little  oblique  and  with  ven- 
tral suture  about  straight,  conspicuously  inflated,  ashy  with  soft 
spreading  hairs,  apparently  minutely  stipitate  but  the  stipe  not  longer 
than  thick,  with  very  thin  and  wrinkling  walls.  Flowers  about  5  mm. 
long,  pinkish  or  white,  6-10.  Banner  oval,  about  4  mm.  long,  abruptly 
erect  at  end  of  calyx,  rather  hooded,  and  deeply  notched,  with  many 
twin  veins  of  purple  coming  from  near  the  base,  the  sides  only  slightly 
reflexed,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  half-oval,  rounded  at 
tip  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel,  white,  appearing  very  oblique.  Keel 
blade  deltoid  wholly,  except  for  a  short  and  narrow  base,  about 
2  mm.  high,  very  obtuse.  Calyx  tube  almost  hemispherical,  acutish  at 
base,  about  1  mm.  long,  the  subulate  teeth  as  long.  Pedicels  about  1 
mm.  long,  half  as  long  as  the  lanceolate  and  ciliate  hyaliine  bracts. 
Peduncles  1-3  cm.  long,  and  the  rachis  nearly  as  long.  Racemes  loose 
5-12  flowered.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  long,  with  petiole  rarely  as  long  as 
lowest  leaflets.  Leaflets  mostly  obtuse,  4-6  pairs  elliptical,  rarely 
some  are  oval.  Stipules  narrowly  triangular,  about  5  mm.  long.  Inter- 
nodes  1-2  cm.  long.  Whole  plant  even  to  pods  and  calyx  softly  ashy 
with  rather  short  and  wavy  white  hairs  partly  appressed.  Base  of 
stems  decidedly  woody.  Along  sandy  bottoms  from  the  eastern  base 
of  the  Rockies  to  central  W^yoming  and  northwestward  through  Mon- 
tana to  the  eastern  part  of  the  Columbia  Basin  proper  as  far  as  Ft. 
Colville  and  northward  into  British  America.  Middle  Temperate  life 
zone.  A.  miser  x  pauciflorus  is  a  hybrid  form  and  about  intermediate 
between  the  two  species. 

33.  Astragalus  Pulsiferae  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10  69  (1874).  A. 
Suksdorfii  Howell.  Pods  oblately  half-round,  about  1  cm.  long  and 
nearly  as  wide  and  high,  with  ventral  suture  about  straight  in  the  mid- 
dle and  then  abruptly  arched  up  at  both  ends,  at  base  into  a  corner 
where  it  is  sessile  at  right  angles  to  the  suture,  and  at  tip  into  a 
flat  and  sharp  upcurved  deltoid  beak  1-2  mm.  long,  translucent  and  tis- 
sue-like and  wrinkled,  greatly  inflated,  ioiclined  to  be  a  little  s  ilcate 
ventrally  ?long  the  middle,  red  stijipled  all  over  or  green;  cross  section 
a  little  obcompressed,  oval  to  oblate-oval,  seed-bearing  only  in  the 
middle.  Flowers  white,  with  waterlined  banner  a  little  shaded  with 
purple,  the  banner  about  3  mm.  long,  round,  bent  abruptly  to  about 
110  degrees  just  beyond  tube,  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide  at  base 
only  and  blade  becoming  rather  fiddle-shaped;  groove  almost  a  half 
circle  and  filling  the  whole  banner  above;  blrde  about  2  mm.  longer 
than  wings.  Wings  oblong,  arched  30  degrees,  2  mm.  wide,  obtuse 
and  with  oblique  tip,  the  right  hand  one  incurved  over  keel  and  the 
other  flaring,  but  the  tips  of  both  connivent  over  keel  tip,  fully  2  mm. 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  as  in  A.  miser.  Calyx  about  hemispherical,  the 
tube  hardly  2  mm.  long,  cleft  deeper  above,  a  little  oblique  at  base,  the 
subulate  teeth  lax,  curved  and  as  long  to  twice  as  long  as  tube.  Ped- 
icels filiform,  1-2  mm.  long,  about  as  long  as  the  subulate  bracts.  Ped- 
uncles and  leaf  rachis  filiform  and  very  short.  Stems  stout  for  the 
plant,  about  2  mm.  thick.  Root  woody  and  thick  at  crown.  Pubescence 
of  whole  plant  white-shaggy  with  long  and  spreading  rather  kinked,  soft 
hairs.  Growing  in  poor  gravelly  soil  from  Chat  and  Plumas  Co.  Cali- 
fornia nearly  to  the  British  line.     Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

34.  Astragalus  diurnus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  21  450  (1886). 
Pods  obliquely  ovate,  or  oblately  half-ovate,  about  2  cm.  long  and  1 
cm.  high,  somewhat  laterally  flattened,  with  the  ventral  suture  con- 
vex a  little  at  tip  and  base  and  concave  in  the  middle  or  straight, 
nearly  square  at  the  bnse  and  scarcely  at  all  flattened,  at  tip  very  flat 
and  with  the  deltoid  beak   about  3   mm.  long  and   with  declined   tip, 


Inflati  99 

ashy  when  young,  nearly  smooth  when  ripe,  stiff-papery,  flatfish,  or 
broadly  sulcate  along  the  ventral  suture,  the  cross  section  nearly  half- 
oval.  Flowers  7-8  mm.  long,  few,  white  or  tinged  with  purple  above; 
the  banner  waterlined  or  purple-veined,  4-5  mm.  long,  variously  arched 
beyond  the  calyx  tips,  about  as  long  as  wings.  Wings  half-obovate, 
acutish,  quite  oblique,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  keel,  white.  Keel 
half-cuneate  with  nearly  square  end  and  erect  tip  about  2-3  mm.  high, 
a  little  colored  at  the  end.  Calyx  turbinate-campanulate,  ;ibout  2  mm. 
long,  the  teeth  narrowly  triangular  and  about  as  long  as  tube.  Leaves 
rarely  5  cm.  long.  Leaflets  oval  to  obovate,  notched  or  very 
obtuse,  2-8  mm.  long,  smooth  above,  ashy  below  with  short  and 
closely  appressed  hairs,  the  calyx  similar  but  with  some  black  hairs 
intermixed.  Stems  quite  slender,  branching  throughout,  less  than 
a  foot  long,  apparently  from  underground  stems.  It  has  the  h^^bit  of 
A.  Geyeri  and  appears  to  be  short-lived.  John  Day  valley  Oregon. 
Middle   Temperate   life   zone. 

35.  Astragalus  pubentissimus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  fi93  (1840).  A.  multi 
caulis  Nutt.,  A.  Peabodianus  Jones,  Phaca  Rydberg.  Pods  ovate  to 
lanceolate,  1-2  cm.  long,  about  7-10  mm.  wide  and  5  mm.  high,  decidedly 
obcompressed  at  base,  much  laterally  flattened  toward  the  deltoid  to 
triangular,  sharp,  apiculnte  and  uiitnrned  tip  which  is  1-5  m-'-'.  ''"^\g. 
little  if  at  all  mottled,  the  cross  section  from  trinnetrous-rrTiif-^rm  o 
transversely  elliptical;  jointed  to  a  short  stipe,  walls  very  thin  and 
wrinkled,  hairy  within.  Flowers  either  dull  purple  or  tinged  with 
purple,  ascending  when  fresh  and  gradually  drooping  with  age,  almost 
capitate  or  very  shortly-racemose,  several.  Banner  oval,  abruptly 
arched  to  erect  at  calyx  tips,  the  erect  part  about  4  mm.  long,  the  sides 
much  reflexed  below,  the  central  part  white  and  purple  veined. 
Wings  obovate  to  lanceolate,  notched,  arched  30-45  degrees,  fully  2 
mm.  wide,  1-2  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  2-4  mm.  shorter  than  banner. 
Keel  3-4  mm.  long,  the  base  nearly  straight,  and  the  tip  abruptly 
rounded  to  110  degrees  and  deltoid  and  erect  and  rather  acute,  fully 
3  mm.  high,  deep  purple.  Calyx  tube  about  3  mm.  long,  rather  trun- 
cate at  base  and  attached  a  little  below  the  middle,  cleft  deeper  above 
with  broad  sinus  and  teeth  a  little  unequal,  nearly  subulate,  arched  nnd 
about  as  long  as  tube  to  twice  as  long.  Pedicels  about  1  mm.  long 
and  about  as  long  as  the  minute  triangular  bracts.  Peduncles 
hardly  half  as  long  as  the  leaves,  1-3  cm.  long,  the  rachis  a  little 
shorter.  Leaves  innumerable  (because  of  the  many  internodes  which 
are  rarely  1  cm.  long),  2-6  cm.  long,  broad,  the  petioles  about  half  the 
whole.  Leaflets  3-8  pairs,  mostly  5,  broadly  to  narrowly  elliptical,  thick, 
contiguous,  ashy  (api)earing  as  if  minutely  woolly)  with  partly  spre-'d- 
ing  kinked  rather  appressed  hairs,  as  is  the  whole  plant  except  the 
shaggy  pods.  Stipules  rather  deltoid,  rarely  3  mm.  long.  Stems  rather 
coarse  for  the  plant,  round,  a  few  inches  to  a  foot  or  two  long,  forming 
mats  on  the  ground,  very  many  and  much  branched  from  a  slender 
tap  root.  A  short-lived  perennial,  but  blooming  the  first  year,  growing 
in  clayey  or  slightly  sandy  soil  on  flats  from  the  unner  Green  river 
Hnsin  Wyoming  throughout  the  Navajo  Basin  to  Farmington  New 
M^^xico  and  the  San  Juan  and  Henry  Mts.  Blooming  in  May  and 
June.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

36.  Astraoalus  sabulonum  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  368  (1878), 
A.  Virgineus  Sheldon.  Phaca  Rydberg.  Pods  e' l^^ng-ovate  to  h^lf- 
oval.  rounded  pt  base,  ''uiculate  to  shortlv  nemninate,  arcuate  to 
nearly  straight,  brogdly  sulcate  dorsnlly.  and  s^-^ietinins  so  ventrnlly. 
little  laterally  flnttened  to  slightly  obcompressed,  with  cross  section 
triquetrous-ova''  to  nearly  round;  ventral  sutnre  raised  and  rather 
thick  externally.  Flowers  (almost  those  of  A.  Vaseyi)  3-6.  loose,  about 
7  mm.  leng.  w'th  petals  2  mm.  longer  tham  the  calyx  lobes.  Banner 
arched  abruptly  to  erect  or  100  degrees  at  end  of  tube,  with  white  tip  or 


100  Inflati 

all  white  and  base  purple,  with  purple  midrib,  purple-veined,  notched, 
oval,  about  5  mm.  longr.  broadly  and  deeply  grooved,  with  sides  re- 
flexed,  one  half  mm.  wide  below.  Wings  white  at  tip  and  p  irple  below 
or  all  white,  obovate,  arched  to  nearly  erect,  obtuse,  concave  to  keel 
and  connivent  over  the  end,  spreading  on  th  lower  side,  narrowed  and 
a  trifle  longer  th.'in  The  keel,  and  2  mm.  shorter  than  the  banner. 
Keel  dark-purple  or  brown,  the  base  a  little  arched,  the  tip  abruptly 
arched  to  100  degrees  and  acutish,  higher  than  long.  Calyx  tube  cam- 
panulate,  truncate  at  base,  obcompressed  at  tip,  not  gibbons,  nearly 
as  long  as  the  subulate  lobes.  Bracts  subulate,  green,  hairy.  Pedicels 
1  mm.  long,  as  long  as  or  a  little  shorter  than  the  bracts.  Peduncles  and 
rachis  about  ns  long  as  the  leaves,  the  young  ones  as  long  as  the  young 
leaves.  Leaves  5  cm.  long,  with  petiole  about  one  third  the  whole.  Leaf- 
lets 4-12  mm.  long,  obovate  to  elliptical,  about  4-G  i)airs,  green  b'lt  de- 
cidedly pubescent  with  fine  appressed  hairs,  hoary  when  young,  hairs  of 
the  pods  longer.  Stipules  slender,  triangular,  2-3  mm.  long.  Rtems  1-2  dm. 
long,  the  central  one  erect,  the  others  variously  spreading,  flexiious, 
stout  for  the  plant,  annual  or  rarely  blooming  as  a  winter  annual, 
with  the  aspect  of  A.  Geyeri  but  more  condensed.  Internodes  usually 
1.5  cm.  rarely  2.5  cm.  long.  Whole  plant  even  to  the  pods  short- 
shaggy  with  half  appressed  hairs,  the  leaves  a  little  greener  but  all 
hoary,  the  hairs  spreading  on  the  pods.  From  the  Moencoppa  north- 
ern Arizona  (Navajo  Basin)  and  Lee's  Ferry  to  Hawthorne  and 
Rhodes  Nevada  and  Imperial  Valley  and  Indio  California,  growing  :'i 
sandy  deserts.  Tropical  and  on  the  lower  edge  of  the  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone.  Blooming  in  April.  It  is  not  easy  to  separate  this 
from  A.  pubentisimus  except  by  the  habitat  and  life  zone.  The 
latter  species  has  conspicuously  arcuate  pods  and  the  p  ibescence 
finer  and  more  wavy  and  much  longer  on  the  pods.  Flowers  also 
larger.  The  inteniodes  shorter,  and  stems  decidedly  flexuous  and 
flat    on    the    ground. 

37.  Astragalus  aridus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  223  (1864).  A. 
albatus  Sheldon.  Pods  half  elliptical,  or  obliquely  ovate,  shortly 
acute  at  both  ends  or  at  least  narrowed  below  and  acute  at  tip,  'iT^stly 
laterally  flattened  at  both  ends,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  5-8  mm.  high,  ascending, 
with  neither  suture  prominent  externally,  with  cross  section  about 
round  in  the  middle,  the  ventral  suture  straight  or  concave,  the  dor- 
sal arched  to  a  third  circle,  tip  deltoid  and  flat,  from  scarcely  evi- 
dent to  3  mm.  long.  Flowers  racemose,  inclined  to  be  cleistogamous, 
about  5  mm.  long,  few,  rarely  10,  at  first  dull-purple-tipped  afterwards 
white  or  all  white.  Banner  arched  abruptly  to  erect  at  calyx  tips, 
?bout  3  mm.  long,  with  sides  reflexed  a  little  above,  about  1  mm.  longer 
than  wings,  white  spot  large  and  purple  veined.  Wings  oblanceolate, 
about  as  long  as  keel,  a  little  arched,  one  half  mm.  wide.  Keel  2  mm. 
long,  the  base  nearly  straight  and  tip  nearly  erect  and  blunt,  about 
1  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  turbinate,  the  longitudinal  section  deltoid, 
about  1  mm.  long,  not  oblique  nor  apparently  deeper  cleft  above,  the 
teeth  oblong  to  broadly  triangular,  barely  acute,  green,  fully  as  long 
as  tube  or  more.  Pedicels  almost  none,  shorter  than  the  minute  tri- 
angular bracts.  Peduncles  2-4  cm.  long,  much  shorter  than  the  fruit- 
ing rachis  which  is  sometimes  1  dm.  long,  but  floral  rachis  short. 
Stipules  inconspicuous,  triangular,  about  3  mm.  long.  Stems  very 
many,  rather  slender,  branching  freely  above,  the  outer  ones  pros- 
trate the  inner  erect,  flexuous,  forming  a  dense  mass  1-3  ft.  wide  and  a 
foot  high.  Leaves  3-7  cm.  long,  the  lower  petioles  rather  long,  the 
upper  short,  very  many  (the  internodes  rarely  half  as  long  as  leaves). 
Leaflets  5-6  pairs,  oblong-elliptical,  rather  distant.  Whole  plant  even 
to  calyx  and  bracts  hoary  with  closely  appressed  very  fine,  tapering, 
silky,  flat  and  twisted  hairs,  which  are  a  little  tangled  on  the  young 
pods  and  resemblo  wool,  but  mature  pods  often  with  scattered  pubes- 


Inflati  101 

cence.  This  plant  seems  to  hybridize  with  A.  lentiginosus  with  which 
if  often  grows  forming  the  lentiginosus  var.  Coulteri.  Blooming  in 
late  spring,  probably  a  winter  annual  at  times.  Tropical  in  sandy 
deserts.  Common  on  the  Calfornia  deserts  west  of  Yuma  to  Mexico 
and  as  far  west  as  Indio. 

38.  Astragalus  Geyeri  Cxray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  214  (1864).  Phaca 
annua  Geyer.  Pods  half-oval,  half-ovate,  or  very  broadly  lunate,  very 
oblique  or  arcuate  and  with  tip  often  erect,  from  smooth  to  puberulent, 
sharply  acute  with  a  broad  triangular  to  deltoid,  incurved  and  flat 
rather  oblique  tip,  decidedly  laterally  flattened,  except  in  the  middle, 
finely  reticulated,  rarely  sulcate  dorsally  and  then  not  deeply  so,  nar- 
rowed at  both  ends  and  abruptly  so  at  base,  greatly  bellied  below,  the 
ventral  suture  even  concave  and  the  dorsal  arched  to  about  a  half- 
circle,  cross  section  triangular  to  deltoid  and  with  rounded  base. 
Flowers  3-5,  about  7  mm.  long,  whitish.  Banner  arched  to  nearly  erect 
at  end  of  tube,  about  oval,  1-3  mm.  longer  than  the  wings,  little  notched 
with  the  sides  reflexed  somewhat,  faintly  purple-veined,  white  spot 
scarcely  visible  and  coming  within  1  mm.  of  the  edge  all  around, 
groove  shallow,  scarcely  narrower  below.  Wings  1-2  mm.  longer  than 
keel,  obliquely  ovate,  obtuse,  ascending  about  30  degrees,  1-2  -^iro.  wide. 
Keel  about  2  mm.  longer  than  calyx,  with  tip  incurved  to  100  degrees 
and  deltoid,  about  2  mm.  high.  Calyx  campanulate,  1-2  mm.  long,  teeth 
triangular  to  subulate,  green  and  fully  as  long  as  tube.  Leaves  7-10  cm. 
long,  all  rather  long-petioled,  many.  Peduncles  filiform,  1-2  cm.  long, 
axillary  almost  from  the  cotyledons.  Leaflets  linear  to  elliptical  linear, 
7-11  pairs,  obtuse  to  notched,  1-3  cm.  long,  mostly  folded,  nearly 
smooth  above,  cuneate  at  base,  rather  distant.  Plants  ashy  throughout 
with  fine  appressed  hairs,  but  stems  the  most  pubescent.  Ann.ials 
with  very  slender  erect  roots  and  several  stems  from  the  crown, 
freely  branching,  flexuous,  with  very  many  internodes  rarely  2  cm. 
long,  blooming  almost  from  the  cotyledons  throughout  the  season  n'-'d 
at  length  becoming  small  bushy  tufts  often  a  foot  high  with  horizontal 
side  branches.  Rarely  blooms  as  a  winter  annual.  Common  thro  tg'i- 
out  the  Green  River  and  Navajo  Basins  and  throughout  the  Great  Basin 
to  the  Sierras  and  northward  to  the  southern  side  of  the  Columbia 
Basin,  growing  in  sand  on  plr.ins.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  At  the 
south  it  is  replaced  by  sabulonum  and  aridus. 

39.  Astragalus  Julianus  Jones  Cont.  7.  667  (189.5).  Pods  obliquely 
oval  about  12  mm.  long,  7  mm.  high  from  a  little  inflated  to  circular  in 
cross  section  in  the  middle,  beak  acuminate,  4  mm.  long  and  nearly 
central,  ventral  suture  thick  and  not  sulcate.  Flowers  nearly  white 
but  purnle-tipped,  in  a  close  raceme  which  is  lax  in  fruit,  nearly  ses- 
sile, reflexed,  about  7  mm.  long.  Calyx  campanulate,  tube  2  mm.  long, 
teeth  subulate  and  as  long  as  tube.  Peduncles  stout,  as  long  as  leaves, 
floral  rachis  as  long  as  the  peduncles.  Leaves  1  dm.  long  proper  petiole 
1.2-2  cm.  long.  Leaflets  7-8  pairs,  normally  elliptical,  acutish,  1.2  cm 
long,  2-3  mm.  wide.  Inflorescence  corymbiform  by  the  shortening  of  the 
upper  internodes,  i^lants  mostly  shaggy  with  partly  snreading  silky 
hairs  except  the  shortly  and  sparsely  pubescent  pods.  Stems  erect  or 
decumbent,  about  1-2  ft.  high.  Internodes  13  cm.  long.  San  Julio 
Lower  California  Brandegee. 

40.  Astragalus  proriferus  Jones.  Cont.  .5  275  (1893).  Pods  spi- 
cate,  obliquely  ovate  to  oval,  1-2  cm.  long  7-10  mm.  wide,  chartaceous. 
inflated,  rounded  at  base,  early  splitting  the  calyx,  dorsal  suture  not 
evident,  very  convex,  ventral  little  arched  and  much  thickened  in 
the  middle,  cross  section  broadly  obovate,  tip  very  flat  and  short, 
triangular,  beak  4  mm.  long.  Fl-^w^rs  dark-purple,  with  lighter  keel,  spi- 
cate,  1  cm.  long.  Banner  rath  or  large,  nearly  round,  ascending  80 
degrees  abruptly  beyond  the  cpiyx  t'ps,  2  mm.  longer  than  the  wings 
and  keel,  emarginate.  Wings  lanceolate,  notched;  keel  7  mm.  long, 
tip  abruptly  erect  or  more  incurved,  acute,  base  a  little  arched.     Calyx 


102  Inflati 

broadly  campanulate,  tube  1-2  mm.  lor.g.  oblique,  cleft  deeper  above, 
teeth  nearly  as  long  as  tube,  subiuate  .o  triangalar.  Pedicels  almost 
none  but  shorter  than  the  obscuie  and  ovate  bract.  Peduncles 
stout,  one  half  as  thick  as  stem,  5-7  cm.  long,  floral  rachis.  7-10  cm. 
Ijug,  many  flowered.  Leaves  7-10  cm.  long,  petioles  k!. 5  cm. long  or  less. 
Leaflets  IS-19  pairs,  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse,  7-20  mm.  long,  2-7  mm. 
wide,  acute  at  base;  stipules  triangular,  herbaceo  is,  4-7  mm.  long,  up- 
per little  reduced.  Stems  seemingly  shrubby  at  base,  1  2  ft.  long,  ascend 
ing,  whujc  plant  hor.ry  with  very  short  and  wocHy  pubescence  which  is 
very  dense  above.     San  Pedro  Martir,  Lower  California,   Brandegee. 

41.  Astragalus  metanus  Jones  Cont  7  666,  733  (1895)  .  Pods 
decidedly  laterally  compressed,  lenticular,  much  the  shape  of  the 
montanus  group,  obliquely  ovate-elliptical,  upper  one  third  vetchlike, 
lower  part  swelled  out  by  the  few  seeds,  minutely  piiberulent,  10  mm. 
long,  5  mm.  high,  tip  deltoid  to  triangalar-acate,  ventral  suture  ne:^.rly 
straight,  narrowed  at  very  base,  cress  section  oval  near  the  base. 
Flowers  racemose,  nearly  sessile,  purple  at  tip,  horizontal,  aboat  7  ;nm. 
apart.  Banner  7  mm.  long,  bent  abruptly  2  mm.  beyond  the  calyx 
teeth  to  45  to  90  degrees,  oval,  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide,  most  at 
base.  Wings  arched  30  to  60  degrees  exposing  the  keel,  oblong  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  2  mm.  shorter  than  the  banner,  narrower  than  the 
keel.  Keel  abruptly  bent  at  tip  to  110  degrees,  about  1  mm.  shorter 
than  the  wings,  produced  to  a  point,  3  mm.  high,  light-colored,  with 
base  a  little  arched.  Calyx  broadly  campanulate;  tube  2  mm.  long, 
scarcely  oblique  at  mouth;  teeth  triangular,  about  a  third  to  half  as 
long  as  tube.  Pedicels  not  slender,  1  mm.  long.  Peduncles  including 
rachis  about  a  foot  long,  sulcate,  normally  3-4  times  as  long  as  the 
leaves,  often  5  dm.  long.  Leaves  10-15  cm.  long  with  proper  petiole 
2  3  oai.  long  on  the  lower  leaves  and  absent  on  the  upper  ones. 
Leaflets  linear  lanceolate,  barely  acute,  not  contiguous,  3-4  cm.  long, 
thin.  Internodes  7-10  cm.  long.  Stipules  very  small,  green,  2  mm. 
long,  reflexed,  adnate,  not  connate.  Stems  prostrate  from  perennial 
rocts,  2-3  ft.  long,  rather  stout,  sulcate.  Plants  minutely  pubescent 
throughout  with  fine  and  appressed  hairs  fixed  by  the  base.  Hansen's 
ranch,  Lower  California  near  the  boundary.     Orcutt. 

42.  Astragalus  Vaseyi  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  370  (1882). 
Pods  obliquely  ovate,  often  a  little  obcompressed  below,  flattened 
only  at  very  tip  which  is  short  and  deltoid,  about  1  cm.  wide,  spicate, 
all  on  one  side  of  the  floral  rachis  as  if  pendent  on  ascending  stems, 
2  cm.  long,  usually  with  a  little  boss  at  base,  when  inmature  then 
often  somewhat  laterally  compressed.  Flowers  spicate,  the  same  as 
in  A.  metanus  except  that  the  calyx  is  campanulate  and  teeth  as  long 
as  the  tube.  Peduncles  with  floral  rachis  rarely  over  twice  as  long  as 
the  leaves,  not  over  1.2  dm.  long.  Leaves  rarely  over  1  dm.  long. 
Leaflets  elliptical  to  narrowly  so,  flat,  apiculate,  rarely  over  2  cm.  long. 
Internodes  seldom  over  2-3  cm.  long.  Plants  slender,  flexuous,  (said  to 
be)  shrubby  at  base,  silvery  throughout  with  closely  appressed  hairs 
except  the  minutely  puberulent  pods.  On  the  California  desert  south 
of  the  Mojave  river  and  east  of  the  Sierras.    Tropical. 

43.  Astragalus  Thurberi  Gray  PI.  Thurber  312  (1855).  Pods  only 
minutely  pubescent,  about  6-8  mm.  long,  papery,  faintly  sulcate  dorsally, 
nervose,  rounded  at  base,  widely  spreading,  with  both  sutures  evi- 
dent, jointed  to  a  minute  stipe.  Flowers  4-7  mm.  long,  purplish  to 
och  roleucous,  many.  Calyx  tube  campanulate,  not  gibbous,  about  2 
mm.  long,  teeth  subulate  and  about  as  long  as  the  tube.  Bracts  subu- 
late, 2  mm.  long  longer  than  the  pedicels,  leaves  many,  rather  appres- 
sed. Petioles  one  third  to  one  half  the  whole.  Leaflets  5-7  pairs,  2-10 
mm.  long,  rather  distant  or  Crowded,  narrowly  oblong,  obtuse,  fleshy, 
retuse.  Stipules  triangular,  adnate.  Stems  many  spreading,  rather 
stout,  about  a  foot  long,  with  short  internodes,  wih  many  appressed 
branches  below,  rather  rigid,  leafy,  apparently  winter  annual.     Plants 


Inflati  103 

minutely  pubescent  throughout  with  appressed  hairs,  blooming  in 
March  and  April  on  the  deserts  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  south  of 
the  Mogollons.    Lower  Temperate  life  zone  probably. 

44.  Astragalus  Palmeri  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  7  398  (1868).  Pods 
deltoid-acute,  obtuse  at  base,  smooth.  Flowers  purple,  many  in  ra 
cemes,  about  5  mm.  long,  arched.  Banner  arched  abruptly  at  end  of 
tube  to  erect,  about  3  mm  long,  oval,  1-2  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with 
sides  reflexed  a  little.  Wings  oblanceolate,  rounded,  arched  somewhat, 
about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  tip  abruptly  erect  and  2 
mm.  high,  obtuse.  Calyx  tube  campanulate,  about  2  mm.  long,  with 
teeth  as  long.  Pedicels  very  short  and  as  long  as  the  triangular  bracts. 
Peduncles  erect,  stout,  about  1  dm.  long,  longer  than  the  leaves, 
with  racemes  1-1.5  dm.  long.  Upper  leaves  nearly  sessile.  Leaflets 
8-13  pairs,  oblong,  1.2-2  cm.  long,  obtuse,  long-petioled.  Stipules  very 
small  and  short.  Stems  1-2  ft.  high,  striate  and  rather  stout.  Plants 
ashy  to  nearly  smooth.  Growing  on  gravelly  benches.  Camp  Grant 
southern  Arizona.     Palmer.     Probable,  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

45.  Astragalus  pychnostachyus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  257  (1864). 
Pods  oval  ovate,  chartaceous,  rigid,  and  with  thick  rib-like  sutures, 
about  7-10  mm.  long,  5  mm.  high  and  2-3  mm.  wide  or  wider,  normally 
much  laterally  flattened  and  with  cross  section  diamond-shaped,  but 
sometimes  nearly  round,  swelled  only  in  the  middle,  rather  coarsely 
reticulated,  closely  reflexed  in  a  dense  spike  or  oblong  head,  nearly 
smooth,  pungently  and  stoutly  and  shortly  acuminate-beaked,  the 
beak  upturned  and  with  the  style  nearly  as  long  as  pod,  both  sutures 
very  convex,  with  about  3  ovules.  Petals  about  equal,  much  as  in  A. 
Canadensis.  Flowers  7-10  mm.  long,  cream-colored,  closely  reflexed. 
Banner  arched  a  little  remote  from  calyx,  about  4  mm.  long,  nearly 
"-ound  and  with  fleshy  base,  with  sides  reflexed  in  a  narrow  line.  Wings 
oblanceolate,  a  trifle  arched.  Keel  rather  exserted,  the  lower  side  curved 
into  a  half  circle  or  a  little  more,  find  the  very  broadly  deltoid  tip 
rather  sharp,  about  2-3  mm.  high,  dark.  Calyx  tube  about  4  mm.  long, 
cylindric-campanulate.  truncate  below,  a  little  oblique  at  tip,  abTit 
equally  inserted,  the  deltoid  teeth  minute,  felted  white-woolly.  Pedicels 
bnrely  1  mm.  long,  stout,  much  shorter  than  the  hyaline  and  elongated 
subulate  bracts.  Flowering  ped  mcles  shorter  thn  the  leaves,  in  fruit 
often  1  dm.  long,  stout  and  strict,  axillary.  Leaves  rarely  1  dm.  long, 
arcuate.  Leaflets  thick,  mucronate  10-20  pairs,  oblong  to  narrowly  el- 
liptical, obtuse  to  notched,  shortly-petiolulate,  1.5-2  cm.  long.  Stipules  del 
fold  with  a  very  broad  base,  adnate  about  5  mm.  long,  scarious.  Stems 
perennial,  stout,  strict,  little  branched,  coarse,  often  woody,  4  ft  high. 
Pubescence  white-silky-woolly  throughout  except  the  pods.  Blooming 
in  the  fall,  growing  in  salt  marshes  near  the  coast  from  near  San 
Francisco  California  southward. 

46.  Astragalus  Hornii.  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  7  398  (1868).  Pods 
ovate-acuminate  from  an  abruptly  rounded  base,  a  little  oblique,  gra- 
dually acuminate  to  the  tip  from  base,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  fully  1  cm.  wide, 
the  cross  section  about  round,  conspicuously  inflated,  iiapery  and  very 
thin,  villous-pubescent  when  young,  several  seeded,  densely  set  in  an 
oblong  head.  Flowers  5-10  mm.  long,  about  straight,  narrow,  nearly 
white,  capitate,  ascending  as  are  the  pods.  Banner  when  fully  developed 
narrowly  elliptical,  fully  4-8  mm.  long,  usually  gently  arched  to 
30  degrees  beyond  cnlyx,  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide  around  the 
margin  and  most  below.  Wings  nearly  linear,  gently  arched,  about 
I  mm.  wide,  acute  or  acutish,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel  (or  less), 
from  fully  3  mm.  shorter  thnn  banner  to  nearly  as  long.  Keel  with 
long  claw  abruptly  rounded  an'i  t'p  a  little  incurved  beyond,  erect  and 
about  3  mm.  high,  deltoid.  Cnl-\  t  ibe  campanulate,  about  ?>  mm.  long 
villous,  neither  oblique  nor  gibbous  nor  truncate.  Teeth  triangular, 
about  2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  stout.  Bracts  lanceolate  and  hyaline, 
about  2-3  ram.  long.     Peduncles  in  flower  shorter  than  the  leaves,  in 


1U4  Inflati 

fruit  often  2  dm.  long,  spreading  at  about  30  degrees.  Leaves  7-12  cm. 
long,  widely  spreading.  Leaflets  nearly  contiguous,  elliptical-linear  to 
oblong-ovate,  long  petiolulate,  not  nuicronate,  nearly  smooth,  not  over 
2  cm.  long,  obtuse,  10-15  pairs.  Pubescence  scanty.  Stipules  very 
small,  subulate,  soon  reflexed.  All  but  the  lowest  internodes  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Much  branched  slender  annuals  growing  decumbent 
on  alkaline  flats  in  the  San  Joaquin  valley  and  southward,  common. 

Astragalus  Hornlj  var.  Bajaensis  (Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  169 
(1894)  as  species)  var.  minutiflorus  Jones.  A.  miserandnis  Greene. 
Pods  1  cm.  wide,  somewhat  obcompressed  so  that  in  drying  and  press- 
ing in  herbarium  material  they  are  flat  with  the  sutures  in  the  middle, 
nearly  oval,  with  a  short  and  conical  beak,  a  trifle  sulcate  ventrally, 
nearly  smooth,  veined.  Flowers  about  5  mm.  long,  stubby  and  petals 
all  about  equal.  Calyx  tube  2  mm.  long,  with  blunt  teeth  much  shorter 
than  the  tube.  Peduncles  slender,  3-5  cm.  long,  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Most  of  the  leaves  petioled,  1  dm.  or  less  long.  Leaflets  thin,  6-11  pairs, 
oblong-obovate,  not  over  1  cm.  long.  Stems  low  and  slender.  This  is 
a  much  reduced  and  delicate  form  from  the  borders  of  southern  Califor- 
nia and  southward  in  Lower  California.  Sheldon's  description  would 
lead  one  to  think  that  the  pods  were  2-celled  and  closely  allied  to  A. 
lentiginosus,  but  the  specimens  on  which  his  species  is  founded  are 
wholly  1-celled  and  sutures  approach  each  other  only  in  the  crushing  of 
the  normal  shai)e  by  pressing. 

47.  Astragalus  insularis  Kell.  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  1  6  (1884).  A  tri- 
tlorus  var.  insularis  (Kell.)  Jones.  Pods  decidedly  obliq  le,  not  s.ilcate, 
sm-^oth,  about  1  cm.  long  and  nearly  as  wide  and  high,  obliquely  ovate, 
rntber  narrowed  below  and  with  a  flfit  deltoid  beak  about  3  mm.  long. 
Flowers  with  blade  purple-tipped,  about  5  mm.  long.  Banner  about  3 
mm.  long,  oval,  arched  to  45  to  90  degrees  beyond  teeth,  purple  striped 
below  as  are  the  wings,  with  sides  somewhat  reflexed  below,  about 
I  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  oblong,  about  as  long  as  keel  or  a  trifle 
more.  Keel  large,  with  straight  base  and  then  abruptly  erect  into  a 
triangular  and  acute  tip  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  almost  hemis- 
pherical, about  1  mm.  long,  about  as  long  as  the  triangular  teeth,  al- 
most sessile.  Bracts  hyaline  and  minute.  Peduncles  1-2  cm.  long,  fili- 
form, the  rachis  somewhat  longer.  Leaves  widely  spreading,  5-10  cm. 
lorg.  the  petiole  as  long  as  the  leaf  rachis.  Leaflets  3-6  pairs,  linear- 
elliptical,  apiculate,  in  the  type  about  1  cm.  long,  distant.  Stems 
in  the  type  much  branched  at  base  and  running  out  very  long,  flex- 
uous,  very  slender  and  tangled,  annual.  Cedros  Island  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.    Tro!  icpl  . 

Astragalus  insularis  var  Pondii  (Greene  Pitt.  1  288  (1889).  as 
species.)  This  is  a  larger  plant  with  rather  strict  stems  and  strict 
peduncles,  not  tangled,  leaflets  often  10  pairs  and  pods  nearly  oval. 
Bay    of    San    Bartolemo    Lower    California.      Lieut.     Pond. 

Astragalus  insularis  var.  Quentinus  Jones  Cont.  8  6  (1898).  This 
is  a  very  open  and  slender  form  with  short  i)eduncles,  nearly  glo- 
bose pods  with  the  flat  tip  reduced  to  a  mere  ajiiculation  and  pods 
about  2-2.5  cm.  long  and  tissue-like,  the  leaves  often  1.5  dm.  long 
and  with  leaflets  many  and  fully  2  cm.  long.  San  Quentin  Bay  I>ower 
California.  This  has  been  referred  to  A.  triflorus,  but  that  is  a  bien- 
nial or  winter  annual  and  does  not  seem  to  grow  on  the  Pacific 
Coast. 

48.  Astraglus  triflorus  (DC.)  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  45  (1853).  Phaca 
triflora  DC.  Ast.  50  t  1  (1802).  Phaca  Coquimbensis  H.  &  A.  Phaca 
Candolleana  H.  B.  K.,  A.  cerussatus  Sheldon,  A.  triflorus  var.  Can- 
dolleanus  (H.  B.  K.)  Jones.  Pods  1-2.5  cm  long,  7-10  mm.  wide, 
almost  oval,  abruptly  acute  at  both  ends  to  barely  acute  at  base,  veiny 
only  when  old  and  then  shortly-pubescent  only,  only  a  little  oblique, 
the  tip  a  mere  apiculation  sometimes  flattish  and  little  over  1  mm. 


Inflati  105 

long,  the  general  outline  nearly  oval,  narrowly  sulcate  ventrally,  most- 
ly translucent.  Flowers  normally  white,  inclined  to  be  cleistogamous, 
about  5-7  mm.  long,  the  petals  mostly  but  little  longer  than  calyx. 
Banner  notched,  oval  2-4  mm.  long,  with  sides  little  arched  along 
the  edges,  about  as  long  as  keel  or  a  trifle  more.  Wings  oblong, 
nearly  as  long  as  banner.  Keel  very  wide  relatively,  about  1.5  mm. 
wide  below  and  at  ti])  abruptly  rounded  to  erect  and  but  a  little  higher 
than  the  rest  of  keel  and  square.  Calyx  campanulate,  the  tube  about 
2  mm.  long,  the  teeth  arched,  triangular  and  fully  as  long  as  tube. 
Pedicels  stout,  1-2  mm.  long,  shorter  than  the  delicate  bracts.  Ped- 
uncles 1-3  cm.  long,  the  floral  rachis  about  as  long.  Leaves  5-7  cm. 
long,  ascending,  on  short  petioles.  Leaflets  5-8  pairs,  folded,  not  con- 
tiguous, oblong,  rounded  at  tip,  about  1  cm.  long.  Stipules  acuminate 
from  a  deltoid  base.  Stems  1-2  ft.  long,  rather  many  from  the  crown 
and  branched  below,  with  internodes  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Pubes- 
cence soft  throughout,  spreading,  hoary.  The  flowers  vary  greatly  in 
color  and  length  of  petals.  The  banner  is  often  arched  to  erect,  with 
light-pink  claw  and  blade  striate-purple-veined  and  with  darker  edges, 
the  groove  is  a  half  circle  and  occupies  most  of  banner  or  broadly 
triangular,  in  some  specimens  the  banner  has  a  purple  streak  below 
the  notch  and  on  the  s'des.  The  wina;s  equMl  the  kepi  and  n'^rending 
with  tips  just  touching  the  keel  tip,  obliquely  ovate  and  flat  and  obtuse. 
The  keel  tip  is  acute  and  narrow,  pink  but  not  purple-tipned.  The 
wings  are  often  light-pink  and  often  innple  strenked,  usually  darker 
below.  Other  material  has  dark-purple  flowers  with  very  striate  ban- 
ner. Some  Colorado  forms  have  the  banner  2-3  mm.  longer  than  k^el 
and  wings  about  intermediate.  Frequent  in  the  Lower  Temperate  life 
zone  from  Baker  Lemhi  Co.  Tdnho  and  the  San  Rafael  Swell  TTtah  to 
centra]  Colorado  and  southward  at  least  to  central  Mexico.  The  type 
locality  is  Mexico  not  Peru.  Some  f'^rms  are  short-lived  rerennia'ts. 
Blooms  in  summer  Tt  grows  in  the  hills  and  not  on  the  plains  in  this 
country.  DeCandolle's  fanciful  figure  is  poor,  that  of  H.  B.  K.  is  better. 
On  the  plains  it  is  replaced  by  the  following.  Gray's  type  is  mac'  e  up 
of  A.  lentiginosus  var.  diphysus  partly. 

The  type  of  Phaca  triflora  DC.  is  a  fanciful  fisure  drawn  as  though 
it  were  a  weak  annual,  but  corresponds  in  essential  featurps  with  the 
species.  Phaca  Candolleana  H.  B.  K.  which  w^s  intended  to  he  thp 
same  thing  is  drawn  without  the  root  as  though  it  were  a  perennial  and 
has  narrower  leaflets  but  otherwise  the  same.  Tt  also  is  a  fanciful 
figire.  Plants  from  the  Valley  of  Mexico  by  Schaffner  are  clearlv  an- 
ual  and  early  blooming  and  fit  DeCandolle's  figure.  Plants  of  my 
own  collection  at  Casialidad  Zacatecas  and  Ramos  correspond  well 
■^■^■ith  both  fig\ires  showins  the  species  to  be  a  winter  annual  or  flower- 
ing in  the  spring  and  fall  from  the  same  plant,  a  thing  very  common 
In  Mexico,  and  plants  insei)arable  from  the  Colorado  form  called  cenis- 
satus  by  Sheldon.  The  type  is  too  n^ar  to  cerussatus  for  it  to  be 
kept  up  as  a  variety.  Plants  corresponding  to  cerussatus  from  Mexico 
also  are  those  of  Rose  from  Irola  No.  4558.  At  Baker  Idaho  I  found  it 
growing  and  in  fruit  in  September  and  evidently  in  condition  to  live 
over  the  coming  winter  and  thus  at  least  a  biennial.  Parish  sends  me 
a  form  from  Leastalk  San  Bernardino  Co.  California  clearly  peren- 
nial with  mottled  smooth  pods  and  short  calyx  teeth.  Plants  growing 
in  the  San  Rafael  Swell  Utah  have  the  dense  hnb't  of  cerussatus  and 
fine  and  soft  pubescence  and  beautifully  mottled  nearly  globose  pods, 
elongated  calyx  teeth  and  dark-purnle  flowers,  appearing  so  like  A. 
pubentissimus  that  only  an  examination  of  the  pods  and  calyx  teeth 
can  sei)arate  them.  These  plants  also  bloom  as  annuals  and  winter 
-annuals  but  the  two  species  d-^  nnf  seem  to  hybridize.  A.  Coquim- 
bensis  answers  fairly  well  to  this  species.  The  species  is  very 
variable  in  the  pods  and   pubescence. 


iU6  Inflati 

Astragalus  triflorus  var.  playanus  (Jones  Cont.  8  6  (1898)  as 
species )  This  is  a  robust  form  with  pods  about  3  cm.  long,  half- 
oval  when  young  and  always  somewhat  oblique.  Pubescence  almost 
none  or  minute.  Leaflets  nearly  linear  and  2  cm.  long.  Flowers 
white  or  purple.  This  is  the  common  form  of  the  plains  of  Texas, 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona  as  far  west  as  the  Colorado  river  and  north- 
ward to  Flagstaff.  It  seems  quite  distinct  from  A.  triflorus  but  can- 
not be  maintained  as  it  intergrades  at  all  points.  It  is  quite  probable 
that  it  may  grow  in  Ix)wer  California  but  all  forms  seen  by  me  seem 
referable  to  insularis.  Playanus  is  mostly  a  winter  annual,  rarely 
persisting  longer.      It  blooms   from   spring  to  fall. 

49.  Astragalus  subcinereus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  366  (1878). 
A.  Wootoni  Sheldon.  Pods  rather  stiff-papery,  but  not  tissue-like, 
mostly  mottled,  2-3  cm.  long,  oval  to  oblong-oval,  a  little  gibbous, 
seed-bearing  for  most  of  the  length,  variously  puberulent,  large  for 
the  plant,  sulcate  about  2  mm.  deep  ventrally  and  often  a  little 
dorsally,  base  and  tip  inclined  to  be  turned  in  opposite  directions, 
either  conically  pointed  at  both  ends  or  the  tip  sometimes  only  api- 
culate.  Seed  stalks  about  2  mm.  long.  Flowers  about  8  mm.  long, 
stubby  and  much  incurved  after  the  fashion  of  pictus  and  junceus, 
rather  dirty  white  and  banner  purple-veined,  not  over  10,  in  short 
racemes,  spreading.  Banner  abruptly  arched  to  erect  near  end  of 
tube,  oval,  4  mm.  long,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  little  arched, 
o'llanceolate,  1  mm.  wide,  barely  a  little  longer  than  keel.  Keel 
lunate  the  base  and  tip  triangular  acute  and  produced,  base  a  little 
firched,  and  then  abruptly  rounded  to  erect,  3  mm.  high.  Calyx 
tube  turbinate-campanulate,  about  2  mm.  long,  minutely  pubescent 
with  wavy  white  and  closely  appressed  hairs,  tube  attached  in  the 
middle  of  the  fleshy  end,  a  little  oblique  at  tip  and  cleft  deeper  above, 
the  teeth  triangular  and  half  to  a  third  the  tube.  Pedicels  in  flower 
not  over  2  mm.  long  and  as  long  as  the  ovate  bracts,  biit  in  fruit 
often  3  mm.  long,  inclined  to  be  reflexed.  Peduncles  1-3  cm.  long,  the 
floral  rachis  short  in  flower  and  flowers  spicate,  but  elongating  lo 
sometimes  1  dm.  long  in  fruit,  widely  spreading  as  are  the  leaves. 
Leaves  slender,  often  1  dm.  long,  all  i)etioled  but  petioles  short. 
Leaflets  distant,  linear  (except  the  smallest  ones),  7-9  pairs,  folded, 
n?hy  below,  nearly  smooth  above,  refuse,  7-25  mm.  long  2-3  mm.  wide. 
Stipules  not  connate,  thick,  green,  broadly  deltoid,  reflexed.  Inter- 
nodes  1-2  cm.  long.  Stems  flexuous,  single  to  few,  rather  stout  for 
the  plant,  2-4  dm.  long,  spreading,  whole  plants  ashy.  Winter  an- 
nuals with  slender  roots.  In  the  southern  part  of  the  Navajo  Basin 
.'•nd  running  over  a  little  on  the  Rio  Grande  drainage  and  following 
flown  the  Colorado  nearly  to  the  mouth  of  the  Virgin,  growing  on  dry 
benches  and  sandy  places  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  This  is  separa- 
ble from  A.  triflorus  by  the  ashy,  not  soft,  pubescence,  by  the  stiff 
and  large  pods,  zigzig  stems,  open  habit,  and  short  calyx  teeth.  Pre- 
sumably authentic  material  from  Wooton  himself  in  my  herbarium 
and  named   by   Wooton  as  A.   Wootoni  is  A.   subcinereus. 

50.  Astragalus  scalaris  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  23  270  (1880).  Pods 
4-8  mm.  long,  2-3  mm.  wide  and  high,  rather  triquetrous,  half-oval 
to  oblong  or  oblong-ovate,  straight  but  very  oblique,  strongly  cross- 
nerved,  papery,  opening  first  at  tip,  deeply  and  broadly  sulcate,  with 
cross  section  triangular-cordate  to  almost  reniform,  smooth,  about 
horizontal,  truncate  at  tip  by  the  abrupt  ending  of  the  ventral  suture 
which  is  straight  and  with  a  minute  upturned  mucro,  a  trifle  wider  above 
and  a  little  narrowed  at  base,  evidently  inflated  though  so  small, 
splitting  the  calyx,  on  an  evident  but  very  short  stipe.  Flowers  about 
5  mm.  long,  very  loosely  racemose,  many,  white  but  purple-tinged  above. 
Banner  about  4  mm.  long,  nearly  round,  abruptly  arched  to  45  degrees 
at  end  of  calyx,  with  sides  reflexed  3  mm.  wide  to  the  midrib  below, 
with    conical    and    shallow    groove,    barely    notched,    hardly    1    mm. 


Inflati  107 

longer  than  wings  and  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  obliquely 
obovate  a  trifle  arched  1  mm.  wide,  as  wide  as  keel,  very 
obtuse,  concave  to  keel,  si)reading,  nearly  horizontal  and  the  right 
hand  one  the  more,  at  tip.  Keel  about  1  mm.  long  abruptly  arched  to 
a  half  circle,  very  obtuse.  Calyx  tube  about  hemispherical,  deeper 
cleft  above,  1-1.5  mm.  long,  nigrescent,  a  trifle  laterally  flattened,  ob- 
lique at  tip,  with  the  deltoid  teeth  shorter  than  the  tube.  Pedicels  slen- 
der, reflexed,  about  2  mm.  long.  Bracts  very  thin  and  hyaline,  shorter 
than  the  mature  pedicels,  triangular.  Peduncles  about  1  dm.  long, 
often  shorter  than  the  floral  rachis,  in  all  the  upper  axils,  sulcarte. 
Leaves  widely  spreading,  3-10  cm.  long,  very  delicate  and  quickly 
wilting,  nearly  sessile,  with  filiform  rachis.  Leaflets  6-12  pairs, 
linear-oblong  to  oval-ovate  distant  or  not  contiguous,  4-12  mm.  long, 
conspicuously  petiolulate,  obtuse  to  retuse,  2-5  mm.  wide,  nearly 
smoooth  .  Stipules  minute,  subulate,  not  connate.  Stems  biennial  or 
short-lived  perennials,  2-3  ft.  high  and  racenosely  branched  from  a 
woody  and  erect  root.  This  has  the  habit  of  A.  Rusbyi  and  the  deli- 
cate and  erect  Daleas.  The  pods  are  nearly  the  shape  of  A.  sesquiflo- 
rus  (but  reversed)  and  leptaleus  and  Guatamalensis,  but  is  not  related 
to  any  of  them  unless  it  be  the  latter.  It  grows  among  the  oaks 
along  streams  in  the  lower  edge  of  the  Middle  Temperate  life  zone, 
in  the  Sierra  Madres  of  Chihuahua  Mexico,  at  6000  to  9500  ft.  alt. 
Blooming  in  fall. 

Astragalus  scalaris  van.  quercetinus  n.  var.  Pods  conspicuously 
stipitate,  the  stipe  about  as  long  as  calyx.  Pedicels  twice  as  long. 
Leaflets  elliptical-ovate  to  oval-ovate.  Plants  about  3  feet  high  and 
with  innumerable  branches.  Sierra  Madre  Mts.  Chihuahua.  San 
Diego  Canon  Sept.  16,  1903,  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  All  sorts 
of  intergrades  occur. 

51.  Astragalus  Ward!  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  12  55  (1876).  Phaca 
Rydberg.  Pods  almost  oval,  inclined  to  be  triangular-acute  at  both 
ends,  straight,  scarcely  at  all  oblique,  smooth,  mottled,  with  round  cross 
section  except  for  a  slight  groove  ventrally,  the  minute  tip  flattened 
and  cuspid;! te,  seed-bearing  only  in  the  middle  and  ventral  suture  in- 
truded about  one  half  mm.,  inclined  to  have  a  round  false-stipe  1-2 
mm.  thick  by  the  narrowing  of  the  pod  at  the  calyx  but  without  any- 
thing but  a  mere  rudiment  of  a  true  stipe.  Flowers  white  or  nearly  so 
about  5  vm.  long,  ascending  b  it  soon  pendent,  aiched  as  in  A.  pictus. 
Banner  about  3  mm.  long,  arched  abruptly  to  fully  erect  at  calyx  tips, 
greenish-white  with  tinge  of  yellow,  purple-streaked  below  with  fine 
lines;  gro've  about  2  mm.  wide  and  forming  one  third  circle,  about  1 
mm.  deep,  a  little  shallower  nbove  and  a  little  narrowed  and  deeper 
below;  sides  reflexed  onposite  the  calyx  tips  a  very  little;  blade  oblong, 
to  oval,  rounded  at  tip  and  with  sharp  notch.  Wings  oblong-ovate, 
arched  45  degrees,  mrrowei  at  the  almost  acute  and  incurved  tip 
about  2  T>-m.  wide  and  1  mm.  longer  than  kpel,  and  nearly  2  mm. 
shorter  thin  banner,  close-pressed  to  near  the  keel-  tip,  then  con- 
cave to  it  and  the  left  hand  one  spreading  with  the  lower  edge 
turned  out.  the  other  bent  over  keel  at  tip  and  close-pressed  to  tip, 
not  streaked.  Keel  a  little  deflexed  at  calyx  tips,  at  the  end  sharply 
incurved  to  IIR  deg'-ees  nbti.se.  y'llow-tipped,  barely  1  mm.  longer 
than  calyx,  about  2  mm.  high.  Calyx  obliquely  carapanulate,  the  tube 
about  2  mm.  long,  with  base  straight,  and  the  upper  side  arched  to 
near  a  quarter  circle,  attached  on  the  lower  acute  corner  which  is 
fleshy,  cleft  a  little  deejier  above,  with  a  broad  sinus,  obcompressed  at 
tip,  with  scattered  black  hairs,  teeth  subulate  to  triangular  and  about 
as  long.  Pedicels  in  fruit  filiform,  often  4  mm.  long  and  longer  than 
the  delicate  triangular  bmcts.  Peduncles  axillary  throughout,  filiform, 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  floral  rachis  at  least  as  long.  5-15  flowered. 
Leaves    rarely    2    dm.    long,    lax    and    thin,    the    upper   almost   sessile. 


liiS  Indali 

Leaflets  8-10  pairs,  narrowly  oblong,  obt  ise  to  notched,  cuneate  below 
and  long-petiolulate,  5-15  mm.  long,  net  folded,  thin,  smooth.  Stems 
ascending,  about  a  foot  high,  very  many,  almost  simple.  Stipules 
triangular,  small,  hyaline,  thin,  the  upper  reflexed.  Growing  along 
irrigation  ditches  and  moist  bare  bottoms  and  among  willows  in  gravel 
and  clay,  from  Richfield  Utah  to  the  head  of  the  Sevier.  My  material 
from  Willow  Spring  south  of  Lee's  Ferry  is  probably  this  species, 
blooming  in  summer. 

52.  Astragalus  serpens  Jones  Cont.  7  641.  644  (1895)  Phaca  Ryd- 
berg.  Pods  oval-ovate,  2-2.5  cm.  long  and  about  1  cm.  wide  and  high, 
round  in  cross  section,  barely  sulcate  ventrally.  papery  and  much 
mottled  but  not  translucent,  conical  beaked,  the  beak  not  longer 
than  high  and  minutely  apiculate,  rounded  at  bnse,  the  stipe  hardly  as 
long  as  calyx  tube.  Flowers  greenish-purple,  about  7  mm.  long,  rarely 
half  a  dozen  and  pods  mostly  single  to  a  peduncle,  the  raceme  about 
1  cm.  long  and  the  stout  peduncle  only  a  little  longer.  Banner  nearly 
round,  about  3  mm.  long,  j\ist  equaling  the  wings  .in.d  keel,  abruptly 
arched  to  110  degrees.  Wings  obovate-oval,  ver>'  oblique,  about  3  mm. 
wide  and  4  mm.  long,  just  the  shape  of  the  keel.  Keel  blunt,  the 
base  a  trifle  arched,  the  tip  incurved  to  erect  and  vv-ith  a  minute  boss, 
about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  narrowly  campanulate,  the  tube  3  mm.  long, 
teeth  subulate,  2  mm.  long.  Bracts  hyaline,  about  2  mm.  long,  ovate. 
Pedicc^ls,  2.-4  mm.  long,  reflexed  or  spreading.  Peduncles  axillary. 
Leaves  3-4  cm.  long,  narrow,  thick  and  stiff,  many  (the  internodes 
rarely  2  cm.  Iqng),  the  relatively  stout  petiole  about  half  the  whole. 
Leaflets  about  6  pairs,  elliptical  to  oval,  folded,  thick,  rounded  and 
very  obtuse,  about  5  mm.  long,  contiguous.  Stems  csespitos^"  and 
many  from  a  thick  and  woody  root,  prostrate,  freely  branched,  relative- 
ly ctcnit,  rarely  2  dm.  long.  Stipulps  brown  and  thin,  deltoid,  con- 
spicuous, not  connate,  3-4  mm.  long.  Whole  plant  ashy  with  short 
loosely  appressed  and  rather  tangled  hairs,  the  calyx  black-hairy. 
Lea  Pass  and  Belknap  Mt.  Utah  on  hie'h  rocky  ridges.  Apparently 
in  the  Elk  Mts.  Utah.  The  r^rterial  of  A.  triflorus  from  the  San 
Rafael  Swell  Utah  much  resembles  this  but  the  pods  are  sessile  and 
leaflets   narrow.     Middle   Temperate  life  zone.     Blooming  in  July. 

53.  Astragalus  nutans  n.  so.  .Pods  as  in  A.  serpens  but  trans- 
lucent and  only  a  little  blotched,  n°arlv  pi^bose.  Flowers  nurpl^ 
with  claws  about  1  cm.  long,  few  and  shortly  racemose,  horizontal 
to  reflexed.  Banner  about  5  mm.  lone,  oval,  abriptly  arched  at  end  of 
calyx  to  45  degrees,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide  below, 
white  spot  purple  striked.  Wines  obliquely  nbovate,  rounded.  2  mm. 
shorter  than  banner  and  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  straight  base 
and  then  rounded  to  a  little  more  th'in  erect,  the  tip  nearly  square 
at  the  corner,  about  3  mm.  high.  C'-.lyx  tube  campanulate,  about 
3  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  the  base  straight,  the  upper  side  arched, 
inserted  a  little  below  the  middle  at  the  fleshy  base,  cleft  deeper 
above  and  oblique  at  tip.  the  teeth  triangular  and  about  one-half  t" 
one-third  the  tube,  pubescent  with  white  and  blank  hairs  intermixed 
and  closely  aPT^ressed.  Pedicels  stout,  2-4  mm.  long  in  fruit,  rathe' 
longer  than  the  ovate  bracts.  Peduncles  3-4  cm.  long  but  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  the  floral  rachis  about  half  as  long,  in  the  uppe'- 
axils.  Leaves  4-5  cm.  long,  only  the  lower  petioles  as  long  as  lea' 
rachis,  many  (the  internodes  1-3  cm.  long).  Leaflets  3-6  pairs,  el- 
liptical, cuneate  below,  obtuse,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  often  folded,  not  very 
thick.  Stems  1-3  dm.  long,  rather  slender,  branched  throughout 
several  from  the  tip  of  a  slender  erect  not  woody  root,  blooming  the 
second  year.  Stipules  "mail,  triangular,  rather  hyaline,  about  3  mm. 
long.  Whole  plant  minutely  ashy  with  closely  appressea  stralgb" 
halrs.  Growing  in  sand  and  blooming  in  May.  Tropical.  Providencp 
Mountain  eastern  California.     This  has  the  habit  of  A.  triflorus  var. 


Inflati  109 

playanus  but  has  a  filiform  stipe  nearly  as  long  as  calyx.     May  1902, 
Brandegee. 

54.  Astragalus  pictus  Gray  PI.  Fend.  37.  (1849)  as  Phaca  and  Proc. 
Am.  Acad.  6  214  (1864)  as  var.  foliolosus.  A.  pictus  var,  angustus  Jones 
and  angustus  var.  pictus  and  A.  angustus  Jones,  A.  foliolosus  Shel- 
don, A.  ceramicus  var.  Jonesii  Sheldon,  A.  pictus  Steud.  was  a  no- 
men  nudum  and  A.  pictus  Boissier  &  Gall.  (1859)  was  a  synonym  of  A. 
conduplicatus  Bertol.  (1864).  The  omission  of  Sheldon  to  see  that 
A.  pictus  was  never  published  though  this  fact  was  specifically  stated 
by  Gray  (Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  215)  has  led  to  several  unnecessary  syn- 
onyms. The  type  of  this  species  is  rare  and  so  the  general  character 
of  the  species  is  given  under  the  var.  magnus  which  see.  Pods  oblong- 
oval,  about  1.5  cm.  long.  Leaflets  3-7  pairs,  linear  and  about  1.5  cm. 
long.  Santa  Fe  New  Mexico  and  extending  over  into  the  Navajo  Basin 
to  Moctezuma  canon  on  the  borders  of  Utah  and  to  Moab. 

Astragalus  pictus  var,  magnus  n.  n.  A.  pictus  Gray  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  6  215  as  to  the  description,  not  citation.  My  specimens  no.  5160 
from  Silver  Reef  Utah  constitute  the  type.  Pods  oval,  inclined  to  be 
shortly-conical-acute  at  both  ends,  2-3  cm  long  and  1-2  cm.  wide  and 
high,  mostly  sbalicnv  suicatf'  along  the  ventral  suture,  papery  and 
iucliucd  to  be  tvr<nsiiTC('nt.  abruptly  contracted  at  base  into  the  stipe 
which  is  nearly  as  long  as  calyx  tube,  the  tip  inclined  to  be  a  little 
oblique  and  upturned  but  not  always,  pendent,  few  to  single,  seed- 
bearing  along  the  middle.  Flowers  very  light-dirty-purple  and  water 
lined  coarsely,  about  1  cm.  long,  stubby.  Banner  round,  about  5  mm. 
long,  bent  square  off  just  beyond  calyx  tips  to  erect  or  a  little  more; 
groove  very  wide,  a  half  circle,  2  mm.  wide  below,  3  mm.  above; 
blade  with  branched  purple  veins  and  no  white  spot;  sides  reflexed 
but  very  little,  not  extending  beyond  the  keel  because  of  being  so 
much  arched.  Wings  barely  longer  than  keel,  very  obliquely  ovate 
with  tip  bent  at  right  angles  and  acutish  on  the  lower  side  or  a  little 
notched,  about  3  mm.  wid'e.  wholly  cnncealing  keel.  Keel  with  straight 
base  then  arched  to  a  half  circle  and  tip  acuminate  and  erect,  about 
?■  mm.  high,  ?nd  dull  p'^riile.  Petals  with  white  cl-^ws.  Pedicels  slen- 
der, 2-3  mm.  long,  and  variable.  Calyx  tube  turbinate-camnanulate, 
about  2  mm.  long,  obcompressed  above,  rounded  at  base  and  equally 
inserted,  sinuses  broad  and  teeth  subulate  and  a  little  shorter  than 
tube,  equal,  not  deeper  cleft  above.  Peduncles  fliform,  spreading  as  are 
the  leaves,  2-5  cm.  long,  flexuous,  axillary,  the  rachis  as  long  or 
longer  and  loc^p'y  few-flowered.  Stems  flexuous,  very  slender,  rarely 
a  foot  high  with  few  internodes  1-3  cm.  long,  single  at  the  ends  of 
long  and  filiform  rootstocks.  Stipules  green,  triangular,  erect,  con- 
nate, rarely  .'i  mm.  loner,  those  of  the  rootstocks  sheathing  and  with- 
out tips  and  often  1  cm.  long.  Lowest  leaves  very  small  and  with 
about  3  pairs  of  oval  to  elliptical,  contiguous  leaflets  5  mm.  long, 
or  absent,  the  nnper  leaves  with  linear  leaflets  ?-5  cr-^ .  long  and  rarelv 
2  mm.  wide,  the  unnermost  leaflet  a  mere  nrnlongaticn  of  the  rachis 
and  a  trifle  widened  and  longer  than  rest.  Leaves,  peduncles  and  stems 
about  alike,  all  green,  phyllodia-like.  Frequent  on  sandy  plains  from 
western  Nebraska  through  Wynnv"""'  to  central  Utah,  Johnson's  Pass 
Aoui  Mts.  (West  of  Ff"'^'^^  and  MiKord  and  southward  to  the  Colo- 
rado river  and  eastward  through  central  New  Mexico  to  the  plains 
of  Kansas.  Lower  and  part  cf  the  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  Bloom- 
ing In  Mry  and  June. 

Astranalus  pictus  var,  lilifclius  Gray  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  12  part  2  t. 
r.  A.  (I^eo)  as  srec'es.  and  Proc  Am.  Acad.  6  215  (1864).  Psoralea 
longffol'P  Pursb  Phar^a  longifoiin  cP'^rsh)  Nutt..  A.  ceramicus  Sheldon, 
A.  ceramicus  var.  inirerfectus  Sheldin.  A.  angustus  var.  longifoUus 
(Pvirsh)   Jcnes.     Leaflets  either  reduced  to  the  filiform  rachis  nr  th* 


110  Inflati 

rachls  with  a  few  filiform  leaflets.     Stipe  sometimes  twice  the  calyx. 
Otherwise  as  in  the  var.  magnus.    More  common. 

55.  Astragalus  vestitus  (Benth.)  \Yatsou  Bib.  Index  202  (1878). 
Phaca  vestita  Benth.  Bot.  Suljih.  13  (1811).  This  antedates  A.  ves- 
titus Boissier  A.  Heldr.  Diag.  PI.  1  pt.  9  98  (18h9).  Tra?:acantha 
Kuntze,  A.  anemophilus  Greene.  Pods  fror-  "^-rly  oval  tT  h-xlfoval, 
rather  angled  than  pointed  at  both  ends,  iIih  tip  be  ng  deltoid  and 
very  short  in  the  type,  variously  spreading  with  dorsal  suture  barely 
sulcate  and  ventral  decidedly  so,  often  to  one-third  the  depth,  hoary  to 
minutely  pubescent.  Flowers  nearly  in  heads  in  the  type,  about  1 
cm.  long,  wide  and  stubby,  white  or  rarely  purpled  tipped,  soon  re- 
flexed.  Banner  fleshy  below  and  with  thick  claw,  the  tip  oval  and 
vei-y  phort,  arched  remote  from  the  calyx  to  nearly  erect  and  with 
sides  reflexed  a  trifle  as  a  mere  rim  around  the  edge,  the  blade  5-7 
mm.  long,  scarcely  longer  than  the  wings  and  keel.  Wings  oblong, 
nearly  straight,  rounded,  little  arched,  veiny,  abo  it  1  mm.  or  leas 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  straight  base  and  then  abruptly  erect, 
the  til)  bi-oad  iuid  \cr:'  obtuse,  about  H  mm.  high,  purple.  Calyx  tube 
siiort-campanulate,  about  4  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  oblique  at  base 
and  rather  truncate,  inserted  near  the  middle,  cleft  deeper  above, 
hoary,  the  triangular  teeth  about  half  the  tube.  Pedicels  in  the 
type  almost  none.  Petioles  absent  or  3  cm.  Inns;.  Leaflets  10-14  pairs, 
oval  to  elliptical,  truncate  to  acutish,  1-2  cm.  long.  Stipules  connate. 
Pubescence  white-woolly  in  the  tyiie.  A  very  variable  species.  Mag- 
daiena   Bay  I.,ower  California. 

Astragalus  vestifs  var.  Mp-^^i-^s''  (Orny  Proc.  Am.  Af^d.  R  217 
(18G4)  as  species).  Phaca  densifolia  Smith,  A.  densifolius  (Sm.)  Torr. 
Phaca  Nuttallii  T.  &  G.  Pods  papery  and  rather  translucent.  3-5  cm. 
long,  2-3  cm.  wid^^  and  high,  obliquely  ovate  to  oval,  pubfrulent,  keeled 
ventrally  and  rather  sulcate.  reflexed.  short-racemose.  Flowers  cream- 
colored,  thick,  about  1.2  cm.  long,  reflexed.  Calyx  tube  shortly-cylin- 
dric-campanulate,  about  4  mm.  long  and  nearly  as  high,  cleft  deeper 
above,  slightly  nubescent;  teeth  about  half  as  long  as  tube  and  subu- 
late from  a  deltoid  base.  Pedicels  slender,  3-4  mm.  long,  equaled  or 
a  little  surpassed  by  the  the  very  thin  and  hvaline  and  narrow 
bracts.  Peduncles  1-1.5  dm.  long,  mostly  longer  than  the  leaves  and 
lon.-^er  than  the  floral  rachis.  Leaves  sessile  or  the  lower  only  short- 
petioled,  about  1  dm.  lone.  Leaflets  15-19  pairs,  elliptical  with  a  cu- 
neate  base,  rounded  to  notched,  1-2  cm.  long.  Stipules  connate  ex- 
cept at  the  uppermost  nodes,  papery  and  conspicuous.  Stems  erect 
to  decumbent,  from  a  wnody  base,  rather  stout.  2-3  feet  long.  Pubes- 
cence thinlv  woolly  and  soft  throughout  except  on  the  calyx.  Common 
nn  open  hill  sides  and  plains  from  San  Francisco  southward  along 
the  coast. 

Astragalus  vestitus  var.  Franciscanus  (Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud. 
9  133  (1894)  as  species).  A.  Franciscanus  var.  longulus  Sheldon.  A. 
Crotalarise  var.  virgatus  Gray.  Phaca  Frauciscana  (Sheldon)  Heller. 
Stipules  connate  only  near  the  base  of  the  stems.  Pods  many  an'' 
often  erect.  Pubescence  ashy  or  minute  but  evidently  the  rudiments 
of  woolly  hairs.  Calyx  lobes  rather  subulate  and  as  long  as  tube. 
Same  range  as  the  var.  Menziesii  and  freely  intergrading.  Thi? 
variety  is  more  strict  and  less  inclined  to  be  decumbent. 

56.  Astragalus  Porrcnensis  .Tones  Cont.  10  59  (1902).  Pods  abou' 
5  cm.  long  and  nearly  3  cm.  high  and  wide,  about  half  oval,  conspic- 
uously oblique,  very  blunt  with  a  very  short  and  deltoid  tip  not  longe- 
than  wide,  smooth  when  mature,  ascending  in  dense  swabs  at  th- 
ends  of  stout  peduncles  which  are  about  1  dm.  long  and  much  shorte  ■ 
than  the  leaves.  Flowers  and  calyx  as  in  A.  Menziesii  in  she-' 
spikes  shorter  than  the  peduncles.  Leaves  about  2  dm.  long,  sessil-^ 
Leaflets  about  2  cm.  long,  oblong,  a  trifle  wider  below,  truncate  ;- ' 
tip  and  cuneate  and  long-petiolulate  at  base.     Stems  many  and  tuftel. 


Inflati  111 

decumbent,  stout,  2-3  ft.  long.  Whole  plant  almost  smooth,  but  calyx 
nigrescent.  This  plant  varies  but  little,  but  is  too  close  to  A.  Menziesii. 
Common  in  the  valleys  from  Los  Angeles  and  Pasadena  to  San  Ber- 
nardino and  Temecula. 

57.  Astragalus  Crotalariae  (Benth.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad  6  216 
(1864).  Phaca  Crotalariae  Benth.  PI.  Hartvi'.  307  (1848).  Tragacan- 
that  Kuntze.  Pods  oval,  2  cm.  long  and  1..5  cm.  wide,  about  round 
In  cross  section,  a  little  oblique,  shortly  pointed  and  apiculate,  rather 
rigid.  Flowers  purple,  about  2  cm.  long.  Banner  elliptical,  about 
1.5  cm.  long,  arched  gently  to  nearly  erect  a  little  beyond  calyx  tips, 
with  sides  reflexed  below,  about  4  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings 
linear,  arched  to  45  degrees,  2-3  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  half  ellipti 
cal,  the  tip  nearly  erect.  Calyx  tube  shortly  campanulate,  about  4 
mm.  long  and  shortpedicelpd,  pubescent  teeth  triangular  and  half  as 
long.  Peduncles  about  1  dm.  long,  heads  2-7  cm.  long,  loosely  6-12 
flowered.  Leaves  about  as  in  the  var.  Menziesii  but  larger  and  con- 
spicuously pubescent  only  when  young.  Monterey  California,  Coulter. 
An  obscure  species. 

58.  Astragalus  Miguelensis  Greene  Pitt.  1  33.  (1887).  Pods  when 
mature  about  smooth,  oval-ovate,  about  2  cm.  long,  and  1.5  cm.  wide, 
the  trinngular  tip  about  4  mm.  long  and  arcuate,  sulcate  at  both  sut- 
ures. stiff-T^apejv,  n spending  in  dense  heads  and  very  shortly  pediceled. 
Flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long,  light  colored.  Banner  oval,  about  1  cm. 
long,  arch'^d  abruptly  at  calyx  tip  to  fully  erect,  thin.  Wings  linear, 
straight,  about  1.5  mm.  wide,  about  3  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  as 
much  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  half-elliptical,  about  5  mm.  long,  the 
tip  ascending  and  acutish.  Calyx  tube  about  5  mm.  long  and  4  mm 
high,  short-camiianulate.  oblique  at  both  ends,  the  teeth  with  deltoid 
base  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  sparsely  woolly  tube.  Leaflets  9-12 
pairs,  cuneate-oblong-obovate,  rounded  to  notched,  densely  white- 
woolly.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  mostly  short-petioled.  Peduncles 
5  cm.  to  1  dm.  long,  floral  rachis  short.  Stems  decumbent,  branched. 
Stipules  connate.  This  has  much  the  habit  of  A.  vestitus  but  the  pods 
and  flowers  are  canitate.  and  flowers  not  stubby  and  seemingly  purple 
or  purplish.    Islands  of  Santa  Rosa  and  San  Miguel,  California. 

59.  Astragalus  Magdalenae  Greene  Pitt.  1  162  (1888).  A.  candidis- 
simus  (Benth.)  Watson.  Phaca  candidissima  Benth.  Pods  minutely 
'pubescent,  2-3  cm.  long,  oval  the  tip  rather  oblique  or  a  little  arched. 
Flowers  purple-tipped.  1-1.5  cm.  long.  In  a  dense  spike  about  5  cm. 
long,  almost  sessile.  Minute  bracts  twice  the  pedicels.  Banner  ovate, 
nrge,  about  1  cm.  lone,  arched  at  calyx  tips  to  erect,  4  mm.  longer 
than  wings  or  less.  Wings  broadly  lanceolate,  little  arched,  about  2 
mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  5  mm.  long,  arched  from  base  to 
to  tip  in  about  one-third  circle,  nearly  half-oval,  about  4  mm.  high. 
Calyx  black-hairy,  campanulate,  the  tube  cleft  deeper  above.  Teeth 
triangular  and  about  half  as  long  as  tube.  Peduncles  one  and  a  half 
times  as  long  as  leaves.  Leaves  7-12  cm.  long.  Leaflets  8-15  pairs, 
obovate-cunepte  to  oblnnceolate,  not  over  1.2  cm.  lon.g,  rounded  to 
notched,  barelv  petiolulate.  appressed-silvpry-silky  as  is  the  whole 
nlant  exi^'^nt  the  merely  puberulent  pnds.  Stipules  very  small  and  not 
'">n'iate  Maerlalena  T>ay  Lower  California,  etc.  It  appears  quite 
distinct  but  the   species   is  very  variable. 

60.  Astragalus  oocarpus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  213  (1864). 
T'his  is  founded  on  the  figure  of  Torrev  in  Mex.  Bound  t.  17  and  named 
(^rotalarioides  there  and  called  Crntalarife  in  the  text  p.  56  but  not 
desfribed.  Pods  rathe-  thin-corinrooMs  about  2  cm.  long.  1.5  cm.  wide 
nnd  1  cm.  b's-b.  oblif^ueH-  ovate,  with  flat  upturned  deltoid  tin  about  3 
mm.  lone,  sliehtly  sul<"^te  vpntrally  not  at  all  dorsally  and  with  dorsal 
suture  raised  pxternailv  as  thick  ridcre.  smooth,  only  faintly  reticulated, 
erect,  several  to  many  and  racemose  on  a  stout  peduncle  shorter  than 


112  Inflati 

the  leaves;  cross  section,  renlform.  Flowers  many,  closely  racemose, 
horizontal.  Calyx  campanulate-cyliudric,  3-4  mm.  long,  a  little  oblique 
at  the  rounded  base,  not  oblique  above,  with  teeth  n-.inute  and  deltoid 
shortly  pubescent.  Pedicels  rather  slender,  in  fruit  2-3  mm.  long  and 
rather  longer  than  the  triangular  bracts.  Banner  oval,  about  8  mm. 
long,  abruptly  erect  remote  from  calyx,  with  sides  reflexed  most  below. 
Wings  obliquely  oblong-oblanceolate  and  very  obtuse,  about  3-4  mm. 
shorter  than  the  banner  and  a  trifle  longer  than  the  keel.  Keel 
with  straight  base,  then  abruptly  arched  to  erect  at  the  end  and  tip 
triangular  and  acute.  Leaves  1-1.5  dm.  long,  narrow,  nearly  sessile 
with  12-15  pairs  of  elliptical  and  obtuse  and  rather  distant  leaflets 
about  1  cm.  long,  thick  and  green,  smooth.  Stems  4-6  ft.  high,  branched 
above  and  flexuous  and  rather  slender.  Growing  in  the  alkaline  val- 
leys east  of  San  Diego  California,  seldom  seen.     Tropical. 

61.  Astragalus  macrodon  (H.  &  A.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  216 
(1864).  Phaca  macrodon  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beech,  333  (1841).  A.  holo- 
sericeus  Jones.  Pods  oval-ovate  to  half-oval,  2-3  cm.  long  and  about 
2  cm.  wide,  the  oblique  tip  deltoid  and  short,  a  little  sulcate  at  both 
sutures,  chartaceous,  spreading  to  reflexed,  the  cross  section  about 
round.  Flowers  ascending,  nearly  white,  about  7  mm.  long,  10-20  in  a 
short  and  close  raceme.  Banner  round,  gently  arched  to  erect  from 
the  calyx  tube,  with  sides  reflexed  above,  about  4  mm.  long,  barely 
longer  than  wings.  Wings  half-oval,  a  trifle  longer  than  keel.  Keel 
arched  to  a  half  circle  from  base,  the  triangular  and  produced  tip  as 
long  as  base  and  erect,  about  4  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  campanulate, 
about  3  mm.  long,  with  subulate  and  curved  teeth  nearly  as  long. 
Bracts  ovate,  minute,  shorter  than  the  pedicels  which  are  2-3  mm.  long. 
Peduncles  slender,  about  half  as  long  as  leaves,  the  fruiting  rachis 
at  least  as  long.  Lower  leaves  much  reduced,  the  upper  1-1.5  dm.  long, 
with  petioles  mostly  2-3  cm.  long.  Lower  leaflets  5-7  pairs,  linear-el- 
liptical, acute,  7  mm.  long,  and  petiole  as  long  as  leaf  rachis;  upper 
leaflets  about  10  pairs,  linear  lanceolate,  very  acute,  1-2  cm.  long.  Stip- 
ules subulate-filiform,  7  mm.  Ion?,  reflexed,  thick,  not  connate.  Inter- 
nodes  2-5  cm.  long.  Stems  rather  flexuous  and  slender.  Pubescence 
very  soft  and  short-shaggy  throughout  with  very  fine  wavy  hairs  and 
seeming  woolly  but  hardly  so.  Stems  and  pods  less  pubescent.  Mon- 
tery  Co..  San  Luis  Obispo  and  the  coast  region,  also  at  Fresno  and 
around    the    San    Joaquin    valley. 

62.  Astragalus  Douglasii  (T.  &  G.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  215 
(1864).  Phaca  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  346  (1838).  A  very  variable  species. 
Pods  papery,  2-4  cm.  long  and  about  3  cm.  wide,  in  the  type,  gibbous- 
ovate  to  half  oval,  apiculate.  Flowers  cream-colored,  rather  reddish 
in  bud.  Banner  oval-ovate,  about  7  mm.  high,  abruptly  arched  at 
end  of  calyx  to  erect,  with  sides  reflexed  near  the  base  and  1  mm. 
wide;  groove  sharply  widened  at  end  of  keel  till  it  fills  the  whole 
banner,  the  banner  tips  not  reflexed.  Wings  sharply  arched  to 
nearly  erect  and  exposing  keel,  very  obliquely  cuneate  obovate,  about  3 
mm.  wide  near  tip.  very  blunt,  the  right  hand  one  flaring  below,  the 
other  close  pressed  to  keel,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  3  mm. 
shorter  than  banner.  Keel  as  high  as  long  and  abruptly  rounded  to 
a  little  more  than  erect  and  sharp,  about  3  mm.  high,  not  dark-tipped. 
Calyx  nearly  hemispherical,  oblique  at  both  ends  ,inserted  near  the 
lower  corner  and  fleshy  at  corner,  at  mouth  obcompressed  and  deeper 
and  broader  cleft.  Upper  teeth  the  longer,  subulate,  rather  dell  old. 
hardly  one-third  as  long  as  tube.  Flowering  pedicels  about  equaled 
by  the  ovate  bracts,  1-2  mm.  long.  Peduncles  slender,  rarely  1  dm. 
long.  I^eaves  narrow,  1-1.5  dm.  long,  all  somewhat  petioled.  Leaflets 
10-13  pairs,  7-20  mm.  long,  narrowly  elliptical  to  linear-oblong,  obtuse, 
rather  thick,  about  4  mm.  wide,  shortly  petiolulate,  inclined  to  be  sil- 
very below  with  very  fine  straight  and  closely  appressed  hairs,   but 


Inflati  113 

pubescence  very  variable.  Stipules  rather  scarious,  with  deltoid  base 
and  subulate  tip,  rarely  5  mm.  long.  Stems  rather  prostrate  and  with 
ascending  tips,  many  from  a  thick  and  fleshy  root,  flexuous,  2-3  ft.  long, 
growing  on  flats  where  it  is  rather  alkaline.  Being  the  first  green 
things  in  the  spring  this  species  has  the  reputation  of  being  a  loco 
weed.  From  the  southern  San  .Joaquin  valley  to  southern  California, 
and  San  Pedro  Martir,  Lower  California,  Lower  Temperate  life  zone, 
in   the   interior,   mostly. 

Astragalus  Douglasti  var.  Parishii  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  8  6  (1898). 
A.  Parishii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  19  75  (1883).  Pods  oval  to  oblong, 
oblique,  usually  apiculate,  often  5  cm.  long,  smooth  to  minutely  pubes- 
cent, nearly  round  in  cross  section.  Flowers  white.  Banner  2  mm 
longer  than  keel,  1  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  oblanceolate,  nar- 
rower than  keel.  Keel  about  4  mm.  high.  Calyx  teeth  from  half  as 
long  as  tube  to  very  short.  Leaflets  7-10  pairs,  elliptical,  obtuse,  2-3 
cm.  long,  silvery-pubescent  below.  Stems  about  2  ft  high.  From 
Antelope  Valley  southward  along  the  mountains. 

Astragalus  Douglasii  var.  glaberrimus  Jones  Cont.  7  645  (1895). 
Pods  hall-oval,  shortly  and  triangular  flat-beaked,  2.5-4  cm.  long,  round 
in  cross  section,  refiexed.  Flowers  6-10.  Racemes  very  lax.  Pe- 
duncles 1-1.5  dm.  long  including  the  rachis  which  is  two-thirds  the 
whole.  Leaflets  about  7  pairs,  linear-lanceolate,  very  sharp-pointed, 
1-2  cm.  long,  2  mm.  wide,  distant.  All  but  the  very  uppermost  leaves 
petioled.  Plants  rarely  a  foot  and  half  high,  rather  bushy  branched  at 
base.     San  Fernando  and  Los  Huevelos  Lower  California,  Brandegee. 

Astragalus  Douglasii  var.  piscinus  Jones  Cont.  7  645  (1895)  and 
Cont.  10  61  (1902).  Pods  obliquely  ovate-oblong,  2  cm.  long,  1.2  cm. 
wide,  rounded  at  base,  papery,  sulcate  ventrally,  shortly  acute,  round 
in  cross  section,  nearly  smooth,  ascending.  Flowers  purple,  1  cm. 
long,  loosely  spicate-racemose,  almost  sessile.  Banner  ascending 
sharply  to  45  degrees  remote  from  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed. 
Wings  about  7  mm.  long,  lanceolate,  arched  30  degrees,  a  trifle  longer 
than  keel.  Keel  1  mm.  shorter  than  banner,  7  mm.  long,  large,  arched 
to  erect.  Calyx  broadly  campanulate,  2  mm.  long  and  wide,  twice  as 
long  as  the  triangular  teeth.  Pedicels  very  short  and  a  half  shorter 
than  the  ovate  bracts.  Peduncles  floriferous  on  the  upper  third,  the 
racemes  5-10  cm.  long,  stiff.  Leaves  sessile.  Stems  erect.  Stipules 
minute,  not  connate.  Whole  plant  almost  smooth.  Lagoon  Head  Lower 
California,  Palmer. 

Astragalus  Douglasii  var.  Tejonensis  Jones  Cont.  7  644  (1895)  and 
Cont.  10  61  (1902).  Pods  mostly  ascending,  half-oval-ovate,  2.5-4  cm. 
long,  2-3  cm.  wide,  nearly  round  in  cross  section,  variously  reticulated, 
nearly  smooth  when  ripe.  Flowers  like  the  var.  Parishii  but  banner 
not  elongated.  Keel  tip  but  little  incurved  and  broader.  Calyx  lobes 
subulate  and  half  as  long  as  tube.  Flowers  racemose,  usually  ascend- 
ing, often  distant.  Floral  rachis  in  flower  5-7  cm.  long,  in  fruit  10-15  cm. 
long.  Peduncles  and  rachis  1-2  dm.  long,  finely  §jilcate  as  are  the 
stems.  Leaves  and  leaflets  as  in  Parishii  but  leaves  7-13  cm.  long  and 
ascending.  Leaflets  10  pairs,  not  over  2  cm.  long,  elliptical  to  oblong- 
lanceolate,  rounded  at  tip,  4-5  mm.  wide.  Proper  petioles  present. 
Plants  green  throughout  seemingly  but  really  with  the  same  minute 
pubescence  but  less  evident.  It  is  readily  separable  from  Parishii  by 
the  small-cream-colored  flowers,  long  calyx  lobes,  broad  leaflets  and 
Tre^^n  appearance.  This  is  the  common  form  along  the  mountains  north 
•^f  the  San  Bernardinos.  A.  Douglasii  can  be  separated  from  A.  macro- 
don  only  by  the  pubescence. 

63.  Astragalus  allochrous  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  366  (1878)  A. 
Wootoni  Sheldon.  Pods  half-oval,  thin-chartacfous,  slightly  if  at  all 
sulcate,  apiculate  and  barely  acute,  faintly  and  rather  closely  reticu- 
lated, apparently  smooth  when  ripe  but  really  minutely  puberulent, 
about  1.5  cm.  high   and   3  cm.  long,  with  ventral   suture  convex  only 


114  Inflati 

close  to  calyx,  jointed  to  a  minute  stipe  at  base,  ascending  or  reflexed. 
both  sutures  evident  and  nearly  alike,  the  ventral  intruded  1  mm.  deep 
or  less;  seed  talks  as  long  as  the  obliq.iely  reniform  seeds  which  are 
nearly  2  mm.  long  and  brown.  Flowers  racemose,  10-15.  Banner  l-!: 
mm.  longer  than  keel,  nearly  round,  notched,  with  sides  reflexed  below, 
arched  in  an  abrupt  curve  from  calyx  tips  to  nearly  erect.  Wings  nearlj 
linear,  arched  and  exposing  keel,  a  little  longer  than  keel,  oblique. 
Keel  ascending,  about  reaching  to  calyx  tips,  abruptly  bent  at  tip  to 
90  degrees  and  acutish.  Calyx  tube  faintly  onerved,  ashy  campanu- 
late,  not  gibbous,  3  mm.  long  and  as  long  as  the  subulate  teeth  or  a 
little  longer.  Bracts  ovate,  acute.  Pedicels  erect  in  flower  and  reflexed 
variably  to  horizontal  or  more  in  fruit,  4  mm.  long,  usually  twice 
the  bracts,  stout.  Peduncles  angled,  stout  in  fruit,  erect,  including 
floral  rachis  12-15  cm.  long  and  floriferous  on  the  upper  third.  Leaves 
5-10  cm.  long,  nearly  sessile.  Leaflets  6-9  pairs,  linear-oblong,  barely 
obtuse  at  tip  and  base  or  notched  above,  all  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
rachis,  about  1  cm  apart.  Internodes  about  2-3  cm.  long,  the  lowest 
ones  5-10  cm.  long.  Stems  rather  coarse,  2  feet  high,  tufted,  decum- 
bent, angled.  Plants  very  minutely  puberulent,  the  young  pods,  pedi- 
cels and  peduncles  hoary  at  first.  From  the  Organ  Mts.  New  Mexico 
to  the  Colorado  through  the  Mogollons.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 
Growing  on  gravelly  and  dry  benches  or  along  dry  watercourses.  This 
Is  hard  to  separate  from  robust  forms  of  A.  triflorus  except  by  the 
larger  purple  flowers  and  evidently  perennial  roots  from  a  rather 
woody  base.  Plants  distributed  by  E.  O.  Wooton  from  Mesilla  Val- 
ley April  20  1905  as  A.  Wootoni  Sheldon  are  this  species,  also  No.  34 
Metcalf  from  near  Silver  City  New  Mexico  distributed  as  A.  playanus. 
It  is  quite  possible  that  Sheldon's  type  was  mixed  with  A.  subcinereus. 

64.  Astragalus  Wetherilli  Jones  Cont.  Cont  4.  34  (1893).  Phaca 
Rydberg.  Pods  ascending,  shortly  acuminate,  half-oval-ovate,  about 
2-2.5  cm.  long  and  1  cm.  wide  and  high,  very  slightly  flattened  laterally 
and  cross  section  nearly  round  but  flat  along  the  ventral  suture,  not 
silicate,  chartaceous,  rounded  at  base  and  jointed  to  the  tip  of  a 
slender  stipe  nearly  as  long  as  calyx,  sometimes  reddish  but  not  mot- 
tled. Flowers  about  1  cm.  long,  narrow,  white  or  only  purple  tinged,  al- 
most in  heads,  ascending.  Banner  about  6  mm.  long,  oblong,  abruptly 
arched  remote  from  calyx  tips  to  45  degrees,  2  mm.  longer  than  winss, 
with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide.  Wings  nearly  linear,  arched  to 
nearly  45  degrees,  obtuse,  a  little  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  straight 
and  narrow  base  about  1  mm.  wide,  the  tip  sharply  rounded  to  a 
bo  If  circle  and  very  obtuse,  2  mm.  high,  purple  at  tip.  Calyx  narrowly 
campanulate,  the  tube  about  3  mm.  long,  acute  at  base  and  attached 
on  lower  corner,  the  subulate  teeth  nearlv  as  ling  as  tube,  nigrescent. 
Pedicels  stout,  nigrescent,  2-3  mm.  long,  about  as  long  as  the  triangular 
IjrHcts.  Peluncles  slander.  2-4  cm.  lonsr  erect,  fruiting  rachis  1-2 
cm.  long  and  rarely  with  more  than  3  pods  and  half  a  dozen  flowers. 
Leaves  4-5  cm.  long,  slender  and  thin,  nil  petioled,  the  lower  petioles 
more  than  hnlf  the  who'e.  the  tii^npr  nenrlv  hnlf.  T  ower  leaflets  neirly 
round  and  shortly-cuneate  at  the  long-petiolulate  base,  upper  leaflets 
broadly  elliptical,  about  1  cm.  long,  flat  and  thin,  rounded,  4-5  pairs 
or  the  upper  6-8  pairs,  almost  smooth.  Stems  slender,  in  dense  tufts 
rf  !i!noh  hiTincbed  woody  base,  ascerdine.  flpxuous.  about  2  ft.  high. 
Stipules  small,  not  connate.  Peduncles  in  most  of  the  axils.  Along 
the  Grand  River  near  Grand  Junction  Colorado,  and  to  Moab,  Utah, 
Miss   Eastwood.     Lower   Temperate   life   zone. 

65.  Astragalus  jejunus  Watson  Bot.  King  73  (1871).  Phaca  Ryd- 
berg. Pods  nearly  smooth,  mottled  when  in  the  sun,  flattish  to  a  tri- 
fb  s:)lc't.  venfrtillv,  faintlv  triquetrous  when  fresh,  a  little  later- 
ally flattened,  merely  apiculate,  apparently  jointed  to  a  minute  boss 
In  the  calyx  and  early  falling  from  it,  very  translucent  and  delicate  In 
texture.     Flowers   2-3,   purple-tinged,   about  1   cm.   long.     Flowers  al- 


Inflati  115 

most  the  same  as  in  A.  simplicifolius,  the  banner  oval  and  arched  to 
erect,  the  bulge  behind  less  evident,  white  spot  the  same,  sides  little 
reflexed.  Calyx  campanulate,  about  1  mm.  long,  the  triangular  teeth 
hardly  as  long.  Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  filiform,  rarely  5 
cm  long.  Leaves  strict,  not  over  7  cm.  long,  with  rigid  ascending  leaf- 
lets and  short  petioles.  Leaflets  2-5  mm.  long,  thick,  4-8  pairs,  grooved, 
sjiarp,  sessile,  the  terminal  one  mostly  not  jointed  to  the  green  rachis, 
and  like  it.  Petioles  persistent  after  the  leaflets  fall  and  rigid.  Pedi- 
cels 1-3  mm.  long.  Bracts  small.  Stipules  conspicuously  connate 
throughout,  hyaline.  Stems  an  inch  or  so  high,  much  branched,  many 
from  the  crown  of  the  thick  and  erect  root,  with  the  stipules  over- 
nping  to  the  tip  of  the  stem.  Growing  in  chiy  soil  on  bare  ridges  of 
the  bad  lands  of  western  Wyoming  north  of  the  Uintas.  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone,  along  with  Gutierrezia,  Aplopappus  acaulis,  Cog- 
wellia     etc. 

66.  Astragalus  Cusickii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  370  (1878). 
Phaca  Rydberg.  Pods  racemose,  elliptical  to  obovate,  nearly  strpi^ht. 
not  sulcate,  translucent  and  very  thin  and  papery,  with  oily  drops 
within,  red-nerved  and  stippled  above,  horizontal  to  pendulous,  3-4  ovn. 
long,  about  2-2.5  cm.  wide,  compressed  at  base,  splitting  with  age  from 
tip  to  base  and  through  the  pedicel  along  the  dorsal  suture,  also  along 
*iio  ventral  suture  at  tip  and  base,  but  not  through  the  seed  bear- 
ing portion,  tip  very  shortly  triangular  or  deltoid  and  oblique,  1-4  mm. 
long,  cross  section  half-oval,  shallow  and  very  broadly  sulcate  ventral 
ly.  Stipe  not  longer  that  calyx  and  not  jointed  to  it  and  so  pod  is  per- 
sistent even  through  the  winter  on  dead  stems.  Flowers  coarse,  about 
the  same  as  A.  stenophyllus,  nearly  horizontal,  loosely  spicate,  rather 
ff>w.  1-1.5  cm.  long,  white  turning  to  cream-colored  with  age.  Banner 
fiddle-shaped  by  being  much  contracted  about  one  third  the  way  from 
the  base,  oval,  1  cm.  long,  arched  to  90  degrees  2-4  mm.  beyond  the 
calyx  teeth,  erect  part  about  7  mm.  long,  a  little  hooded  at  tip,  water- 
I'Tied.  with  fleshy  claw,  with  sides  reflexed  to  2  mm.  widp  in  th'^ 
middle  only,  with  groove  very  deep  and  narrowed  below  and  flattening 
out  above.  Wings  arched  from  little  to  30  degrees,  obliquely  oblong-lan- 
ceolate, 1-3  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner, 
nbrut  4  mm.  wide  below  the  kepl  ti'^i  and  tapering  down  above  concave 
to  keel,  flaring  beyond.  Keel  a  little  arched,  about  4  mm  long  f blade), 
abruptly  rounded  to  nearly  90  degrees,  yellow,  with  tip  acute  and 
about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  a  little  oblique  at  base  and  with  pedi- 
cel inserted  below  the  middle  of  the  end.  truncate,  scarcely  at  all 
compressed,  white,  straight,  3  mm.  long,  broadly  campanulate,  with 
mouth  oblique,  with  teeth  rudimnntary  and  deltoid,  one  half  mm.  long. 
Bracts  minute  and  hyaline.  Pedicels  atout,  short,  some  of  them  re- 
Mexed.  Peduncles  subterminal.  stout,  long,  green,  sulcate,  a  foot  or 
less  Ions:.  Leaves  not  over  1  dm  long,  few,  spreading,  lax,  nearly  ses- 
sile,, with  green  and  rush-like  rachis.  Leaflets  deciduous,  linear  to  fili- 
form, minute  to  2.5  cm.  long,  distant,  petiolulate,  the  terminal  one  the 
simple  rachis  or  slightly  enlarged  rachis  or  a  leaflet  barely  jointed  to 
it.  6-8  pairs.  Stipules  small,  not  connate  except  at  very  base.  Stems 
erect,  sulcate,  1-2  feet  long,  rather  slender,  flexuous,  whole  plant  ap- 
pearing smooth  but  really  minutely  pubescent.  Grows  in  dense  tufts 
on  dry  rocks  on  south  slopes  in  Snake  river  canon  at  and  below  Hunt- 
ington Oregon.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  Plants  with  the  habit  of 
A.  stenophyllus,  and  stems  much  as  In  A.  junceus. 

67.  Astragalus  Hookerianus  (T.  &  G.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6 
215  (1864).  Phaca  Hookeriana  T.  &  G.  1  G93  (1840).  This  ante- 
dates A.  Hokerianus  Dietr.  A.  Sonneanus  Greene.  Pods  3-6  cm. 
long,  2-3  cm.  wide,  mostly  oblong-obovate,  a  trifle  obcompressed  when 
fresh,  tapering  into  the  stipe,  very  round  at  tip  and  minutely  apiculate, 
finely  r<^t'>uUited,  variously  mottled,  hardly  at  all  oblique,  cross  sec- 
t'on   oblate  round.      Flowers   in   loose   or   dense  heads,   inclined   to  be 


116  Inflati 

purple-tipped,  about  1  cm.  long.  Banner  very  large,  nearly  the 
whole  of  it  erect,  about  8  mm.  long  and  almost  round,  arched  gently, 
2-7  mm.  longer  than  keel,  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide.  Wings 
broad,  oblong  to  lanceolate-hmate,  about  3  mm.  wide,  rounded,  arched 
about  30  degrees.  Keel  7  mm.  long,  as  long  as  wings,  dark-tipped, 
produced  and  with  a  long  acute  and  erect  tip  1  mm.  wide.  Calyx 
tube  nigrescent,  reflexed,  shortcampanulate,  3  mm.  long,  nearly  ses- 
sile, scarcely  oblique  and  the  base  slightly  narrowed,  not  flattened, 
with  rounded  sinuses;  teeth  triangular  to  subulate,  unequal,  con- 
spicuous, about  2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  very  short  and  stout.  Bracts 
ovate,  2  mm.  long.  Peduncles  5-15  cm.  long,  hardly  longer  than  the 
leaves,  many,  in  most  of  the  axils.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  long,  the  petiole 
almost  none,  short  or  not  over  2  cm.  long.  Leaflets  6-10  pairs,  nor- 
mally about  7  mm.  long,  rarely  2.5  cm.  long,  ovate  to  linear,  rather 
thick,  acutish  to  rounded,  with  prominent  midrib,  green.  Stipules 
rather  large,  green  or  purple  above,  smaller  and  connate  below. 
Stems  decumbent  at  base,  rarely  a  foot  long,  much  branched  at  base 
and  from  long  underground  stems,  but  from  a  stout  and  erect  root. 
Internodes  rather  short  and  leaves  many  mostly.  Whole  plant  pubes- 
cent with  partly  spreading  soft  and  fine  hairs,  but  variable.  This 
grows  on  rocky  ridges  and  among  sagebrush  from  the  Middle  Temper- 
ate to  the  Upper  Temperate  life  zone,  sometimes  seemingly  alpine 
but  not  truly  so.  Common  in  the  Sierras  and  northward  from  Reno, 
possibly  in  the  Blue  Mts.  Oregon. 

Astragalus  Hookerianus  var.  Whitneyi  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  7  668 
(1895).  A.  Whitneyi  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  526  (1865).  A.  Whitneyi 
var.  pinonis  Elmer.  Pods  about  2  cm.  long  and  1.5  cm.  wide.  Flowers 
purple.  Calyx  teeth  about  1  mm  long.  Leaflets  5-9  pairs,  linear  oblong, 
4-12  mm.  long.  Whole  plant  nearly  smooth.  Same  range  as  the  type 
but  mostly  in  the  high  peaks  but  farther  south.  Tuolumne  Co.  and 
Ventura  Co.  California. 

68.  Astragalus  oxyphysus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  218  (1864). 
Phaca  Heller.  Pods  nearly  boat-shaped,  half-elliptical,  with  ventral 
suture  convex  in  the  middle  and  concave  toward  the  ends,  dorsal  su- 
ture very  convex,  the  calyx  ascending  but  pods  somewhat  drooping, 
papery,  appearing  smooth  and  translucent.  Flowers  about  15  mm. 
long,  white,  narrow,  ascending.  Banner  oblanceolate,  gently  arched 
to  erect  beyond  calyx  tips,  the  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide.  3-4 
mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  linear,  gently  arched  to  45  degrees  about 
2  mm.  longer  than  keele.  Keel  about  5  mm.  long,  with  long,  exserted 
claw,  the  base  nearly  straight,  then  gently  rounded  to  nearly  erect  with 
a  broadly  triangular  and  very  obtuse,  tip  about  3  mm.  high,  not  dark- 
tipped.  Calyx  scarcely  gibbous,  acutish  at  base  and  fleshy  at  the  in- 
sertion with  the  very  thick  pedicel,  cleft  deeper  above,  with  subulate 
teeth  about  2  mm.  long.  Leaves  1-1.5  dm.  long,  narrow,  very  short- 
petioled.  Leaflets  4-10  pairs,  not  contiguous,  1-2  cm.  long,  narrowly 
elliptical,  apiculate  and  obtuse.  Internodes  about  3  cm.  long.  Stems 
flexuous,  about  2  ft.  high,  br;inchrd  b^low  and  woody,  no-iriv  eror*. 
Pubescence  woolly-hoary  and  apnressed.  Dry  hills  throughout  the 
San  Joaquin  valley  and  over  to  San  Luis  Obispo. 

69.  Astragalus  trichopodus  (Nutt.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Arad.  6  218 
(1864).  Phaca  trichonoda  Nutt.  in  T.  &.  G.  Fl.  1  343  (1838).  Pods 
about  1.5  cm.  long,  and  6  mm.  wide  and  high,  with  cross  section  about 
round,  half-elliptical,  about  equally  triangular-acute  at  the  ends,  not 
at  all  laterally  flattened,  in  short  spikes  as  are  the  flowers.  Flower.<^ 
white,  stubby,  about  1  cm.  long.  Banner  with  erect  part  short  and 
rounded  and  arched  remote  from  calyx  tips.  Keel  and  wings  about 
equal,  nearly  as  long  as  banner.  Calyx  campanulate,  about  2  mm.  long, 
nigrescent,  with  triangular  teeth  from  a  deltoid  base  about  one  third 
as  long  as  tube  and  with  broad  sinuses.  Pedicels  slender,  2-4  mm. 
long,    longer    than    the    bracts.      p-^d'T^r-l-^f^    i-""  '',    ri'-;-!     i-n''     ';''>"  .T'^t*. 


Infiati  117 

1  eaves  nearly  sessile,  about  1  dm.  long,  narrow.  Leaflets  10-14  pairs, 
n'.iTowly  elliptical,  about  1-1.5  cm.  long,  obtuse.  Stems  weak  and 
short,  decumbent,  florlferous  throughout,  with  slender  internodes,  about 
a  foot  long.  Stipules  small.  Pubescence  rather  scanty,  appressed  and 
nearly  straight.  Santa  Barbara  and  Catalina  Island  California.  Nut- 
tall,  Lyon.  The  type  species  has  rarely  been  collected.  In  it  the  stems 
are  stouter  and  appearing  as  if  erect.  Species  confused  with  the  next 
by  Gray  and  with  A.  Antiselli.  Si;ecimens  sent  out  as  typical  got  by 
Giay  from  Santa  Paula  are  A.  Antiselli.  California  botanists  and  the 
vriter  have  also  confused  it  with  the  next. 

70.  Astragalus  capillipes  n.  s].  Pods  about  2.5  cm.  long  and  1  cm. 
high,  about  3  mm.  wide,  greatly  laterally  flattened,  half-oval,  the 
ventral  suture  a  little  convex  toward  the  tip,  apiculate.  Flowers 
1.2  cm.  long,  white,  not  stubby,  in  spikes.  Banner  oblong,  about  1 
cm.  long,  but  rather  variable,  rather  abruptly  erect  remote  from  the 
calyx,  with  sides  reflexed  above,  about  4  mm.  longer  than  wings. 
Wings  broadly  linear,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  straight 
and  tip  triangular  and  erect  and  rather  narrow,  obtuse.     Calyx  about 

2  mm.  long  and  wide,  very  oblique  at  both  ends,  truncate  at  base, 
teeth  minute  and  deltoid  one-third  to  one-fourth  as  long  as  tube. 
Pedicels  about  as  long  as  calyx  and  longer  than  the  bracts.  Pedr.n- 
rles  many,  axillary,  about  1  dm.  long,  with  pods  racemose  and  rachis 
8 bout  5  cm.  long.  Stems  erect,  2-3  ft.  high,  nearly  simple.  Stipules 
small,  triang  liar  and  green.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  about  sessile, 
with  15-20  pairs  of  narrowly  elliptical  leaflets  about  1  cm.  long,  ob- 
tuse or  notched,  nearly  contiguous,  very  minutely  pubescent  with 
short  and  fine  appressed  hairs.  The  type  is  materiiil  fi'om  Blanche 
Trask  Catalina  Island,  also  material  from  the  island  from  Brandegee. 
r  refer  here  also  No.  1338  Orcutt  from  San  Telmo  Lower  California, 
with  some  doubt.  The  character  of  stubbiness  in  a  flower  for  the 
most  part  is  a  valid  one  as  opposed  to  a  narrow  flower  with  long 
banner,  but  falls  down  in  A.  procerus,  and  may  fail  in  the  separation 
of  Crotalariae  from  vestitus,  and  lencopsis  from  what  has  been  called 
leucophyllus,  just  as  the  characters  of  wooUiness  and  silkiness  may 
fail  in  the  same  groups,  but  must  be  maintained  till  clearly  proven  t'^ 
Intergrade.  Should  this  distinction  fail  this  species  will  then  be  A. 
trichopodus  var.   capillipes. 

71.  Astragalus  leucophyllus  T.  &  G.  Fl  1  336  (1838).  Phaca  len- 
cophylla  (T.  &  G.)  Hooker  &  Amnt.  not  A.  l-'ir-onhyllus  Willd.  (1S00> 
which  is  a  synonym  of  A.  angusffolius  Lam.  (1783).  A.  asymmetricus 
Sheldon,  A.  leucopsis  var.  asymmetricus  (Sheldon)  and  var.  leucophyl- 
lus (T.  &  G.)  Jones.  Pods  a  little  more  than  half-oval,  the  ventral 
suture  being  a  little  convex  in  the  middle,  about  3  cm.  long,  on  a 
hoary  scipe  as  long  as  p^od,  tip  pnd  base  deltoid  or  barely  poinited,  In- 
clined to  be  a  little  obcompressed.  pendent.  Flowers  1  cm.  long, 
many,  ascending.  Banner  nearly  round  to  oval,  about  5  mm.  long, 
gently  arched  from  calyx  ti)is  to  45  degrees,  with  sides  reflexed  about 
1  mm.  wide  in  the  middle,  barely  1  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  half- 
elliptical,  veiny,  obtuse,  about  2  mm.  wide,  about  as  long  as  keel. 
Keel  about  4  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  the  base  a  little  arched  and 
then  rounded  to  erect  and  tin  cut  off  nearly  square,  about  3  mm.  high 
at  tip,  not  colored.  Calyx  tube  oblong  campanulate,  about  5  mm.  long 
and  3  mm.  high,  not  oblique  below  and  barely  so  above,  nearly  equally 
inserted  on  the  thick  pedicels  at  the  fleshy  base,  cleft  deeper  above, 
teeth  subulate  from  a  deltoid  base,  about  half  as  long  as  tube. 
Fruiting  pedicels  about  4  mm.  long,  as  long  as  the  lanceolate  hyaline 
bracts  which  are  conspicuous.  Peduncles  about  1  dm.  long  and  half  as 
long  as  fruiting  rachis,.  Leaves  6-8  cm.  long,  not  narrow,  nearly  ses- 
sile, rigid,  with  stout  and  channeled  rachis.  Leaflets  thick,  nearly 
linear,  about  2  cm.  long,  rounded,  or  acutish,  nearly  contiguous.  14-18 
pairs.     Stipules   rather  falcate   triangular,   5-8   mm.   lone,   rieid.   erect, 


118  Inflati 

not  connate.  Stems  rather  stout  and  sulcate,  2-3  ft.  high,  with  inter- 
uodes  rarely  3  cm.  long,  flexuous,  from  a  woody  base.  Pubescence 
variably  hoary.  Lower  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  valleys  and  over 
to  Monterey  and  San  Luis  Obispo.     Not  often  collected. 

72.  Astragalus  curtipes  Gray  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  3  103  (1868).  A. 
leucopsis  var.  curtipes  Jones.  Iragacantha  Kuntze.  Pods  half-oval- 
ovate,  3-4  cm.  long  and  2  cm.  wide,  sulcate  ventrally,  sharply  triangular- 
acute,  truncate  at  base  or  very  abruptly  contracted  into  a  stipe  as  long 
as  calyx  and  set  at  right  angles  to  it,  nearly  erect,  translucent  and 
very  thin  and  greatly  inflated,  rather  few  on  a  short  rachis.  Flowers 
white,  with  exserted  claws,  in  a  short  spike  2-4  cm.  long,  soon  reflexed 
but  calyx  ascending  in  fruit.  Banner  broadly  elliptical,  7-8  mm.  long, 
arched  remotely  from  calyx  to  45  degrees,  with  sides  reflexed  about 
1  mm.  wide  in  the  middle,  about  2  mm.  longer  tuan  wmgs,  not  very 
fleshy.  Wings  broadly  linear,  obtuse,  arched  a  little,  vemy,  about  1 
mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  arched  from  base  to  about  a  half  circle, 
very  obtuse,  about  4  mm.  high  and  long.  Calyx  tube  campanulate,  4 
mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  rather  truncate  at  base  and  inserted  near 
the  lower  corner,  cleft  deeper  above  and  oblique,  the  triangular  nig- 
rescent teeth  a  little  unequal  and  a  little  over  half  as  long  as  tube. 
Pedicels  stout,  about  as  long  as  the  ovate  to  lanceolate  bracts,  2  mm. 
long.  Peduncles  1-2  dm.  long,  3-4  times  as  long  as  fruiting  rachis. 
Leaves  slender,  and  not  rigid,  6-10  cm.  long,  narrow,  with  slender 
rachis,  and  petioles  even  the  upper  2  cm.  long.  Leaflets  broadly  linear, 
not  thick,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  rounded,  not  contiguous,  about  15  pairs. 
Internodes  rarely  3  cm.  long.  Stems  rather  slender,  erect  or  ascending 
from  a  woody  base,  often  with  very  short  internodes  and  leaves  con- 
gested later  in  the  season,  1-2  ft.  high.  Stipules  conspicuous,  hyaline, 
connate  throughout,  often  1  cm.  long.  Pubescence  veiy  minute  and 
ashy.  San  Luis  Obispo  California.  This  has  been  much  confused.  It 
is  described  by  Gray  as  having  pendulous  pods,  but  this  seems  to  be  due 
to  the  reversal  of  the  pods  which  sometimes  occurs  in  pressing.  The 
leaflets  are  described  as  refuse  and  13-33,  they  arc  seldom  notched  and 
the  pairs  are  many.  Most  of  the  material  referred  to  this  belongs  with 
leucopsis. 

73.  Astragalus  leucopsis  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  694  (1840)  as  Phaca  and 
Torr.  Mex.  Bound.  56  t.  16  (1859).  Phaca  canescens  Nutt.,  Tragacan- 
tha  Kuntze.  Pods  oblately  half-oval  and  very  obtuse  at  both  ends, 
merely  apiculate  and  about  2.5  cm.  long  and  1.5  cm.  wide  in  the 
type,  with  the  ventral  suture  somewhat  arched  and  sulcate,  papery 
and  translucent,  abruptly  rounded  to  the  stipe  which  is  about  1  cm. 
long,  cross  section  seemingly  about  round  but  a  little  flattened  above, 
but  really  triangular-obcordate  when  fresh,  about  pendent.  Flowers 
1-1.5  cm.  long,  rather  thick  and  in  the  type  stubby  with  the  banner 
but  little  longer  than  the  wings,  and  ascending  about  45  degrees 
to  90  degrees  remote  from  calyx  tips,  greenish  cream  colored,  loose- 
ly spicate.  Banner  boardly  ovate,  with  sides  reflexed  above  and 
6-8  mm.  long,  petals  with  claws  inclined  to  be  exserted.  Wings 
narrowly  obtuse,  nearly  straight,  close  pressed  to  keel  and  then 
flaring  above,  arched  a  little,  about  2  mm.  wide  and  2  mm.  longer 
than  keel  or  less,  half-oblanceolate.  Keel  about  5  mm.  long,  with 
rather  convex  base  and  then  abruptly  rounded  to  erect,  the  tip  tri- 
angular, obtuse  and  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  hyaline,  inserted  on 
the  lower  corner  and  rather  truncate  but  not  oblique  when  fresh,  a 
little  narrowed  at  mouth  and  cleft  deeper  above,  a  little  laterally 
flattened,  about  3  mm.  long  and  nearly  as  high,  teeth  subulate,  un- 
eniial  and  little  longer  than  half  the  tube.  Pedicels  stout,  about  2 
mm.  long  and  as  long  as  the  triangular-subulate  greenish  bracts  with 
reflexed  tips.  Peduncles  strict,  often  a  foot  long,  sulcate,  rather 
lo^ie:.  nearly  sessile,  with  slender  rachis.  Leaflets  elliptical,  mostly 
notched,  flat   and   rather  thin,   long-petiolulate   and   cuneate   at  base, 


Inflati  119 

1215  pairs,  nearly  contiguous,  about  1  cm.  long,  obtuse.  Stems  2-3 
ft.  high,  woody  below  and  trunk  often  an  inch  in  diameter.  Internodes 
short  and  leaves  many,  erect.  Stipules  rigid,  reflexed,  green,  rarely 
5  ,mm.  long.  Common  throughout  southern  California  and  possibly 
in  the  upper  San  Joaquin  valley,  also  extending  on  the  islands  along 
the  coast,  to  Ensenada  Mexico,  reaching  up  into  the  Lower  Temperate 
life  zone  on  Cajon  Pass.  A.  leucopsis  var.  brachypus  (var.  curtus 
Sheldon)  Greene  is  a  form  of  this  with  stipe  not  longer  than  calyx. 

Astragalus  leucopsis  var.  lonchus  n.  var.  This  is  a  slender  form 
with  pods  half-elliptical,  about  3  cm.  long  and  1  cm.  high  on  a  stipe 
fully  1  cm.  long  or  more.  Flowers  about  2  cm.  long,  with  elongated 
banner  and  wings,  the  banner,  4-6  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  3-4  mm. 
longer  than  wings,  often  purple-tinged,  and  keel  purple-tipped.  Flow- 
ers in  heads  on  the  ends  of  long  peduncles  This  is  my  No.  3083  from 
San  Diego.  My  no.  3675  distributed  as  A.  curtipes  is  an  intergrading 
form.  Common  with  the  type.  A  shrub  with  stems  often  an  inch  in 
diameter. 

Astragalus  leucopsis  var.  fastidius  (Kell.)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  (1902). 
Phaca  fastidia  Kell.  Hesperian  4  145  (18G0).  A.  fastidius  (Kell.) 
Jones,  A.  fastidiosus  Greene.  Pods  half-oblong-ovate,  about  3  cm.  long 
and  1-1.2  cm.  high,  acuminate  with  an  upturned  tip,  and  deltoid  to 
truncate  at  base  and  with  stipe  hardly  longer  than  calyx.  Flowers 
few  and  racemose.  Stems  white-hoary,  leaflets  nearly  smooth  above. 
Islands  off  the  coast  of  Lower  California. 

74.  Astragalus  lutosiis  Jones  Cont.  13  8  (1910).  Pods  much  in- 
flated, 2.5-3  cm.  Icng  and  about  1.5  cm.  high  and  wide,  papery  and 
translucent,  lying  flat  on  the  ground,  reddish,  not  mottled,  oblong-oval 
to  ovate-oval,  obliquely  triangular-acute  at  tip  and  a  little  narrowed 
below,  the  tip  inclined  to  turn  up  and  the  base  down,  sulcate  at  both 
sutures  but  mostly  along  the  ventral  which  is  intruded  2  mm.  deep, 
( ross  section  triangularreniform  to  round-reniform,  jointed  to  a  stipe 
shorter  thnn  the  calyx.  Flowers  few,  white,  in  a  head  which  is  nearly 
sessile  in  the  axils.  Banner  white,  1  cm.  long,  arched  abruptly  to  45 
to  80  degrees  4  mm.  beyond  calyx  tips,  thin,  with  sides  reflexed  most 
below  and  2  mm.  wide,  not  at  all  at  tip  and  the  banner  appears  fid- 
dle-shaped, groove  very  deep  and  V-shaped,  little  if  at  all  narrower 
or  flattened  at  tip.  notched  deep,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  wings  and  3 
mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  oblong-linear,  about  7  mm.  long  and  2 
mm.  wide,  arched  to  30  degrees  in  a  gentle  arc,  a  trifle  wider  above  and 
oblique  at  tip,  notched  on  the  lower  side  at  tip,  rounded,  white,  faintly 
purple-veined  below,  folding  over  the  keel  tip.  Keel  2  mm.  long  and 
2  mm.  high,  very  flat,  lunate,  the  triangular  tip  and  base  about  equal 
purple.  Calyx  hyaline,  reddish,  cylindrical,  much  laterally  flattened, 
the  tube  about  7  mm.  long  and  8  mm.  high,  with  straight  base  and 
upper  side  arched,  not  oblique  below,  equally  inserted, mouth  a  trifle 
contracted  and  a  little  oblique,  notched  deeper  above,  nigrescent 
Teeth  triangular,  about  1-2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  stout  about  2  mm.  long, 
PS  long  as  the  triangular  bracts.  Fruiting  peduncles  about  2.5  cm.  long, 
with  1-4  pods.  Leaves  when  fully  developed  about  7  cm  long,  broad, 
with  slender  petioles  nearly  as  long  as  rachis.  Leaflets  about  12 
nnirs,  mostly  folded,  oval,  about  7  mm.  long,  rounded,  shortly-petio- 
I'llate,  with  fine  and  dense  appressed  hairs,  hoary.  Stems  almost  fili- 
form, about  1  dm.  long,  almost  wholly  underground,  with  1-3  nodes 
above  ground,  with  large  oval  to  oblate  stipules  not  connate  and  about 
4-5  mm.  long.  Stems  several  to  many  from  the  crown  of  a  large,  thick 
fleshy  erect  root.  Growing  in  the  poorest  white  shale  on  bare  places 
at  the  foot  of  cliffs  but  not  in  loose  debris,  and  on  ridges.  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone  on  the  White  river  western  Colorado  north  of  Dragon. 
In  fruit  in  May,  blooming  very  early. 

75.  Astragalus  megacarpus  (Nutt.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  215  (1864). 
Phaca  megacarpa  Nutt.  in  T.  &.  G.  Fl.  1  343  (1838).    Pods  nearly  6  cm. 


120  Inflati 

long,  oblong-oval  to  oblong-ovate,  sulcate  ventrally  and  a  little  ob- 
lique, prow-like  tipped,  rather  truncate  at  the  somewhat  narrowed  or 
abruptly  rounded  base,  round  to  oval-reniform  in  cross  section,  with 
stipe  2-7  mm.  long  but  shorter  than  calyx.  Ventral  suture  a  mere 
sharp-edged  line  externally.  Flowers  2.5  cm.  long,  white,  thin.  Banner 
narrowly-oval,  about  1  cm.  long  nearly  flat,  arched  abruptly  to  80 
degrees  or  erect  at  the  end  of  calyx  tube  or  teeth  and  with  very 
broad  groove.  Wings  linear,  nearly  straight,  rounded,  about  1-2  mm. 
wide  and  3-4  mm.  shorter  than  the  banner,  and  nearly  as  much  longer 
than  keel,  concave  to  keel  and  flaring.  White  spot  of  banner  trian- 
gular and  with  obscure  purple  veins  going  nearly  to  the  upper  third  of 
banner.  Keel  about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  but  little  surpassing  calyx, 
arched  to  a  half  circle  from  base,  the  tip  triangular  and  obtuse  and  a 
little  darker  colored.  Calyx  tube  cylindrical,  nigrescent  with  scattered 
and  very  short  hairs,  about  1  cm.  long  and  3-4  mm.  high,  a  little  flat- 
tened laterally,  narrowed  a  little  at  tip  and  deeper  cleft  with  a  sharp 
sinus,  the  upper  side  a  little  convex  in  the  middle  with  the  base 
straight,  deltoid  and  fleshy  and  attached  just  below  the  middle  of  the 
end,  teeth  narrowly  triangular  and  about  half  as  long  as  tube.  Pedi- 
cels 5-8  mm.  long,  mostly  bracteate,  several  times  as  long  as  the 
ovate  to  triangular  bracts.  Peduncles  almost  none  in  flower,  about 
5-8  cm.  long  in  fruit,  filiform,  with  a  few  ascending  and  racemose  flow- 
ers close  together  near  the  end.  Leaves  1-1.5  dm.  long,  narrow.  Peti 
oles  nearly  half  the  whole  and  persisting  for  several  years  at  the  crown 
Leaflets  thin,  oval  to  elliptical  and  tending  to  ovate  and  notched, 
about  1  cm.  long,  shortly  cuneate  and  petiolulate.  Stems  prostrate  :'n 
small  tufts,  many,  only  a  few  inches  long,  from  a  stout  and  long  fleshy 
root.  Stipules  inclined  to  be  imbricated,  triangular,  hyaline,  very 
broad  below  and  short,  not  over  5  mm.  long.  This  grows  in  the 
bad  lands  of  Wyoming  north  of  the  Uintas  to  Sapinero  Colorado  around 
the  edges  of  the  Navajo  Basin  in  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  on 
the  poorest  of  clay  soil  in  little  gulches  mostly,  and  on  sharp  slopes 
where  there  Is  a  little  alkali.  It  blooms  very  early  in  the  spring,  and 
the  enormous  pods  (the  largest  in  the  genus)  which  are  wholly  out 
of  proix)rtion  to  the  size  of  the  plants  soon  blow  off  and  lodge  in  the 
surrounding  tufts  of  grass  or  weeds.     It  is  a  very  variable  species. 

Astragalus  megacarpus  van.  Parry!  Gray  Bot.  Cal.  1  148  (1876). 
A-  megacarpus  var.  prodigus  Sheldon.  This  differs  in  no  ])articular 
from  the  species  except  that  the  flowers  are  1.5  cm.  long  and  pur])le- 
tipped  with  banner  beautifully  purple-veined,  wings  linear-oblanceo- 
late  and  about  2  mm.  wide  and  keel  base  straight  and  purple-tip])ed. 
Calyx  tube  5-6  mm.  long,  rather  narrowed  below  and  teeth  often  only 
a  third  the  tube  and  triangular.  The  pubescence  varies  from  none  to 
densely  hoary  with  rough  and  very  short  and  appressed  hairs  on  the 
younger  parts.  Leaflets  about  5  mm.  long  and  round  to  oblong, 
notched  to  apiculate.  Pods  generally  smaller.  Theodore,  Gunnison, 
Vermilion,  Sevier  Bridge,  Cedar  City,  Elk  Ranch  on  the  upper  Vir- 
gin Utah.  Lenimon,  Rusby  and  Toumey  also  collected  it  in  northern 
Arizona  around  the  San  Francisco  peaks.  This  grows  under  oak 
brush  near  Tropic,  but  in  other  places  in  draws  of  the  barren  clay 
slopes  of  the  Tertiary  clay  strata,  locally  abundant,  but  rare  gen- 
erally.    Rusby's   flowers   are  yellow   when   dry. 

76  Astragalus  oophorus  Watson  Bot.  King  73  (1871).  A.  artipea 
Gray,  Phaca  Rydberg.  Pods  obliquely  oval-ovate,  about  3  cm.  long 
and  2  cm.  wide  and  nearly  as  high,  papery  to  nearly  coriaceous,  either 
flattish  on  the  ventral  suture  or  somewhat  sulcate,  the  suture  straight 
or  a  little  convex,  apiculate,  deltoid  to  triangular-tipped,  either  trun- 
cate or  deltoid  at  base,  drooping,  cross  section  cordate-obovate,  ven- 
tral auttire  raised  as  a  thin  wing  2  mm.  high  or  varying  to  a  sharp 
edge  only,  inclined  to  be  upcurved,  pod  often  boat-shaped  and  then  a 
little  laterally  flattened,  Jointed  to  stipe  at  base  or  somewhat  produced 


Inflati  121 

into  a  stipe  which  is  jointed  and  then  produced  as  a  stipe  which  is 
about  as  long  as  calyx,  the  whole  stipe  as  long  as  or  twice  as  long 
as  calyx  tube.  Flowers  in  the  type  cream-colored  almost  exactly  as 
as  in  A.  Beckwithii,  shortly  racemose,  about  10,  ascending,  about  1.5 
cm.  long,  rather  wide.  Banner  oval  to  broadly  oblong,  arched  abrupt- 
ly to  45  to  90  degrees,  remote  from  calyx  tips,  nearly  1  cm.  long,  with 
sides  reflexed  in  the  middle  and  so  appearing  fiddle-shaped,  the  erect 
part  a  little  humped  near  the  middle  by  the  half-conical  sulcus.  Wings 
2-3  mm.  shorter  than  banner  and  nearly  as  much  longer  than  keel, 
about  2  mm.  wide  and  linear.  Keel  with  exserted  claw,  about  3  mm. 
long  and  high,  very  obtuse  and  arched  to  a  half  circle,  barely  darker 
tipped.  Calyx  tube  campanulate,  about  4  mm.  long  and  high,  nearly 
equally  inserted  at  the  rounded  and  slightly  oblique  and  fleshy  base, 
cleft  a  little  deeper  above  with  a  broad  sinus  but  hardly  oblique, 
all  the  sinuses  rounded,  and  teeth  filiform  and  as  long  as  tube. 
Pedicels  3-4  mm.  long,  nearly  as  long  as  the  lanceolate  and  hyaline 
bracts.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  narrow  and  rather  rigid,  with  pet- 
iole decidedly  shorter  than  the  rachis.  Leaflets  4-12  pairs,  from  round 
to  oblong-elliptical,  always  with  cuneate  base,  1-2  cm.  long,  smooth 
and  leathery,  glaucous.  Stipules  triangular-falcate,  rathfM-  rigid  and 
spreading,  not  over  5  mm.  long.  Stems  slender,  in  tufts,  rarely  a 
foot  long,  flexuous,  with  congested  lower  nodes,  leafy,  the  upper  in- 
lernodes  rarely  3  cm.  long,  ascending  or  the  central  ones  erect,  from 
an  erect,  slender,  fleshy  root.  Common  on  gravelly  sloi)es  in  desert 
regions  from  Gunnison  Colorado  to  the  Sierras,  northward  through 
LTtah  Valley  Utah  and  the  Reese  river  Nevada,  southward  to  the 
Mogollon  plateau  Arizona  and  the  Charleston  Mts.  and  Death  Valley. 
Lower  Tenii)erate  life  zone.  This  and  A.  Beckwithii  inhabit  the  same 
regions  but  do  not  grow  together  nor  seem  to  hybridize.  The  south- 
ern forms  are  mostly  the  var.  artipes.  Bailey's  specimen  mentioned 
in  Coville's  Death  Valley  Rep.  is  A.  megacarpus. 

Astragalus  oophorus  var.  caulescens  (Jones  Cont.  7  643  (1895) 
(1878)  as  species).  This  has  purple  banner  and  keel  and  white  wings, 
calyx  teeth  triangul-^r  and  about  half  as  long  as  tube,  tube  often 
7  mm.  long  and  4  mm.  high,  pods  inclined  to  be  acuminate  into  the 
stipe,  papery  and  much  mottled.  This  is  the  common  form  of  the 
■southern    range. 

Astragalus  oophorus  var.  caulescens  (Jnes  Cont.  7  643  (1895)  as 
metacarpus  var.)  This  is  a  form  with  nearly  coriaceous  pods  acu- 
minate at  both  ends,  barely  mottled,  and  calyx  teeth  as  long  as  tube, 
and  which  begins  to  approach  A.  Beckwithii,  Webe  rQuarry,  Loa,  Loa 
Pass  Utah.     Glenwood   Springs,  Colorado. 

77.  Astragalus  Beckwithii  T.  &  G.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  2  pt  2  120  t. 
3  (1855).  Pods  oblong  and  obliquely  acuminate,  2.5-4  cm.  long,  7-10 
mm.  wide,  cross  section  Y-shaped  by  being  bisulcate  ventrally  and  the 
suture  raised  as  a  sharp  and  strong  rib,  concavely  triquetrous  mostly, 
rather  reniform  in  the  var.  Weiserensis,  a  little  fleshy  when  fresh, 
transversely  rugulose  or  smoothish,  dorsal  side  a  little  convex  or  flat 
or  a  trifle  sulcate,  in  the  type  not  puliiy  within  when  fresh,  often 
minutely  and  sparsely  black-hairy,  with  stipe  about  as  long  as  calyx 
and  then  jointed  to  the  tapering  and  stipe-like  base  of  pod.  Flowers 
crowded  in  short  racemes,  cream-colored  in  the  type,  about  1.5-2  cm. 
long,  6-10.  Banner  abruptly  arched  about  4  mm.  beyond  calyx  tips 
and  opposite  the  end  of  keel  to  erect,  oblong,  deeply  notched,  with 
sides  reflexed  only  in  the  middle,  and  fiddle-shaped,  waterlined:  groove 
broadly  V-shai)ed  above,  a  half  circle  below  and  making  the  lower 
part  of  banner  very  convex  externally  and  club-shaped  above  the 
JTincture  with  the  fleshy  claw,  the  blade  about  12  mm.  loni^'and  i  mm. 
wide.  Wings  obliquely  oblanceolate,  narrowed  and  nearly  acute  at 
tip,  3-4  mm.  wide,  about  7  mm.  longer  than  keel.     Keel  faintly  purple- 


122  Inflati 

veined,  3-4  mm.  long  and  high,  arched  into  about  a  half  circle,  on 
a  rather  long-exserted  claw.  Calyx  oblongcampanulate,  4-7  mm. 
long,  nigrescent,  the  triangular-subulate  teeth  about  as  long  as  tube 
but  variable.  Pedicels  2-4  mm.  long  with  bracts  ovate  to  lanceolate 
2-5  mm.  long  and  hyaline.  Peduncles  5-15  cm.  long,  rarely  as  long 
as  leaves,  stout.  Leaves  with  variable  petioles  but  never  as  long 
as  rachis,  1-2  dm.  long,  the  rachis  and  peduncles  coarsely  sulcate. 
Leaflets  6-12  pairs,  round  to  rather  broadly  elliptical,  shortly  petio- 
lulate,  veinless,  rounded  to  notched,  2-15  mm.  long.  Stipules  ovate 
to  triangular-subulate,  not  connate,  spreading  and  rather  stiff,  rarely 
5  mm.  long.  Stems  tufted  from  a  branched  and  woody  root,  as- 
cending, branched  below,  a  few  inches  to  2  ft.  high,  the  pods  about 
pendent  on  the  nearly  horizontal  peduncles.  Growing  on  gravelly 
slopes  and  flats  in  rather  poor  soil.  From  western  Wyoming  on  the 
bad  lands  and  the  western  base  of  the  Wasatch  through  San  Pete 
and  Sevier  Valley  to  Cedar  City  and  Pioche  Nevada  and  northwest- 
ward to  the  Tukenon  river  Washington  and  Spence's  Bridge  B.  C. 
and  the  Snake  River  valley  and  Lewiston,  Idaho,  more  common  at 
the  north.     Lower  Temperate   life  zone. 

Astragalus  Beckwithii  van.  purpureus  Jones  Cont.  3  288  (1893). 
A.  artemisiarum  Jones.  Pods  filled  with  pulp  when  young  and 
becoming  very  rigid  when  ripe.  Flowers  with  purple  banner  and 
keel  and  bases  of  wings,  white  spot  purple-veined.  Wings  obliquely 
ovate.  Leaflets  inclined  to  be  diamond-shaped,  not  over  1.2  cm.  long, 
about  1  cm.  wide.     This  is  the  common  form  in  eastern  Nevada. 

Astragalus  Beckwithii  var.  Weiserensis  Jones  Cont.  9  47  (1900). 
Pods  little  mottled,  coriaceous,  about  4  mm.  high,  1  cm.  wide  and 
2.5  cm.  long,  arcuate  to  about  one  third  circle,  pungently  acute,  oblong- 
elliptical,  ventral  suture  raised  as  a  wing  1  mm.  high.  Flowers  few, 
racemose  to  almost  capitate,  al)0ut  2-2.5  cm.  long,  not  colored,  thick. 
Banner  abruptly  arched  at  calyx  tips,  about  4  mm.  longer  than  wings. 
Wings  boardly  linear  to  elliptical-oblanceolate  3-4  mm.  wide,  3-4 
mm.  longer  than  keel,  almost  acute.  Calyx  tube  about  4  mm.  long 
and  high,  with  the  narrowly-linear  teeth  as  long  as  tube  as  in  A. 
megacarpus.  Bracts  about  1  cm.  long,  two  to  three  times  as  loni? 
as  the  pedicels.  Peduncles  about  half  as  long  as  the  leaves.  Leaves 
about  2  dm.  long,  with  6-8  pairs  of  elliptical  to  obcordate  leaflets, 
mostly  2  cm.  long.  Stipules  very  large,  deltoid,  1  cm.  long.  Stems 
rather  stout  a  foot  long,  decumbent.  Cxrowing  under  the  sngebrush 
at  Weiser  Idaho,  on  the  edge  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 
This  has  many  of  the  characteristics  of  A.  megacarpus  as  to  flowers 
and  general  habit.  Though  there  are  certain  marked  differences  in 
pods  the  remarkable  similarity  in  flowers  and  general  habit  shows  that 
all  the  species  of  this  group  are  intimately  related.  Watson's  No. 
271  is  a  mixture  of  material,  that  from  the  Coyote  Mts.  Nevada  is 
this   variety  in   all   probability. 

78.  Astragalus  triquetrus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  367  (1878). 
A.  Geyeri  var.  triquetrus  (Gray)  Jones.  Pods  somewhat  arcuate- 
oblong,  deltoid-acute  at  tip,  and  obtuse  but  somewhat  narrowed  at 
base,  about  6  mm.  high  and  3  mm.  wide,  deeply  sulcate  dorsally,  and 
with  suture  slightly  produced  below  the  middle,  with  flat  sides,  the 
ventral  suture  a  little  concave  and  a  mere  line,  the  tij)  flat,  finely 
nerved  and  smooth.  Flowers  minute,  white,  those  of  A.  Geyeri. 
Peduncles  axillary,  very  slender  and  much  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Leaves  3-5  cm.  long,  short-petioled,  many,  divaricate.  Leaflets  about 
4  pairs,  elliptical.  5-8  mm.  long.  Stems  flexuous,  1-2  dm.  long,  freely 
branched,  spreading  from  a  slender  annual  root.  Internodes  1-3  cm. 
long.  Pubescence  ashy.  Sandy  deserts  of  southeastern  Nevada. 
Tropical. 


Inflati  128 

79.  Astragalus  Craigi  Jones  Cout.  9  42  (1900).  Pods  a  little  arched 
nearly  2  cm.  long,  about  6  mm.  wide  and  high,  triangular-acute  at 
both  ends,  the  tip  a  little  upturned  and  flat,  the  base  straight, 
when  young  laterally  flattened  but  when  mature  decidedly  inflated 
and  translucent,  the  cross  section  nearly  oval-reniform,  slightly  to 
deeply  sulcate  dorsally  and  suture  produced  as  a  thin  edge  but 
hardly  one  half  mm.  high,  nearly  smooth.  Flowers  white  about  7 
mm.  long,  arched.  Banner  purple-veined,  about  4  mm.  long,  oval, 
abruptly  arched  to  erect  at  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm. 
wide.  Wings  oblong,  ascending,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  a 
little  exceeding  the  calyx,  rounded  and  obtuse,  short,  incurved  with 
erect  and  straight  tip.  Calyx  tube  campanulate,  2  mm.  long,  and 
oblique,  narrowed,  slender,  2  mm.  long.  Bracts  minute,  trian:4ular. 
Peduncles  axillary,  1-3  cm.  long  and  as  long  as  the  floral  raehis, 
6-8  flowered,  sulcate.  Leaves  about  7  cm.  long.  Leaflets  4-.")  nairs, 
obovate,  long-petiolulate,  inclined  to  be  a  little  alternate  below 
notched,  thickish,  7-10  mm.  long.  Stems  perennial  and  widely 
spreading,  branched,  with  internodes  2-3  cm.  long,  about  a  loot  long. 
Stipules  small,  green,  not  connate.  Pubescence  almost  none,  hairs 
snort  and  appressed.  John  Day  river  Oregon,  May  1885,  Howell. 
Named  for  Prof.  Craig  in  whose  herbarium  it  was  found.  Middle 
Temperate   life   zone. 

80.  Astragalus  lentiginosus  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1 
151  (1834)  Cystium  Rydberg.  Pods  oblique,  with  oblique  and  mostly 
upcurved  tips,  sulcate  at  both  sutures,  often  didymous.  Flowers  with 
large  keel.  This  is  the  most  variable  of  all  Astragali.  It  I'anges 
from  the  Middle  Temperate  peaks  to  the  Tropical  deserts.  The 
varieties  are  best  arranged  under  the  following  key. 

Flowers  in  heads.  Clearly  perennial. 
Pods  in  heads. 

Pods  translucent  or  papery. 

Stems  prostrate  or  much  elongated.     Flowers  narrow,  not   over    i    cm. 
long,  white  or  purple-tinged.     Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Pods  long-pointed,  from  ovate  and  hooked  to  linear.     Leaflets  obo- 
vate. A.  lentiginosus  and  Var.  diaphanus. 
Pods  very  short-pointed,  globose  or  nearly  so,  little  over  i  cm.  long. 
Vars  ineptus,  albifolius  and  Sierrse. 
Stems  ascending  to  erect.  Vars.  MacDougali  and  nigricalycis. 
Pods  chartaceous  or  coriaceous,  not  translucent. 

Pods  narrow  and  much  arched  or  hooked,  but  little  inflated,  small. 

Vars.  scorpionis,  Idriensis  and  carinatus. 
Pods  large,  ovate  to  oval.  Vars.  diphysus  and  latus. 

Pods  in  spikes.  Var.  palans. 

Flowers  and  pods  in  racemes  or  at  least  not  heads.     Plants  inclined  to  be  bien- 
nial and  blooming  as  winter  annuals.     Mostly  Tropical. 
Pods  in  long  racemes,  lanceolate,   acuminate,  incompletely  2-celled,  the  dor- 
sal suture  not  being  fully  intruded  along  the  middle  and  not  at  all  at 
tip,  but  little  inflated.  Vars.  Mokiacensis  and  Borreganus. 

Pods  broadly  ovate  and  large,  much  inflated  and  mottled.  Racemes  short. 
Banner  and  wings  longer  than  keel.  Stems  flexuous  and  widely  spread- 
ing.    Leaflets  inclined  to  be  obovate  and  silvery-pnbescent. 

Vars.  Coulteri,  Fremonti  and  Yuccanus. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  typical.  Pods  ovate  and  acuminate  with 
up-turned  flat  beak,  about  2  cm.  long,  1  cm.  wide,  often  mottled, 
with  cross  section  about  round.  Leaflets  nearly  smooth,  about  8 
pairs.  Peduncles  In  most  of  the  axils  and  very  short.  Leaves  5-10 
cm.  long,  narrow.  Occasional  in  the  Columbia  Basin  in  the  valleys. 
Middle  and  Lower  Temperate  life  zones. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  diaphanus  (Dougl.)  Jones  Cont.  7 
675  (1895).     A.  diaphanus  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am  .1  151    (1834). 


124  Inflati 

Pods  linear  and  laterally  compressed,  about  2  cm.  long,  incurved, 
traslucent  and  very  thin.  Lower  Columbia  Basin,  Lower  Temperate 
life  zone.     Seldom  collected. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  inepitus  (Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  525 
(1865)      as     species.)  Leaflets     narrowly     to     broadly     elliptical. 

Common  in  the  sagebrush  valleys  along  the  eastern  face  of  the  Sier- 
ras from  Walker  Lake  northward.  A.  lentiginosus  var.  floribundus 
Gray  is  a  form  with  acuminate  pods,  and  A.  salinus  is  a  form  with 
broad  leaflets  and  short  globose  pods,  both  inter-grading  with  the 
type.  Forms  with  broader  flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long  and  large 
leaflets  and  papery  pods  nearly  2  cm.  long  from  Wyoming  and  Utah 
inter-grade  freely  with  the  var.  diphysus.  Lower  Temperate  life 
zone,   in   rather  alkaline   places. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  aibifoiius  n.  var.  This  is  a  form  with 
filiform  peduncles  5-6  cm.  long,  little  white  flowers  about  8  mm.  long, 
broad  sessile  leaves  about  8  cm.  long,  pods  oval-ovate  and  apiculate, 
narrowly-elliptical,  long-petiolulate,  silvery-white  leaflets  about  1.5  cm. 
long,  with  closely  appressed  pubescence  of  short  white  hairs,  and  stems 
2-3  ft.  long.  Internodes  long.  It  is  a  remarkable  variation.  Lone 
Pine  Owen's  Valley  California  in  alkaline  meadows.  Lower  Tem- 
perate  life   zone. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  Sierrse  n.  var.  Pods  mottled,  single  to 
few  1.2-1.5  cm.  long  and  almost  sessile  in  the  axils  on  very 
short  and  stoiii  peduncles,  leaves  all  petioled,  about  3  cm.  long,  with 
about  8  pairs  of  oblong-obovate  thick  and  smooth  leaflets  closely 
touching,  and  with  short  internodes.  Stems  about  a  foot  long.  Root 
thick  and  woody.  In  gravelly  soil  Bear  Valley  California.  Middle 
Temperate  life   zone,   in  open  spaces. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  MacDougali  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont. 
7  673  (1895).  A.  McDougali  Sheldon  Minn.  Stud.  9  169  (1894).  Pods 
densely  clustered,  many,  globose,  about  7-10  mm.  long  and  wide,  very 
abruptly  and  obliquely  flat  tipped,  on  subterminal  stout  peduncles 
nearly  as  long  as  leaves.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  with  nearly  10  pairs 
of  smooth  oval  to  elliptical  leaflets  about  1  cm.  long.  Stems  about 
erect,  a  foot  high,  branched  below.  San  Francisco  Mts.  Arizona. 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  nigricalycis  Jones  Cont.  7  674  (1895.) 
Pods  few  at  the  ends  of  peduncles  about  as  long  as  leaves,  smoothish 
and  mottled  when  mature,  oval-ovate,  with  very  short  and  deltoid 
■  oblique  tip,  about  2  cm.  long  and  1.5  cm.  wide,  greatly  inflated. 
Flowers  about  1.2  cm.  long.  Calyx  black-hairy,  teeth  a  fourth  as  long 
as  tube.  Leaves  about  sessile,  5-7  cm.  long.  Leaflets  8-10  pairs, 
oblanceolate.  1.5  cm.  long.  Stems  ascending,  a  foot  or  two  long. 
Whole  plant  softly  and  rather  s])arsely  woolly.  Bakersfield  and  Al- 
calde California  in  open  flats.     Tropical. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  scorpionis  n.  var.  Pods  coriaceaus, 
ovate,  abruptly  hooked  and  claw-like,  hardly  1  cm.  long.  Flowers 
about  8  mm.  long  with  elongated  banner  and  wings,  calyx  campanu- 
late,  leaflets  small,  oval  to  elliptical.  Peduncles  half  as  long  as 
leaves.  Morey  Peak  Nevada  No.  6365  Purpus,  and  Braudegee  from 
the  Yakima  region  Washington  1883,  and  No.  896  McBride  from  Em- 
mett  Idaho.     Middle  Temperate  life  zone.     Flowers   white  or  purple. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  Idriensis  Jones  Cont.  10  63  (1902). 
Pods  lanceolate,  often  arched  to  a  circle,  about  2  cm.  long,  when  not 
greatly  obcompressed  the  cross  section  is  triquetrous-cordate,  other- 
wise rather  ildymous  and  transversely  linear.  Flowers  purple-tipped, 
about  1.5  cm.  long  and  very  narrow,  the  wings  and  banner  elongated, 
and  the  keel  normal  that  is  half-spatulaite  and  the  blade  about  3 
times  as  long  as  wide.     Calyx  cylindric  and  about  5  mm.  long  and  2 


Inflati  125 

mm.  wide,  the  teeth  about  one  fourth  as  long  as  tube.  Peduncles 
about  6  cm.  long  and  twice  as  long  as  the  sessile  and  divaricate 
leaves  which  have  about  10  pairs  of  obovate  leaflets  about  1  cm.  long, 
thiclv,  appearing  as  if  glaucous,  smooth  above  and  ciliate  and  a  little 
appressed  hairy  below.  Stems  very  slender  and  widely  spreading 
with  long  internodes  and  from  a  woody  root.  New  Idria  California, 
Miss   Eastwood. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  carinatus  n.  var.  Pods  as  in  the 
var.  Idriensis  but  not  often  mottled,  often  long-acuminate.  Flowers 
white  with  purple-tipped  keel.  Banner  oblong,  from  half  as  long  to 
nearly  as  long  as  keel,  abruptly  arched  to  45  degrees  at  calyx  tips. 
Wings  linear,  straight,  about  1  mm.  shorter  than  keel.  Keel  con- 
spicuous, half-spatulate,  about  5  mm.  long.  Calyx  campanulate,  the 
tube  about  2  mm.  long  and  a  little  longer  than  the  rather  spreading 
teeth.  Peduncles  filiform  2-3  cm.  long,  about  a  half  shorter  than 
the  leaves.  Leaves  ascending,  all  petioled,  with  about  8  pairs  of 
elliptical  leaflets  which  are  about  5  mm.  long,  appearing  as  if  glaucous, 
and  ciliate  and  slightly  pubescent  beneath  as  in  the  preceeding 
variety,  but  thin.  Stems  several,  equally  slender  and  prostrate  or 
nearly  so  from  a  slender  or  rather  thick  and  woody  and  erect  root. 
Baker  City  Oregon  on  flats,  June  11,  1902,  and  Chat,  California. 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  diphysus  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  7  673 
(1895).  A.  diphysus  Gray.  PI.  Fend.  35  (1849).  var.  chartacsus  Jones. 
Pods  ovate  and  with  falcate  and  variously  acuminate  tip,  or  body 
oval  but  always  with  the  falcate  beak,  cross  section  variously  reni- 
form  to  didymous,  often  4  cm.  long.  Leaves  all  petioled,  leaflets 
mostly  obovate,  rarely  elliptical,  8-10  pairs,  1-2  cm.  long,  mostly 
smooth.  Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves  which  are  often  1  dm. 
long.  Internodes  short.  Stems  many  in  tufts,  erect  to  ascending,  a 
foot  or  two  high.  Flowers  about  2  cm.  long,  purple,  with  elongated 
banner,  the  oblanceolate  wings  rather  longer  than  keel.  Common  in 
the  sagebrush  from  Santa  Fe  New  Mexico  and  Holbrook  Arizona  to 
Wyoming,  southern  Idaho  and  the  Sierras.  This  intergrades  freely 
into  the  forms  with  papery  pods.  A.  cuspidocarpus  Sheldon  which  is 
A.  ammolotus  Greene,  as  to  Leiberg's  material  at  least  is  a  form  of 
this.  Middle  and  Lower  Temperate  life  zones.  A  form  of  this  from 
Lima  Montana  intergrades  with  the  type  species.  A.  lentiginosus  var. 
chartaceus  Jones  is  a  form  intergrading  with  the  var.  latus  below. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  latus.  (A.  diphysus  var.  latus  Jones 
Cont.  3  287  (1893).  A.  latus  Jones  Cont.  5  272  1894)  also.  This  Is 
a  densely  csespitose  form  with  woody  stems  from  a  stout  root  and 
herbaceous  tips  a  few  inches  long  and  flat  on  the  ground.  The  pods 
are  almost  globose  and  conical  pointed,  varying  to  oval  with  rather 
falcate  tip.  about  2  cm.  long,  didymous,  often  mottled,  hidden  among 
the  leaves  on  peduncles  rarely  over  2  cm.  long.  Flowers  light- 
purple,  about  2  cm.  long,  very  narrow,  the  banner  and  wings  elon- 
gated. The  tubular  tui)e  is  about  8  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide,  and 
the  teeth  triangular  to  filiform  and  often  half  as  long  as  tube. 
Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  all  petioled,  with  about  6-8  pairs  of  oval  to 
obovate  leaflets,  a  little  over  1  cm.  long  and  smooth.  A  remarkable 
variety  but  nothing  else.  Rocky  canons  in  the  mountains  free 
from  alkali.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  Rather  common  in  east- 
ern Nevada.  Type  locality  Aurum.  A  form  of  this  with  tiny  flowers 
and  globose  and  apiculate  pods  rather  papery  is  from  Monatchy  Mead- 
ows  California   Purpus,    No.    1971,   and    is   ashy    pubescent. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  palans  Jones  Cont.  4  37  (1893)  and 
Cont.  8  4  (1898).  Pods  linear  and  falcate  often  to  a  half  circle,  3-4 
cm.  long  and  hardly  5  mm.  wide,  with  cross  section  inclined  to  be 
triquetrous,  sharply  acuminte,  cross-wrinkled.  Flowers  purple  and 
about  2   cm.   long   with   elongated   banner   and   wings  and  cylindrical 


12(j  Inflati 

tube  and  filiform  teeth.  Peduncles  rarely  half  as  long  as  leaves. 
Leaves  often  1  dm.  long,  widely  spreading,  with  about  8  pairs  of  oval 
to  elliptical  leaflets  1-2  cm.  long,  mostly  notched  and  smooth.  Stems 
normally  elongated  and  straggling  over  the  ground.  Growing  in 
rather  alkaline  soil  along  the  tributaries  of  the  Colorado  river  from 
the  San  Juan  to  Grand  Junction  Colorado  and  westward  to  Virgin 
City,  Utah.  Southward  at  least  to  Flagstaff  Arizona.  This  is  the 
common  form  of  the  species  in  the  Navajo  Basin.  Lower  Temperate 
life  zone.  A.  araneosus  Sheldon  from  Frisco  Utah  (Jones)  is  a  form 
intergrading  with  the  var.  diphysus.  It  also  occurs  at  Detroit  Utah 
and  Austin  Nevada. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  Mokiacensis  (Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 
13  3ti7  (1878)  as  species).  A.  ursinus  Gray.  A.  Wilsoni  Greene.  Pods 
smooth,  a  little  cioss-wrinkled,  1.5-2  cm.  long  and  about  5  mm.  wide, 
with  cross  section  round  and  inclined  to  be  sulcate  ventrally  and  a 
little  dorsally  but  shallow,  almost  straight  to  a  little  bent  in  the  mid- 
dle, only  slightly  oblique,  ascending,  coriaceous,  with  dorsal  suture 
intruded  hardly  half  way  below,  the  pods  vary  from  ovate-lanceolate 
to  linear  lanceolate.  Flowers  bright  pink-purple  as  in  A.  Utahensis, 
bluish  when  dry,  horizontal  to  little  ascending,  about  2  cm.  long,  not 
narrow.  Banner  oblong-oval,  about  1.2  cm.  long,  abruptly  arched 
to  nearly  erect  at  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  4  mm.  wide  below, 
little  above;  groove  shallow  and  very  broadly  V-shaped  throughout; 
white  spot  obovate,  barely  reaching  tip  of  keel,  striate-purple-veined, 
narrow  and  small,  about  3  mm.  wide  and  4  mm.  long,  not  reachia.':;- 
within  5  mm.  of  banner  tip  and  is  barely  wider  than  the  reflexed  p^rt 
on  each  side.  Wings  2  mm.  wide,  straight,  concave  to  keel  and  pressed 
close,  about  1  mm.  longer,  rounded.  Keel  half-spatulate,  about  3-4 
mm.  wide  at  tip,  straight,  7  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Calyx  tube 
about  5  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  cylindric-campanulate.  greenish 
or  reddish,  oblique,  sparsely  nigrescent,  cleft  deei)er  above  with 
rounded  sinuses,  somewhat  laterally  flattened,  attached  near  the 
midddle  at  the  fleshy  base  to  the  stout  pedicel,  teeth  subulate  and 
about  2  mm.  long,  the  lower  the  longer.  Pedicels  about  half  as  long 
as  the  lanceolate  and  hyaline  bracts  which  are  about  3  mm.  long. 
Peduncles  stout,  subterminal  and  strict,  5-7  cm.  long,  sulcate,  about 
half  as  long  as  the  racemes  and  about  as  long  as  leaves.  Leivf^s 
nearly  sessile  above,  with  5-7  pairs  of  oval-ovate,  rather  notched  leaf- 
lets about  1  cm.  long,  which  seem  glaucous  but  are  whitish  with  fine 
wavy  appressed  hairs,  rather  sparse.  Stems  erect,  thick,  nearlv 
straight,  rather  fleshy  from  a  woody  root.  Stipules  green,  reflexed, 
about  ^^  mm.  long.  Growing  on  the  plateau  south  of  St.  George  on 
both  sides  of  the  Colorado  river.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  This 
seems  like  a  well  marked  species  but  it  intergrades  through  the 
var.  palans. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  Borreganus  Jones  Cout.  8  3  (1898). 
Pods  as  in  the  var.  Mokiueensis  but  silvery  white,  in  long  racemes 
often  a  foot  long,  and  suture  intruded  about  two  thirds.  Peduncles 
the  same  as  above  but  axillary  nearly  throughout  and  slender  in  flower. 
Lenves  about  the  same  but  all  petioled  and  rarely  over  5  cm.  Ion.?, 
the  leaflets  about  5  pairs  and  obovate  mostly  and  silvery  white  with 
very  fine  and  closely  appressed  hairs.  Flower  about  the  same  relative 
shape  but  hardly  1  cm.  long,  the  keel  being  oblately  half-oval-ovate,  and 
the  calyx  tube  hardly  4  mm.  long.  Pedicels  almost  none.  1  mm.  long 
in  fruit.  Stems  slender  and  flexuous,  rarely  a  foot  high  and  branched, 
Clr-arly  a  winter  annual.  Tropical  in  the  Colorado  desert.  Extend- 
ing as  far  east  as  Kelso  California  east  of  the  Amargosa  desert. 
This  shades  directly  ii  to  the  var.  Coulteri. 


Inflati  127 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  Coulteri  (Benth.)  Jones  Cont.  8  4 
(1898).  A.  Coulteri  Benth.  PI.  Hartweg.  307  (1848).  A.  Arthu-Schotti  Gray. 
A.  eremicus  Sheldon.  Pods  rigid,  not  leathery  nor  papery,  hoary  as  is 
the  whole  plant,  about  2  cm.  long,  very  oblique  and  falcate-short- 
pointed.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long,  wide,  the  subulate  calyx  teeth 
nearly  as  long  as  tube.  Leaflets  often  2  cm.  long.  Pubescence  great- 
est on  the  under  side  of  the  leaflets.  Common  on  the  Colorado 
and  Mojave  deserts,  and  Owen's  Valley  California.  Tropical.  On 
flat  and  gentle  slopes.  Biennial.  This  is  almost  certainly  a  hy- 
brid  between   lentiginosus   and   aridus. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  Fremonti  (T.  &  G.)  Watson  Bot.  King 
66  (1871).  A.  Fremonti  T.  and  G.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  4  80  (1857).  A. 
Coulteri  var.  Fremonti' (T.  and  G.)  Jones.  Pods  translucent  and 
papery  and  smooth,  oval-ovate  with  a  more  or  less  falcate  tip,  2-3 
cm.  long.  Flowers  about  1  cm.  long  and  narrow,  the  triangular  teeth 
rarely  one  third  as  long  as  tube.  Leaflets  rarely  1.5  cm.  long,  sil- 
very-pubescent above,  less  pubescent  below,  often  a  little  woolly. 
Common  from  Hawthorne  Nevada  and  Darwin  and  the  Death  Valley 
region  to  Mexico.     Tropical. 

Astragalus  lentiginosus  var.  Yuccanus  Jones  Cont.  8  3  (1898). 
Pods  papery,  translucent  and  smooth,  about  2  cm.  long,  oval-ovate  and 
short-pointed.  Peduncles  stout  and  about  as  long  as  leaves,  about 
1  dm.  long,  in  all  the  upper  axils.  Flowers  white,  about  1  cm.  long, 
narrow,  banner  wings  and  keel  about  equal.  Calyx  teeth  minute. 
Leaves  nearly  sessile,  divaricate,  about  1.5  dm.  long,  with  10-12  pairs 
of  nearly  oval  leaflets  about  1.5  cm.  long.  Pubescence  almost 
none  except  a  little  spreading  hairs  on  stems,  peduncles  and  rachis. 
Stems  very  stout,  2-3  ft.  high,  erect,  biennial,  blooming  as  winter 
annuals.  Yucca  Arizona,  Jones.  Tropical.  Similar  material  from 
Good  Springs  and  Meadow  Valley  Wash  Nevada  but  with  elongated 
banner  and  wings  and  calyx  teeth  subulate  and  one  third  as  long 
as  tube.  Other  material  similar  but  with  coriaceous  pods  from  Peach 
Springs  and  Lee's  Ferry  Arizona.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  and 
intergrading  toward  the  var.  Mokiacensis.  Other  material  from  Chlo- 
ride Arizona  with  the  flowers  of  Mokiacensis  but  otherwise  the  var. 
Yucanus. 


128  Sparsiflori. 


SPARSIFLORI.  5. 


Pods  chartaceous,  reticulated,  lunate,  sulcate  dorsally 
with  ventral  suture  concave  or  rarely  straight,  tip  straight  or 
ascending  nearly  m  line  with  the  ventral  suture,  but  '.vhich  is 
humped  a  little  at  the  end,  acute  at  both  ends  or  short-stipitate, 
not  splitting  the  calyx,  cross  section  normally  triquetrous,  pod 
laterally'  flattened,  a  little  inflated,  with  tip  flat  and  triangular- 
acute,  length  normally  1-3  cm.  but  sparsiflorus  is  shorter. 
Flowers  light-colored,  mostly  capitate,  rarely  short-racemose, 
rel'lexed  or  widely  spreading,  5-10  mm.  long,  with  campanulate 
calyx  tube  1-3  mm.  long.  Banner  oval,  arched  abruptly  at 
(below  only  in  A.  villosus)  or  beyond  calyx  tips  to  45  to  90 
degrees,  with  sides  reflexed  below,  notched,  3-6  mm.  long, 
nearlj'  tAvice  as  long  as  keel.  Wings  narrowly  oblong,  obtuse, 
about  1-2  mm.  wide,  narroAver  than  keel  and  arched  somewhat. 
Keel  straight  below,  abruptly  arched  at  tip  to  erect  and  tip  tri- 
angular and  2-3  mm.  high  and  rounded  to  acutish  and  dark 
or  colored.  Bracts  small,  or  narrow.  Pedicels  slender.  Pedun- 
cles longer  than  the  leaves  except  in  typical  sparsiflorus  when 
fully  mature,  axillary  nearly  throughout,  slender.  Middle 
leaves  5-12  cm.  long,  about  three  times  the  internodes,  the  low- 
est leaves  very  much  reduced.  Petioles  short  above,  leaf  rachis 
long  and  filiform.  Leaflets  rather  long-petiolulate,  flat, 
rather  distant,  narrowly-elliptical  to  obcordate,  rounded  to  re- 
tuse,  not  over  1  cm.  long,  4-12  pairs.  Stipules  2-4  mm.  long 
except  in  villosus,  greenish.  Stems  filiform  or  njarly  so  and 
prostrate  or  straggling,  2-7  dm.  long,  forniiutr  mostly  open 
mats  from  a  single  crown  terminating  an  erect  and  slender 
root.  Plants  perennial.  Pubescence  attached  b}^  the  base  and 
often  loose. 

KEY 

A.  prostrate  plants.  Pods  reticulated,  chartaceous,  ascending,  wider 
above,  with  cross-section  triangular-cordate  and  with  dorsal  suture 
a  mere  line  within,  and  the  ventral  suture  not  intruded  but  merely 
a  sharp  and  raised  line.  Calyx  teeth  as  long  as  the  tube.  Leaflets 
oval  to  obcordate.  Flowers  reflexed  in  oblong  spikes.  Leaves 
nearly  sessile. 

Pubescence  of  soft,  long,  spreading  hairs.  8i     villosus. 

Pubescence  none  except  on  calyx.  82     obcordatus. 

2A.  Plants  weak  and  decumbent.  Calyx  teeth  short.  Flowers  rather 
few.  Leaflets  mostly  narrow.  Leaves  all  petioled.  Pods  charta- 
ceous, mottled,  with  dorsal  suture  little  intruded  or  not  at  all, 
wider  above,  cross  section  ovate  to  triangular-cordate.  Flowers 
very  few,  hardly  5  mm.  long,  much  arched,  and  rather  scattered, 
on  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves. 

83     sparsiflorus 


SparsifroH.  129 

81.  Astragalus  villosus  Mx.  Fl.  2  67  (1807),  A.  Intonsus  Sheldon. 
Phaca  villosa  (Mx.)  Niitt.  Pods  about  2  cm.  long,  acuminate  at  butb. 
ends,  narrowly  lunate,  appearing  as  if  lanceolate  but  not  larger 
below,  about  3  mm.  high  in  the  middle,  rather  deeply  sulcate  dor- 
sally.  Flowers  about  1  cm.  long,  in  oblong  heads,  rather  many, 
white  or  cream-colored.  Banner  about  6  mm.  long,  strongly  arched 
near  the  end  of  the  tube  to  nearly  erect,  about  4  mm.  longer  than 
keel  and  2-3  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  about  1  mm.  wide,  con- 
spicuously arched.  Keel  about  4  mm.  long,  barely  surpassing  the 
calyx  lobes,  with  the  base  arched  and  then  abruptly  erect  to  the 
triangular  tip  which  is  acute  and  slightly  turned  out  and  cuspidate. 
Calyx  tube  2-3  mm.  long,  green,  obliquely  campanulate,  the  lower 
side  somewhat  narrowed  at  the  pedicel  and  the  upper  side  inclined 
to  be  saccate,  but  pedicel  inserted  in  the  middle  of  the  end;  teeth 
broad  with  triangular  base  and  subulate  above,  as  long  as  or  nearly 
twice  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  lanceolate,  green,  2-3  mm.  long, 
longer  than  the  fruiting  pedicels.  Peduncles  about  1  dm.  long,  the 
fruiting  rachis  about  2  cm.  long.  Stems  very  weak,  with  many 
rather  short  internodes,  hardly  a  foot  long,  nearly  prostrate,  much 
branched  below  and  from  very  slender  underground  stems,  the  lower 
internodes  with  large  overlapping  stipules  which  are  rather  connate 
behind  the  petioles  but  not  in  front,  and  adnate,  green,  1  cm.  long, 
triangular-  acuminate,  reflexed.  Leaves  lax,  1  dm.  long  or  less,  with 
weak  and  scarcely  tapering  rachis.  Leaflets  6-8  pairs,  the  terminal 
one  the  largest,  and  gradually  smaller  below,  about  oval,  rounded, 
rarely  notched,  the  base  not  noticeably  cuneate,  short-petiolulate,  the 
largest  rarely  8  mm.  long,  thin.  Pubescence,  loose,  long,  of  very 
filender,  twisted,  blunt,  straight  hairs,  someewhat  spreading,  and 
never  very  dense,  the  upper  side  of  leaves  smooth,  tlhe  calyx, 
pods,  peduncles  and  stems  shaggy.  Dry  pine  barrens  from  South 
Carolina  to  Florida  and  westward  to  Louisana  and  Missouri.  Lower 
part  of  Lower  Temperate  to  the  Tropical  life  zone.  Blooms  from 
March  to  May.  I  keep  up  the  name  of  Michaux  instead  of  the  inton- 
sus of  Sheldon  for  the  reason  that  the  A.  villosus  of  Gueldenst.  It.  2 
178  seems  to  have  been  only  incidently  named. 

82.  Astragalus  obcordatus  Ell.  Sketchb.  2  227  (1822)  A.  ElliottI 
Dietr.,  Tragacantha  Kuntze,  Tium  Rydb.  Pods  crescent  shaped,  2-3 
cm.  long,  about  7  mm.  high,  acute  at  both  ends,  chartaceous,  smooth, 
sulcate  nearly  to  the  middle  dorsally,  very  shortly-stipitate,  the  sides 
inclined  to  concave,  walls  with  raised  reticulations.  Flowers  5-8  mm. 
long,  pale-purple  or  nearly  white,  loosely  spicate,  5-15.  Banner  4-6  mm. 
long,  arched  rather  abruptly  at  end  of  teeth  to  erect,  with  reflexed 
sides  1-2  mm.  longer  than  wings  which  are  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel 
and  much  arched.  Keel  with  straight  base  and  abruptly  erect  and 
blunt  tip  mostly  purplish,  about  3  mm.  long.  Calyx  rather  narrowly 
campanulate,  hyaline,  the  tube  2  mm.  long,  rather  narrowed  below  and 
Inserted  a  little  below  the  middle  of  the  end,  sparsely  appressed- 
short-pubescent,  teeth  narrowly  triangular,  as  long  as  tube,  the  lower 
the  longer  and  arched.  Bracts  minute,  ovate,  shorter  than  the  short 
and  filiform  pedicels.  Peduncles  filiform,  5-10  cm.  long.  Leaves 
7-10  cm.  long,  with  filiform  rachis.  Leaflets  obcordate,  rarely  6  mm. 
long,  with  short-cuneate  base,  rather  long-petiolulate,  71 2  pairs,  the 
central  ones  the  largest  and  tapering  both  ways  on  rachis.  Stems 
as  in  villosus.  but  stipules  minute.  Whole  plant  except  the  calyx 
smooth.  Among  scrub  oaks  and  in  dry  pine  barrens  Florida  to  Geor- 
gia. Blooming  in  March  and  April.  Tropical.  A  very  close  rela- 
tive of  A.  villosus. 

83.  Astragalus  sparsiflorus  Gray  Proc.  Phil  Acad.  2  7  60  (1863) 
name  only,  and  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  205  (1864).  Tium  varlegatum  Ryd- 
berg.     Pods    5-10   mm.   long,   larger   above,   obovate   to   clavate-oblong 


130  Alpini. 

and  very  oblique,  the  tip  abruptly  hooked  and  deltoid  and  ending  in 
the  long  subulate  style  which  is  at  right  angles  to  the  body,  the 
ventral  suture  very  concave,  and  the  dorsal  suture  arched  to  a  half 
circle  and  mostly  sulcate  to  the  middle  and  the  suture  a  trifle  pro- 
duced as  a  thin  edge,  pod  about  3  mm.  high,  rarely  reflexed,  very 
short-stipitate,  puberulent,  with  ventral  suture  a  mere  line.  Flowers 
white,  veined  with  purple,  about  5  mm.  long,  generally  2  at  the  end 
of  the  capillary  peduncle.  Banner  nearly  round,  about  5  mm.  long  ab- 
ruptly arched  at  end  of  calyx  tube  to  erect  or  more,  deeply  notched, 
with  sides  but  little  reflexed.  Wings  broadly  oblanceolate,  2  mm.  wide, 
much  arched  and  nearly  as  long  as  banner.  Keel  oblong  and  incurved  to 
nearly  a  half  circle  from  the  base,  much  shorter  than  the  wings  and 
barely  surpassing  the  calyx  teeth,  purple,  much  rounded  at  tip  and  up- 
per corner  about  square.  Calyx  tube  about  1  mm.  long,  and  about  as 
long  as  the  subulate  arched  teeth,  almost  turbinate,  nigrescent,  acute 
at  base,  equally  inserted  on  the  filiform  pedicels  which  are  4-6  mm. 
long  and  longer  than  the  subulate  and  minute  bracts.  Peduncles 
about  5  cm.  long,  arched.  Upper  leaves  sessile,  the  lower  conspicuous- 
ly petioled,  5-8  cm.  long,  with  filiform  and  tapering  rachis.  Leaflets 
5-6  pairs,  about  ovsd,  inclined  to  be  shortly-cuneate  below,  5-7  mm. 
long,  thin,  all  about  the  same  size,  the  terminal  one  often  obcordate, 
minutely  appressed-pubescent.  Stems  2-3  ft.  long,  almost  filiform,  with 
many  internodes  and  the  upper  ones  about  as  long  as  the  leaves.  Upper 
stipules  the  largest,  triangular,  4-6  mm.  long.  Stems  many,  from  a 
slender  erect  root  which  is  much  branched  at  the  crown,  as  in  A. 
villosus.  In  gravelly  places  in  moist  canons  of  northern  Colorado 
from  Canon  City  northward.    Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

Astragalus  sparsiflorus  van.  majusculus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6 
206  (1864.)  Pods  oblong-oblanceolate,  about  2  cm.  long,  somewhat 
falcate,  with  the  tip  straight  and  not  hooked  and  with  suture  convex 
at  tip.  Flowers  racemose  and  about  6.  Leaflets  6-8  pairs,  elliptical 
to  cuneate-oblong,  fully  1  cm.  long,  long-petiolulate.  Stems  about  a 
foot  long  and  much  branched.  At  first  sight  this  seems  like  a  well 
defined  species,  but  it  intergrades  and  often  grows  with  the  species. 
Mountains  of  Colorado  west  of  Denver  and  Boulder  and  in  Platte 
Canon.     This  is  the  normal  well   developed  form. 


Alpini.  131 


ALPINI   6. 


Pods  papery,  variously  inflated,  rarely  large,  on  slender 
pedicels  stipitate  and  pendeijt  (erect  in  the  first  group),  rather 
few-seeded  in  the  middle,  opening  throughout  the  ventral  sut- 
ure ;  with  ventral  suture  the  more  arched  in  young  pods  or 
when  rarely  concave  in  A.  andinus  in  mature  pods  the  tip 
is  declined ;  with  dorsal  suture  a  mere  thickened  edge  within 
or  a  little  produced  as  a  papery  partial  partition,  the  body 
rather  oblique  but  nearly  straight.  Flowers  small  (about  1.5 
cm.  long  in  A.  Gormani  and  the  alpinus  group).  Stipules 
green  and  conspicuous  (hyaline  in  A.  Gormani),  veiny,  large 
or  foliose,  not  connate  (rarely  so  in  A.  andinus,  free  in  A.  Gor- 
mani), longer  above  on  the  stems,  very  broad  near  the  root. 
Stem  leaves  fully  or  almost  sessile  (short-petioled  in  the  A.  al- 
pinus group),  with  several  pairs  of  thin,  flat,  rather  narrow, 
green,  and  mostly  obtuse  leaflets.  Plants  blooming  in  sum- 
mer and  growing  in  high  and  cold  mountains  and  mountain 
yalleys.    Phaca. 

KEY 

A.  Pods  apparently  sessile.  Flowers  in  long  racemes.  Bracts  tri- 
angular-subulate with  thread-like  tips,  3-7  mm.  long.  Leaves  about 
sessile,  about  1  dm.  long,  with  6-8  pairs  of  nearly  linear  leaflets 
cuneate  at  base  and  about  2  cm.  long  and  rarely  5  mm.  wide, 
and  long-petiolulate.  Peduncles  elongated  and  strict,  much  longer 
than  the  leaves,  and  with  rachis  about  half  the  peduncle. 
Pods  erect  and  appressed.     Arctic.  84  Gormani. 

Pods  pendent.     Subalpine.  85  elegans. 

2A.     Pods  conspicuously  stipitate  and  pendent,  appearing  almost  sessile 
in  some  cases  in  A.  Labradoricjs  var.  occidentalis. 
2AB.     Stipules  not  very  large  nor  leaf-like,  acuminate  above.     Bracts 
small,  and   acuminate.     Peduncles  longer  than  the   leaves.   Flow- 
ers with  purple-tipped  keel,  and  mostly  purple  tinged  above,  not 
over  1   cm.  long.     Young  pods  inclined  to  be  nigrescent.     Calyx 
teeth   triangular   to   subulate   often   as    long   as   tube.      Pods   dis- 
tinctly   laterally    flattened     when    mature,    not    sulcate    or    only 
slightly  so,  the  dorsal  suture  intruded  as  a  partial  partition,  but 
rarely  1   mm.   high.     The  ventral   suture  greatly  arched   and  the 
dorsal    about  straight.      Flowers   in    long    racemes    (except   in   A. 
Cottoni).     A.  arcticus  and   oroboides  are  near  this  group. 
Pods  narrow,  1-2  cm.  long.     Flowers  stubby.     Leaflets  broad  and  not 
congested.     Leaves  4-7  cm.  long.     Pubescence  almost  none. 

86  Labradoricus 
Pods  about  half-oval.  2-2.5  cm.  long.     Flowers  not  stubby.     Leaflets 
narrow,  mostly  congested.     Leaves  4-10  cm.  long.     Pubescence 
minute  or  none.  87  aboriginum. 

Pods  2.5  cm.  long,  half-oval.     Flowers  not  stubby.     Leaflets  ellintical. 
Leaves  closely  sessile,  woolly.  88  Cottoni 


132  Alpin.. 

2A2B.  Flowers  in  spikes,  white  or  cream-colored,  about  1.5  cm. 
long,  closely  reflexed.  Keel  large  and  not  purple-tipped,  very 
obtuse  and  rounded.  Wings  short.  Pods  with  dorsal  suture  thick- 
ened within  but  not  raised  as  a  thin  edge.  Stipules  very 
large  and  leaf-like,  fully  1  cm.  long,  reflexed,  thin,  obtuse,  or  the 
uppermost  only  acutish,  oval  to  oblong.  Peduncles  subterminal, 
shorter  than  the  leaves.  Calyx  white,  very  oblique  at  both 
ends,  cut  off  at  the  lower  corner  and  set  obliquely  to  the  long 
and  filiform  pedicel  and  inclined  to  be  saccate  on  the  upper 
corner,  cleft  much  deeper  above,  with  rudimentary  and  broadly 
deltoid  teeth.  Leaves  all  petioled.  Leaflets  very  large,  ellipti- 
cal, contiguous,  short-petiolulate,  broadly  cuneate  below,  obtuse, 
2-4  cm.  long. 

Pods  black-hairy.  89  alpinus. 

Pods  green  and  smooth.  90  Americanus. 

2A3B.  Pods  distinctly  obcompressed,  the  cross  section  triquetrous- 
reniform,  somewhat  inflated,  nigrescent,  conspicuously  sulcate 
dorsally,  with  ventral  suture  straight  or  a  little  concave  but 
with  a  convex  hump  near  the  tip  and  tip  declined,  on  a  stipe 
as  long  as  calyx.  Flowers  in  short  racemes  or  clusters.  Stip- 
ules large  and  leaf-like.  Leaflets  10-12  pairs.  Plants  from 
filiform   underground   rootstocks. 

91   andinus. 

84.  Astragalus  Gorman!  Wight,  n.  sp.  Pods  erect  and  appressed, 
oblong-lanceolate,  straight,  about  1.5  cm.  long  and  4-5  mm.  wide  and 
high,  cross  section  apparently  nearly  round,  partly  2-celled  by  the 
intrusion  of  the  dorsal  suture  which  is  nearly  straight,  with  the  ven- 
tral arched,  pod  splitting  the  calyx,  shortly  acuminate,  rounded  at 
the  sessile  base,  smooth.  Flowers  white,  narrow,  nearly  1.5  cm.  long, 
reflexed.  Banner  elliptical,  about  1  cm.  long,  abruptly  arched  to  45 
degrees  at  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide  through- 
out, 3-4  mm.  longer  than  wine:s.  Wings  lance-linear,  1  mm.  wide, 
arched  about  30  degrees,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  straight 
base  and  exserted  claw,  about  4  mm  long,  2  mm.  wide,  the  tip  abruptly 
rounded  to  about  110  degrees  and  deltoid,  about  3  mm.  high  purple. 
Calyx  about  4  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide,  ribbed,  rounded  at  the  fleshy 
base  and  nearly  equally  inserted,  cleft  much  deeper  above,  hyaline 
and  nigrescent  with  minute  appressed  hairs;  teeth  triangular,  spread- 
ing and  about  1  mm.  long.  Pedicels  2-3  mm.  long.  Bracts  very  nar- 
row, hyaline  and  lax,  about  7  mm.  long.  Peduncles  stout,  23  dm. 
long.  Leaves  widely  spreading,  about  7  cm.  long,  and  4  cm.  wide. 
Leaflets  smooth,  rather  glaucous,  obtuse,  rather  distant.  Stipules 
subulate-lanceolate,  papery  and  hyaline,  adnate  and  not  connate,  about 
7  mm.  long,  spreading,  the  lower  much  broader  and  rather  longer. 
Stems  about  2  ft.  high,  with  the  lower  internodes  longer,  than  the 
leaves,  ascending,  decumbent  at  base.  Whole  plant  smooth  except 
the  calyx.  Root  woody  and  rather  stout.  This  has  the  habit  of  A. 
aboriginum.  It  grows  In  moist  ground  on  creek  banks  near  Fort 
Selkirk  Alaska,  Upper  Temperate  life  zone,  blooming  in  July. 
Gorman.     The  Indian  name  is  Ayan-Gih-thah. 

85.  Astragalus  elegans  (Hook.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  154  (1894) 
Phaca  elegans  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  144  (1830).  A.  oroboides  var. 
Americanus  Gray,  A.  Shearis  Rydberg,  Atelophragma  Shearis  Ryd- 
berg.  Pods  half-oval,  hardly  1  cm.  long,  5-7  mm.  high  and  about  3-5 
mm.  wide,  a  little  laterally  flattened,  with  cross  section  broadly 
ovate  and  rarely  a  little  cordate  when  pod  Is  slightly  sulcate  dor- 
sally,  dark,  but  white-hairy,  obliquely  deltoid  at  each  end  and  with 
stout  declined  mucro  at  tip  and  a  minute  stipe  at  base,  the  ventral 
suture  convex  to  about  one  third  circle,  the  dorsal  straight  or  a  trifle 


Alpini.  133 

convex,  pendent;  dorsal  suture  intruded  as  a  thin  and  narrow  hya- 
line band;  not  explanate  along  the  ventral  suture  throughout,  scarce- 
ly at  all  splitting  along  the  dorsal.  Flowers  in  the  type  deep-purple, 
with  light  claws,  7-9  mm.  long,  narrow.  In  dense  racemes  2-5  cm. 
long.  Banner  oval,  about  4-5  mm.  long,  with  sides  a  little  reflexed 
throughout,  arched  abruptly  at  end  of  tube  to  45  degrees,  1-2  mm. 
longer  than  wings,  with  white  spot  very  strongly  purple-veined. 
Wings  lanceolate,  hardly  1  mm.  wide,  arched  to  45  degrees,  about  1 
mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  straight  base,  about  3  mm.  long, 
1-5  mm.  high,  and  abruptly  rounded  to  about  110  degrees  and  with 
the  deltoid  tip  about  2  mm.  high.  Caylx  tube  about  3  mm.  long 
and  1.5  mm.  high,  narrowed  below  and  acutish  at  the  base  and  in- 
serted near  the  lower  corner,  very  oblique  at  tip  and  much  deeper 
cleft  above,  nigrescent,  the  lax  and  subulate  teeth  unequal  and  nearly 
as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  subulate  to  triangular,  4-5  mm.  long,  longer 
than  the  flowering  pedicels.  Arctic  plants  have  the  papery  bracts 
subulate,  southern  plants  have  triangular  bracts  hairy  and  stiffen 
Stipules  green,  nearly  deltoid,  about  5  mm.  long,  the  lower  very 
broad  and  rounded,  often  overlapping  their  edges  but  almost  never 
truly  connate.  Proper  peduncles  about  1  dm.  Icng  and  longer  than  the 
leaves  .  Leaves  all  shortly  petioled  in  the  type,  nearly  1  dm.  long, 
rarely  3.5  cm.  wide.  Leaflets  narrowly  elliptical  to  broadly  linear, 
1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  ashy,  mostly  notched,  rather  distant.  Stems  1-2  ft. 
high,  nearly  erect,  the  internodes  about  as  long  as  the  leaves,  from 
rather  much  branched  woody  roots.  From  the  plains  of  Alberta  to 
Ladrabor  and  northward  in  the  mountains  to  Alaska  and  the  Arctic, 
in  moist  woods  and  meadows.  Middle  and  Upper  Temperate  life 
zone  blooming  in  July  and  August.  This  differs  from  A.  oroboides 
of  Europe  in  the  narrow  not  oblong-ovate  leaflets. 

Astragalus  elegans  var.  curtiflorus  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  242  (1900). 
Pods  and  flowers  In  long  racemes  on  elongated  peduncles.  Flowers 
hardly  8  mm.  long,  often  lighter  colored.  Bracts  about  2  mm.  long. 
TTpper  leaves  sessile.  Stems  and  peduncles  sulcate.  This  is  the 
common  form  from  Leadville  Colorado  to  the  British  line  in  the 
mountains,  not  in  the  Great  Basin  but  on  the  Pacific  slope  in  Deer 
Lodge  valley  Montana,  Upper  Temperate  life  zone,  also  along  cold 
streams  in  the  Middle  Temperate,  in  moist  places  in  meadows  and 
open  woods. 

86.  Astragalus  Labradoricus  DC.  Prod.  2  287  (1825).  A.  secun- 
dus  Mx.,  A.  Blakei  Eggleston,  A.  Robbinsii  var  Jesupi  Sheldon,  A.  ma- 
counii  Rydberg.  Pods  1-2  cm.  long,  4-5  mm.  wide  or  high,  only  slightly 
sulcate.  shortly  acuminate  at  both  ends,  in  the  young  state  quite  nar- 
row and  inclined  to  be  obcompressed  but  with  age  often  laterally  flat- 
tened, somewhat  Inflated,  with  dorsal  suture  a  little  produced.  Stipe 
about  as  long  as  caylx.  FHowers  spicate,  about  1  cm.  long  1015,  about 
half  of  them  maturing  and  the  fruit  racemose.  Banner  oval,  about  7  mm. 
long,  2  mm.  longer  than  wings,  arched  gently  to  45  degrees  about  2  mm. 
beyond  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  2  mm.  wide  and  most  above 
and  with  claws  included.  Wings  2  mm.  longer  than  keel,  nearly 
linear,  about  1  mm.  wide,  a  little  arched,  much  narrower  than  keel 
and  exposing  its  base.  Keel  small,  straight,  about  3  mm.  long,  with 
tip  rounded,  obtuse,  and  as  wide  as  high.  Calyx  about  3  mm.  long, 
a  little  narrowed  below,  slightly  oblique  at  tip.  Teeth  triangular, 
about  1  mm.  long.  Pedicels  slender,  horizontal  in  flower,  longer  than 
the  bracts,  2  mm.  long  in  flower  and  4  mm.  long  in  fruit.  Bracts 
conspicuous,  hyaline,  lanceolate.  Peduncles  1.5-3  dm.  long,  in  the  up- 
per axils,  racemes  4-12  cm.  long.  Leaves  4-7  cm.  long,  widely  spread- 
ing, the  upper  sessile.  Leaflets  elliptical  to  oval,  1-3  cm.  long,  obtuse 
to  notched,  somewhat  pubescent,  about  5-6  pairs,  not  contiguous, 
shortly  cuneate  at  base,  fully  7  mm.  wide,  thin.  Stipules  triangular- 
lanceolate,  4-7  mm.  long,  mostly  rather  small  for  the  plant  but  varia- 


134  Alpin.. 

ble,  the  lower  ones  short  and  often  reniform.  Stems  1-2  ft.  high, 
slender,  tufted,  ascending  to  decumbent,  open  and  airy  plants  with 
internodes  4-10  cm.  long.  Pubescence  of  whole  plant  almost  none 
except  the  nigrescent  calyx  and  pods.  Young  forms  of  this  closely 
resemble  A.  andinus,  but  the  flowers  of  that  species  are  capitate, 
the  stipules  broader  and  greener,  the  habit  more  decumbent  and 
the  pods  as  they  ripen  differ  greatly.  Alpine  and  subalpine  from 
the  mountains  of  New  England  to  Labrador.  Intergrades  toward  the 
var.  occidentalis  grow  in  Alberta  and  are  A.  Macounii  Rydberg.  This 
often    passes   for   A.   andinus    in    New    England. 

Astragalus  Labradoricus  var.  Robbinsii  (Oakes  in  Gray's  Man. 
Ed.  2  98  (1856),  as  species).  Pods  much  laterally  flattened,  about 
1-1.5  cm.  long  and  half  as  high,  half-oblong-oval,  with  the  dorsal  suture 
straight  and  the  ventral  much  arched,  rather  abruptly  narrowed  at 
both  ends,  and  shortly  acute,  opening  first  at  tij),  but  little  inflated 
though  the  cavity  is  much  wider  than  the  seeds,  seiitum  a  little  in- 
truded. Flowers  capitate  to  short  racemose,  7-10  mm.  long,  ascend- 
ing, white.  Calyx  cleft  deeper  above  and  with  broad  sinus;  teeth  one- 
half  to  one  mm.  long.  Bracts  small,  lanceolate,  those  on  the  lower 
flowers  larger.  Leaflets  7-12  mm.  long,  oval  to  oblong,  3-5  pairs,  long- 
petiolulate.  Stipules  green,  rather  large.  Stems  variably  erect. 
Pubescence  appressed  and  nigrescent,  not  dense.  Alpine  in  the  moun- 
tains of  New  England. 

Astragalus  Labradoricus  var.  occidentalis  (Watson  Bot.  King  70 
(1871)  as  Robbisii  var.)  A.  occidentalis  (Watson)  Jones.  Atelophrag- 
ma  Rydberg.  Body  of  pod  10-15  mm.  long,  rarely  2.5  cm.  long,  shortl/ 
acute  at  both  ends,  half-oval  to  half-elliptical,  about  7  mm.  high  in  the 
short  pods  and  3  mm.  wide  and  high  in  the  long  pods,  mostly  half- 
oval  ovate  nearly  as  wide  as  high,  cross  section  rather  broadly 
ovate,  pod  inflated,  on  a  twisted  pedicel  so  that  the  dorsal  suture  is 
mostly  uppermost,  often  a  little  sulcate  dorsally,  in  long  racemes  nigres- 
cent, with  dorsal  suture  intruded  often  1  mm.  high.  Stipe  normally 
about  half  as  long  as  calyx  but  very  variable  from  very  short  to  a 
little  longer  than  calyx,  when  very  short  it  approaches  A.  elegans. 
Flowers  rather  many,  ascending  to  horizontal,  spicate,  dirty-white  but 
often  tinged  with  purple,  purplish  below,  about  7  mm.  long,  rather 
narrow.  Banner  oblong-oval  abruptly  arched  to  60  to  90  degrees  1 
mm.  beyond  calyx  tips,  7  mm.  long,  1-2  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with 
sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide;  groove  very  broadly  V-shaped  below 
and  disappearing  above.  Wings  arched  to  30  degrees,  narrower  than 
keel  and  about  1  mm.  longer,  obovate,  rounded,  notched  below  the 
til),  with  a  little  groove  along  the  middle,  concave  to  keel  and  ob- 
lique, riaht  hand  one  pressed  close  to  keel.  Keel  with  tip  nearly  erect 
and  rour.ded,  2  mm.  high,  about  3  mm.  longer  than  calyx,  lead- 
purple.  Calyx  tube  about  2  mm.  long,  almost  turbinate,  truncate,  very 
oblique  above,  cleft  deeper  above  with  broad  sinus,  teeth  deltoid  at 
base,  barely  half  as  long  as  tube,  with  pedicel  about  equally  inserted. 
Bracts  green,  lanceolate  to  subulate,  not  over  2  mm.  long.  Peduncles 
as  often  axillary  as  terminal  with  the  rachis  often  a  foot  long.  Leaves 
not  condensed,  not  over  1  dm.  long.  Leaflets  oval  to  oblong,  rarely 
12  mm.  long  (northern  forms  often  have  leaflets  3  cm.  long),  smooth 
or  nearly  so,  6-7  pairs,  green,  often  paler  below.  Stipules  large, 
rarely  a  little  connate  at  very  base.  Stems  widely  spreading  over 
other  plants  or  prostrate,  1-2  ft.  long.  Crowns  rather  many  from  a 
woody  and  erect  root,  not  from  underground  and  slender  rootstocks 
as  in  andinus.  This  differs  from  the  var.  Robbinsii  in  the  less  lunate 
pods,  about  equally  acute  at  both  ends  but  very  shortly  stipitate,  and 
in  the  more  numerous  leaflets.  But  it  is  exceedingly  variable  in  all 
characters.  It  often  grows  with  A.  andinus  and  may  hybridize  with 
it.     Alpine  and  subalpine.     East  Humboldt  Mts.   Nevada  to  the  Blue 


Alpini.  135 

Mts.  Oregon  and  northward  and  eastward  to  Colorado  but  not  foiind 
in  Utah  so  far.  A.  Macounii  is  a  form  intermediate  between  this 
and  A.  Labradoricus  and  is  the  more  common  northern  form.  It 
occurs  in  the  mountains  of  Alberta  and  along  the  border  in  British 
Columbia  and  as  far  westward  as  Upper  Marias  Pass  in  Montana  and 
Oroville  in  the  Cascades,  Washington,  but  is  mostly  replaced  in  the 
northwest  by  A.  Bourgovii  with  connate  stipules.     In  rocky  meadows. 

87.  Astragalus  aboriginum  Rich,  in  Frankl.  Jour.  App.  18  (1823). 
Phaca  Hooker,  Homalobus  and  Atelophragma  Rydberg.  Pods  half- 
oval,  about  2  cm.  long  exclusive  of  the  stipe,  and  about  5  mm.  high, 
triangular  acute  at  tip  and  apiculate,  and  also  acuminate  into  the 
tapering  stipe  which  is  longer  than  the  calyx,  about  smooth  and 
brownish  when  ripe,  opening  all  along  the  ventral  suture.  Cross 
section  rather  ovate.  Flowers  7-12  mm.  long,  stubby,  capitate,  some- 
times white.  Banner  abruptly  arched  to  nearly  erect  at  end  of  calyx, 
fleshy,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  keel,  oval,  3-4  mm.  long,  with  sides 
reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide.  Wings  arched  to  nearly  erect,  rather  cu- 
neate  and  lobed  at  tip  and  about  2  mm.  wide,  about  1  mm.  longer 
than  keel  and  1  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  with  base  generally 
arched  a  little  and  tip  triangular  or  deltoid  and  at  least  abruptly 
erect,  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  hardly  2  mm.  long,  obliquely 
campanulate.  rather  narrowed  below  and  inserted  near  the  lower 
corner,  the  base  straight  and  upper  side  arched,  cleft  deeper  above, 
the  teeth  nearly  as  long  as  tube  and  nigrescent  with  black  wool. 
Pedicels  about  2  mm.  long  and  shorter  than  the  hyaline  bracts  which 
nearly  equal  the  calyx  tube.  Peduncles  sulcate,  in  fruit  about  twice 
as  long  as  leaves  and  the  fruiting  rachls  as  long  or  longer  than  the 
peduncles.  Leaves  mostly  sessile,  wide,  4-10  cm.  long.  Leaflets  5-6 
nairs,  linear  in  the  type,  about  2  cm.  long,  2-4  mm.  wide,  rather  distant 
in  the  type  and  ascending,  acutish,  often  subalternate,  variously  hoary 
to  almost  smooth,  with  straight  and  appressed  hairs,  pubescence  decid- 
uous. Stipules  about  5-7  mm.  long,  conspicuous.  Stems  slender 
and  nearly  erect  in  the  type,  a  foot  or  two  long,  from  a  thick  and  yel- 
low root.  Much  used  by  the  Indians  for  food.  Frequent  in  open  and 
rocky  woods  from  Lake  Winnepeg  to  British  Columbia  in  the  rocky 
Mountains  to  the  Yukon.     Middle  and  Upper  Temperate  life  zones. 

Astragalus  aboriginum  van.  glabriusculus  (Hook.)  Rydberg  Cont. 
Nat.  Herb.  3  492  (1896).  Phaca  glabriusculn  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  144 
(1830.)  Astragalus  glabriusculus  (Hook.)  Gray  and  var.  major  Gray. 
A.  Forwoodii  Watson.  This  is  the  common  form  with  narrowly  ellipti- 
cal leaflets  nearly  or  quite  smooth.  From  Veta  Pass  Colorado  to  the 
Fast  Humboldt  Mts.  Nevada  and  northward.  Rare  in  the  Great  Basin. 
Mt.  Belknap  Utah.     A.  Forwoodii  is  an  intermediate  form. 

Astragalus  aboriginum  var.  fastigiorum'  n.  var.  This  is  a  densely 
congested  form  with  many  nearly  prostrate  stems  with  few  nodes 
and  sharp  leaflets  densely  congested  making  the  leaf  about  as  broad 
as  long,  and  with  inflorescence  often  longer  than  the  stems,  and  pub- 
escence variably  woolly  to  straight.  Alpine  or  subalpine,  most  common 
on  high  ridges  from  Montana  to  the  Wallowa  Mts.  Oregon.  The 
typo  is  my  material  from  Mr.  Haggin  Montana,  and  to  it  I  refer 
Cusick's  from  the  Wallowas. 

88.  Astragalus  Cottoni  n.  sp.  A.  Olymplcus  Cotton  Terr.  Bull.  29 
573  (1902).  Pods  with  body  2.5  cm.  long  and  about  1.2  cm.  wide,  nearly 
half-oval  but  with  the  dorsal  suture  a  little  arched,  otherwise  it  would 
be  half-oval,  rounded  at  tip  and  with  a  minute  recurved  apiculation 
in  line  with  dorsal  suture,  triangular  at  base  and  acutish  where  it  ends 
in  the  filiform  stipe  which  is  twice  the  calyx  and  about  6  mm.  long, 
minutely  pubescent  and  papery,  nearly  the  shape  of  A.  leucopsis  but 
with  sutures  reversed,  the  ventral  suture  being  greatly  arched,  pods 
ascending  from  a  pendent  calyx.    Dorsal  suture  intruded  as  a  thin  and 


136  Afpini. 

lacerate  edge,  1  mm.  wide.  Flowers  white  with  purple  tips, 
about  1  cm.  long,  arched,  widely  spreading.  Banner  nearly  round, 
about  8  mm.  long,  7  mm.  wide,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with 
sides  reflexed  below.  Wings  deeply  notched,  broadly  oblong,  7  mm. 
long,  2  mm.  wide,  a  little  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  rather  straight 
base,  then  abruptly  curved  to  a  half  circle,  very  thick,  purple  and  very 
obtuse.  Calyx  tube  about  3  mm.  long,  nigrescent,  oblique  and  nar- 
rowed below  to  the  slender  pedicel  which  is  2  mm  long,  with  teeth  tri- 
angular-subulate, spreading  and  over  half  as  long  as  tube.  Pedun- 
cles about  7  cm.  long,  longer  than  leaves,  rather  stout,  the  rachis 
about  half  .ns  long.  Leaves  and  stipules  as  in  A.  aboriginum,  closely 
sessile  and  with  5-6  pairs  of  leaflets  which  are  elliptical,  about  1.2 
cm.  long  and  4  mm.  wide,  and  barely  acute.  Stems  branched  and 
many  from  the  crown.  Pubescence  softly  and  rather  sparsely  woolly. 
On  the  alpine  summits  of  the  Olympic  Mts.  Washington,  Elmer.  This 
seems  more  like  an  extreme  form  of  A.  aboriginum  than  a  good  species. 

89.  Astragalus  alpinus  (L.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  65  (1894). 
Phaca  alpina  L.  755.  A.  frigidus  (L.)  Gray.  Pods  nigrescent,  very 
gibbous,  acute  at  both  end3,  oblong  2-3  cm.  long,  often  1  cm.  wide,  on 
a  stipe  hardly  as  long  as  calyx,  inclined  to  be  sulcate  dorsally,  con- 
spicuously inflated.  Flowers  few  to  many,  broad,  short  and  stubby, 
about  1.5  cm.  long.  Petals  all  about  equal,  with  fleshy  claws.  Ban- 
ner gently  arched  to  45  degrees  ?  mm.  beyond  calyx  teeth,  with  sides 
reflexed  toward  the  tip  about  2  mm.  wide.  Wings  oblanceolate,  2  mm. 
wide,  nearly  straight,  half  as  wide  as  the  lunate  keel.  Keel  broad,  ob- 
tuse. Calyx  tube  about  5-7  mm.  long,  2  mm.  high,  the  teeth  variabl'^ 
from  a  mere  rudiment  to  shortly  triangular.  Bracts  7-10  mm.  Ions:. 
Leaves  4-7  cm.  long,  even  the  upper  shortpetioled,  the  lower  ones  with 
petioles  longer  than  the  adjoining  leaflet.  The  rachis  grooved.  Leaf- 
lets 4-5  pairs,  mostly  oblong-ovate,  variably  black  or  white-hairy  below, 
smooth  above.  Stems  stout,  about  a  foot  high,  erect  and  little 
branched,  from  slender  root-branches.  Throughout  the  Arctic  regions 
of  the  World.  In  the  tyiie  the  calyx  is  nearly  smooth,  the  American 
forms  are  nearly  all  the  following.  Plants  growing  in  the  tundra  and 
humus. 

Astragalus  alpinus  van.  jittoralis  (Hook.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud. 
9  133  (.1891),  Phaca  fri^rida  var.  littoralis  Hook.  71.  Bor.  Am.  1  140 
(J 830)  A.  frigidus  var.  littoralis  (Hook.)  Watsnn.  Pods  elliptical, 
shortly-acute  at  both  ends,  somewhat  obcompressed,  not  sulcate,  with 
stipe  2-3  mm.  long.  Flowers  capitate,  cream-colored,  with  white  mar- 
giris.  Banner  about  7  mm.  long,  and  1  mm.  longer  fnan  keel. 
Wings  obovate  to  narrowly  oblong,  about  2  mm.  wide.  Keel  rounded 
and  gently  arched  from  base,  blunt,  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  softly 
black-hairy,  the  upper  side  convex,  the  lower  straight,  teeth  triangu- 
lar and  about  half  the  *iibe  or  less.  Bracts  rathei  small.  2-7  mm. 
long.  Leaflets  hoary  below,  3-6  pairs,  sparsely  woolly,  lance-oblong 
to  oblong-oval  or  ovate,  2-3  cm.  long.  4-10  m-u.  wide  or  more,  obtu-^e 
or  refuse  or  even  acutish.  Stems  sulcate,  1-2,  7-10  cm.  long  in  fruit, 
but  hardly  5  cm.  long  in  flower.     This  is  the  common  Alaskan  form. 

90.  Astragalus  Americanus  (Hook.)  Jones  Cont.  8  8  (1898).  Phaca 
frigida  var.  Americana  Hook.  Bor.  Am.  1  140  (1830).  Phaca  Amer- 
icana Rydberg.  A.  alpinus  var.  Americanus  (Hook.)  Sheldon.  Pods 
smooth  and  green,  very  thin,  elliptical  and  triangular-acutp  at  both 
ends,  the  body  about  2.5  cm.  long  and  1  cm.  wide,  on  a  stipe  about 
twice  as  long  as  calyx,  with  ventral  suture  conspicuously  arched, 
with  dorsal-suture  a  little  broadly  sulcate  and  a  mere  rib  within, 
inclined  to  open  first  at  base,  often  black  with  minute  hairs  when 
young.  Flowers  about  1  cm.  long,  rather  many  in  a  dense  spike, 
white,    the    banner   oval    and    a   trifle    longer    than    wings    which    are 


Alpini.  137 

barely  longer  than  the  keel,  about  6  mm.  long,  arched  gently  from 
crJyx  to  nearly  erect,  thick,  the  thin  white  margins  reflexed  about  2-3 
mm.  wide.  Wings  oblanceolate  and  rounded,  barely  2  mm.  wide.  Keel 
very  obliquely  elliptical,  the  obtuse  tip  ascending  mostly  to  45°, 
pbout  2  mm.  wide.  Calyx  tube  about  5  mm.  long  and  4  mm.  high, 
smooth  except  at  the  rudimentary  teeth,  the  teeth  almost  obsolete. 
The  filiform  pedicels  conspicuous,  4-10  mm.  long.  Bracts  nearly 
equaling  the  calyx.  Leaves  1-1.5  dm.  long,  with  very  short  petioles. 
Leaflets  5-9  pairs,  ovate  to  oblong-elliptical,  lighter  below  ;ind  sparse- 
ly pubescent  with  very  short  and  woolly  hairs,  often  5  cm.  long, 
rounded  to  notched.  Stems  stout,  2-3  ft.  high,  strict,  from  slender  but 
rather  woody  roots.  Occasional  from  Dakotah  and  northern  Colo- 
raao  in  subalpine  valleys  around  the  edges  of  woods  to  the  Arctic, 
northwestward  to  the  head  of  the  Bitterroot  in  Montana  at  Alta. 
Not  in  the  Great  Basin  nor  (so  far)  reported  from  the  western 
edge  of  the  Columbia  Basin. 

91.     Astragalus   andinus    (Nutt.)    Phaca    andiua    Nutt    in    T.    &    G. 
Fl.  1  345   1838.  A.  astragalinus   (L.)    Sheldon,   Phaca  astragalina     L. 
196.     The  necessity  for  adopting  the   Phaca  alpina  L.   for  the  A.   fri- 
gidus  L.,  because  of  the  Vienna  rules,  requires  renaming  the  Astra- 
galus  alpinus   of   Linnaeus.      For  evident   reason    I   do   not  adopt   the 
senseless  name  astragalinus,  nor  the  already  preoccupied  A^.  giganteus 
of  Sheldon,  another  equally  senseless  name  for  this  diminutive  plant. 
Pods   as   well   as   flowers   capitate   or  very    shortly   spicate,    1-1.5   cm. 
long,  3-4  mm.  wide,  rarely  3  mm.  high,  obliquely  oblong,  nearly  straight, 
closely  reflexed,  shortly  and  abruptly  acute  at  both  ends  to  triangular 
and  even  acuminate  at  base,  the  longitudinRl  section  generally  ellin- 
tical   from  side  to   side,  black-hairy   and   mostly  shaggy,   but  variable 
with  dorsil  suture  from  conspicuously  produced  half  way  to  a  mere  line 
within.     Flowers  7-12  mm.  long,  purple-tipped,  rarely  all  purple,   can- 
itate    when    many,    sometimes    few,    and    pods    reduced    to    a    single 
terminal  one  or  few,  or  many,  generally  6-12  mostly  widely  spreading 
Did   soon   closely   reflexed.     Banner  obovate   to  oval,   5-10   mm.    long, 
nther  abruptly  arched   to  30   to   90   degrees   at   calyx   tips   or  2   mm. 
beyond  and  wlien  much  reflexed  seems  remote  from  keel,  about  1  mm. 
longer  than   keel  or  less,  with   the  obovate   and   rounded   white  spot 
( onsnif^uously   purple-veined,   with   sides   reflexed   most   in   the   middle 
and  2  mm.  wide;  groove  V-shaped  and  vanishing  above.    Wings  oblong- 
''lavatf.  9  n^m.  wide,  about  5  mm.  lone,  about  as  long  as  or  a  little 
shorter  than  keel,  neither  grooved  nor  notched,  pale  to  white,  straight, 
or   ascending   30   degrees.      Keel   very   large   for  the   flower,   straight, 
the  base  straight  and  then  arched  variously  but  rarely  to  erect,  the 
general   outline    being  clavate   and    broadly    oblanceolate,   the   tip    3-4 
mm.   high   and  about  3   mm.   wide,   triangular  and   rounded   to   nearly 
acute,  about  as  long  as  banner  and  very  prominent.     Calyx  tube  cam- 
panulate    to    hemispherical,    a    trifle    laterally    flattened,    cleft    deeper 
rbovp  with  narrow  sinus,  a  trifle  oblique  at  base  but  equally  inserted, 
about  2  mm.  long;   teeth  triangular,  unequal,  variable  hut  not  as  long 
as  tube.     Pedicels  about  2  mm.  long  and  equaled  by  the  hyaline  bracts. 
Peduncles  subterminal,  stout  for  the  plant,  7-10  cm.  long,  ascending, 
longer  than  the  leaves,  very  sulcate.     Leaves  all   petioled  except  the 
uppermost.     Leaflets  oval  to  elliptical.   7-10   mm.  long,  obtuse,  rarely 
rptuse,  gradually  smaller  above,  mostly  10   (6-12)   pairs,  the  northern 
forms  rather  silky  with  sparse,  white,  long  and  fine,  loosely  appressed 
hairs,    but    the    southern    forms    almost    smooth.      Stems    almost    fili- 
form, flexuous,  with  few  long  internodes,  the  lower  ones  mostly  short, 
weak  and  flat  on  the  ground,  or  with  ascending  tips,  much  branched, 
rarely  a  foot  long,  forming  loose  and  open  mats.     Stipules  conspicuous 
ereen,  large,  rather  deltoid.     Very  variable  plants  in  size  of  flowers, 
length  of  stipe,  and  width  of  pods.     European  pods  are  often  half  as 
wide  as  long.     Vv^^stern  flowers   are   mostly   small   though   the  large 


138  Alpini. 

European  flowers  are  not  uncommon.  Common  in  all  the  higher 
mountains  of  Colorado  and  northern  New  Mexico  and  Utah  to  the 
East  Humboldt  Mts.  Nevada  and  northwestward  through  the  Blue  Mts. 
to  the  Cascades,  northward  to  Montana  and  the  Arctic.  Alpine  and 
subalpine,  also  growing  in  cold  meadows  at  the  north  in  the  Middle 
Temperate  at  Flathead  Lake  Montana,  etc.  Growing  in  gravelly 
places  along  rivulets. 


Collini.  139 


COLLim  7. 


Pods  somewhat  fleshy  when  green,  coriaceous  (almost 
cartilaginous  in  A.  Gibbsii,)  not  inflated,  linear  or  nearly  so, 
elongated,  stipitate  but  stipe  not  jointed  nor  the  pod  jointed  to 
it,  1-celled  and  with  sutures  not  at  all  intruded,  laterally  flat- 
tened (rarely  obcompressed  in  the  middle  in  A.  Gibbsii),  in- 
clined to  split  first  at  base  along  both  sutures  and  through  the 
the  stipe  but  with  valves  not  curling,  with  both  sutures  thick 
and  raised  externally  and  rib-like,  pod  acuminate  or  triangu- 
lar-acute at  both  ends,  flat-beaked,  arcuate  (rarely  straight  in 
A.  collinus  and  Tweedjd)  often  to  a  circle  or  more,  wtih  the 
ventral  suture  concave  and  the  tip  in  line  with  it,  opening  first 
at  base,  rarely  at  tip.  Flowers  cream-colored,  7-15  mm.  long, 
racemose  and  mostly  densely  so,  variously  reflexed,  stubby. 
Banner  mostly  much  recurved  and  fleshy  at  base,  with  wings 
inclined  to  extend  beyond  it  and  these  mostly  much  longer 
than  keel,  banner  blade  often  shorter  than  calyx  tube.  Keel 
short  and  long-clawed,  with  tip  erect  abruptly  or  a  little  more 
than  erect,  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  short-cylindric  to  campa- 
nulate,  inclined  to  be  a  little  inflated,  hyaline,  cream-colored, 
very  oblique  at  both  ends,  the  upper  side  arched  to  nearly 
one  third  circle,  the  lower  side  straight,  inclined  to  be  saccate 
on  the  upper  corner  at  the  insertion  and  inserted  on  the  lower 
corner  which  is  mostly  cut  away  a  little  there,  the  cal.yx  re- 
flexed  and  mostly  inserted  at  right  angles  to  the  pedicel  which 
is  relatively  slender,  erect,  and  as  long  as  the  minute  and 
mostly  subulate  bract,  1-3  min.  long.  Peduncles  in  the  upper 
axils.  Internodes  many  and  short,  the  uppermost  the  short- 
est. Leaves  short,  2-10  cm.  long,  widely  spreading,  almost 
sessile.  Leaflets  4-7  pairs,  nearly  contiguous,  long-petiolulate, 
thiekish  but  not  fleshy,  from  nearly  round  or  obovate  to  nearly 
linear,  truncate  to  deeply  notched  at  tip,  not  over  1.5  cm.  long, 
often  folded,  subalternate,  minutely  woolly  (smooth  in  A.  por- 
rectus)  with  fine  white  hairs  which  are  attached  by  the  larger 
base  and  then  arch  over  and  Avith  tips  variously  appressed 
and  wavy  bu  tnot  abruptly  appressed  at  attachment  as  is 
the  case  with  most  species  with  appressed  hairs  .  Stems 
flexuous,  slender,  erect  or  nearly  so,  much  tufted,  more  pub- 
escent than  the  leaves,  1-2  ft.  high,  with  branches  often 
widely  spreadnig.  Stipules  and  bracts  small  or  mimite,  rigid, 
greenish.  Perennials  of  the  Columbia  Basin  and  along  the 
eastern  side  of  the  Sierras  only.  Middle  and  Lower  Temper- 
ate life  zones,  growing  on  grassy  or  sagebrush  plains  and 
blooming  in  summer. 


140  Collini. 

KEY 

A.  Pods  1.5-2  cm.  long,  2-3  mm  high,  straight  or  little  arched,  later- 
ally flattened,  on  a  stipe  about  half  as  long  as  pod,  and  which  is 
fully  as  long  as  calyx.  Peduncles  strict,  often  a  foot  long.:  Stems 
erect.  Leaflets  nearly  linear,  about  1.5  cm.  long.  Flowers  about 
8  mm.  long,  the  banner  very  stubby  and  arched  almost  back  on 
itself,  round,  3-5  mm.  long.  Calyx  about  6  mm.  long,  the  teeth 
about  a  fourth  as  long  and  deltoid. 
Pods  erect.  92  Tweedyi 

Pods  not  erect.  93  coUinus. 

2A.     Pods  arched,  2-3  cm.  long  exclusive  of  stipe. 

2AB.      Rather    coarse    plants,    mostly    2-3    ft.    high,    from    thick    and 
woody   roots.     Peduncles  stout  and  as  long  as  leaves.     Flowers 
nearly  2  cm.  long,  rather  coarse.     Calyx  tube  about  8  mm.  long 
and   4-5   mm.   high,  pendent.      Leaflets   large. 
Flowers  large  and  stubby.     Pods  not  spirally  coiled.  94  Gibbsii. 

2A2B.  Slender  plants  with  flexuous  stems  rarely  a  foot  high  and 
much  branched,  frorn  slender  roots.  Peduncles  slender  and 
and  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Flowers  not  over  1.5  cm.  long, 
in  short  racemes,  not  coarse.  Leaflets  small,  5-10  mm.  long, 
Pods  very  flat,  almost  completely  laterally  flattened  and  with 
sharp  edoes,  on  filiform  stipes,  tightly  coiled  into  1-2  circles, 
the  body  about  2  cm.  long,  the  walls  mostly  separating  with  age, 
and  the  outer  wall  contortedly  reticulate  and  the  main  veins  as- 
cending along  the  sutures  and  pods  spirally  coiled,  with  tip  en- 
siform  and  very  sharp. 
Flowers  large,  1. 5  cm.  long,not  stubby.     Pods  spirally  coiled.     Stipe 

oniy  equaling  calyx.  95  speirocarpus. 

Flowers  7  mm.  long.     Stipe  3-5  times  as  long  as  the  calyx.  96  Alvordensis. 

92.  Astragalus  Tweedyi  Canby  Bot.  Gaz.  15  1.50  (1890.)  Phaca 
Piper.  Pods  erect,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  rigid  and  reticulated,  almost 
cartilaginous,  opening  first  at  tip,  about  4  mm.  high,  cross  section 
nearly  round.  Along  the  Columbia  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yakima  river. 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

93.  Astragalus  collinus  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  141  (1830). 
Phaca  Hooker,  A.  cyrtoides  Gray.  Pods  pendent,  opening  first  at  base, 
about  2  cm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  faintly  reticulated,  mostly  much 
flattened  laternlly.  coriaceous.  Grassy  and  sandy  hills  and  flats. 
Stems  about  2  ft.  high.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  nearly  throughout 
the  Columbia  Basin  (except  the  valley  of  the  Snake)  and  common 
on  the  west.  The  type  of  A.  cyrtoides  from  the  Clearwater  is  clearly 
A.  collimis.  The  same  sheet  has  a  specimen  of  A.  Gibbsii  var.  on 
It,  and  the  shape  on  this  gave  the  name  undoubtedly  since  there  are 
only  flowers  on  the  Clearwater  specimen  which  forms  the  type  of 
A  cyrtoides.  Gray  evidently  thought  the  two  specimens  belonged  to 
the  same  species,  which  was  not  correct. 

94.  Astragalus  Gibbsii  Kellogg  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  2  161  f.  50  (1863). 
A.  siniPtMs  TMn- r.  Phr\ca  Piper.  Pods  variously  arched  even  into 
a  circle,  inclined  to  be  acuminate  at  both  ends,  long-pointed,  4-5  mm. 
wide  or  hisrh  often  decidedly  obcompressed  in  the  middle.  Rather 
cartilaginotis  nnd  corrngated  and  about  round  in  the  type,  opening 
first  at  base,  the  tip  mostly  erect,  on  a  stipe  about  half  as  long  as 
body.  Flowers  many,  in  a  dense  spike-like  raceme.  Banner  very  short, 
and  stubby,  mostjy  broader  than  long  and  greatly  reflexed,  the  erect 
part  3  mm.  hicb  or  less,  about  half  as  long  as  calyx  tube,  or  nearly 
as  long,  which  is  about  8  mm.  long  and  5-6  mm.  high.  Wings  broadly 
oblong,  3  mm.  wide  below  and  2  mm.  at  the  twisted  and  horizontal 


Collini.  141 

tip,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  purple-tipped.  T^eaflets  ojjloug  •  lO- 
vate,  rarelj'  oblong-ovate,  with  cuneate  base,  about  1.5  cm.  1  w.ig, 
notched.  Whole  plant  even  to  calyx  atu!  pods  finely  and  very  shoi !  ly- 
woolly.  Common  around  Reno  Nevada  and  northward,  rare  in  the 
Columbia  Basin  along  the  divide  and  running  over  to  the  131  .c  .Mts.  aud 
as  far  as  Weiser  Idaho,  also  extending  down  the  Kla  lath  river. 
Nearly  everything  referred  to  the  species  from  the  Coluinbi.3  D.siu 
is   the   variety. 

Astragalus  Gibbsii  var.  curvicarpus  (Sheldon  Minn.  Stud.  9  125 
(1894)  as  A.  speirocarpus  var.)  A.  speirocarpus  var.  falciformis  Gfiy. 
Pods  nearly  smooth,  about  3  mm.  high,  much  laterally  flattened,  often 
curved  to  a  circle,  triangular-acute.  Flowers  rarely  over  10  in  a  short 
spike,  the  banner  ovate  and  as  long  as  calyx,  wings  elongated,  2  mm. 
wide,  arched,  flaring  at  tip,  3-6  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Stems  slender 
and  ascending.  Whole  plant  nearly  smooth.  This  extends  from  Austin 
Nevada  to  the  Sierras  and  northward  along  the  rim  of  the  Columbia 
Basin  to  Baker  City  Oregon  and  Nampa  Idaho. 

95.  Astragalus  speirocarpus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  225  (1864.) 
A.  Whitedi  Piper.  Pods  triangular-acuminate  at  both  ends,  4-6  mm. 
high,  evidently  spirally  reticulated,  puberulent,  on  a  rather  stout  stipe 
about  as  long  as  calyx.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long,  with  exserted 
claws,  rather  many.  Banner  ovate  and  about  8  mm.  long,  with  sides  a 
little  reflexed,  rather  gently  arched  to  45  degrees  beyond  ialyx,  about 
4  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  about  straight,  narrowly  oblong,  a 
little  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  3  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  the 
tip  abruptly  erect  and  triangular,  base  straight,  the  claw  very  long. 
Calyx  5-8  mm.  long,  and  3  mm.  high,  about  cylindric,  but  with  the 
usual  shape,  reflexed;  teeth  rudimentary,  variably  nigrescent  with  very 
short  lax  hairs.  Peduncles  rarely  5  cm.  long,  the  rachis  about  as 
long.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  with  4-8  pairs  of  oblong-obovate,  notched 
leaflets  nearly  1  cm.  long.  Plants  ashy  throughout.  Sand  dunes  from 
Near  Yakima  and  along  the  Columbia  near  WalluUa  on  dry  prairies. 

96.  Astragalus  Alvordensis  Jones  Cont.  10  67  (1902).  Pods 
shortly-triangular  at  tip  and  rather  long-acuminate  at  base,  about  3  mm. 
hig;h,  faintly  reticulated,  almost  chartaceous,  (somewhat,  mottled, 
hardly  1  mm.  wide,  often  a  trifle  and  very  narrowly  sulcate  dorsally, 
rather  shining,  on  a  filifrom  stipe  about  1  cm.  long  and  3-5  times  as 
long  as  the  calyx.  Flowers  about  7  mm.  long,  purple-veined,  widely 
spreading,  racemose,  3-8  (pods  1-3),  on  a  rachis  3-7  cm.  long  and  with 
peduncle  rarely  over  1  cm.  long.  Banner  ovate,  arched  abruptly  beyond 
calyx  teeth  to  erect,  about  2-3  mm.  long,  with  sides  much  reflexed. 
Wings  lanceolate,  narrow,  abruptly  arched  near  the  end  of  keel  to  45 
degrees,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner. 
Keel  with  straight  base,  3  mm.  long,  tip  abruptly  erect  and  obtuse,  all 
petals  purple-veined.  Calyx  turbinate-campanulate,  about  2  mm.  long, 
5-nerved,  deeper  cleft  above  and  with  oblique  mouth,  narrowed  and 
obliquely  inserted  at  base.  Teeth  minute  and  deltoid.  Pedicels  hardly 
half  as  long  as  calyx  tube.  Peduncles  filiform  and  axillary  throughout 
Leaves  about  2-4  cm.  long,  the  petiole  none  or  about  as  long  as  lowest 
leaflet.  Leaflets  6-8  pairs,  cuneate-obovate,  notched  4-7  mm.  long, 
rather  hoary,  less  so  above.  Stems  very  slender  and  widely  branched, 
1-1.5  ft.  long,  ascending.  Alvord  valley  eastern  Oregon  Cusick,  June. 
This  unique  species  seems  like  A.  speirocarpus,  a  delicate  form,  but  the 
flowers  are  very  different  and  the  stipe  greatly  elongated  and  the  pod 
much  thinner  and  the  walls  not  old  enough  to  determine  if  they 
split  aways  as  in  the  other  species.  The  habit  is  that  of  A.  flexuosus. 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  probably  growing  in  sand. 


142  Podo-sclerocarpi 


PODO-SCLEROCARPI.  8. 


Pods  fleshy  when  fresh,  cartilagious  or  with  thick  woody 
Avails  ■when  dry  (coriaceous  in  some  forms  of  Toaniis),  not 
jointed  to  calyx  or  stipe,  neither  suture  evident  when 
fresh  but  both  conspicuous,  thick  and  raised  when  dry,  little 
if  at  all  inflated,  1-4  cm.  long,  strongly  cross  nerved,  never 
linear,  rarely  less  than  1  cm.  wide,  never  more  than  puberulent, 
not  explanate,  very  strongly  beaked,  racemose.  Flovv-ers  1-2 
cm.  long,  large,  mostly  white,  with  elongated  banner  and 
wings.  Bracts  short  and  triangular,  inconsj^icuous,  shorter 
than  the  mostly  short  and  the  stout  fruiting  pedicels.  Pods 
and  flowers  mostly-  reflexed.  Stems  green  and  rush-like,  and 
with  the  leaves,  and  petioles  much  alike.  Stipules  rigid  and 
small,  deltoid  at  base,  reflexed  above  and  green,  hyaliue  be- 
low. Leaflets  distant,  fleshy,  mostly  almost  filiform  and  thick, 
never  more  than  linear,  often  obscurely  if  at  all  jointed 
to  the  rachis.  Plants  of  the  valleys  and  alkaline  springs  or  in 
alkaline  soil,  perennials 

KEY 

A.  Pods  wholly  1-ce!led,  the  dorsal  suture  a  trifle  intruded  in  A.  pter^car- 
pus. 
AB.      Pods  sessile  at   least   when   fresh,   stipe   if  any   when   dry   very 
short  and  thick. 
ABC.      Pods  opening   nearly   equally   at   both   sutures  from  the   tip 
to  the  middle,  rarely  sulcate,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  laterally  if  at 
all   compressed,  about  straight.     Stipules   hyaline   and   connate 
toward  the  b.-5se  of  the  stems,  green  and  free  above.     Pectinati. 
ABCD.     Pods  oblong  to  lanceolate,  smooth,  distant,  full  of  pulp, 
not  inflated,  racemose  on   long  and  terminal   peduncles,  with 
beak   flat,    elongated    and    prow-like.  .    Flowers    purple,    large 
and   elongated,   about  2  cm.   long,  with   long   winqs   and   ban- 
ner   and    purple-tipped    keel,      leaflets    none    to    5   pairs,   fili- 
form  except   some   of  the    lowest,   jointed   to   the   rachis  and 
like  it.     Upper  leaflets  simple  and   rarely  at  all   enlarged  at 
tip..   Tall  and  slender  and  densely  tufted  plants. 
Pofls  erect.  07  Toaniis. 

Pods  reflexed.  9S   Kafviensis. 

ABC2D.  Pods  not  r'ecidedly  laterally  compresred,  cv^l  'o  oblong 
straight,  scarcely  at  all  oblique,  cross  section  nearly  round, 
abruptly  contracted  into  a  stout  conical  beak,  both  statures 
arched,  the  ventral  a  trifle  the  more,  sometimes  a  little  dor- 
sally,  both  sutures  very  thick,  about  1.5  cm.  long..  Flowers 
many  in  short  and  dense  spikes,  horizontal  to  a  little  re- 
flexed, mostly  white,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  straight,  with  exserted 
claws,  blades  very  long.  Banner  elliptical-oblanceolate, 
sides  much    reflexed,  ascending   in   a   gentle  curve   to   nearly 


Podo-sclerocarpi.  143 

erect  or  less.  Wings  oblong  to  narrowly  oblong,  obli  ;.ie 
and  rounded,  scarcely  arched,  about  4  mm.  longer  than  keel, 
very  thin.  Keel  7  mm.  long,  straight,  the  tip  abruptly  arched 
to  erect  and  broadly  deltoid  and  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  like 
that  of  Toanus  but  rather  narrower,  slightly  oblique  at 
tip,  hyaline,  sinuses  rounded,  teeth  much  shorter  than  tube. 
Pedicels  stout,  in  fruit  2-5  mm.  long,  in  flov\.er  very  s'  -rt 
and  about  as  long  the  subulate  bracts.  Peduncles  arrjied, 
rarely  as  long  as  the  leaves,  stout.  Leaves  about  2.5  .-  i. 
long,  ascending,  the  middle  ones  the  largest.  Petioles  al- 
most none,  angled.  Leaves  very  wide  and  short.  Leaflets 
coarsely  1-nerved,  about  3  pairs  (rarely  10  pairs  in  pectina- 
tus),  2.5-5  cm.  long,  linear  when  flat,  almost  filiform  when 
folded,  rarely  linear-oblanceolate,  often  alternate,  arcuite, 
acute,  mostly  not  jointed  to  the  short  rachis.  Stipules 
green,  reddish  below,  very  long  tipped.  Stems  sulcnte 
strongly,  nearly  2  ft.  high,  not  tangled,  moderately  stout, 
barely  flexuous,  with  internodes  shorter  than  the  upper 
leaves.  Plants  ashy-pubescent.  Stipules  conspicuous.  Pub- 
escence of  broad  and  flat  hairs  attached  by  base  and  closely 
appressed.  Roots  stout  thick  and  erect.  From  the  Green 
river  bad  lands  cf  Wyoming  to  Kansas  and  northward  in  al- 
kaline soil.  Upperi  part  of  Lower  and  lower  part  of  Middle 
Temperate  life  zones. 
To  is  erect.  99  Grayi. 

Pods  reflexed.  loo  pectinatus. 

AE2C.     Pods  opening   most  along  the  ventral  suture  except  at  tip 
and  mostly  first  at  tip.     Ventral  suture  either  straight  or  con- 
cave, never  arched  as  much  as  the  dorsal.     Sutures  not  raised 
in    the    green    state,    but    evidently    so    in    the    dry.      Pods    in- 
clined to  be  obcompressed,  angled  or  winged  when  dry,  strict- 
ly  1-celled    (the    dorsal    s'jture   a   trifle    impressed    in    pterocar- 
pus)   conspicuously  falcate,  not   inflated,  ascending   as  well   as 
flowers.      Stems   rather  zigzag   and   flexuous.      Leaves   narrow, 
short-petioled,   with    several    pairs   of   mostly   straight    leaflets. 
Stipules   small,    not   connate. 
AB2CD.      Pods    with    rounded    sides,    not    all    angled    or   winged, 
purple    or    mottled,    oblong-lanceolate    and    acuminate    at   tip 
and   shortly  so  at   base,  about   1   cm.  wide.      Flowers   purple, 
racemose,  loose.     Stems  few  in  a  place  and  inclined  to  be  de- 
cumbent.    Growing  in  well  drained  gravelly  sagebrush  slopes 
pr3ferably  where  there  is  a  little  alkali  seep. 
Pods  narrow,  nearly  round  in  cross-section.  loi   Case!. 

AB2C2D.  Pods  when  dry  laterally  winged  and  with  wings  2  mm, 
wide,  sessile,  erect  (as  well  as  the  flowers  except  rarely 
in  A.  pterocarpus),  acute  but  not  acuminate  at  tip,  obtuse 
but  narrowed  at  base,  very  finely  cross-veined,  smooth,  3-4 
cm.  long,  arcuate,  with  sutures  narrow  and  not  much  thick- 
ened. Flowers  short-spicate.  Calyx  triangular-aftute  at 
base,  the  lower  side  straight,  upper  side  a  trifle  arched,  at- 
tached on  lower  corner,  hyaline.  Terminal  leaflet  not  jointed 
to  rachis,  leaflets  not  early  deciduous  but  attached  by  very 
delicate  petiolules,  linear,  rarely  the  lowest  ones  narrowly 
oblong.  Leaves  not  widely  spreading.  Densely  tufted 
stems  slender  and  nearly  straight,  erect,  freely  branched 
mostly,  from  woody  root,  succulent  and  very  hard  to  dry. 
Growing  in  low  places. 
Fods  bio.id,  much  ohconipressed  and  2-\vinged.  102  pterocarpus. 
Tods  narrow,  not  (lattened,  4-winged.  103  tetrapterus. 


144  rouo-scierocarpi. 

A2B.  Pods  conspicuously  stipitate,  with  stipe  longer  than  calyx  and 
recurved,  and  the  body  very  falcate  upwards,  acuminate  at  both 
ends  but  most  at  base,  opening  first  at  base  and  through  the 
stipe,  much  laterally  flatened  at  tip  and  base,  conspicuously  ob- 
compressed  in  the  middle  when  mature  and  corrugated  finely, 
not  hairy,  rounded  on  the  sides  but  appearing  almost  as  if 
winged  at  the  thick  and  raised  sutures  when  dry,  and  cartila- 
ginous, elongated-lunate,  2-5  cm.  long  including  the  stipe.  Leaf- 
lets several  pairs,  narrow,  all  jointed  to  rachis  by  slender  petio- 
lules,  obtuse.  Flowers  1-1.5  cm.  long,  the  petals  not  elongated 
nor  stubby,  ascending.  Calyx  campanulate  to  short-cylindric, 
about  5  mm.  long,  hyaline  and  black-hairy,  the  teeth  shorter 
than  the  tube.  Pedicels  short  and  stout,  recurved  in  fruit. 
Bracts  ovate  to  triangular,  1-2  mm.  long,  about  as  long  as  pedi- 
cels. Banner  arched  45  to  80  denrees  remote  from  calyx  tip, 
the  blade  9  mm.  long  and  with  sides  reflexed.  Wings  nar- 
rowly oblong,  arched  15  to  20  degrees,  2  mm.  shorter  than  ban- 
ner. Keel  wide,  the  tip  rounded  and  very  obtuse,  straight,  in- 
curved at  tip  to  80  to  100  degrees.  Stioules  snill,  green, 
Stems  tufted  from  a  woody  root,  about  2  ft.  high,  ratho--  flexuous, 
with  internodes  less  than  half  as  long  ns  the  leaves,  somewhat 
ashy  throughout.  Plants  of  the  upper  edge  of  the  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone,  in  dry  places,  blooming  in  early  summer. 
Sclerocarpi. 

Pods  narrow,  acuminate  at  hr.tli  t-ntls.  104  srlr-rocarpus. 

A.  Pods  either  wholly  or  partly  2-celled  by  the  intrusion  of  the 
dorsal  and  ventral  sutures  but  partition  never  complete  by  the 
union  of  the  sutures,  with  the  tip  1-celled,  mostly  slightly  in- 
flated, 1.5-4  cm.  long,  5-7  mm.  high,  7-10  mm.  wide,  inclined  to 
be  a  little  obcompressed  except  in  A.  pachypus.  smooth,  very 
fleshy  and  nearly  round  when  fresh,  with  firmer  inner  wall, 
the  pulp  about  1  mm.  thick,  the  cavity  filled  with  pulpy  fluid  when 
green,  coarsely  wrinkled  or  cross-ringed  and  woody  when  dry, 
never  reflexed,  oblique,  oblong,  a  little  arched  by  the  ventral 
suture  being  concave  and  raised,  abruptly  contracted  into  a  stout 
conical-subulate  beak  2-5  mm.  long,  with  sutures  prominent  ex- 
ternally, opening  along  the  ventral  suture  and  first  at  tin. 
Flowers  and  pods  ascending,  the  former  rather  narrow,  loosely 
racemose,  widely  spreading,  rather  few  on  the  upper  third  of 
peduncle,  about  2  cm.  long.  Banner  oblong-ovate,  gently  arched 
to  60  to  80  degrees  at  c:ilyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  to  midrib 
most  below,  with  tip  n'tohed.  'Vings  oblong,  oblique,  1  cm.  long, 
obtuse,  concave  to  keel,  with  tips  touching  beyond  it,  longer  than 
keel  and  much  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  Ll^de  about  3  n:  n. 
Petals  thin  and  with  exserted  claws.  Calyx  tube  narrowed  be- 
low to  the  lower  corner  where  it  is  attached  by  a  slight  angle 
to  the  pedicel,  somewhat  fleshy  below,  cleft  deeper  above,  later- 
ally flattened;  teeth  triangular-subulate.  Bracts  about  2-3  mm. 
long,  triangular-subulate  to  ovate.  Pedicels  in  fruit  stout  and 
woody,  about  3  mm.  long.  Peduncles  stout  and  strict,  1.5  3  dm. 
long  including  the  flcr  |  rrxhis  twice  rs  I  j  ?s  t'^e  leaves.  Mid- 
dle leaves  the  longest.  Leaflets  all  jointed  to  petiole,  thick  and 
I'^.ithery  and  fle.sh-,  .it  least  some  of  the^i'.  linear.  Proper  peti- 
oles short  l.ut  r- cH  T  of  leaf  and  tanering  and  1-1.5  dm.  lonq. 
Stems  straggling  ^  ward,  not  very  stout,  sulcate,  branched  below. 
1-2  feet  high,  flexuous.  Internodes  much  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Stipules  rigid,  green,  reflexed,  small.  Pubescence  minute,  ashy. 
Alkali-loving  plants  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  Pachypodes. 
2AB.  Pods  splitting  to  the  middle  from  the  tip  along  both  sutures, 
sessile  when  fresh  (the  drying  of  the  flesh  makes  it  seem  a 
little  stipitate.)         lowers  rurple-tipped,   in   rather  long  and  very 


ruuo-scierocarpi.  145 

loose  racemes.  Banner  greatly  elongated  and  much  longer 
than     the     wings     and     short    keel.  Wings     nearly    straight, 

about  3  mm.  longer  than  keel,  2  mm.  wide.  Keel  about  5  mm. 
long,  abruptly  arched  to  90  degrees  at  the  very  obtuse  tip 
which  is  as  high  as  the  base  is  long.  Calyx  tube<  oblong,  about 
7  mm.  long,  3  mm.  high  and  1.5  mm.  wide,  the  teeth  about 
half  to  a  third  as  long.  Leaflets  1-3  pairs,  all  but  the  lowest 
sharp  and  linear,  flat,  often  falcate,  inclined  to  taper  above, 
very  distant. 

Leaflets  linear.  io6  Serenoi. 

Leaflets  lanceolate  or  broader.  107  canonis. 

2A2B.  Pods  with  thick  and  jointless  stipe  which  is  fully  as 
long  as  calyx,  the  pod  narrowly  oblong,  short-pointed,  arcuate, 
and  with  the  stout  and  arched  stipe  forming  a  third  of  a  circle, 
not  completely  2-celled  because  the  two  sutures  though  touch- 
ing do  not  unite,  much  laterally  flattened  when  dry  and  with 
the  partition  splitting  double  and  the  pod  opening  at  tip  at 
at  both  sutures  for  a  short  distance  only  and  the  dorsal  open- 
ing to  the  base  and  into  the  stipe  but  not  through  it  nor  the 
partition.  Flowers  shortly  racemose  and  rather  few,  nearly 
horizontal,    white.  Calyx    tube     rnmpanulate,     abruptly     con- 

tracted below,  with  the  upper  side  arched  and  the  lower 
straight,  reflexed  in  fruit  but  the  pod  erect,  with  teeth  as  long 
as  tube.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  with  slender  rachis  and 
somewhat  tapering,  and  with  many  obtuse  and  mostly  folded 
leaflets  about  1-2-5  cm.  long.  Stems  hoary,  rather  weakly 
ascending    and    little    branched,    shrubby   below,   2-4   ft.    long. 

Pods  narrow,  on  a  very  thick  stipe.  108  pachypus. 

97.  Astragalus  Toanus  Jonps  Zoe  3  296  (1893).  Pods  acumin- 
ate, lanceolate  to  oblonglanceolate,  appressed  and  erect,  mostly  de- 
cidedly laterally  flattened,  in  short  racemes  at  the  tip  of  peduncle 
which  is  strict.  The  sutures  evident  but  not  very  thick  uniting  in 
a  pungent  and  triangular  beak,  body  slightly  cross-ribbed,  with  the  ven- 
tral suture  about  straight,  the  dmsal  arched.  Texture  coriaceous 
when  dry  but  with  the  walls  much  thinner  than  in  other  Podo-sclero- 
cprpi.  About  1.5-2c-<v.  Inner,  and  4-.5  mm.  high,  and  2-o  mm.  wide  when 
dry.  When  fresh  the  walb  about  2  mm.  thick,  with  thin  outer  skin 
and  soft  fleshy  substance  up  to  the  woody  inner  wall.  Banner  oblong 
and  notched,  with  white  spot  nearly  square  and  coming  within  4 
mm.  of  tin,  with  sides  reflexed  a  little  at  base,  the  blade  1.25  cm. 
long,  gently  arched  from  calyx  to  45  degrees,  veined.  Wings  barely 
arched,  linear,  concave  to  keel  and  flaring  beyond,  white  beyond 
the  keel,  rounded,  nenrly  5  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  1 
ram.  long,  2  mm.  wide  at  base  and  3  mm.  at  tip,  the  base  straight 
to  tin  where  it  is  arched  in  very  short  arc  to  erect,  the  tip  very 
broadly  deltoid.  Calyx  long-campanulate,  nearly  5  mm.  long  and  3 
mm.  wide,  base  straight,  upper  side  arched,  oblique  at  both  ends,  cleft 
deeper  above,  laetrally  flattened,  teeth  deltoid  and  1  mm.  long,  tube 
reddish  and  ashy.  The  flowers  are  about  the  color  of  A.  Utahensis, 
pinkish-purple  except  for  the  white  wings,  ascending.  The  pods  are 
very  variable  in  relative  length  and  acuteness  as  well  as  amount  of 
compression.  Plants  ashy  when  young,  densely  tufted  in  a  round 
clump  with  innumerable  slender,  sulcate  stems  erect,  not  flexuous, 
about  2  ft.  high,  with  a  strong  smell  of  cabbage  when  bruised.  Ped- 
icels stout  and  ascending.  Peduncles  at  least  1  dm.  long.  Leaves 
5-8  cm.  long  and  narrow.  Stipules  reflexed  above,  with  nearly  subu- 
late tip.  Internodes  often  1  dm  long.  Leaflets  rudimentary  to  2 
cm.  long,  channeled.  On  the  high  plains  of  central  Nevada  from 
Contact   and    Ferguson    Springs    Nevada    to   Burbank    Utah    near   Jeff 


146  r-t>uo-scierocarpl. 

Davis  (Wheeler's)  Peak,  and  probably  north  through  the  desert, 
Growing  in  strongly  salty  places  in  clay,  along  with  Sarcobatas. 
Blooming  in   May,   fruiting  in   June. 

98.  Astrac;alus  Rafaelensis  N.  Sp.  Pods  oblong,  nearly  round, 
about  1.5  cm.  long  and  .5  8  mm.  wide,  abruptly  rounded  at  both  ends, 
with  very  short  and  deltoid  apiculate  beak,  the  ventral  suture  con- 
spicuously arched  and  the  dorsal  nearly  straight,  reflexed  on  stout 
pedicels,  which  are  3-5  mm.  long  and  which  fully  equal  the  ovate 
bracts,  in  long  racemes  on  slender  peduncles,  splitting  thro^igh  both 
sutures  to  the  base  till  the  valves  fall  away.  Flowers  reflexed  early, 
light-purple  or  white  and  tinged  with  pink,  scattered.  Banner  nar- 
rowly ovate,  about  2.5  cm.  long,  wtih  sides  inclined  to  be  reflexed 
which  makes  it  seem  linear-oblong,  barely  notched,  the  reflexed 
area  about  3  mm.  wide  at  point  3  mm.  back  of  keel  but  not  at  all  at 
tip.  "^Tiite  spot  deltoid,  barely  colored  except  for  the  light-purple 
veins,  3-5  mm.  long.  Groove  a  half  circle  at  keel  tip  and  1  mm.  deep 
and  shallowing  quickly,  the  banner  a  little  hooded  at  tip,  and  erect 
at  point  4  mm.  beyond  the  calyx  tips.  Wings  nearly  straight,  ob- 
long oblanceolate,  base  2  mm.  wide  and  3  mm.  wide  above,  pink  at 
base  and  white  beyond  keel  and  6  mm.  longer,  acutish  but  rounding 
toward  tip.  Keel  straight,  arched  to  100  degrees  in  a  sharp  arc  at 
the  end,  deep  purple  and  barely  acute.  Calyx  pink,  about  as  long  as 
wide,  barely  laterally  flattened,  straight,  smooth,  scarcely  narrowed 
at  tip  and  cleft  but  little  deeper  there,  nerved.  Teeth  triangular,  2  mm  • 
leg.  Tube  4  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide,  hyaline,  red.  Pedicel  insert'i'u 
about  one  third  the  way  from  the  lower  corner,  about  2  mm.  long. 
Stipules  connate  nearly  to  the  tip  below,  nearly  distinct  above,  re- 
flexed, nearly  hyaline  throughout.  Leaves  more  filiform  than  usual 
channeled,  of  1-2  pairs  of  delicate  leaflets  which  are  rarely  over  1.5  cm. 
long.  The  plants  grow  in  very  dense  tufts  with  very  many  stems  in 
a  b'mch  from  a  woody  root,  about  2  feet  hi2;h.  str;'ight,  in  san(iv 
places  on  sandstone  ridges,  there  being  no  particular  evidence  rf 
alk'H.  though  soil  is  alkaline  near  Cedar  Mt.  Utah  which  is  near 
Woodside,  4  500  feet  alt.  in  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  M:iv 
19,  ]l^t').  This  is  an  interesting  addition  to  this  group  and  is  evi- 
dently closely  allied  to  A.  Toanus. 

99.  Astragalus  Gray!  Parry  Am.  Nat.  8  212  (1874).  Pods  erect 
to  ascending,  narrowly-oblong,  taper-pointed,  not  splitting  the  calyx, 
about  3  mm.  wide,  little  more  than  coriaceous,  half-exserted  from 
calyx,  about  like  those  of  A.  Toanus,  its  thicker  forms  but  not  com- 
pv.  sse'L  tie  dorsal  suture  nearly  straight  and  tip  the  nrolongntion  of 
it.  ventral  decidedly  arched  and  pod  appearing  inverted,  not  fleshy 
noticeably.  Flowers  rather  spicate,  many,  on  subterminal  peduncles 
longer  than  t-he  leaves.  Calyx  teeth  inclined  to  be  subulate.  Leaves 
about  8-10  c!u.  long.  Leaflets  ?.-4  cm.  long,  not  folded,  apiculate, 
about  4-5  mm.  wide,  a  little  wider  above,  jointed  to  the  rachis,  2-3 
pairs.  Tnternodes  about  3  cm.  long.  Green  River  Desert  W^yoming, 
sandy  hills. 

100.  Astragalus  pectinatus  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  141-2 
t  54  (1830).  Tragacantha  Kuntze.  Phaca  Hook.  Ctenoiihyllura  Ryd- 
berg.  Pods  closely  reflexed,  oblong-oval  to  elliptical,  rarely  nearly 
globose,  obtuse  but  very  strongly  apiculate-beaked,  rarey  triangular- 
acute  and  oblong,  conspicuously  fleshy  and  with  sutures  raised  at  least 
1  mm.  in  the  dry  pods,  splitti'^g  the  calyx  .generally  rugose,  1-1.5  cm. 
long,  9-12  mm.  wide,  about  4  mm.  thick,  normally  9  by  7  mm.  long  and 
wide,  when  fresh  the  i)ods  are  traversely  oval  in  cross  section  and  a 
little  sulcate  ventrally,  the  dorsal  suture  a  little  raised.  Flowers  nor- 
mally rich  cream-colored,  white  below,  about  1.3-2  cm.  long.  Banner 
arched  from  45  to  90°,  sides  reflexed  most  above  and  making  it  seem 
taper-pointed,  tip  very  thin  and  erose,  base  thick  and  fleshy.  Calyx 
teeth  inclined  to  deltoid.  Bracts  stiff,  green  or  scarious,  linear-lanceolate 


rouo-scierocarpl.  14? 

4-6  mm.  long,  racemes  short  and  on  a  very  short  peduncle,  clustered 
"mcng  the  leaves  in  fruit.  Leaflets  3-10  pairs,  not  jointed  to  rachis. 
From  southwestern  Kansas  on  the  Plains,  to  the  mountains  and  north- 
ward to  the  Saskatchewan,  westward  through  northern  Colorado  to 
western  Wyoming,  growing  in  rather  alkaline  meadows.  Its  place  is 
taken  in  the  Navajo  Basin  by  A.  lonchocarpus.  Not  on  the  Pacific 
slope  except  in  Wyoming. 

Astragalus  pectinatus  var.  pla  typhyllus  Jones  Cont.  10  87  (1902). 
This  is  a  form  with  leaflets  nearly  5  mm.  wide  after  the  style  of  A. 
Grayi  but  decurrent  on  the  winged  rachis  toward  the  tip  of  the  leaf, 
.3ome  leaflets  jointed  to  the  rachis.  Bitter  Creek  Wyoming,  Nelson. 

101.  Astragalus  Case!  Cxray  Bot.  Cal.  1  154  (1876).  Pods  with 
^ross  section  oblong  to  linear  when  dry,  when  fresh  oval  to  reniform 
-r  even  almost  that  of  the  figure  8  l^id  on  its  side,  about  4-5  cm. 
long,  6-8  mm.  wide,  2-5  mm.  high,  puberulent,  bent  into  the  shape  of 
R  by  the  tip  being  upcurved  and  the  base  declined,  with  sutures  nar- 
rov/  externally  and  prominent,  sessile,  pendent  to  horizontal,  wider 
l)elo-'*'  the  middle,  splitting  the  calyx,  often  shallow-sulcate  ventrally 
pnd  usually  so  dorsally,  rugose  when  dry,  weakly  attached  to  calyx. 
Flesh  variable  but  never  very  thick.  Flowers  not  over  2  cm.  Ions:, 
nearly  sessile,  few,  at  the  ends  of  long  peduncles.  Banner  oblong- 
rvate.  deeT^ly  notched,  9  mm.  long,  abruptly  arched  to  60  degrees  a 
I'ttle  beyond  the  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  most  in  the  middle  to 
about  90  degrees  to  blade  and  4  mm,  wide  there  but  not  at  all  at  tip. 
'"ronve  U-shaped.  1  mm.  wide,  2  mm.  deep,  very  narrow  below  and 
'  ■•'^adening  into  a  wide  arc  at  tip  of  banner.  White  spot  fan-shaped, 
filling  the  groove  only,  cut  bv  wide  and  purple  streaks,  coming  within 
3  mm.  of  tin  of  banner.  Wings  '^blanceolate,  rounded,  entire,  con- 
cave to  keel,  both  flarine  and  about  2  mm.  apart  at  tip,  purple- 
streaked  at  base,  white  above,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel,  not  over  2 
mm.  wide.  Keel  short,  with  tip  white  and  purple  below,  quickly 
rounded  to  90  degrees,  obtuse,  3  mm.  high,  base  straight.  Calyx 
oblong  to  cylindrical,  3-8  mm.  long.  2  mm.  wide  and  high,  with  up- 
per side  arched  .lower  side  straight,  attached  on  lower  fleshy  cor- 
ner. 5-ribbed  by  nerves  running  through  from  tips  of  calyx  teeth, 
scarcely  flattened  laterally  or  but  little.  Teeth  deltoid  to  subulate- 
triangular,  1-2  mm.  long.  Fruiting  pedicels  very  stout,  shorter  than 
(he  bracts,  i^t  flower  1  'iim.  long.  Bracts  conspicuous,  rigid,  often  4 
'"'m.  long.  Peduncles  and  rachis  1.5-2  dm.  long,  loosely  flowered  on 
the  upper  third.  Leaflets  2-7  pairs,  obtuse.  Lower  pairs  of  leaflets 
rf  middle  leaves  about  2.5  cm.  long,  not  over  4  mm.  wide,  uppermost 
-"ften  verv  mvr\\  reduced,  mostly  5-9  mm.  long,  narrowly  oblong  to 
linear  oblong  rigid,  distant,  usually  folded,  pubescent  on  both  sides 
obtuse,  netiolulf'te.  jointed  to  rachis.  Rachis  of  leaf  elongated,  fili- 
form. 3-10  cm.  lo'ig.  Lower  leaves  short.  Stems  1-2  ft  high,  widely 
branched  and  spreading,  very  zigzag,  pubescence  ashy  with  minute 
pnrressed  and  muricate  hairs.  Stipules  rigid,  green,  deltoid,  reflexed 
3-5  mm.  lonsr.  Rather  common  in  the  sagebrush  from  Pyramid  Lake 
to  Death  Valley  along  the  eastern  side  of  the  Sierras  in  rather  bare 
spots,  eastward  to  Candelaria,  Tonapah  and  also  in  the  Panamint  Mts. 
Lower  Temnerate  life  zone.  It  has  the  appearance  somewhat  of  A. 
I..aynea9  and  is  easily  miftaken  for  it  when  t  he  pods  have  become  sul- 
cate  dorsally  in  the  drying.     It  blooms  in  the  early   summer. 

102.  Astragalus  pterocarpus  Watson  Bot.  King.  71  t  12  (1871). 
Pods  completely  obcompressed.  winged  on  the  sides  only,  ovate  to  el- 
liptical, rather  wider  below  the  middle,  S-shaped,  equally  acute  at 
•^ach  end,  not  acuminate,  1  cm.  wide.  4  cm.  long  and  2-3  mm.  thick, 
in  the  dry  pods  the  cross  nerves  raised  and  branched  along  the  mar- 
srin,  tip  acute  and  laterally  compressed,  cross  section  linear,  very 
weakly  attached  to  and  splitting  the  calyx,  opening  at  base  and  apex 
equally    at    both    sutures    and    along    the    ventral    suture    later,    when 


148  rouo-scierocarpi. 

fresh  grass-green  to  brownish  and  becoming  reddish,  very  fleshy 
with  walls  about  2  mm.  thiclv,  not  at  all  woody  and  with  thin 
Inner  skin-like  wall,  the  whole  becomes  when  dry  spongily  carti- 
laginous, the  dorsal  suture  is  a  trifle  thickened  when  fresh,  pod 
then  smooth  and  not  at  all  wrinkled  or  nerved,  thick-winged  and 
wing  obtuse,  when  dry  wing  is  sharp  and  thin.  Flowers  pink-purple, 
about  1  cm.  long,  7-9,  congested.  Banner  oval-ovate,  retuse,  abruptly 
arched  to  45  degrees  at  end  of  calyx  tube,  sides  reflexed  fully  3  mm. 
wide  from  middle  up  but  not  turned  far  back,  groove  V-shaped, 
fully  2  mm.  deep  below,  about  1  mm.  wide  and  widening  to  3  mm. 
above,  white  spot  oblong-fan-shaped  and  purple  lined  and  lacerate 
above,  filling  the  groove,  the  rest  of  banner  purple.  Wings  nar- 
rowly oblong,  straight,  rounded  at  tip,  flaring  about  equally  2  mm. 
below  tip  and  then  turned  nearly  horizontal  as  in  A.  amphioxys,  1  mm. 
longer  than  keel,  about  2  mm.  wide  and  much  narrower  than  keel, 
purple,  very  blunt.  Keel  short,  straight,  at  tip  sharply  arched  to  90 
degrees,  very  obtuse,  purple,  3  mm.  high,  ,5  mm.  long.  Bracts  trian- 
gular, green,  rigid,  conspicuous,  shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Pedicels 
stout  in  fruit,  3-5  mm.  long.  Peduncles  about  1  dm.  long,  sulcate, 
rather  stout  and  strict.  Fruiting  rachis  ab^ut  5  cm.  long.  Leaves  not 
over  8  cm.  long,  almost  sessile.  Petioles  about  1  cm.  long,  the  rachis 
filiform  and  persistent  and  rigid.  Leaflets  not  jointed  to  rachis.  2-4 
pairs,  linear,  channeled  sharply  acute,  2.5-4  cm.  long,  hardly  1  mm. 
wide,  sometimes  arched  a  little,  distant,  strongly  1-nerved,  puberulent 
on  both  sides,  about  as  wide  as  rachis,  the  terminal  one  represented 
by  it  and  and  not  enlarged.  Stipules  green,  closely  reflexed,  trian- 
gular, spreading  to  reflexed.  Stems  weak  and  outer  ones  ascending 
only,  sulcate,  proper  stems  rarely  over  2  dm.  long,  ashy.  This  grows 
along  the  flats  of  the  Humboldt  Nevada,  along  with  salt  grass,  Spo- 
robolus  and  the  like.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  This  has  the  habit 
and  general  appearance  of  A.  pectinatus,  and  grows  in  similar  meadows 
103.  Astragalus  tetrapterus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  369  nSTSV 
Pods  4-angled,  not  conspicuously  obcompressed,  when  dry  shining  and 
smooth,  with  fine  cross  veins  sometimes  branched  in  the  middle.  4- 
winged  by  having  both  sutures  raised  as  wings  as  well  as  the  sir'es 
produced  in  short  wings,  with  cross  section  diamond  shaped,  often 
oblntely  so,  pod  naTowly  oblong,  inclined  to  be  broader  above,  the 
base  and  tip  triangular  acute,  in  the  green  pods  they  are  only  4-angled, 
P'M-nle-snotted.  with  solid  walls  fleshy  but  not  woody  and  2  mm.  thick, 
internal  cavity  then  inclined  to  be  linear  showing  that  the  pod  is 
really  obcompressed,  pod  about  4  cm.  long,  1  cm.  wide  and  5  mm. 
high,  falcate  like  a  ramshorn,  not  splitting  the  calyx,  the  valves  when 
rii)e  curling  out  at  tip.  not  more  thnn  coriaceous  when  rii)e.  Flowers 
subcapit-.te.  5-9,  white  or  purple,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  narrow  erect,  banner 
oblong  (linear  as  you  look  at  it),  4  mm.  wide,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  arched 
in  gentle  arc  to  45  to  60  degrees,  notched,  with  pink  veins  near  the 
keel  tip,  5-8  mm.  longer  than  keel,  sides  most  reflexed  (to  90  degrees) 
opposite  keel,  narrowly  fiddle  shaped,  reflexed  part  1  mm.  wide, 
groove  narrowly  V-shaped  and  ?  mm.  deep  below  keel  and  shallowing 
almost  into. a  nerve  at  tip.  Wings  close  pressed  to  keel  to  within 
2  mm.  rf  'ts  tij)  and  then  spreading  to  2  mm.  apart  a,t  the  ends, 
concave  to  keel  and  parallel  to  it,  2  mm.  wide,  with  involute  edges, 
about  half  as  wide  as  keel,  linear,  obtuse,  nearly  straight,  white 
or  purple,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  a  little  downwardly  arched 
and  then  bent  in  a  half  circle  to  the  obtuse  tip,  pink  or  purple-  tip- 
ped, 6  mm.  longer  than  calyx  tips.  Calyx  slightly  angled,  greenish- 
white,  about  7  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  laterally  compressed,  erect, 
narrowly  oblong,  nearly  straight,  gibbous,  the  nerves  less  evident 
and  farther  apart  than  in  pterocarpus.  Teeth  subulate,  2  mm.  long 
Pedicels  slender  when  dry,  4  mm.  long,  strict,  inclined  to  be  2-bracted 
near  calyx.    Bracts  very  small,  barely  2  mm.  long,  triangular.    Peduu- 


f-uuo-scierocappl.  149 

cles  not  longer  than  the  leaves,  slender,  3-8  cm.  long,  strict.  Leaves 
6-8  cm.  long,  rather  close-pressed  to  stems,  the  lower  the  smallest, 
often  very  small.  Leaflets  7-10  pairs,  the  upper  ones  sharply  acute, 
narrowly  elliptical  to  linear,  thick,  the  largest  1-2"  cm.  long,  the 
smallest  often  minute  and  very  broad  and  obtuse,  1-3  mm.  wide,  in- 
clined to  be  smooth  above,  and  ashy-white  below,  the  hairs  short  wide, 
close-pressed.  Stipules  subulate,  almost  free,  reddish.  Internodes 
short  and  stems  therefore  leafy,  1-2  ft.  long,  rather  rigid,  somewhat 
suloate,  simple  or  branched,  almost  smoo'th.  Plants  g'rowing  in 
sany  soil  inclined  to  alkali  among  junipers  and  bloom  in  April  and 
May.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  Cobre  Nevada  with  purple  flow- 
ers. Fort  Hamilton  near  Kanarra  Utah  and  south  to  the  Grand 
Canon  and  Kanab. 

Astragalus  tetrapterus  var.  Capricornus  N.  Var.  Flowers  purple, 
about  two  thirds  as  long  as  in  the  type  and  petals  less  elongated,  in 
loose  heads.  Leaves  nearly  smooth  or  equally  ashy,  inclined  to  be 
narrower  and  shorter,  upper  leaflets  inclined  to  be  narrow  and  pun- 
gently  acute.  Pods  arched  mostly  into  a  circle  and  wings  more  de- 
veloped, mostly  mottled.  Growing  in  loose  soil  among  the  sage- 
brush at  Cobre  Nevada,  in  dense  tufts  about  a  foot  high  from  a  woody 
root. 

104,  Astragalus  sclerocarpus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  225  (1864). 
Phaca  podocarpa  Hooker.  Pods  hoary  when  young,  nearly  glabrous 
when  ripe,  not  mottled,  from  lunate  and  about  1  cm.  long  and  tri- 
angular acute,  to  falcate  to  one  third  circle,  long-pointed  and  2.5  cm. 
loTig.  conspicuously  flattened  when  young  throughout  laterally,  nearly 
1  cm.  high  from  tip  of  suture  to  suture,  in  age  the  body  becomes  much 
cbcompressed  in  the  middle  only  and  its  cross  section  is  oblately 
ovQl  when  dry,  it  is  circular  when  fresh  and  without  a  trace 
cf  wings  and  is  green.  The  stipe  is  twice  the  calyx  to  2.5  cm.  long  and 
falcate,  stout.  The  beak  is  short  and  stout  or  acuminate,  upcurved. 
Pods  about  the  shape  of  A.  pachypus  but  with  slender  stipe.  The 
flowers  are  white  or  tinged  with  purple  and  delicate  (not  thick  as  in 
Gibbsii),  base  of  petals  the  more  colored.  Banner  abruptly  erect  from 
a  point  about  3  mm.  beyond  cnlyx  tube,  oval-ovate,  the  erect  part 
about  7  mm.  long,  as  you  look  at  it  the  banner  is  deltoid  or  short-oblong 
by  the  sides  being  reflexed  to  the  midrib  throughout  for  a  space  2  mm. 
'vide  or  more.  Sulcus  U-shaped  below  and  shallowing  upwards  to  a 
mere  groove  W:ngs  narrowly  oblong,  concave  to  keel,  close  pressed 
to  it  and  flaring  beyond,  arched  about  15  degrees  gently,  narrower  than 
keel,  rounded.  5  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  little  shorter  than  ban- 
ner. 2  mm.  wide.  Keel  with  straight  base,  the  tip  shortly  arched  to 
100  degrees,  very  obtuse,  purple.  Calyx  tube  about  5  mm.  long,  with 
straight  base  and  upper  side  arched,  cleft  deeper  above,  somewhat 
narrowed  and  fleshy  below  and  obliquely  attached  but  stipe  in  line  with 
base,  triangular  teeth  about  1  mm.  long.  Peduncles  subterminal, 
1-1.5  dm.  long,  stout,  racemosely  flowered  above  the  middle  and  elon- 
gating in  age.  Bracts  minute.  Leaflets  6-9  pairs,  broadly  linear 
when  flat  but  mostly  folded,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  weakly  attached  and  soon 
falling.  Petioles  about  as  long  as  the  internodes  and  shorter  than  the 
le;if-rachis,  persistent  and  rather  rigid.  Stipules  ovate-acuminate, 
very  small.  Rtems  rather  weak  and  subdecumbent,  freely  branched 
throughout,  about  6  dm.  long,  the  upper  stems  very  weak  and  often 
aborting,  plants  soon  wilting  and  not  fleshy  thickened  as  in  most  of 
the  group,  inclined  to  be  hoary  with  minute  pubescence,  the  older 
leaves  less  so.  in  the  Columbia  Basin  only,  mostly  along  the  Columbia 
from  Umatilla  to  the  Dalles  and  north  to  Ellensburg,  near  the  Mal- 
heur river  Cusick.     It  grows  on  sand  dunes. 

105.  Astragalus  bicristatus  Gray  P.  A.  A.  17  75  (1883).  Pod3 
with  apex  much  arched,  hamate-incurved,  triangular-acute,  narrowly 
oblong,  larger  above  the  middle,  body  about  1-2.5  cm.  long;  not  sulcate. 


150  '       Preussii. 

Bides  rounded  and  coarsely  net-veined,  smooth,  mottled;  base  tapering 
Into  a  stipe  a  little  longer  than  the  calyx;  cross  section  inclined  to  be 
quadrangular  to  linear  when  dry,  when  fresh  probably  oblate-oval. 
Ovary  glabrous.  Flowers  1-1.5  cm.  long,  white  or  purple-tinged,  blades 
of  i)etals  longer  than  calyx.  Banner  oblong-ovate,  acutish,  gently 
urched  beyond  calyx  tips  to  45  degrees.  Wings  a  trifle  longer  than 
keel,  narrow,  nearly  straight,  little  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  blade 
short,  with  the  abruptly  arched  erect  tip  acutish,  5  mm.  long,  3  mm. 
high;  claw  exserted.  Calyx  5  mm.  long,  campanulate  in  the  type, 
tube  3  mm.  long,  cleft  deeper  above,  puberulent;  teeth  subulate,  from 
a  broad  base,  about  one  half  the  tube.  Bracts  ovate,  small.  Fruiting 
pedicels  2  mm.  long.  Peduncles  including  rachis  often  1  ft.  long,  stout, 
floriferous  on  the  upper  third.  Spikes  either  short  and  dense,  or  elon- 
gated and  lax  at  last.  Petiole  very  short.  Leaves  including  rachis 
1-1.5  cm.  long.  Leafltes  7-12  pairs,  sometimes  acute,  1.5-2  cm.  long. 
nearly  linear,  flat.  Lower  stipules  not  connate.  Plants  somewhat 
-ashy,  rather  stout.  In  gravelly  places  on  the  desert  side  of  the  San 
.■;eni:;rdino    Mts.    California. 

Astragalus  bicristatus  Var.  tetrapteroides  Jones  Cont.  10  59  (1902). 
Pods  a  little  winged  at  the  sutures;  stipe  twice  the  calyx.  Flowers  in 
dense  heads  which  scarcely  elongate  with  age.  large.  Calyx  teeth 
barely  one  third  the  tube.  Peduncles  only  a  little  longer  than  the 
leaves.  Bear  Valley  in  the  same  range,  hardly  a  good  variety  as  the 
pods  vary  much. 

106.  Astragalus  Serenoi  (Kuntze)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  130 
(1894).  Tragacantha  Serenoi  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  941  (1801).  A. 
nu  dus  Watson,  A.  Shockleyi  Jones,  A.  oblatus  Sheldon,  A.  cam- 
pyloph.^l)u.s  C-rtene.  Pods  erect  or  ascendi-r'.  otliquely  oblong-oval, 
obliquely  beaked  and  inserted,  about  2  cm.  long,  5-7  mm.  high,  1  om. 
wide,  about  half-plum-shaped,  with  dorsal  suture  variously  intruded 
and  the  ventral  a  little  so,  with  cross-section  nearly  round.  Flowei.; 
6-8.  distant.  Banner  blade  about  1.5  cm.  long.  Pedicels  shorter  than 
the  bracts,  stout,  4  mm.  long  in  fruit.  Proper  peduncles  as  long  as 
the  leaves.  Leaflets  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  1-2  pairs,  linear,  rather  deciduous, 
with  rachis  nearly  as  thick  as  the  stems,  stiff  and  ascending.  Sti- 
pules ovate-acuminate,  deltoid,  green-tipped,  1  mm.  long,  internodes 
5-10  cm.  long.  This  grows  in  the  alkaline  valleys  of  western  Nevada 
from  Carson  Sink  to  near  Candelaria  in  large  tufts. 

107.  Astragalus  canonis  Jones  Conl  S  15  (18i;8).  This  is  prob- 
ably only  a  form  of  A.  Serenoi.  Pods  obliquely  cylindrical,  about  2 
cm.  long,  a  little  obcompressed  and  arcuate,  only  a  trifle  inflated,  pseu- 
do-stipitate  when  dry,  with  cross  section  oblate  to  oval  and  even  refuse 
ventrally  when  dry,  with  dorsal  suture  intruded  about  half  way,  but 
the  sutures  do  not  touch.  Fresh  pod  roimd  in  cross-section,  smooth, 
with  flesh  about  1  mm',  thick  and  transparent  and  with  inner  wall 
more  fibrous  buts  cuts  easily,  when  dry  the  pod  is  woody  and  not 
stipitate,  strongly  and  sharply  conical  beaked,  with  each  partial 
cell  almost  cylindrical.  Flowers  2-2.5  cm.  long,  white  to  light-jiurple. 
Banner  oblong-ovate,  1.5  cm.  long,  pink-purple,  deeply  notched,  gently 
arched  to  80  degrees  at  calyx  tipes,  with  sides  reflexed  to  the  groove 
the  reflexed  part  2  mm.  wide  below  and  the  edges  nearly  touching 
behind.  White  spot  in  banner  narrowly  oblong,  1  cm.  long, 
filling  all  the  groove,  interruptedly  purple-veined  and  going  almost  to 
the  tip  where  it  shades  into  purple.  Groove  in  banner  (sulcus)  U- 
Fhaped  below  but  soon  disappears  6  mm.  below  the  tip  of  banner. 
Petals  thin.  Wing.s  6  mm.  long,  oblong,  oblique,  notched  on  the  lower 
side  near  the  tip,  fully  2  mm.  wide  and  the  obtuse  tip  a  little  wider, 
scarcely  arched,  purple  above,  concave  to  keel  and  the  tips  overlapping 

,  beyond  the  keel,  not  flaring,  3  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  3  mi.-i.  long 
and   high,   abruptly   rounded   to   90  degrees,  with   obtusely  trifingular 


ruuo-scierocarpl.  151 

tip  and  3  mm.  shorter  than  the  banner.  Calyx  from  campa/mlate  and 
4  mm.  long  and  wide  to  9  mm.  long  and  cylindrical,  the  teeth  subu- 
late and  as  long  as  tube  to  only  a  third  as  long.  Peduncles  subter- 
minal.  Middle  leaves  1-1.3  dm.  long  and  with  2-3  pairs  of  narrowly 
elliptical  to  linear-lanceolate  leaflets  which  are  2-3  cm.  long,  and  2-7 
mm.  wide.  Lowest  leaves  2.5-5  cm.  long,  with  3  pairs  of  oval  leaflets 
about  1  cm.  long.  Ujjpermost  leaves  with  nearly  linear  leaflets  and 
all  with  a  white  niucro,  the  uppermost  very  sharp,  all  petiolulate. 
Petioles,  peduncles  and  stems  sulcate,  barely  tapering.  Lower  stipules 
hyaline,  very  wide,  2-5  mm.  high,  distinct,  the  upper  one  striangular, 
reflexed,  2  mm.  long.  Internodes  about  5-10  cm.  long.  Stems  weakly 
erect,  about  2  ft.  high,  tufted.  Growing  where  alkali  seeps  out  on 
slopes  in  Big  Indian  Canon  west  of  Hawthorne  Nevada. 

108.  Astragalus  pachypus  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  1  3  157  (18S5). 
Pods  2.5-4  cm.  long,  7  mm.  high,  2  mm.  wide,  smooth,  much  wrinkled 
when  dry,  but  round  and  even  when  fresh,  narrowly  oblong,  with 
sutures  very  thick  and  raised  (faint  at  the  short,  triangular  and 
sharp  tip)  and  uniting  at  the  base  into  a  solid  obconic  and  thick  stipe 
about  1  cm.  long,  the  tip  of  pod  erect.[  Seeds  short-stalked,  flat  round 
2  mm.  wide.  Banner  about  1.5  cm.  long.  Wings  about  3  mm.  wide, 
arched  to  45  degrees  and  a  trifle  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  5 
mm.  long  and  4  mm.  wide  and  with  the  erect  and  triangular  and 
acaiJsh  t'p  7  mm.  high  and  purplish.  Calyx  tube  reflexed  to  horizon- 
tal, about  3-5  mm.  long,  hyaline,  nigrescent.  Bracts  small,  broadly 
ovate,  hyaline,  2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  ascending,  about  5  mm.  long, 
stout,  longer  than  the  bracts.  Peduncles  stout,  scarcely  sulcate,  1.5-3 
dm.  long,  longer  than  the  leaves,  few-flowered  on  the  upper  fourth  of 
their  length.  Leaves  slender.  Proper  petioles  1-5  cm.  long  and  with 
the  rachis  deeply  sulcate  along  the  upper  side.  Leaflets  8-11  pairs, 
linear,  folded,  ashy.  Stipules  connate  below,  triangular,  small.  Stems 
rather  stout,  rigid,  flexuous,  with  the  upper  part  and  young  leaves 
minutely  white-pubescent.  This  grows  in  loose  and  rather  alkaline 
soil  on  slopes  at  Bealville  California,  also  at  Mt.  Pinos  Venture  Co. 
and  by  Parish  at  Cajon  Pass. 


153  Preussii. 


PREUSSII.  9. 


Pods  thin-coriaceous  to  cartilaginous,  fleshy  except  in 
some  Preussii  forms,  iutlated,  2-5  ciu.  long,  1-2  cm.  high  or 
or  wide,  apiculate  or  shortly  beaked,  elliptical  to  round  or 
oblate  in  cross  section,  both  sutures  inclined  to  be  produced 
within  but  never  2-celled,  in  Preussii  dorsal  suture  a  mere  line 
■within,  pod  mostly  stipitate,  never  deeply  sulcate,  erect  or 
ascending,  rarely  reflexed  in  sabulosus,  on  very  stout  pedicels, 
smooth  or  very  minutely  and  sparsely  puberulent  when  young, 
obscurely  cross-lined,  or  faintly  reticulated,  opening  nearly 
to  the  middle  from  the  tip  along  both  sutures.  Flowers  large, 
2-3  cm.  long,  widely  spreading  to  reflexed.  Petals  rather  long 
and  long-clawed.  Banner  arched  45  to  90  degrees  near  the 
tip  of  keel  or  beyond  calj^x  teeth,  oblong-ovate,  about  1-1.5 
cm.  long,  with  sides  much  reflexed.  Wings  narrow,  2-4  mm. 
longer  than  keel,  obtuse,  somewhat  arched.  Keel  base  straight, 
tip  mostly  gently  arched  to  erect  or  a  little  more,  rounded,  near- 
ly always  purple,  3-4  mm.  high.  Calyx  laterally  flattened, 
5-10  mm.  long,  about  3  mm.  high,  cylindrical  or  not  cara- 
panulate,  teeth  mostly  short  and  broad.  Bracts  hyaline,  tri- 
angular, not  longer  than  the  pedicel  which  is  2-4  mm.  long. 
Peduncles  rigid,  stout,  erect,  tapering,  coarsely  grooved, 
mostly  as  long  as  leaves.  Upper  leaves  1-2  dm.  long  except  in 
asclepiadoides,  short-petioled,  with  rigid  and  tapering  ra- 
chis,  spreading.  Leaflets  thick  and  leathery,  flat,  smooth  or 
never  more  than  puberulent,  large,  distant,  gradually  smaller 
above  on  rachis.  Stipules  small  for  the  plant,  deltoid,  green, 
reflexed,  about  4  mm.  (rarel}^  8  mm.)  long.  Stems  except 
in  forms  of  Preussii  thick  and  stout,  1-3  ft.  high.  Mostly 
coarse  and  tufted  perennials  little  branched,  growing  in  salty 
or  alkaline  or  very  poor  clay  soil  on  flats  or  the  equivalent. 
Pubescence  of  minute,  wide,  flat  hairs  closel}^  appressed  and 
narrowed  below  and  tapering  above  and  attached  at  or  very 
near  the  end,  mostly  absent  altogether.  This  group  shows 
the  same  remarkable  variation  in  the  pods  as  in  A.  gracil- 
entus,  and  like  it  is  inclined  to  have  the  ventral  suture  pro- 
dwed  a  little  within,  but  it  lacks  the  soft  and  flabby  leaves 
and  minutely  woolly  pubesceTice  and  peculiar  roughness  of 
leaf  surface,  and  the  whole  plant  has  a  peculiar  leathery 
suceulencf;,  and  rigidity,  and  never  grows  in  sweet  soil. 
Pla:;ts  blooming  in  summer.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone, 
rarely  in  the  edge  of  the  Tropical. 


Preussii.  163 

KEY 

A.     Pods  conspicuously   inflated,   not  fleshy,  coriaceous,   nearly  erects 

abruptly  stipitate,  opening   nearly  to  the   base  along   both   sutures, 

but    a    little    more   freely    along    the    ventral.      Flowers    ascending. 

Peduncles   axillary.      Plants   smooth   throughout   except   the   calyx. 

AB.     Leaflets  several  pairs.     Flowers  purple.     Dorsal  suture  of  pod 

not  noticeably  produced  within.     Preussii   Proper. 

Pods  with  stipe  not  longer  than  calyx.  log  Preussii. 

Pods  with  stipe  2  cm.  long.  IIO  ampullarius. 

Pods  sessile.  Ill  limatus 

A2B.       Leaves    represented     by    a    single    sessile    leaflet    which     is 

jointed    to   the   stem,   and    cordate-oval-ovate,   2-6   cm.   wide   and 

3-7    cm.    long.      Pods    conical-ovate,    long-stipitate,    capitate    on 

peduncles    shorter    than    the    leaflet. 

Leaflet  one,  large.  II2  asclepiadoides. 

2A.  Pods  somewhat  but  not  conspicuously  inflated,  cartilaginous, 
filled  with  pulp  when  green,  straight  or  only  a  little  oblique,  the 
ventral  suture  about  straight,  both  sutures  thicl<ened  and  some- 
what intruded.  Walls  at  least  2  mm.  thick  and  fleshy  when 
fresh.  Flowers  pearl-white,  with  snake-like  or  cabbage-like  odor, 
reflexed,  many,  fully  2  cm.  long,  spicate.  Wings  narrow.  Keel 
purple-tipped.  Calyx  mostly  nearly  as  high  as  long,  short-cylin- 
dric,  truncate  at  base  and  attached  on  lower  corner.  Coarse  and 
tufted  plants  1-3  ft.  high.  Leaflets  several  pairs  and  large, 
leathery   and  flat.      Patterson!. 

Leaflets  linear-lanceolate.  Stems  i-2  ft.  high.  113  Pattersoni. 

Leaflets  mostly  diamond-shaped.  Stems  low.  1 14  sabulosus. 

109.  Astragalus  Preussii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  222  (1864).  Pods 
1.5-2  cm  loi);^,  I'rom  ova]  and  nearly  1  cm.  long,  wide  and  high,  to 
uarrov/ly  oblong  and  5  mm.  high  and  wide,  scarcely  to  much  laterally 
flattened,  when  narrow  then  narrowed  below,  when  large  the  pods  are 
shortly  flat-apiculate,  when  narrow  the  pods  are  triangular-acuminate, 
dorsal  suture  sometimes  a  trifle  sulcate  and  produced  as  a  narrow 
and  very  thin  edge.  Stipe  of  pod  varies  from  a  very  thick  stalk,  hardly 
as  long  as  wide,  to  slender  and  as  longi  as  the  calyx.  The  texture  of 
the  pod  almost  chartaceous  to  thicJc-coriaceous.  Both  sutures  rather 
thick  and  raised  externally  but  the  ventral  suture  not  produced  within. 
The  pods  are  straight  or  a  little  arched  in  the  narrow  forms  and  erect 
ma  horizontal  stipe.  The  tip  of  pod  is  either  declined  or  ascending. 
Flowers  pink-purple-tipped,  about  2  cm.  long,  rarely  1.5  cm.  long  and 
p-^'ailer,  few,  and  racemose.  The  banner  varies  from  a  little  longer  than 
keel  to  4-G  mm.  longer,  it  is  abruptly  arched  at  end  of  calyx  to  30" 
and  then  straight  to  tip,  with  sides  thin  and  much  reflexed  in  the 
middle  giving  it  a  triangular  outline,  with  white  spot  beautifully  striped 
or  stipuled.  Wings  a  little  longer  than  keel,  obliquely  oblanceolate, 
with  triangular  and  obtuse  tip  and  ascending  about  45  degrees  much 
as  in  A.  amphioxys.  Calyx  tube  nearly  1  cm.  long  and  4  mm.  wide, 
with  deltoid  and  fleshy  base,  about  equally  inserted,  cleft  much  deeper 
above.  Calyx  teeth  deltoid  and  about  one-fourth  as  long  as  tube  in 
the  type.  Peduncles  1-1.5  dm.  long  and  about  as  long  as  leaves,  the 
floral  rachis  nearly  as  long  as  the  peduncle  and  few-flowered.  Leaf- 
lets 5-7  pairs  and,  in  tne  type,  obcordate  to  oval-obovate  and  notched 
and  rarely  1  cm.  long,  rather  glaucous.  Stems  a  foot  or  two  high, 
flexuous,  ascending,  single  or  few  from  an  erect  root,  gro'vsing  In 
clay  or  poor  sandy  soil  on  benches  near  rocks.  The  var.  laxiflorus  Gray 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  369  (1878)  (var.  laxispicatus  Sheldon)  hardly  de- 
serves varietal  rank.     It  has  subulate  calyx  lobes  2-3  mm.  long.     The 


154  Preussii. 

species  grows  from  Moab  Utah  on  the  Grand  river,  down  the  Colorado 
to  Nevada  and  westward  to  Amargosa  desert  California  and  south- 
ward west  of  the  Colorado  river  to  the  Mexican  line.  Most  of  the 
Utah    forms   have    congested    inflorescence    and    few    flowers. 

Astragalus  Preussii  var.  Eastwoodae  Jones  Cont.  6  368  (1894)  as 
species.  A.  Preussii  var.  sulcatus  .Jones,  Phaca  Rydberg.  Pods  about 
oval,  about  1.5  cm.  long  and  1  cm.  high  and  wide,  straight,  abruptly 
rounded  at  both  ends,  very  shortly-stipitate,  shortly-apiculate-beaked, 
chartaceous,  a  little  obcompressed,  sulcate  rather  deeply  ventrally, 
and  variably  sulcate  dorsally.  Flowers  few  and  short-racemose,  as 
in  the  type  but  banner  often  erect,  and  keel  tip  often  erect  and  4-5  mm. 
high  and  triangular.  Calyx  as  in  the  type,  but  black-speckled.  Ped- 
uncles shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  very  narrow,  very  many,  1-1.5 
dm.  long,  strict  with  about  10  pairs  of  linear-lanceolate  and  very  .tc  ;te 
leaflets,  7-20  mm.  long.  Stems  caespitose,  decumbent  from  a  thick 
and  woody  root,  rarely  over  2  dm.  long,  rather  slender  and  with  short 
internodes.  Growing  on  bare  rocky  ledges  or  outcrors  in  deserts, 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone  from  Moab  •i.nd  Thompsons  Springs 
and  Green  River  Utah  to  Monticello.  A.  Preussii  var.  lat.is  Jones  (var. 
arctus  Sheldon)  is  a  similar  form  with  stipe  often  neaily  as  long  as 
calyx  and  pods  not  sulcate.  Calyx  3  mm.  wide  and  1  cm.  long,  the 
teeth  subulate  and  about  one  third  as  long.  The  leaflets  generally 
elliptical  and  barely  acute,  often  7  mm.  wide,  but  varying  (as  they  do 
in  the  var.  Eastwoodse)  from  linear  to  broadly  elliptical  even  on  the 
same  plant,  the  earlier  leaflets  are  broader  and  the  late  ones  narrower, 
One  would  hardly  be  prepared  for  such  extreme  variations  in  leaflets  in 
the  same  species,  and  in  habit,  but  these  are  manifestly  all  forms  of 
one  species  as  is  shown  by  similar  variations  in  A.  Pattersoni.  as  well 
as  in  this  fepecies. 

110.  Astragalus  ampullarius  Watson  Am.  Nat.  7  4  (1873).  Pods 
ascending,  oval-ovate,  about  2  cm.  long  and  1  cm.  wide,  about  round 
in  cross  section,  conical-beaked  and  straight,  about  as  in  A.  ascle- 
piadoides.  chartaceous,  with  filiform  stipe  about  2  cm.  long  and 
three  times  as  long  as  calyx.  Flowers  purple,  the  banner  nearly 
2  cm.  long  and  narrow,  much  longer  than  the  very  obtuse  keel. 
Calyx  tube  campanulate-cylindric,  4-7  mm.  long,  a  little  gibbous,  teeth 
minute.  Spikes  short,  2-3  cm.  long,  as  long  as  the  petioles,  rather 
dense.     Pedicels  stout,  2  vnw.  loner  in       fruit  and  about  as  long 

as  the         bracts.     Leaflets  3-5  pairs,  obovate  to  obcordate-spa- 

tulate,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  smooth  above,  7  mm.  long,  4  mm.  wide.  Sti- 
pules not  connate,  hyaline,  2-4  mm.  long,  broad.  Stems  short  and 
and  ascending,  hardly  six  inches  long.  Pubescence  short-strigose 
and  appressed.  Near  Kanab,  Utah.  Mrs.  Thompson.  Not  since 
seen.      Lower    Temperate    life    zone. 

111.  Astragalus  limatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  126  (1894). 
Pods  obliquely  oval-oblong  2-2.5  cm.  long  and  about  1  cm.  high  and 
8  mm.  wide,  sessile  except  for  the  pseudostipe  made  by  drying  of 
pulp,  finely  cross-ribbed  with  linear  meshes,  the  ventral  suture  about 
straight  or  a  little  convex  above  and  inclined  to  be  shallow-sulcnte, 
Pod  abruptly  rounded  at  both  ends,  shortly  beaked  or  conical-apic- 
ulate  (the  beak  nearly  in  line  with  tlie  ventral  suture),  thin  and  soft 
when  fresh.  Flowers  as  in  A.  Preussii,  but  short-spicate  and  many, 
banner  oblong-eriptical,  but  larger  and  coarse,  nearly  1.5  cm.  long, 
with  sides  so  closely  refl^xed  as  to  touch  each  other  and  making  it 
seem  linear,  reflexed  part  3  mm.  wide  on  each  side  in  the  middle; 
groove  deep  and  narrow,  white  and  with  deep-purple  veins;  white 
spot  goes  nearly  to  tip;  blade  gently  arched  to  erect  from  end  of 
teeth.  Wings  broadly  linear,  purple,  nearly  straight,  narrowed  above 
the  keel  the  blade  1  cm.  long,  3  mm.  wide  in  the  middle  and  2  mm. 
at  tJp.  obtuse  and  not  notched,  overlapping  each  other  beyond  keel 


Preussii.  155 

and  3  mm.  longer,  concave  to  it,  flaring  but  not  horizont;)'  1  u.m. 
Bhorter  than  banner.  Keel  almost  exactly  that  of  A.  amphloxys,  the, 
long  blade  fully  7  mm.  long' and  deep  pui-ple,  gently  arclif'  to  erect 
and  very  obtuse  and  rounded.  Peduncles  1-2  dm.  long,  1  uiger  tli.vn 
the  leaves,  very  stout  and  strict.  Leaves  1-1.5  dm.  Ion?,  with  5-8. 
pairs  of  elliptical  and  rounded  to  notched  leaflets  1-2  cm.  '.j-Tig.  Stems 
strict,  2  ft.  high,  often  1  cm  thick,  with  large  hyaline  stipules. 
Though  close  to  A.  Preussii  this  can  be  readily  separa(n:l  by  the 
strict  coarse  stems,  spicate  flowers,  elliptical  leaflets,  a,;:l  Hessile 
pods.  Sandy  soil  in  washes  and  alkaline  ground.  From  Canon  Dia- 
blo Arizona  on  the  Little  Colorado  westward  to  the  Sierras  and 
southward  through  the  Mojave  desert  to  Mexico,  mostly  tropical. 
The  forms  outside  of  the  Mojave  region  are  not  typical  but  more 
like  A.  Preussii  itself  in  the  leaflets,  or  with  smaller  flowers. 

112.  Astragalus  asclepiadoides  Jones  Cont.  4  17  (1893).  .Tonesiel- 
la  Rydberg.  This  is  the  most  unique  species  in  the  genus.  Pods  3-5 
cm.  lonp;  including  the  stipe  and  beak,  the  body  nearly  1.5  cm.  Vi  ide 
and  his-h^  and  about  2-3  cm.  long,  the  conical  beak  5-10  miu.  long  and 
straight,  the  stipe  1-1.5  cm.  long  and  obconic  at  tip  and  nearly  1  mm. 
thick  and  straight.  Body  abruptly  rounded  to  truncate  below  and  ab- 
ruptly beaked,  coriaceous,  mostly  purple-stippled,  from  almnst  exactly 
conical-ovate  to  obliquely  oval-ovate,  mostly  a  little  sulcnte  ventrally 
and  both  sutures  a  little  intruded.  Flowers  greenish-white,  rarely  purple 
tipped,  2  cm.  long,  narrow,  5-10,  about  as  in  A.  Preussii  but  narrower 
and  lighter.  Banner  with  sides  reflexed  about  2  mm.  wide  opposite 
keel  only;  groove  U-shaped,  nearly  2  mm.  deep  and  1  mm.  wide, 
extending  nearly  to  tip,  waterlined.  Wings  oblong-linear,  bright- 
pink-purple  al>ove  3  mm.  longer  thru  keel,  about  2  mm.  wide,  close- 
pressed  to  keel  about  to  tip  then  spreading  and  tips  incurved  and 
horizontal,  blunt,  nearly  straight.  Keel  about  7  mm.  long,  the  base 
a  little  convex  and  tip  erect,  triangular  and  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx 
tube  about  8  mm.  long,  3  mm.  wide  and  tapering  below  and  arched 
near  the  base,  nearly  equally  inserted  at  the  triangular-acute  fleshy 
base,  cleft  much  deeper  above,  black-speckled,  teeth  triangular  and 
about  2  mm.  long.  Leaflet  leath6ry.  glaucous,  strongly  pinnate-veined, 
barely  acute,  appearing  as  if  clasinng  but  on  a  petiole  about  2  mm. 
long  which  is  flanked  by  the  hyaline,  deltoid  to  circular  5-7  mm.  long 
stipules  like  wings.  Stems  stout,  nearly  erect,  little  branched,  few 
from  the  tip  of  the  rather  fleshy  and  erect  root.  Internodes  shorter 
than  the  le-^flets  which  are  overlapping  and  appressed.  Common  in 
the  poorest  adobe  soil  from  the  Uinta  Mts.  to  the  Henry  Mts.  and 
throup-hout  the  Nava.io  Basin  from  Price  to  Grand  .Junction.  Also  on 
the  clay  bad  lands  at  Gunnison  Utah  in  Sevier  Valley.  This  does  not 
r-'-  w  wh-^""  -alkali  stands  but  often  there  is  alkali  all  round  it  in 
a  white  efflorescence,  but  it  never  grows  in  any  but  compact  soil, 
and  it  grows  where  not  even  Sarcobatus  will  exist. 

113.  Astragalus  Patterson!  Gray  in  Brandegee's  Rep.  S.  W.  Colo. 
?85  (1876).  Ph^'copsis  Rydbere.  A.  diphysus  var.  albiflorus  Gray, 
A.  recedens  Greene.  This  is  also  a  very  variable  species,  the  pods 
in  the  type  are  ;'bout  2  cm.  long  8  mm.  wide  and  5  mm.  high,  straight, 
oblong,  a  littl»  oblique,  the  ventral  suture  about  straight  and  the  flat- 
tish  s-'bulate  beak  4-0  mm.  long  and  nearly  in  line  with  it.  pods  round- 
el at  bnso,  f  lintly  cross-ribbed  and  low  reticulated,  with  a  tendency 
to  be  contracted  in  the  middle,  on  very  stout  pedicels  2-3  mm.  iong. 
erect,  inclined  to  be  a  little  sulcate  at  both  sutures,  but  the  sutures 
T  Ked  and  thick  externally.  Leaves  drying  yellowish.  Banner  ob- 
long-ovate, about  1  cm.  long,  arched  in  gentle  arc  to  erect  beyond  calyx, 
Fides  much  refleved  and  so  seemingly  very  narrow.  Wings  about 
1  mm.  wide,  2-3  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  about  straight.  Keel  about 
4  mm.  long  and  high,  with  abruptly  erect  tip  triangular,  with  exsert- 


l66  Preussii. 

ed  claw.  Calyx  tube  about  5  mm.  long  and  4  mm.  high,  or  a  little 
longer  and  naiTower,  quite  oblique  at  tip  and  base,  the  upper  side 
arched  and  the  lov/er  straight,  almost  white,  very  thin,  the  3uba- 
late  teeth  from  a  broad  base  about  half  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts 
triangular,  hyaline,  shorter  than  the  rather  slender  pedicels  which  are 
2-4  mm.  long.  Spikes  1-3  dm.  long.  Peduncles  often  a  foot  long, 
in  the  middle  axils,  strict.  Leaves  about  2  dm.  long,  nearly  sessile, 
ascending,  with  10-12  pairs  of  linear-lanceolate  leaflets  about  2  cm. 
long,  and  placed  on  the  upper  side  of  the  rachis.  Stipules  large, 
green,  reflexed,  about  1  cm.  long,  acuminate.  This  is  the  type  bat 
the  leaflete  vary  to  broadly  elliptical  and  refuse  and  1  cm.  long. 
Stems  from  1-3  ft.  long,  either  strict  or  decumbent  and  branched 
below.  From  the  Sevier  valley  Utah  at  Salina  to  Verde  Arizona, 
throughout  the  Navajo  Basin  and  over  in  the  Rio  Grande  valloy  of 
New  Mexico  as  far  as  Mesilla  Park,  extending  a  little  into  the  Troni'"], 
in  poor  clay  soil.  Forms  of  this  occur  v/ith  a  pseudostipe  2  mm. 
long  caused  by  the  drying  of  the  pulp. 

Astragalus  Patterson!  var.  praelongus  (Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud. 
9  23  (1894)  as  species)  Jones  Cont.  10  65  (1902).  A.  procerus  Gray, 
A.  Rothrockii  Sheldon.  This  is  a  form  with  oval  pods  plum-like  and 
about  1.5  cm.  long.  Flowers  stubby,  with  broad  banner  and  wings  sel- 
dom much  longer  than  keel,  with  calyx  teeth  deltolj  and  4  times  shorter 
than  the  tube,  with  peduncles  much  shorter  than  the  leaves  and  sub- 
terminal,  and  with  oval  to  oval-ovate  leaflets  1-2  cm.  long  and  very 
glaucous.  The  extreme  form  seems  very  distinct  but  it  intergrades 
In  every  particular.  In  the  Virgin  valley  around  alkaline  seeps  and 
westward  to  the  Charleston  Mts.  Tropical.  Forms  intergrading 
variously  are  found  all  the  way  from  the  Staked  Plains  of  Texas 
through  the  Rio  Grande  valley  and  the  Little  Colorado  and  the 
Navajo  Basin,  but  true  procerus  seems  to  be  found  only  in  the  restrict- 
ed area.  A  form  referred  to  A.  Rothrockii  from  Wooton  is  an  in- 
tergrade. 

114.  Astragalus  sabulosus  Jones  Cont.  2  239  (1891).  Pods  3-5 
cm.  long  and  about  1.5  cm  wide  and  high,  oblong,  straight,  barely 
oblique,  the  stout  triangular  flattish  beak  straight,  about  2-3  mm.  long 
and  a  little  above  the  middle  of  the  end,  the  base  shortly  triangular 
pod  finely  cross-lined  and  a  little  reticulated,  reflexed  and  mostly 
pendent,  ashy  with  minute  hairs  fixed  by  the  base;  surface  uniform 
but  little  sulcata  or  grooved  ventrally,  dorsal  suture  not  evidently 
or  slightly  intruded,  nearly  roiaur  in  cross  spction.  a  little  inflated 
and  walls  thinner  than  in  Patterson!.  Flower  4-8  on  a  rachis  hardly 
2  cm.  long,  almost  capitate,  about  2.5  cm.  long.  Banner  elliptical, 
about  1.5cm,long,  arched  abruptly  at  end  of  teeth  to  45°,  with  sides 
much  reflexed,  nearly  1  cm.  longer  than  ]<■■  el.  Wings  about  2  mm. 
longer  than  keel  and  ranch  narrower.  Kerl  rip-irly  ]  cm  .  long,  straight, 
at  tip  abruptly  erect  or  nearly  so  and  4-5  mm.  high,  the  tip  triangular 
but  very  obtuse  and  rounded,  dark.  Calyx  tube  1  cm.  long,  fi  mm.  high, 
oblique  at  both  ends,  by  being  cleft  deeper  above  and  by  the  truncate 
base  a  little  saccate  abo-i-e,  inserted  a  trifle  below  the  middle  on  a 
very  stout  hairy  pedicel  2-3  mm.  long,  brownish-nigrescent  with  close 
pressed  hairs.  Calyx  teeth  deltoid  about  2  mm.  long.  Hyaline  bracts 
ovate  and  about  3  mm.  long.  Stipules  deltoid  to  triangular,  coarse, 
thick  and  spreading,  about  5  mm.  long.  Prdnucles  very  stout,  about 
2  mm.  thick,  and  5  cm.  long,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  in  the  middle 
axils.  Leaves  in  flowering  time  rarely  1  dm.  long,  later  ones  often 
a  foot  long,  conspicuously  petioled,  the  ppticle  much  longer  than  rachis 
Xvhen  leaflets  are  few,  when  with  several  pnlrs  of  leaflets  it  Is  often 
shorter  than  rachis.  Leaflets  on  the  nnner  «ide  of  the  rachis,  rarely 
single  but  mostly  1-3  pairs  In  the  young  leaves  or  5-6  pairs  in  the 
late  ones,  about  ovate-diamond-shaped  or  obovate  or  even  lanceolate. 


Preussii,  157 

always  apiculate  and  mostly  acute,  those  of  the  lowest  leaves  often 
elliptical  and  1  cm.  long,  the  upper  and  latest  leaves  having  leaflets 
5  cm.  long  and  3  cm.  wide,  minutely  ashy  with  the  same  peculiar  ap- 
pressed  pubescence.  Stems  rarely  a  foot  long,  ascending,  very  stout 
and  with  short  internodes  and  many  leaves,  flexuous  or  zigzag,  woody 
and  from  a  thick  woody  root.  On  barren  clay  slopes  on  the  Grand 
River  near  Cisco  Utah  and  the  La  Sal  Mts.  Lower  Temperate  life 
zone.  The  flowers  are  the  coarsest  in  the  genus  in  America  and  the 
largest  but  not  the  longest.  The  outer  stems  often  nearly  flat  on  the 
ground. 


158  Reventi-Arrecti. 


REVENTI-ARRECTI.     10. 


Pods  with  dorsal  suture  variously  intruded  but  rarely 
touching  the  ventral,  with  texture  cartilaginous  and  decidedly 
fleshy  to  simply  chartaceous,  somewhat  inflated,  about 
straight  (arcuate  in  the  A.  vallaris  section),  rarely  a  little 
arcuate,  with  declined  tip  (except  in  A.  accidens),  stipitate, 
rarely  nearly  sessile,  firmly  attached  to  stipe  and  calyx  and 
not  separating  from  them,  narrowly  ovate  to  linear,  or  oval 
erect  though  the  calyx  is  rarely  reflexed,  (a  little  reflexed  in  A. 
vallaris  and  accidens)  mostly  acute  at  both  ends,  nearly 
smooth  when  mature,  1-6  cm.  long,  cross-ribbed  or  corrugated, 
sulcate  dorsally,  opening  first  at  tip  along  both  sutures,  with 
cross-section  deltoid  to  triangular-cordate  or  nearly  round, 
with  ventral  suture  raised,  thick  or  very  thick,  prominent, 
convex  toward  the  tip  of  pod  and  mostly  so  at  base,  pod  never 
sulcate  ventrally  except  in  A.  vallaris  and  Bolanderi,  1-celled 
at  tip  and  flat-beaked,  racemose,  (spicate  in  A.  Bolanderi). 
Flowers  rather  many,  ascending,  mostly  white  or  purple- 
tipped,  about  8-20  mm.  long.  Calyx  short-cylindric  or  rarely 
campanulate,  with  teeth  rarely  half  as  long  as  tube,  nigrescent, 
tube  hyaline,  inserted  on  the  lower  corner  and  with  the  upper 
corner  rounded  to  it  and  convex  and  tlie  lower  side  straight, 
the  mouth  oblique  and  cleft  deeper  above.  Pedicels  rather 
stout,  as  long  or  twice  as  long  as  the  small  and  rather  decid- 
uous bracts.  Peduncles  sulcate,  less  pubescent  than  the 
leaves,  strict,  mostly  long.  Leaves  long  and  narrow.  Leaf- 
lets many,  rather  long-petiolulate,  1-2  cm.  long,  the  lower  not 
opposite,  gradually  smaller  toward  the  tip  of  the  tapering 
rachis.  Stipules  mostly  rather  large,  hyaline,  not  connate 
below  (for  the  most  part),  often  imbricated.  Proper  stems 
with  few  nodes  except  in  the  A.  vallaris  group,  inclined  to  be 
short  and  erect,  terminated  by  the  mostly  long  peduncles 
(but  peduncles  axillary  in  the  accidens  and  vallaris  groups), 
nearly  smooth,  many  in  tufts  from  the  rather  woody  root.  Pu- 
bescence of  flat  and  mostly  wide  hairs  fixed  by  the  base  and 
at  right  angles  to  the  junction  and  so  closely  appressed, 
rarely  tangled  and  somewhat  woolly,  mostly  sparse. 

KEY 

A.  Pods  sessile,  or  on  a  very  thick  pseudostipe  made  by  the  shrink- 
ing of  the  flesh  when  dry.  appressed  and  erect,  barely  inflated, 
nearly  2  cm.  long,  4-7  mm.  wide,  4-5  mm.  high,  rather  fleshy,  car- 
tilarjinous  and  wrinkled,  splitting  the  calyx,  shallow-sulcate  or  al- 
most flat  on  the  back  (dorsal  side),  almost  wholly  1-celled,  the 
dorsal    suture   a    mere    ridge    within    or   slightly    raised,   somewhat 


Reventi-Arrecti.  159 

raised  externally  also,  with  tip  not  conspicuously  declined. 
Flowers  rather  spicate,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  white  or  nearly  so.  Calyx 
cylindrical,  5-8  mm.  long,  nigrescent.  Banner  oblong  ovate 
7-15  mm.  long,  arched  rather  abruptly  beyond  calyx  tins 
to  45  to  90  degrees,  much  longer  than  keel,  sides  reflexed  2  mm. 
wide  below.  Wings  about  straight,  2  mm.  wide,  longer  than  keel. 
Fruiting  peduncles  nearly  as  thick  as  stems,  coarsely  sulcate. 
Leaves  narrow,  with  petiole  shorter  than  rachis.  Leaflets  el- 
liptical to  linear,  not  over  2.5  cm.  long,  separated  about  half  their 
length.  Stems  coarsely  sulcate,  bent  at  the  nodes  which  are  few 
and  mostly  congested  near  the  root  except  in  A.  adanus.  densely 
tufted  and  sparsely  pubescent  except  when  young,  the  whole  1-2 
ft.  high.  Stipules  hyaline,  inclined  to  be  connate  below,  broad 
and  rather  short.     Reventi. 

Proper  stems  almost  none.  1 15  reventus. 

Stems  1-2  ft.  high.  >l6  adanus. 

^.  Pods  stipitate.  coriaceous  to  papery,  evidently  inflated,  finely 
cress-ribbed.  Plants  with  conspicuous  stems  except  in  forms  of 
A.  arrectus.  Flowers  racemose,  rather  ascending.  Leaflets  5-10 
pairs.  • 

2AB.  Pods  coriaceous  to  papery,  nearly  linear  to  oblong,  2-3  cm. 
long,  including  stipe,  with  triangular-cordate  cross  section,  ab- 
ruptly (Contracted  at  tip  into  the  flat  beak  which  is  nearly  in 
line  with  the  dorsal  suture,  nearly  straight  and  erect,  the  calyx 
often   recurved.     Flowers  1-1.5  cm.   long.     Arrecti. 

Stems  slender,  with  several  nodes.  117  arrectus. 

2A2B.  Pods  smooth,  cartilaginous  to  coriaceous,  2-7  cm.  long,  al- 
most 2-celled,  conspicuously  sulcate  at  both  sutures,  much  ob- 
compressed  and  arcuate,  long-stipitate  on  a  recurved  pedicel 
and  with  tips  erect,  and  long-acuminate-triangular,  on  axillary 
peduncles  about  1  dm.  long,  shorter  thatn^  the  leaves,  few,  rather 
capitate  in  flower.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  almost  sessile, 
with  about  10  pairs  of  broadly  to  narrowly  elliptical  leaflets 
1-2  cm.  long  and  rounded  to  retuse  and  nearly  contiguous.  Stems 
weakly  ascending,  1-2  ft.  long,  with  rather  many  nodes  and 
slender  internodes,  tufted  from  rather  woody  roots.  Flowers 
probably  white,  about  2  cm.  long.  Calyx  cylindrical.  5-7  mm. 
long,  the  teeth  shorter  than  the  tube,  on  short  and  stout  pedicels. 
Stems  decumbent,  slender,  1-2  ft.  high,  from  the  woody  crown. 
Vallares. 

Flowers  2  cm.  long.     Pods  2  cm,  long  or  more. 

Stems  coarse  and  low,  with  few  nodes.  Pods  2  cm.  long.   llS  Cimne. 
Stems  slender,  with  many  nodes.     Pods  4-5  cm.  long,  iig  vallaris. 
Flowers  and  pods  I  cm.  long.  I20  Bolanderi. 

2A3B.  Pods  wholly  2-celled  by  sutures  being  united  and  forming  a 
double  partition  which  splits  through  when  old  forming  two  se- 
parate cells,  but  a  plum  like  fleshy  fruit  when  ripe,  which  is 
generally  sulcate  at  one  or  both  sutures,  on  slender  stipes  at 
least  as  long  as  the  calyx,  oblique  but  little  if  at  all  arcuate,  ab- 
ruptly rounded  at  tip,  with  very  short  and  stout  not  flat  up- 
curved  beak  inserted  above  the  middle  of  the  end,  laterally  com- 
pressed when  dry,  reflexed  or  indifferently  spreading,  ventral 
suture  rather  prominent,  stipes  about  7  mm.  long.  Flowers 
white,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  rather  narrow,  widely  spreading  or  re- 
flexed when  old.  Banner  ascending  in  gentle  arc  to  45  degrees 
beyond  calyx  tips,  oblong-oval.  Wings  straight,  about  3  mm. 
longer  than  keel,  2  mm.  wide.  Keei  straight,  with  tip  abruptly 
bent  to  erect,  about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  often  dark-tipped  or 
not.  Calyx  nearly  equaled  by  the  teeth  which  are  subulate. 
Tube  campanulate  to  cylindric.     Bracts  about  2  mm.  long,  subu- 


160  Reventi-Arrectl. 

late,  hyaline,  as  long  as  the  pedicels.  Peduncles  barely  as  long 
as  leaves,  sulcate  and  slender.  Leaves  many  and  narrow,  about 
1  dm.  long.  Leaflets  nearly  contiguous,  flat,  thin,  6-15  pairs, 
cuneate  at  base,  long-petiolulate,  broadly  to  narrowly  elliptical, 
1-2  cm.  long,  rounded,  sparsely  and  softly  hairy.  Stems  very 
slender,  sulcate,  with  rather  long  internodes,  weakly  ascending, 
2-3  ft.  long,  smooth.  Pubescence  fine,  lax  and  soft,  kinky,  at- 
tached by  the  enlarged  base.  Plants  of  moist  and  sweet  forests 
of  the  Siskiyou  region  of  northern  California  and  adjacent  Ore- 
gon.    Middle  Temperate  life  zone.     Pruniformes. 

Pods  plum-shaped,  on  a  slender  stipe.  I2i   accidens. 

115.  Astragalus  reventus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  15  46  (1879)  A. 
reventus  var.  Canbyi  Jones.  Phaca  reventa  (Gray)  Piper.  Pods  l.,j-:i 
cm.  long,  oblong-ovate  to  lanceolate,  about  5  cm.  wide  and  4  mm.  high, 
fleshy  and  with  woody  inner  walls,  the  sutures  very  prominent  and 
raised,  barely  sulcate  and  with  nearly  round  cross  section  and  dors  al 
suture  a  mere  ridge  within,  shortly  acuminate  into  flattish  beak  2-4  mm. 
long.  Flowers  soon  reflexed,  white.  Banner  deeply  notched,  about 
1.5  cm.  long.  Wings  lanceolate,  about  4  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  ns 
much  shorter  than  banner  or  less,  rounded.  Keel  straight,  tip  ab- 
ruptly erect,  triangular  and  acutish,  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  convex 
on  the  upper  side,  teeth  usually  filiform,  from  half  to  nearly  as  long 
as  tube.  Pedicels  shorter  than  bracts,  stout,  about  2  mm.  long,  erect. 
Bracts  lanceolate,  hyaline.  Peduncles  coarse,  nearly  a  foot  long  and 
subscapose,  floral  spikes  mostly  short-oblong  and  many  flowered. 
Leaves  1-2  dm.  long,  with  10-20  pairs  of  elliptical  leaflets  hardly  2  cm. 
long  which  are  rounded,  thin,  and  nearly  smooth  above,  folded  when 
young  and  seemingly  linear,  ashy,  short-cuneate  at  the  long  petiolu- 
late  base.  Mature  stems  with  1-2  internodes  2-6  cm.  long,  from  woody 
root.  Pubescence  minute.  Stony  hills  of  the  Blue  Mountains  Oregon  lo 
Yakima  valley  and  the  Palouse,  Washington.  Middle  Temperate  life 
zone. 

Astragalus  reventus  var.  conjunctus  (Watson)  Jones  Cont.  10  61 
(1902)  A.  conjunctus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  18  371  (1882).  A. 
conjunctus  var.  Hoodianus  (Howell)  Jones,  and  var.  oxtropidoides 
Jones.  Phaca  conjuncta  (Watson)  Piper.  This  differs  from  the  type 
in  having  the  flowers  rather  racemose,  the  calyx  lobes  rarely  over 
one  third  the  tube,  the  pod  being  distinctly  inflated  and  2-3  cm.  long, 
with  the  dorsal  suture  a  little  intruded,  and  the  walls  coriaceous,  and 
in  the  linear  leaflets.  The  var.  Hoodianus  is  intermediate  with  a 
cartilaginous  pod  and  elliptical  leaflets.  All  sorts  of  Intergrades  oc- 
cur. Throughout  the  Columbia  Basin.  Middle  and  upper  part  of  lower 
Temperate  life  zone  in  rocky  open  places.  The  flowers  are  often  tinged 
with    purple. 

116.  Astragalus  adanus  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  53  222  (1912).  Pods  nearly 
oval,  about  1  cm.  long,  5-7  mm.  wide  and  3  mm.  high,  shallow-sulcate 
ventrally,  flattish  dorsally  and  obcompressed,  very  abruptly  acute 
by  a  deltoid  and  flattish  beak  which  is  in  line  with  the  ventral  suture 
and  is  long-subulate  pointed,  pod  thin-cartilaginous,  the  wall  when 
fresh  about  1  mm.  thick,  finely  cross-ribbed,  the  shape  nearly  that  of 
A.  gracilis,  dorsal  suture  merely  raised  within,  a  little  inflated.  Flowers 
not  known.  Peduncles  subterminal,  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves 
1-2  dm.  long,  with  7-lB  pairs  of  elliptical  rounded  leaflets  hardly  1  cm. 
long.  Stems  a  foot  or  two  high,  with  3-4  internodes  5-7  cm.  long. 
Whole  plant  nearly  smooth.  Steep  north  hillsides  at  Boise  Idaho, 
McBride.  On  the  edge  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  This  was 
described  as  a  near  relative  of  A.  nudus  but  its  affinities  are  all  with 
the   Reventi. 


Reventi-Arrecti.  161 

117.  Astragalus  arrectus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  8  289  (1870)  A. 
leucophyllus  Hooker,  atropubescens  C.  and  F.,  A.  Palousensis  Piper, 
A.  Cusickii  Rydberg  not  Gray,  A.  Malheurensis  Heller,  Phaca  Piper. 
This  is  a  very  variable  species  and  the  type  will  be  described  first. 
Pods  nearly  linear,  appressed,  about  2  cm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide,  cor- 
iaceous, smooth,  acute  at  both  ends,  the  ventral  suture  straight  or  a 
little  concave  in  the  middle  but  much  humped  at  the  end,  raised  as 
a  heavy  line  throughout,  dorsal  suture  variously  intruded  as  a  thin 
partition,  and  pod  deeply  sulcate.  Stipe  hardly  as  long  as  calyx 
and  straight.  Flowers  white,  or  ochroleucous,  about  1.5  cm.  long. 
Banner  fleshy  at  base  and  very  stubby,  oval,  the  erect  part  a  mere 
margin  about  1-2  mm.  wide,  about  as  long  as  keel  and  decidely  shorter 
than  the  wings.  Wings  rather  broadly  oblong,  notched,  straight,  2-4 
mm.  longer  than  keel,  about  2  mm.  wide.  Keel  about  half  a  circle  3 
mm.  high  and  long,  the  tip  acute  and  a  little  more  than  erect,  not 
colored.  All  the  petals  with  exserted  claws.  Calyx  campanulate  and 
narrower  below,  rather  obliquely  inserted  on  a  stout  and  very  short 
pedicel,  oblique  at  mouth  and  deeper  cleft  above,  nigrescent  (especial- 
ly on  the  teeth)  with  appressed  short  hairs,  teeth  nearly  deltoid 
and  nearly  half  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  minute,  longer  than  the 
pedicels,  triangular-ovate.  Peduncles  about  a  foot  long,  strict,  the 
tloral  rachis  in  fruit  1-2  dm.  long,  almost  as  stout  as  stems.  Leaves 
1-2  dm.  long,  the  upper  nearly  sessile,  with  6-15  pairs  of  nearly  linear 
to  broadly  elliptical,  refuse  leaflets  cuneate  below,  which  are  ashy 
be^ow  with  short  and  tangled  hairs  and  rarely  2  cm.  long.  The  young 
leaflets  are  mostly  linear  and  dark,  the  mature  leaflets  are  often 
ovate-elliptical  and  green,  especially  on  the  upper  leaves  which  are 
the  largest.  Stems  often  a  foot  high  and  with  several  slender  inter- 
nodes,  from  woody  roots.  This  is  exactly  A.  Palousensis  Piper.  It  is 
common  in  the  Columbia  Basin,  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  on 
prairies.  A.  atropubescens  C.  and  F.  nearly  smooth  forms  with 
zigzag  stems,  oblong  leaflets,  leaves  often  a  foot  long,  pedicels  longer 
than  the  bracts  and  with  the  calyx  horizontal,  and  a  curved  stipe  a 
little  longpr  than  calyx  bringing  the  erect  pod  within  half  its  length 
of  the  rachis,  the  banner  is  prodaced  and  triangular-ovate,  erect  and 
2-4  mm.  longer  than  the  keel.  This  form  abounds  on  the  headwaters 
of  the  Missoula  in  Deer  Lodge  valley  and  vicinity.  A.  Cusickii  Ryd- 
berg A.  Malheurensis  Heller  is  near  the  var.  Kelseyi  but  with  linear 
leaflets  and  its  long  stipe.  This  abounds  in  the  Snake  River  valley  from 
Glenns  Ferry  west,  though  most  of  the  forms  are  referable  to  the 
variety. 

Astragri'i-n  arrectus  var.  Leibergi  Jones  Cont.  7  663  (1S95)  as 
species,  and  10  68  (1902).  Phaca  arrecta  var.  Leibergi  (Jones)  Piper. 
This  is  a  form  with  narrowly  linear  to  almost  filiform  ashy  leaflets, 
scapcse  peduncles  a  foot  long  and  with  rachis  a  half  more,  with 
tvpical  pods,  and  with  leaves  nearly  a  foot  long  all  clustered  at  the 
root  which  is  a  mass  of  knotty  crowns.  This  is  a  striking  form  but 
not    a    good    species.      Egbert    Spring's    Douglas    Co.    Wash.    Leiberg. 

Astragalus  arrectus  var.  Kelseyi  (Rydberg  PI.  Mont.  241  1900  as 
species)  A.  ere-niticus  var.,  '^rencianua  ^^nes  A.  Boiseanus  Nelson. 
This  has  nearly  straight  stems  a  foot  or  two  long,  leaflets  ova'te-oblong 
to  oblong,  rather  glaucous,  about  10  pairs,  stem  leaves  with  very  short 
petioles,  peduncles  in  the  axils  of  the  upi^er  leaves  and  shorther  than 
they,  with  rather  few  pods  near  the  puds,  flowers  white  or  purplish  and 
keel  generally  purple  tipped  with  the  banner  elongated  as  in  atropu- 
bescens, calyx  tube  1  mm.  long,  cylindrical  and  the  teeth  hardly  a  fourth 
r'.s  long,  the  flowers  horizontal  and  calyx  reflexed  more  or  less  in  fruit, 
tr^e  pod  being  erect  on  a  long  and  tapering  stipe  about  half  as 
long  as  body  which  2-3  cm.  long.  This  is  the  common  form  on  the  dry 
juniper  benches  of  Nevada  from  Battle  Mountain  to  the  Utah  line  and 


162  Reventi-Arrecti. 

over  on  the  Snake  river  valley  where  it  grows  in  sagebrush  plains. 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  The  pod  is  often  mottled  or  reddish. 
The  leaflets  are  sometimes  3  cm.  long  but  with  the  ovate  or  lanceolate 
base  and  oblong  outline  above  and  mostly  notched.  Whole  plant 
nearly  smooth,  it  is  not  likely  that  it  extends  south  of  Osceola  Nevada 
nor  is  it  known  at  all  in  Utah. 

Astragalus  arrectus  var.  eremiticus  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont.  7  665 
(1S95).  A.  eremiticus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  161  (1894).  This  is 
the  form  the  species  assumes  in  the  hot  regions  adjoining  the  Tropical 
Jife  zone  at  the  south.  Pods  about  1.5  cm.  long,  oval-oblong,  to 
oblong,  chartaceous,  conspicuously  inflated,  on  a  tapering  stipe  about 
as  long  as  body  and  erect  or  nearly  as  In  the  preceding  variety,  the 
dorsal  suture  a  little  intruded.  Calyx  cylindrical  and  as  in  the  last 
variety.  Flowers  in  long  racemes  and  about  1.5  cm.  long,  w^hite,  ochro- 
leucous  or  purple,  the  banner  not  fleshy,  oval-ovate,  with  sides  much 
reflexed  throughout  and  seemingly  triangular,  claws  little  exserted. 
Wings  truncate  to  notched  and  broad  as  in  the  type,  the  tips  always 
white  or  yellowish  when  flowers  are  purple,  keel  a  little  longer  than 
high  and  with  rounded  tip  and  purple-tipped.  Pedicels  longer  than 
the  bracts,  in  fruit  2-4  mm.  long  as  in  the  var.  above.  Peduncles  1-3 
dm.  long,  mostly  longer  than  the  leaves,  slender  but  stout  for  the 
plant.  Leaves  a  foot  or  less  long,  the  upper  nearly  sessile,  with 
about  10  pairs  of  elliptical-lanceolate  leaflets  which  are  glaucous,  con- 
spicuously petiolulate,  distant  and  1-2  cm.  long  and  rounded,  rarely 
notched,  thin.  Stipules  large,  broad,  green-striped.  Stems  often  a  foot 
long,  zigzag,  slender,  from  a  woody  and  branched  base.  Common  from 
the  Beaverdam  Mountains  near  St.  George  Utah  to  Chloride  Arizona  in 
the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  on  the  edge  of  the  Tropical  on  gravelly 
mesas  and  among  rocks.  A  form  of  this  at  Chloride  has  oval  pods 
on  a  stipe  hardly  longer  than  the  calyx,  rudimentary  calyx  lobes  and 
purple  flowers  with  conspicuous  white  or  yellowish  wings,  and  nearly 
oval  and  half  shorter  leaflets. 

Astragalus  arrectus  var.  remotus  n.  var.  This  is  a  striking  form 
with  the  racemose  flowers  and  fruit  rather  closely  ai)pressed.  Pods 
narrowly  oblong  to  linear,  about  1.5  cm  long  and  3-4  mm.  wide,  abruptly 
apiculate  at  tip,  purple-nerved,  thin,  triangular-acute  at  base,  on  a  stipe 
barely  as  long  as  the  calyx,  with  cross-section  reniform-triquetrous. 
The  pods  have  the  dorsal  suture  produced  almost  to  the  ventral  as  a 
hyaline  partition  and  are  chartaceous,  but  little  inflated  and  smooth 
as  in  the  other  forms,  the  ventral  suture  is  a  broad  and  i)urple  stripe 
externally.  Calyx  oblong-campanulate,  laterally  flattened.  2  mm.  high, 
1  mm.  wide,  nigrescent,  deeper  cleft  above  with  broad  sinuses,  about 
3  mm.  long  and  much  as  in  the  type  species.  The  calyx  teeth  are  va- 
riable but  about  half  as  long  as  tube,  triangular  and  green.  Pedicels 
as  in  the  variety  eremiticus  but  8-9  mm.  long,  the  deltoid-ovate  ban- 
ner about  7-8  mm.  long  and  abruptly  arched  to  45  degrees  just  beyond 
calyx  tips,  and  thin.  Groove  in  banner  shallow%  less  than  a  half 
circle,  2  mm.  wide  and  faintly  veined,  stopping  2  mm.  from  tip  of  ban- 
ner. Wings  flat  to  keel,  oblong-ovate,  rounded,  entire,  concave,  the 
right  hand  one  flaring,  both  arched  to  45  degrees,  2  mm.  wide  at  tip, 
longer  than  keel,  obtuse  to  erose,  often  speckled.  Keel  very  obtuse, 
with  straight  base,  tip  erect  and  puri)le.  Bracts  conspicuous  but 
small,  about  as  long  as  flowering  pedicels  which  are  short.  Peduncles 
wiry,  1-2  dm.  long  and  strict,  a  little  longer  than  the  rachls.  Leaves 
rarely  1  dm.  long,  all  petioled,  ashy,  with  6-8  pairs  of  small  leaflets 
5-15  mm.  long,  which  are  mostly  folded  and  seem  linear  but  are 
narrowly  to  broadly  elliptical,  thick  and  obtuse  and  distant.  Stems  in 
dense  tufts,  slender,  with  2-3  long  internodes  5-7  cm.  long  and  zigzag, 
from  woody  base.  Growing  among  rocks  at  Good  Springs  on  the 
western  edge  of  Nevada  on  the  lower  edge  of  the  Lower  Temperate 


Reventi-Arrectl.  168 

life  zone.  This  is  the  extreme  variation  of  the  species  caused  by  aridity 
and  hot  climate.  But  all  these  forms  intergrade  from  one  to  the  other 
as  you  go  south. 

Astragalus  arrectus  var.  scaphoides  Jones  Cont.  7  664  (1895).  A. 
scn:)iioides  Jones  A.  scophioides  Rydberg.  This  is  a  form  with  the  coria- 
ceous pods  truncate  below,  oblong,  about  2  cm.  long  and  1  cm.  wide  and 
3  mm.  high,  much  obcompressed  and  rather  sulcate  at  both  sutures, 
the  dorsal  suture  intruded  nearly  to  the  ventral  as  a  thick  partition, 
stipe  stout  and  about  half  as  long  as  pod.  Calyx  tube  short-cylindrical, 
about  4  mm.  long  and  the  teeth  a  fourth  as  long.  Peduncles  about  a 
foot  long  and  racemosely  flowered.  Leaves  about  1.5  dm.  long.  Leaf- 
lets about  10  pairs,  elliptical,  smooth  above.  Stems  very  coarse 
and  stiff,  about  2  ft.  high.  Clark's  Canon,  Beaver  Head  Co.  Montana. 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  This  is  known  only  from  one  specimen 
and  may  be  only  a  robust  form  of  the  var.  Kelseyi.  Forms  from 
Weiser  Idaho  connect  this  with  the  type. 

118.  Astragalus  Cimae  N.  Sp.  Low  and  rather  coarse.  The  proper 
stems  rarely  1  dm.  long,  with  short  internodes,  large  and  hyaline  sti- 
pules and  long  lanceolate  bracts  and  few  flowers  in  a  head  and  short- 
ly racemose  pods  in  fruit  and  on  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Tufted  stems  from  a  woody  root  and  zigzag  and  decumbent.  Leaves 
almost  sessile,  about  1  dm.  long,  of  about  10  pairs  of  oval-obovate  and 
slender-petiolulate  leaflets,  1  cm.  long  which  are  rounded  or  refuse,  and 
smooth  and  flat  and  leathery.  FloM'ers  not  seen  but  evidently  large 
and  ascending.  Pods  very  fleshy,  probably  2  mm.  thick  when  fresh,  fine 
ly  cross-veined  and  wrinkled,  much  arcuate  and  with  deflexed  tip,  stout 
and  triangular  with  ventral  suture  concave  except  at  the  very  convex 
tip,  much  laterally  flattened  and  broadly  sulcate  at  both  sutures  and 
with  rounded  sides,  about  2  cm.  long.  1  cm.  wide  and  5  mm.  thick,  the 
body  often  arched  in  a  half  circle  and  set  at  right  angles  to  the  stout 
btipe  which  is  1  cm.  long,  narrowly  oblong  to  ovate,  splitting  through 
the  ventral  suture  to  stipe,  the  dorsal  opening  at  tip  and  to  the  middle 
at  least,  somewhat  inflated  but  apparently  full  of  pulp.  Both  sutures 
intruded  and  the  dorsal  nearly  to  the  other  in  the  middle  of  the  pod 
but  not  at  all  at  the  ends.  The  ventral  suture  very  thick  and  somewhat 
raised  when  dry,  the  dorsal  thin  and  raised.  Cross  section  oblong.  Col- 
lected by  Mrs.  Brandegee  at  Cima  on  the  edge  of  Nevada  near  the 
Charleston  Mts.  1915.    This  reminds  one  of  a  Bolanderi. 

119  Astragalus  vallaris  Jones  Cont.  10  59  1902)  Pods  with  body 
4-5  cm.  long,  1  cm.  wide,  and  5  mm.  high,  either  abruptly  acuminate  or 
truncate  at  base,  finely  reticulated  and  cross-nerved,  arched  to  about  a 
third  circle,  oblong-ovate,  with  cartilaginous  walls  about  2  mm.  thick 
when  fresh,  with  stipe  2  cm.  long,  the  base  of  pod  ending  in  a  very 
thick  obconic  beak-like  straight  stipe  taperiug  into  the  calyx  which  be- 
ing a  little  reflexed  brings  the  body  of  the  pod  about  horizontal  and 
the  tip  nearljr  erect,  general  outline  of  pod  lanceolate-oblong  with  tip 
flattened  and  2-3  times  as  long  as  wide  and  only  slightly  declined. 
Flowers  white,  about  2  cm.  long.  Banner  gently  arched  to  45  degrees 
2  mm.  beyond  the  calyx  tips,  lanceolate,  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide 
above  the  middle  and  making  the  blade  seem  very  narrow  above.  The 
wings  are  linear,  2  mm.  wide,  fully  2  mm.  longer  than  keel,  narrowed 
at  tip,  a  little  ascending.  Keel  gently  rounded  from  the  base  to  the 
erect  tip  which  is  blunt,  7  mm.  long,  pirple,  about  as  in  A.  amphioxys. 
Calyx  about  5  mm.  long,  obliquely  inserted,  with  subulate  teeth  about 
as  long  as  tube.  Fruiting  pedicels  very  stout,  about  3  mm.  long,  as- 
cending. Peduncles  in  the  lower  axils  only,  as  in  .A.,  crassicarpus.  slen- 
der, hardly  1  dm.  long,  with  the  few  pods  short-spicate  on  a  rachis 
hardly  half  the  peduncle.  Bracts  and  stipules  small  and  acuminate. 
Leaflets  with  a  shortly-cuneate  base,  contiguous,  at  least  a  third  as 
wide  as  long,  with  the  proper  petiole  hardly  half  as  long  as  the  adjoin- 
ing  leaflet,  and   the    leaf  rachis   tapering,   green-striped    and    widely 


164  Reventi-Arrecti. 

spreading,  leaflets  thin  and  inclined  to  be  notched  at  the  end.  bright- 
green  and  apparently  smooth,  under  a  lens  the  young  parts  are  sparse- 
ly ciliate  or  appressed-hairy.  Internodes  very  many,  with  the  uppt^r 
ones  often  as  short  as  the  leaflets,  and  so  the  leaves  are  congested  a- 
bove.  Whole  plant  nearly  smooth  except  the  nigrescent  calyx.  I'ound 
in  Snake  River  canon  near  Ballard's  Landing  and  on  Pine  Cr..  and  on 
the  grade  below  Cuprum.  Idaho,  on  rocky  slopes.  Middle  Temperate 
life  zone.  First  collected  by  Cusick  in  1898,  then  by  myself  (pods  on- 
ly) in  1899.  This  species  reminds  one,  as  to  habit,  of  A.  crassicarpus, 
accidens.  and  Bcckwithii,  but  its  relationship  is  here,  and  accidens. 
though  less  related,  can  hardly  be  placed  elsewhere. 

120  Astragalus  Bolanderi  Gray  Proc.  Am.  .Acad.  7  337  (1868)  A. 
supervacaneus  Greene.  Pods  with  body  about  1  cm.  long  (the  slender 
stipe  4  mm.  long),  about  5-7  mm.  wide  and  5  mm.  high,  thin-coriaceous 
to  almost  chartaceous.  oblong-lanceolate,  evidently  inflated,  cordate 
at  base,  shortly  triangular-acute  at  the  flat  tip  (which  is  as  high  as  long 
aud  evidently  declined  only  when  young),  indistinctly  cross-nerved  and 
but  little  reticulated,  arched  to  a  half  circle  or  more  and  inserted  at 
right  angles  to  the  stipe:  partition  intruded  to  the  ventral  suture  from 
base  to  middle  of  pod:  cross-section  about  cc-shaped.  Flowers  white 
or  cream-colored,  with  rather  short  claws,  about  1  cm.  long,  ascendin;] 
and  almost  capitate,  rather  few,  sometimes  tinged  with  purple.  Ban- 
ner ovate,  gently  arched  to  nearly  erect  about  2  mm.  beyond  calyx  tips. 
4-6  mm.  long,  inclined  to  be  stubby  and  short,  2-4  mm.  longer  than  the 
keel,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide  below.  \A''ings  nearly  lin- 
ear, straight,  fully  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  straight,  about  4  mm 
long,  with  erect  tip  which  is  abruptly  arched,  3  mm.  high,  triangular, 
and  slightly  if  at  all  colored,  long-clawed.  Calyx  ashy,  about  5  mm. 
long,  cylindrical  but  a  little  narrower  below,  rounded  at  base  and  some- 
what obliquely  inserted,  straight,  with  slender  and  subulate  teeth  une- 
qual and  a  little  shorter  than  the  tube.  Peduncles  in  the  upper  axils 
only.  Pedicels  as  long  as  the  ovate  bracts.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long 
ascending.  I-eaflets  distant,  linear-lanceolate,  ashy  with  fine,  crisped 
and  woolly  appressed  hairs.  Internodes  4-5,  2-5  cm.  long,  not  shorter 
above.  It  grows  in  poor,  gravelly  and  rocky  soil,  in  the  higher  Sierras 
from  King's  River  north  nearly  to  Shasta  in  the  Upper  Temperate  life 
zone. 

121  Astragalus  accidens  Watson  Proe.  Am.  Acad.  22  471  (1887). 
Pods  half-oval  to  almost  lunate,  also  half-oval  to  half-round  longitudin- 
ally, and  broadly  elliptical  in  cross-section,  shortly-acute  at  both  ends, 
little  pulpy,  a  trifle  inflated,  nearly  smooth  but  ovary  white-pubescent, 
sometimes  sulcatc  dorsally,  finely  reticulated,  7-12  mm.  long,  5-7  mm. 
high,  mostly  horizontal:  cross-section  ovate  to  elliptical  but  sometime  ■ 
nearly  round:  only  the  ventral  suture  raised  and  thick  externally  and 
straight  to  concave.  Flowers  reflexed.  Banner  narrow,  erect,  1-1.5 
cm.  long,  ascending  beyond  calyx  tips  to  45  degrees,  with  sides  ic 
flexed.  Wings  oblong,  3  mm.  longer  than  keel,  1  mm.  wide.  Calyx 
reflexed,  campanulatc.  7  mm.  long.  Bracts  1  mm.  long,  equal  to  tie 
pedicels.  Peduncles  1-1.5  dm.  long.  Racemes  short.  Leaf  rachis  8-1  j 
cm.  long.  Leaflets  10-15' pairs,  truncate  to  retuse,  1-1.8  cm.  long,  ap 
pressed-pubescent  below  and  glabrous  above.  Plants  sparingly  pubes- 
cent except  the  ashy  pods.  This  grows  in  open  woods,  Oregon.  Cow- 
Creek,  Howell.     Glendale,  Jones. 

Astragalus  accidens  var  Henderscni  (Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  ^2 
471  1887  as  species).  A.  Watsoni  and  P.-icificus  Sheldon.  A.  cymatc  • 
des  Greene.  A.  pruniformi.^  Jones.  Pods  smooth,  obtuse  at  botli 
ends,  very  fleshy,  a  trifle  oblique,  8-23  mm.  long,  7  mm.  wide.  9  mm. 
high,  rather  deeply  reticulated  when  dry,  indifferently  spreading  to  re- 
flexed, not  inflated,  from  nearly  oval  to  oblong-oval,  apiculate,  with 
both  sutures  raised,  the  ventral  nearly  1  mm.  thick  and  the  dorsal  thin. 
Flowers  with  the  oval  banner  6  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  sides  reflex- 
ed 3  mm.  wide  below.     Wings  nearly  oblTug.     Calyx  tubular-campan- 


Reventi-Arrecti.  165 

i:Iite,  nigrescent,  7-9  mm.  long,  with  narrow  teeth  as  long  as  tube. 
1  tracts,  triangular,  longer  than  the  flowering  pedicels  and  as  long  as 
tlie  fruiting  ones  and  2-3  mm.  long.  Pedicels  stout.  Peduncles  9-15 
c  n.  long  in  fruit,  longer  than  the  leaves,  few-flowered,  flowering  on 
the  upper  third.  Leaves  7-10  cm.  long.  Leaflets  6-14  pairs,  usually  10. 
't  5-2.3  dm.  long,  5  mm.  wide,  rounded  to  obtuse,  narrowly  cuncate-ob- 
long.  Stipules  lanceolate,  2-7  mm.  long,  green.  Internodes  2.5-6  cm. 
long.  Stems  numerous,  erect  to  ascending,  1-2  ft.  high.  Root  woody 
r'nd  stout.  Pubescence  softly  and  sparsely  appressed  woolly-villous. 
This  grows  in  identically  the  same  locations  as  the  type  and  differs 
oily  in  the  cuneate  leaflets  and  thicker  pods.  The  general  shape  of 
ihe  pods  is  the  same  as  A.  macrocarpus  of  the  Old  World. 


166 


11     ULIGINOSI. 


Pods  fleshy  when  green  and  cartilaginous  when  dry,  barely 
or  nearly  2-celled  by  the  intrusion  of  the  dorsal  suture  as  a  thin 
partition  (except  at  the  tip  where  it  ia  1-celledj,  sessile,  cross- 
ribbed,  oval  to  narrowly  oblong,  rounded  at  base,  sulcatedorsally, 
with  ventral  suture  thick  and  raised  externally  and  convex}i_when 
pod  is  straight  (except  perhaps  in  A.  terniiiialis),  with  cross-sec- 
tion round  to  reniform,  with  declined  tip  not  ^evidently  flattened 
and  forming  either  an  abrupt  point  or  a  strong  subulate  beak  and 
the  pod  being  abruptly  pointed,  1.5  to  2  cm.  long,  with  the  hard 
walls  barely  1  mm.  thick  wheii  green.  Flowers  greenish-while 
(purplish  in  A.  terminalis),  stubby,  about  1  cm.  long,  spicate,  ro- 
flexed  (but  potls  not).  Calyx  short-cylindric,  with  teeth  not  half 
the  tube.  Bracts  ami  stipules  triangular-acuminate  and  mostly 
rather  long.  Leaflets  many  pairs,  hardly  contiguous.  Upper 
petioles  rarely  twice  as  long  us  the  lowest  leaflet,  the  lower  peti- 
oles sometimes  2-:^  times  as  long.  Pubescence  rather  scanty  and 
closely  a [)pret-sed,  of  flat  and  broad  liairs  fixed  near  the  middlf. 
Stems  sk'i.di'r,  1-5  ft.  high,  eri'Ct  or  nearly  so,  simple  or  slightly 
branched,  few,  })i'i-rnnial.  Plants  of  the  Middle  Tem])cratt'  life 
zone,  rarely  extending  a  little  into  the  Lower  Tenijiernte,  grow- 
ing in  moist  meadows  or  along  streams  in  p'>or  soil  in  valleys,  also 
on  edgex  of  cop-cs,  in  open  woods  and  on  prairies. 

KEY 

A  Pods  not  evidently  inflated,  narrowly  oblong,  triangular-beaked, 
a  little  arcuate,  racemose,  rather  tew,  1.2-2  cm.  long,  4-5  mm.  wide  or 
high,  with  cross-section  cordate  to  reniform.  Flowers  not  in  dense 
spikes.  Plants  with  few  internodes,  the  stems  not  over  a  foot  long. 
Leaflets  5-8  pairs,  about  1  cm.  long. 

Pods  appressed-erect.  122     terminalis 

Pods  horizontally  spreading.  123     Oreganus 

2A  Pods  variously  inflated,  oval  to  oblong,  conical-beaked,  many, 
densely  ?ipicate,  rarely  loose  below,  closely  appressed,  with  nearly 
round  cr  iss-section.  Flowers  greenish-white,  nearly  sessile  in  dense 
spilic-..     Ti  11  plants,  with  many  large  and  broad  leaflets. 

Po^ls  with  thick  walls  and  little  inflated,  124     Canadensis 

Pods  with  thin  walls  and  much  inflated,  125     neglecti  s 


167 

122  Astragalus  terminalis  \V;itson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  370  (1882). 
Pods  erect  nnd  appresscd.  about  4  mm.  wide  and  3  mm.  high,  some- 
what Aiched,  broadl\'  sulcate  and  with  septum  partly  intruded;  tip  de- 
clined a  little  but  nearly  in  line  with  the  ventral  suture,  about  deltoid, 
flattened,  ending  abruptly  in  a  subulate  long  mucro.  Flowers  purple 
and  about  1.2  to  1.5  cm.  long,  nearly  sessile  but  rather  slender-pedi- 
celed  in  fruit.  Banner  oblong,  arched  to  erect  beyond  calyx  tips,  with 
with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide  in  the  middle,  and  about  7-8  mm.  long. 
Wings  oblong,  2-3  mm.  longer  tlian  keel.  Keel  arched  a  little,  sho:t, 
purple,  sharply  rounded  to  a  little  more  than  erect,  tJie  erect  part  about 
as  long  as  base  and  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  about  3  mm.  long,  the  nigres- 
cent teeth  very  short  and  wide.  B'ruiting  pedicels  3-4  mm.  long.  The 
bracts  ovate  to  subulate,  hyaline,  1-2  mm.  long.  Pedunclles  subter- 
minal  and  about  as  long  as  stems,  strict,  1-2  dm.  long,  the  floral  rachis 
half  as  long.  Leaves  5-15  cm.  long,  but  root  leaves  shorter,  with  ob- 
ovate  folded  leaflets,  and  petiole  nearly  half  ihe  whole.  Upper  leaves 
with  shorter  petiole,  the  leaflets  linear-oblong  to  oblong-ovate  and 
7-12  mm.  long.  Leaflets  5-10  pairs,  obtuse  to  retuse.  distant,  short- 
petiolulate,  ashy  below,  rather  thick.  .Stipules  small,  triangular  and 
wide,  about  4  mm.  long.  Stems  tufted,  spreading,  rather  zigzag,  a 
foot  long  or  less,  slender,  with  the  two  upper  internodes  2-5  cm.  long, 
the  rest  short,  from  a  woody  root.  Headwaters  of  the  Snake  river  in 
the  vicinity  of  St.  Anthony  and  Spencer  Idaho  to  Yellowstone  Park 
and  over  on  the  headwaters  of  the  Gallatin  river  on  sagebrush  plains. 
It  has  the  general  appearance  of  the  broad-leaved  form  of  A.  arrectus 
but  the  pod  is  strictly  sessile  and  thicker  walled,  while  the  peculiar 
pubescence  puts  it  in  this  group.     Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

Astragalus  terminalis  var.  reventoides  (Jones  Cont.  7  661  1895  as 
sqecies).  Flowers  ochroleucous.  Pods  about  12  mm.  long,  almost 
truncate  at  both  ends,  about  6  mm.  wide  and  4  mm.  .high,  with  parti- 
tion intruded  one  third  the  way  across.  Leaflets  oval  to  elliptical  and 
hoary,  inclined  to  be  notched,  otherwise  as  in  the  type.  On  the  head- 
waters of  the  Gallatin  river  Montana  on  sagebrush  plains.  Lima  and 
Grasshopper  Creek.     A  poor  variety. 

123  Astragalus  Oreganus  Xutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1335  (1838)  A. 
ventorum  Gray.  Pods  horizontal,  lanceolate-oblong,  with  triangular 
beak  which  is  decidedly  declined  and  flattish.  Flowers  ochroleucous. 
Planner  ovate,  a  little  longer  than  vvings.  Wings  2  mm.  longer  than 
1  eel,  and  2  mm.  wide.  Keel  straight  and  with  tip  rounded  and  erect. 
Caly.x  inserted  on  the  lower  corner,  a  little  wider  below:  tube  about  5 
mm.  long;  teeth  subulate  and  about  2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  very  short, 
bracts  longer  than  pedicels.  Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  sub- 
term.'nal.  about  7  cm.  long.  Leaves  7-12  cm.  long,  of  6-8  pairs  of  oval 
to  obcordate  leaflets  which  are  thick,  hoary  on  both  sides  and  less  than 
2.5  cm.  long.  Stipules  large.  Stem  hardly  half  a  foot  long,  simple, 
e  ect,  zigzag  slender  and  from  slender  underground  rootstocks,  with 
few  internodes  which  are  rarely  2.5  cm.  long.  Pubescence  ashy  and  ra- 
ther long.  In  the  upper  Snake  river  valley  Idaho  and  Wind  river  re- 
gion Wyoming  on  sagebrush  plains.  These  two  species  are  but  little 
known  and   may  not  be  distinct. 

Astragalus  Canadensis  Tourn  in  L.  757.  (I  take  up  this  name  in 
preference  to  Carolinianus  which  has  only  priority  by  position,  and 
shonUl  not  displace  Tournefort's  name  on  a  technicality,  in  addition 
the  latter  is  only  a  local  variation  of  the  other  widespread  species). 
Pods  oblong,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  little  inflated,  about  5  mm.  wide  and 
high,  a  little  obcompressed,  rarely  noticeably  sulcate,  densely  ap- 
presscd-spicate,  smooth,  with  short  mucro.  Flowers  yellowish-  or 
greenish-white,  very  many,  densely  spicate,  nearly  sessile.  Banner 
rather  fleshy,  arched  far  back,  seemingly  triangular  because  of  the 
sides  refle.xed  most  at  tip,  nearly  round,  5-8  mm.  long.  The  groove 
V-shaped  except  at  base.  Wings'  linear,  slightly  wider  at  the  blunt 
tip.  ascending,  about  2  mm.  wide  and  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.     Keel 


1(58 

Keel  about  as  long  as  high,  3-4  mm.  high,  almost  a  half  circle  in  out- 
line, rounded  at  tip,  often  appearing  to  surpass  the  banner  when  it  is 
much  reflexcd.  Calyx  hyaline,  laterally  flattened,  somewhat  gibbous, 
rather  hairy,  deeper  cleft  above,  about  7  mm.  long  and  2-i  mm.  high, 
inclined  to  be  a  little  declined;  teeth  triangular  to  subulate,  half  to  a 
third  the  tube.  Pedicels  almost  none  in  the  type.  Bracts  often  as 
long  as  calyx  tube,  thin.  Peduncles  stout  and  strict,  variable  but  a- 
bout  as  long  as  the  leaves,  the  spike  5-15  cm.  long.  Leaves  often 
nearly  a  foot  long,  widely  spreading,  the  middle  ones  the  largest.  The 
eaflets  10-14  pairs,  smooth  above,  elliptical  to  lanceolate,  not  over  4 
cm.  long,  very  variable,  obtuse,  flat,  thin,  with  cuneate  base,  the  upper 
pairs  smaller.  Stipules  papery,  la.  ge,  inclined  to  be  connate.  Stems 
stout,  2-5  feet  high,  strict,  somewhat  branched  above,  with  internodes 
rarely  over  7  cm.  long.  Pubescence  ashy,  on  the  upper  side  of  leaves. 
Common  throughout  the  region  east  of  the  Plains  to  the  .Atlantic  and 
southward  at  least  to  Missouri  and  Texas,  northward  to  Hudson's  Ray 
and  the  Saskatchewan.  Occasional  forms  nearly  typical  are  found 
thiough  MonKirato  ll:e  Pacific,  but  replaced  westwanl  mostly  by  the 
variety  Mortoni. 

Astragalus  Canadensis  var.  Mortoni  (Xutt.)  Watson  King's  Rep. 
C8  (lb/1;.  A. Mortoni  Nutt.  Jour.  Phil.  .Acad.  7  19  (1834).  A.  trisiis 
and  spicatus  Xutt.  This  is  the  western  form  of  the  species.  Pods 
narrowly  oblong,  7-12  mm.  long,  mostly  densely  spicate,  not  so  clo.  e-, 
ly  appressed.  ralher  deeply  sulcate,  mostly  a  little  arched.  Banner 
ovate.  Keel  purple-tipped.  Calyx  truncate  at  base  and  inserted  t'l. 
the  corner.  Bracts  fi  om  ovate  to  subulate  and  2-12  mm.  long.  Pe- 
duncles sometimes  a  foot  long.  Leaves  rarely  1.5  dm.  long.  T^eaflets 
inclined  to  be  obfong,  mostlj'  6-8  pairs,  1-3  cm.  long.  Stems  rather 
decumbent  below,  frequently  hardly  a  foot  long.  Some  northern 
forms  have  the  pods  of  .'\.  terminalis.  Common  from  New  Mexico 
northward  and  northwestward  to  the  Saskatchewan  and  California. 
Occasional^'  this  has  the  pods  of  the  next  variet}'.  It  varies  directly 
at  all  point  into  the  type  species. 

Astragalus  Canadensis  var.  Carolinianus  (L.)  Jones  Cont.  7  647 
(1895).  .\.  Carolinianus  L.  757.  This  has  ojtcn  spikes  of  white  flow- 
ers which  arc  not  thick  and  fleshy.  Pods  oblong  to  oval,  decidedly 
inflated,  about  1  cm.  long  and  apiculate.  Leaflets  large,  ellii)tical- 
lanceolate  and  long-pctiolulatc.  .Stems  slender,  llexuous,  erect,  tall. 
Whole  plant  nearly  smooth.  This  is  the  more  common  form  of  the 
southeastern  states  and  northward  to  the  Ohio  river,  though  forms  a- 
bout  the  same  rarely  occur  as  far  as  Minnesota. 

125  Astragalus  neglectus  (T.  &  G.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9 
59  (1894).  Phaca  neglecta  T.  &  G.  Fl.l  344  (1838).  A.  Cooperi  Gray. 
Pods  oval-ovate,  truncate  to  cordate  at  both  ends,  about  ,2  cm.  long. 
7-12  mm.  wide,  (luitc  obli(|ue,  variously  sulcate  at  one  or  both  sutures 
and  both  somewhat  intruded,  chartaceous  to  thin-coriaceous,  much 
inflated,  cross-nerved.  Flowers  about  as  in  A.  Canadensis  except  the 
calyx  which  is  campanulate  and  nigrescent.  Pedicels  almost  none. 
Bracts  short.  Peduncles  slender,  not  longer  than  the  leaves,  ratlier 
spreading  or  sometimes  erect,  almost  capitately  ll)-25  flowered.  The 
leaves  7-12  cm.  long,  with  upper  petioles  almost  npne.  Leaflets  6-10 
pairs,  smooth  above,  ashy-woolly  below,  nearly  contiguous,  narrowly 
elliptical  to  linear-oblong,  cuneate  at  base  and  long-petiolulate,  roun- 
ded to  retuse,  about  2-3  cm.  long,  thin.  Stipules  triangular-ovate,  4-7 
mm.  long.  Stems  a  foot  or  two  high.  Internodes  5-10  cm.  long.  On 
gravelly  banks  and  in  sandy  open  woods  from  Niagara  Falls  to  Min- 
nesota and  Brookings  S  Dak.,  along  the  Great  Lakes,  in  the  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone. 


189 


1 2     H  YPOGl.OTTIDES. 


I'ods  •■2-celled,  broadly  obloug  to  linear,  nearly  straight  but 
oblique, -not  over  1  cm.  long,  inclined,  to  be  obcompressed  with 
convex  sides,  not  inflated,  pubescent,  not  over  4  mm.  wide,  hard- 
ly twice  the  calyx,  minutely  sti})itate,  opening  first  at  ti})  but  on- 
ly a  little  at  any  time,  with  cross-sectujn  triangular-coniate  to 
reniform.  Flowers  densely  spicute  or  in  heads  or  gubternnnal  on 
rather  elongated  peduncles,  nni-rovy,  about  1.5-2  cm.  long.  Calyx 
tube  short-cylindric  to  cylindric.  Stipules  conspicuously  connate. 
Stems  tufted  or  many,  decumbent,  rarely  a  foot  long,  from  per- 
ennial roots.  Plants  of  the  Middle  and  Upper  Temperate  life 
zone. 


KEY 

Pubescence  rather  coarse,  tixed  near  the  middle         126     nitidus 
Pubescence  very  fine,  fixed  at  the  base.  127  agrestis 

126  Astragalus  nitidus  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  149  (1834). 
pods  sulcatc,  oblong  to  narrowly  so,  7-10  mm.  long,  3-4  mm.  high, 
chartaceous,  hoary  with  minute  and  appressed  pubescence,  never 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  calyx,  rrtther  laterally  flattened  toward  tip, 
spicate  or  rarely  lacemose,  shortly  stipitate,  I'tdc  arcuate  when  longer: 
with  ventral  suture  convex  at  tip  and  with  declined  point;  cross-sec- 
tion reniform  to  triangular;  septum  produced  nearly. to  the  ventral 
suture.  Flowers  quite  variable  but  normally  white,  sometimes  purple, 
densely  set  in  oblong  heads,  appressed  in  flower  and  fruit,  about  1.5 
cm.  long.  Banner  oblong  and  often  much  elongated,  7-12  mm.  long, 
variously  arched  below  calyx  tip  to  20-45  degrees.  Wings  linear  to 
oblanceolate,.  from  a  trifle  loi!ger  to  4  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  2-4 
mm.  shorter  than  banner,  narrower  than  keel,  but  little  arched,  obtuse. 
Keel  nearly  the  same  width  throughout,  half-oval-ohovatc,  from  nearly 
straight  along  the  upper  side  to  square  at  the  erect  or  slightly  out- 
turned  tip,  colored,  2-7  mm.  long,  about  2-3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube 
short-cylindric,  3-6  mm.  long  and  about  2  mm.  high,  rather  acutish  at 
base  and  equally  inserted,  scarcely  to  somewhit  oblique  at  tip,  hyaline 
and  inclined  to  be  nigrescent  with  closely  appressed  hairs,  sessile,  the 
subulate  teeth  fully  half  as  long  as  tube  and  often  with  threadlike  tips. 
Bracts  nearly  as  long  as  calyx  tube,  triangular  and  hyaline.  Pedun- 
cles about  1  dm.  long,  generally  twice  as  long  as  spikes,  '  sometimes 
a  foot  long,  stout  and  sulcate.  Leaves  7-12  cm.  long,  little  tapering, 
all  somewhat  pctioled  but  the  upper  petioles  short.  Leaflets  6-12  pairs, 
1-4  cm.  long,  narrowly  elliptical  to  Hnear-oblong  or  lanceolate,  4-7 
mm.  wide,  flat,  rather  rigid,  acutish  to  acute,  closely  silvery  with  very 
delicate  hairs  fixed  near  the  middle  and  closely  appressed,  the  pubes- 
cence varying  from  white  to  sparse,  and  plants  then  green.  .Stipules 
large,  scarious.  .Stems  decumbent,  about  a  foot  long,  with  few  and 
rather  long  internodes  and  many  root  leaves,  from  a  thick  and  woody 
crown.  From  the  Plains  at.  Santa  Fee  New  Mexico  north^N'ard 
through  Colorado  and  western  \ebraska  to  .-X-ssiniboifi,   westward    to 


170 

Lima  and  Deer  Lodge  valley  Montana,  and  Silver  and  Medical  lakes 
Washington,  and  to  the  main  range  in  Colorado,  but  not  in  the  Great 
Basin.  Open  prairies  and  mea  ows,  in  gravelly  and  well  drained  soil. 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

This  belongs  to  the  same  class  as  A.  Onobrychis,  leontinqs.  and 
microphj-llus  of  Europe,  as  well  as  adscendens  (to  which  this,]  species 
is  generally  referred). 

Astragalus  nitidus  var.  robustior  (Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  149  1834 
as  adsurgens  var.)  This  is  A.  striatus  Xutt.,  sulphui  escens  Rydbcrg. 
Chandonetii  Lunel.  Flowers  white,  in  short  heads,  on  elongated  pe- 
duncles.    Calyx  teeth  long.     Hardly  a  good  variet3\     Same  range. 

Astragalus  adsurgens  Pallas,  to  which  this  species  is  referred,  and 
which  botanists  assume  is  A.  La.xmanni  DC.  doej  not  have  the  con- 
spicuously connate  stipules,  while  Japanese  plants  (so  named  but  evi- 
a  distinct  species)  have  the  connate  stipules,  but  oval  leaflets,  divari- 
cate    leaves  and  peduncles  which  latter  are  shorter  than  the  leaves. 

This  species  has  many  of  the  characteristics  of  several  groups.  I', 
at  once  suggests  relationship  to  the  LHiginosi  by  the  pubescence  and 
general  habit.  It  appears  related  to  the  calycosus  and  the  Spaldirgii 
groups  but  it  is  manifestly  closest  to  A.  agrestis,  and  this  is  nearest  la 
the  Chactodontes  which,  in  turn,  are  related  to  the  Didymocarpi,  ami 
more  remotely  to  the  Micranthi. 

127  Astragalus  agrestis  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  148 
(1834),  A.  goniatus  Xutt.,  .A.  Carletonis  Rydberg.  Poris  chartaceous. 
with  ventral  suture  raised  and  thick  and  sharp-edged  and  usually  tri 
angularly  and  laterally  flattened,  but  in  old  pods  the  cross-secton  is 
often  reniform.  pods  ovate  to  oblong-oval,  broad,  very  blunt  at  botl: 
ends,  obcompressed.  scarcely  longer  than  caly.x,  usually  white-shaggy, 
and  always  white-villous  at  ti]),  oblong,  7-10  mm.  long,  splitting  tl  e 
calyx,  in  dense  heads,  with  wide  dorsal  groove  and  deeply  sulcate  dor 
sally,  often  almost  to  the  ventral  suture  and  with  narrow  septum.  Flow- 
ers few  to  many,  purple,  with  white  vvings  or  rarely  all  white,  ereci. 
12-2(1  mm.  long,  in  dense  heads  which  are  oblong  to  short-cylindric 
and  about  2.5  cm.  long.  Banner  elongated,  with  obovate  blade,  about 
12  mm.  long,  slightly  ascending,  a  little  hooded  at  tip,  abruptly  arched 
at  calyx  tips  to  15-45  degrees,  about  4  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with 
sides  reflexed  a  very  little:  white  spot  obovate-cuneate,often  subulate- 
tipped,  purple-striate  and  comes  within  4  mm.  of  tip;  groove  V-shaped 
and  vanishing  above.  Wings  linear-oblong,  obliciue,  rounded,  about 
4  mm.  longer  than  keel,  straight  or  ascending  parallel  with  the  banner, 
about  1  mm.  wide,  veined  (as  are  all  the  petals),  with  light-])urple  base 
and  white  above.  Keel  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide,  with  the 
triangular  tip  barely  acute  and  mostly  erect,  being  rounded  in  a  gentle 
curve  to  the  tip,  purple,  4-5  mm.  longer  than  calyx,  str;iight.  Calyx 
cylindric  to  campanulate-cylindric.  4-7  mm.  long,  straight,  not  obliciue, 
narrowed  below,  with  straight  and  linear-subulate  teeth  which  arc 
green  and  shaggy  with  variou'^ly  mixed  black  and  white  hairs,  and 
teeth  a  half  to  two  thirds  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  stout  and  very 
short.  Bracts  oblong  to  ovate  or  linear,  green,  very  conspicuous,  the 
lower  ones  obtuse,  the  rest  acute,  often  with  hyaline  margins,  about 
equaling  the  calyx  tube,  the  louver  ones  often  as  large  as  the  leaflets. 
Peduncles  5-12  cm.  long,  deeply  sulcate,  longer  than  the  leaves,  erect. 
Leaves  narrow,  delicate.  4-10  cm.  long,  all  petioled.  Leaflets  narrosv- 
!>•  elliptical  to  oblong  or  rarely  linear,  sometimes  a  trifle  narrowed 
above,  truncate  to  notched,  6-10  pairs.  1-2  cm.  long,  mostly  smootii, 
often  puberulent,  flat  and  thin.  Upper  stipules  the  largest,  conspicu- 
ously sheathing,  blunt  (rarely  acute),  often  1.5  cm.  long,  Icaflike.  The 
stems  weak  and  almost  filiforni,  rarely  a  foot  long,  leafy  but  with 
slender  internodes,  with  bases  interlaced  and  with  filiform  under- 
ground stems  and  running  rooistocks,  erect  only  in  dense  meadows 
where  supported  by  grass.  Pubescence  rather  loose,  appressed,  short, 
never  dense  except  on  the  calyx,  with  hairs  fixed  by  the  base.     Com- 


171 


nion  in  subal)»inc  and  rather  moist  me  i  lows  even  to  tlie  Middle  Tem- 
;  eriite  iife  zone  in  open  and  sunny  but  moist  places,  and  even  in  open 
woods  from  Dakotah  and  Nebraska  to  New  Mexico,  and  westward  to 
ihe  Sierras,  and  northward  to  the  Arctic.  A.  Hypoglottis  var.  bract«- 
atus  Osterhout  is  only  a  form  with  larger  bracts  than  normal.  A.  Hy- 
poglottis var.  polyspermus  T.  &  G.,  A.yirgultulus  Sheldon  is  the  form 
growing  unsupported  by  other  plants  in  more  exposed  places,  and  is 
ashy-puberulent,  with  pods  about  7  mm.  long,  and  short  iuternodcs. 
All  forms  bloom  in  late  summer. 

The  European  A.  Hypoglottis  L,  (its  closest  ally),  with  which  this 
has  been  confused,  has  longer  stipe;  pods  broader,  mostly  oval,  very 
blunt  at  both  ends,  simply  hairy,  about  5  mm.  long,  triquetrous  to  much 
obcompressed;  banner  short,  oval,  3-4  mm.  longer  than  keel;  wings 
oblong,  barely  1-2  mm.  longer  than  keel;  calyx  short-campanulate,  4 
mm.  long,  over  2  mm.  wide,  with  the  subulate  teeth  half  to  a  third  as 
long  as  the  tube;  b  racts  ;ibout  2  mm.  long,  not  enlarged  and  leaflike 
subulate-pointed,  ovate  to  linear-lanceolate;  peduncles  longer  than  the, 
leaves;  leaflets  lanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  not  notched,  about  8  pairs ; 
stipules  much  smaller,  rarely  1  mm.  long;,pubcscence  spreading,  sparse, 
of  long  and  slender  hairs. 


172 


13   ch.*:todontes. 


Pods  not  ovi  r  !  cid.  long.  S-oelled,  segeile  or  nearly  so,  rarply 
a  little  art'Uhi('.*</l)liqiie,  optning  first  at  tip  along  both  suture's, 
in  heH<ls  or  spikes:,  small,  not  inflated,  chHrt»c<-ou8,  niOf^tly  snl- 
cjite  dorsaily,  opening  but  little  at  nuiturity,  with  triqiu'trous  ro 
rfMiilorui  cross-section.  Flowers  not  over  I  em.  long,  broad.  Ca- 
lyx tube  carnpHnnlate,  rarely  4  mm.  long,  with  piibulwte  or  filiform 
teeth  about  as  long  HM  tube,  closely  sessile.  Hrftctsii  ( }('j'f;at(  ci. 
Very  pubescent,  tufted  plants  from  woody  perentiiul  roots. 

KEY 

A.  Caespitose  plants  with  very  ihort  internodes,  confipicuous  and  hy- 
aline and  connate  stipules,  and  leaves  2-3  cm.  long  I<  lowers  purple, 
in  heads  on  short  peduncles.     Pods  not  longar  than  calyx,  very  hairy. 

128  Austinae 
2A.  Plants  erect  or  only  decumbent,  tufted,  with  slender  f tens  at 
least  a  foot  high,  with  slender  internodes,  openfTvhobit  end  natrow 
leaves.  Stipules  connate  only  at  very  base.  Leaves  5-10  err.,  long, 
the  upper  ones  sessile  or  short-petioled.  Flowers  in  »pikfs,  rarely  in 
hcad«,  and  pods  in  spikes. 

2AB.     Pods  not  laterally  flattened  nor  longer  than  Crlyx. 

Pods  not  reflexed.  129  SpEldingii 

Pods  reflexed.  130  Erai'ntcni 

2A2B.  Pods  conspicuously  laterally  flattened,  oblopg-lancet late 
and  very  sharp,  much  longer  than  calyx,  6-10  mm.  Iohr.  Flowers  imd 
pods  reflexed  and  in  narrow,  long,  loose  spikes. 

131  Lysllii 
128     Astragalus  Austinae  Gray  Hot.  Cal.  1  156  (1876  .  T  ;u.-  :.l-.jut 
7  Him.    long  and  3  mm.  wide,  oblong  to  elliptical,  not  exserted,  shallow 
sulcate,  barely  splitting  the  calyx,  barely  acute,  with    rounded    tip,    at 
base  notched  and  short-stipitate.  conspicuously    1-celled    at    tip,    with 
ventral  .'■uture  raised  and  thickened  bnt  not  acute,  with   dorsal    suture 
produced  toward  but  not  to  the  ventral,  a  little  flatteiie<l    laterally,  in- 
clin«d  to  be  reflexed,  with  cross-section    nearly    circular,    the    groove 
not  running  to  the  tip.     Flowers  inclined  to  be  reflexed.  7-10  mm.  long, 
sessile.  10-12,  purple-veined    and   with    light-colored    blades,    barely  2 
mm.  longer  than  calyx,     banner  oval-ovate,  about  4  mm.  long,  abrujit- 
ly  archtd  at  end  of  calyx  to  30-60  degrees,    about    3    mm.  longer  th.ir 
wing.',  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide  and  mo^t    in    the    middle 
but  not  ;*t  all  at  tip;  groove  U-shaped,  broarl,  fillim.'  the  whole  barife 
al'ove.     Wings   linear  to  oblong,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel,  a  little 
airched.  obtu.>e,  the  right  hand  one  folded  over  the  keel,  the  other  fl  n 
ing,  both  wings  and  banner  hairy  on  the  outside.     Keel  short,  straighi, 
2  mm.  high,  incurved  at  lip  to  110  degrees,  purple,   barely    as    long    a^ 
calyx,  the  tip  a  knob  »nd  very    blunt.     Calyx   narrowly    campanulate, 
the  tube  about  3  mm.  long,  inserted  on  the  lower  corner,  cleft    deepc  , 
above,  not  narrowed  below;  teeth  green,  uneciual,  arched  and   lax,  fili 
form,  not  shorter  than  the  tube.     Bracts  subulate.  4-7  nmi.  long,    thin 
Peduncles  2-7  cm.  long,  erect,  rather-  stout,    mostly    longer    th.ui    the 
leaves,  .rnbscaposc  though  actually  in   the    upiter    axils.     Leaves    clus- 
tered, spreading,  the  lower  long-petioled.     Petioles  stout,  not  sulcale. 


173 

never  less  than  ii»!  i'  li'.e  wltn^e.  Leaflets  acnle  «t  both  ends,  often 
folded,  ftiff,  not  petiolulate  tier  contiguous,  10-13  mm.  loag.  Stip- 
ules hyaline,  very  hairy,  ahout  1  cm.  long.  Stems  hardly  1  dm.  long, 
much  branched,  deii.sely  leafy,  rather  stout,  woody,  prostrate,  with 
short  inlernodes.  Pubescence  of  the  whole  plant  even  to  the  pod.«, 
liracts  and  oul>ide.s  of  petals  .shaggj'  with  long  white  hairs  which  are 
more  appicssed  on  the  leaflets  and  less  dense  on  the  pods.  This  grows 
on  dry  and  rocky  ridges  in  the  sagebrush  i«  the  Sierras  from  Summit 
Nevada  Co.  California  and  northward  to  Oregon,  along  with  A..  Hook- 
erianu«,  Erios'onuu)  umbcilatum,  and  Symphoricarpus.  Middle  Tem- 
perate hie  zone. 

129  Astra<«luf  Spaldingii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  .'\cad.  6  524  (1865).  A. 
Chaetodoii  foir.,  not  i'ain:ve-  Pods  erect  or  ascending,  5-7  mm.  long, 
oblong  6v«l,  ^traiyht  or  rarely  concave  (very  seldom  a  little  arched 
nnd  sharpi  o'.nted  and  laterally  flattened),  obliquely  apiculate  or  rarely 
triangular  beaked,  with  central  suture  a  little  convex  (but  not  as  much 
i.r,  the  dors-ai^  rarely  at  ail  sulcate  dorsally,  usually  shaggy-pubescent, 
rarely  less  so,  rounded  at  base  and  filling  the  slightly  inflated  calyx, 
with  cross-section  nerirly  round  but  a  little  flattened  literally.  Flow- 
ers 7-10  mm.  long,  white,  erect,  in  dense  heads  which  are  about  2-3 
cm.  long  and  which  mostly  elongate  to  spikes  in  fruit.  Banner  oval, 
veined  with  purple,  about  4  mm.  long,  arched  abruptly  to  erect  at  tip 
of  c»lyx,  with  sides  rcflexcd  about  I  mm.  wide.  Wings  4  mm.  long, 
narrowly  and  obliquely  elliptical,  a  little  arched.  full3'  2  mm.  longer 
than  keel  and  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner,  about  3  mm.  wide.  Keel 
very  short,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  calyx,  about  2  mm.  high  and  2 
anm.  long,  deltoid,  purple.  Calyx  very  villous,  about  3  mm.  long,  cara- 
panulate  lo  nearly  hemispherical  in  fruit,  rounded  at  base,  with  the 
teeth  thre.^dlike  and  about  4  mm.  long,  Pedicels  none.  Bracts  seta- 
ceous, about  4  mm.  long,  with  threadlike  tips.  Peduncles  about  twice 
as  long  as  the  leaves.  Fruiting  spikes  2-7  cm.  long,  often  loose  at  base. 
Central  leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  the  upper  ones  sessile.  Leaflets  7-12 
mm.  long,  8-10  pa;rs,  laneeolate,  to  linear-oblong,  cuspidate.  Stipules 
subulate,  green,  produced  into  long  and  threadlike  tips  about  1-1.5  cm. 
long.  Stems  slender,  many,  decumbent.  1-2  feet  long,  nearly  simple, 
with  slender  internodes.  Pubescence  long-villous  over  the  whole 
plant,  especially  on  the  calyx,  less  dense  on  the  leaves,  with  hairs  sin- 
uous, very  slender  and  attached  by  a  pustulate  base.  This  species  is 
rather  co-nmon  on  hills  and  plains  of  the  Columbia  Basin  to  Baker 
City  on  the  east  and  Honey  Lake  on  the  south,  not  in  the  Flathead  re- 
gion.    Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  in  gravelly  and  clay  soil. 

130  Astraealus  Brauntonl  Parish  Bull.  S.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  2  26 
(1902).  Pods  oval-ovate,  about  5  mm.  long,  2  mm.  wide  and  1  nrm. 
high,  notched  at  base,  abruptly  rounded  at  both  ends,  chartaceous, 
softly  short-villous.  spicate.  reflexed  on  a  stout  pedicel  1  mm.  long, 
with  straight  dorsal  suture  and  upturned  acuminate  flat  beak  about  1 
mm.  long,  with  longitudinal  section  half-oblong-oval,  with  cross-sec- 
tion oblately  deltoid-cordate  and  pod  broadly  sulcate  to  the  middle 
and  septum  produced  nearly  to  the  ventral  except  at  tip.  Flowers  in 
a  spike  5-7  cm  long,  reflexed.  about  1  cm.  long,  pinkish,  with  petals 
about  as  long  as  calyx  and  teeth.  Banner  nearly  round.  3-4  mm.  long, 
but  little  arched,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with  margins  a  little 
reflexed  all  around.  Wings  broadly  oblong,  rounded.  2  mm.  wide, 
about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  the 
tip  rounded  to  a  litte  more  than  a  half  circle,  the  upper  side  about 
straight,  the  longitudinal  section  half-cuneate-obovate.  Calyx  cam- 
panulate,  3-4  mm.  long  and  nearly  as  high,  rather  truncate  below  and 
inserted  on  the  lower  corner  and  sessile  in  flower,  hardly  oblique  above, 
with  filiform,  green,  lax  lobes  nearly  twice    as    long   as   tube.     Bracts 

'filiform-subulate,  thin,  lax,  about  1  cm.  long,  peduncles  rarely  5  cm. 
long,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves,  and  rather  shorter  than  the  fruit- 
ing rachis.  Leaves  1-2  dm.  long,  recurved,  narrow  and  tapering,  short- 
petioled,  with  short  tapering  leaf-rachis.     Leaflets  nearly  15  pairs,  ob- 


174 

long-laHceolate  to  elliptical,  apiculate,  flat,  long-petiolulate,  nearly 
contiguous,  the  largest  about  2  cm.  long.  Stems  stout,  decumbent, 
2-3  feet  long,  often  5  mm.  thick,  flexuous,  with  interuodes  rarely  5  cm. 
long.  S>tipules  subulate,  la.x,  thin,  hardly  1  cm.  long,  with  threadlike 
tips.  Pubescence  softly  whitc-villous  all  over,  the  stems  white,  the 
leaves  greener.  A  very  robust  plant  of  the  foothills  near  Santa  Mon- 
ica California,  Braunton.  TrojMcal  life  zone.  This  is  a  most  unexpec- 
ted addition  to  the  group. 

131  Astragalus  Lyallii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  195  (1864).  Pha- 
ca  Piper.  Pods  very  variable,  straight,  pungently  acute,  flat  at  lip. 
narrowly  sulcatc  dorsally,  about  3  mm.  high  and  1-2  mm.  wide,  clo-^e- 
ly  reflexcd,  splitting  the  calyx,  hoary  or  smooth,  finely  ci  o  ^s-nerved, 
about  5  mm.  long,  z-celled  to  tip,  triangular-ovate  lo  oblong-lancto- 
late  \rarely  ovab,  with  cross-section  narrowly  triangulai-co:  date  to 
broadly  cordate-ovate,  with  ventral  suture  raised  and  thick,  poa  bui 
little  convex  on  the  dorsal  side.  Flowers  white  or  tinged  with  purple, 
about  6-7  mm.  long,  nearly  sessile.  .Banner  ovate,  often  p-urple-sliiate 
4-5  mm.  long,  abruptly  arched  at  end  of  tube  to  nearly  er^ct,  witli 
sides  much  reflexed  so  that  outline  is  nearly  linear.  Wings  oblong- 
lanceolate,  but  little  arched,  narrower  than  keel  and  from  2  mm.  longer 
to  only  a  little  longer  than  keel,  3  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  wiih 
nearly  .straight  base,  about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  very  abruptly  ronn- 
,ded  at  the  end  to  more  than  erect,  the  tip  being  deltoid,  oblicjucly  trun- 
cate, colored,  not  "surpassing  calyx  teeth.  Calyx  .tube  turbinate  to  cam-' 
panulate,  about  2  mm.  long,  narrowed  below,  blackish  with  shaggy  hairs 
about  as'loiig  as  t.ube,  the  filiform  teeth  very  la.x  and  often  twice  the 
tube.  Pedicels  slender,  about  1  mm.  long  in  fruit.  Bracts  subulate, 
lax,  about  2-4  mm.  long.  Peduncles  slender,  rarely  3  cm.  long.  Flo- 
ral rachis  erect,  tapering,  often  1  dm.  long.  Central  leaves  nbout  6 
cm.  long,  mostly  sessile,  spreading,  rather  broad.  Leaflets  6-8  pairs, 
not  contiguous,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  narrowly  elliptical  to  almost  linear, 
acute,  softly  appressed-hoary-silky  with  very  fine  and  long  hairs. 
Stems  nearly  erect,  a  foot  or  two  high,  flexuous,  with  peduncles  in 
most  of  the  a;<i's,  more  hairy  than  the  leaves,  with  internodes  3-5  cm. 
long,  nearly  simple.  Stipules  inconspicuous,  small  with  threadlike  tip. 
Whole  plant  silvery-silky.  Some  forms  shade  toward  A..  Spaldingii  in 
shape  of  pods  and  pubescence  but  the  pods  are  conspicuously  exseited 
from  the  calyx,  always  reflexed.  Calyx  much  smaller  and  lobes  lax 
and  relatively  longer  than  in  the  other  species.  .Stems  from  wo.ody 
roots.  From  Glenn's  h'erry  Idaho  to  the  lower  Columbia  ikisin,  grow- 
ing on  prairies  and  in  sandy  places.  Lower  part  of  the  Middle  and 
upper  part  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zones. 

Astragalus  Lyallii  var.  caricinuB  X.  Var.  Leaflets  linear  lanceo- 
late and  acuminate,  very  sharp-pointed,  1-2  cm,  long.  Calyx  lobes  al- 
most capillary  and  much  longer  than  the  tube.  lax  and  long-villous. 
Pods  mostly  reflexed,  nearly  1  cm.  long,  half-oval-oyate  to  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  thin,  often  nearly  smooth  and  cross-veine<l,  sul- 
cate  to  the  middle  (less  so  below)  and  with  septum  intruded  to  the 
ventral  suture  or  more,  very  much  laterally  flattened,  and  with  cross- 
section  cuneate  with  a  cordate  base,  with  both  sutures  ar-che.d  but  the 
dorsal  the  more.  Plants  about  a  foot  and  a  half  high  and  densely  tuf- 
ted from  a  woody  root.  This  grows  on  sand  dunes  at  Glenn's  Ferry 
Idaho  on  hillsides.  There  are  all  sorts  of  intcrgrades.  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone.  The  pods  are  shaped  like  a  buckwheat  or  Garex  grain 
(but  not  as  wide  as  the  former)  and  hence  the  name. 


17o 


14     LOTIFLOKI. 


Puds  eitlier  ^ulcaLe  dorsiilly  or  partly  2-(>elled  by  the  iutrusi  -n 
of  the  dorsal  suiure,  s[)litting  througji  the  ventral  «ULure  as  in  ihe 
Alpiui  but  )ioi  wholly  Lhrough  the  dorsul,  coriaceous  to  cartiiajii- 
nous  when  dr),  .-  M)  nun.  loug,  mostly  ascending,  soniewha'.  «>()- 
lique  or  a  little  ;ireuaie,  with  reiiiform,  triquetrous,  or  quadran- 
gular cro-is-decLiou,  inflated  only  in  lotiflorus,  sessile  and. rounded 
at  base,  tip  tri>.n^u]ar  and  acute  (apiculate  in  A.  circuindatus), 
Flow«')'s  on  mm.  I'>ug,  mostly  wii.te  or  light-colored,  rather  f.-w, 
m  ijeads  oj'  vury  siiort-spicate,  short-cUwed,  with  shi)rt  p.  taU. 
Calyx  caujpanulate,  with  tube  2-4  rjim  long.  Bracu  mostly  short, 
Stipules  not  contuvtc,  i^ubulate  to  fi.uisiular  or  deltoid.  Slemu-r 
caulescent  pereuniaiB  from  rather  Avoody  roots,  mostly  low  plauta. 

KEY 

A,  Pods  oval  to  oblong,  little  oblique,  not  inflated,  about  1.5  cm. 
long,  straight,  very  fleshy  (the  pulp  2-3  mm.  thick  when  fresh  and  the 
crosg-section  then  about  round,  but  inclined  to  quadrangular  when 
dry),  apiculate  or  very  short-pointed,  splitting  the  calyx,  setsile  when 
fresh,  about  stroig;ht,  with  the  ventral  suture  raised  and  thick.  Calyx 
teeth  triangular,  tube  2-3  mm.  lon^.  Pubescence  very  thort  and  close- 
ly appresssd,  white,  composed  of  fine  hairs.  Bracts  very  small,  del- 
toid to  trianguL-;r,  rather  thick  and  hairy.  The  stems  are  somewhat 
Intricately  bran;aed  and  depressed. 

AB.     Pubescence  attached  by  the  base.  Fruit  on  rather  slender  ped- 
icels which  are  at  least  as  long  as  the  deltoid  bracts.     Calyx  teeth  tri- 
angular and  about  as  long  as  tube.     Tropical.         Circumdati. 
Pods  nearly  smooth.     Flowers  nearly  white. 

Whole  plant  almost  smooth.  132     circumdatu!. 

Pods  ashy.     Flowers  deep-purple-tipped. 

Whole  plant  silvery-pubescent.  133     Mohavensis. 

A2B.     Hairs  attached  near   the   middle.     Pods  nearly  sessile.     Ca- 

ly  teeth  muc;i  shorter  than  the  tube.     Ventral  suture  of  pods   the 

more  convex.  Not  Tropical.     Accumbentes  134     accumbans. 

TA.     Pods  oblonc -lanceolate,  acuminate,  inflated,  1-clled.    but  dorsal 

LUture  sometimes  a  little  thickened  within,  2-3  cm.  long,  nearly  1   cm. 

-igh  and  wide,  coriaceous,  only  a  little  fleshy   when    green.     Leaflets 

narrow.     Flowers  c?-pitate,  white  or  nearly  so.     Calyx   lobes   arc  aed 

I  nd  as  long  as  the  tube.     Pubescence  of  hairs  attacnei  near  the   mid- 

cle.     Not  Tropical.  Lotiflori.  135     lotiflorus 

132.  Astrc.galus  circumdatus  (Jreene  Pitt.  1.  17;{  (ISSS).  ro(l>  oviil- 
1  blons,  few,  about  round  in  cross  section  when  fresh,  decidedly  fleshy 
.  nd  puly"  faiutly  corruyaled  when  dry,  nearly  ticuie  at  haa.',  1  :^-l.S 
ra.  long,  about  7  mm.  high,  5  mm  wide,  straight,  a  little  narrowt  d  he- 
ow,  erect,  or  spreading,  green  and  barely  pubescent  when  ripe,  hoary 
>  hen  you  ig  with  very  short  and  appressed  hairs,  dorsal  sjiure  neither 
r  lised  nor  thick  but  a  little  convex;  tip  triangular  and  placed  in  tlu- 
i:dddle  of  the  end.  Flowers  5-12  indifferently  spreading,  white,  7  nun. 
l.»ng,  short  and  stubby.     Banner  oval,  white,  very  wide  below,  abruptly 


176 

nrched  at  calyx  tips  to  nearly  00  do^Toes ;  sides  refloxed  fully  2  nun. 
Hide,  Made  3  mm.  lonK.  Wings  oblong,  with  narrow  base,  ascendinK. 
rather  acute,  barely  as  long  as  keel.  Keel  1  mm.  shorter  than  the  ban- 
niT,  dark-tipped,  produced  into  an  acuminate  erect  tip  2  nun.  high  which 
Is  abruptly  Incurved  to  90  degrees,  straight  and  like  that  of  A.  campes- 
tris.  Calyx  a  little  over  2  mm.  long,  not  arched,  nor  cleft  deeper  abovf\ 
short-canipniiulate,  green,  narrowed  l)elow,  densely  white-hairy,  teeth 
subulate,  ns  long  as  lube,  not  unequal.  Pedicels  slender,  2-5  mm.  long, 
much  longer  than  the  bracts.  Bracts  minute  but  conspicuous,  hyaline. 
Peduncles  about  4  cm.  long,  slender,  about  10-flowered,  .shorter  than  the 
petioles.  Lenves  all  pelioled,  2.5-7  cm.  long,  the  lower  the  smallest,  the 
uppermost  th(>  largest;  pet'ole  sliorl:t>r  tlian  the  leaf-i-acliis.  LojiHets 
oblanceolate  to  oval  2  10  mm.  lonur,  folded,  petiolulate,  8-14  pairs,  very 
obtuse,  nearly  <'ontigiious.  Stipul(>s  liyaline,  conspicuous,  almost  con- 
nate below,  not  adnate,  reniform  to  deltoid,  seldom  ov<m-  2  mm.  long, 
often  twice  as  wide  as  long,  very  much  like  those  of  A.  juaceus.  Stems 
prostrate,  many,  slender,  weak,  woody  at  base,  not  over  1.5  dm.  long, 
Internodes  seldom  over  1.2  cm.  long,  often  very  short,  knotty.  Rather 
woody  rooted,  green  perennial.  Pubescence  ashy  to  nearly  glabrous, 
very  sjiai-se  t>xccpr  on  young  iiarts.  Peninsula  of  Lower  California. 
Tropical.     The  plants  form  close  mats  on  the  ground. 

133.  Astragalus    Mohavensis,    Watson   Proc.   Am.   Acad.   20  .301 

(1885).  Pods  narrowly  oblong,  plum-shaped,  about  1.8  cm.  long,  5-7 
rum.  wide,  and  3-5  mm.  high,  with  pulpy  wall  2  mm.  thick  when  fresh 
and  not  thick  inner  walls,  which  separate  from  the  outer  much  as  in  A. 
cymboides,  nearly  straight.  Jointed  to  a  minute  sdpe  -"hen  dry  ^or 
weakly  attached,  sessile  when  green,  a  little  narrowed  below,  reflexed, 
coriaceous,  ashy,  rigid  or  faintly  cornigated.  opening  all  along  the 
ventral  suture.  Imperfectly  2-cellcd  by  the  partial  Intrusion  of  the  dor- 
sal suture,  cross  section  ellipitical-ovate  when  dry  and  almost  round 
when  fresh  but  sometimes  cordate,  both  sutures  promin'-nt,  niised  and 
thin  when  dry  only,  tip  l-celled  and  Hat  and  very  shortly  triangular 
acute  with  a  rather  long  mucro  which  is  about  in  line  with  tiie  middle  of 
the  end,  cavity  triquetrous,  hairy  and  pulpy.  Flowers  5-15,  about  7-8 
mm.  long,  not  stubby,  purple  tipped,  shortly-racemose,  ascending.  Ban- 
ner about  5  mm.  long,  arched  to  45-90°  at  the  end  of  calyx  tube,  3  nmi. 
longer  than  the  keel,  sides  reflexed  1-2  mm.  wide  and  most  in  the  mid- 
dle, white  .spot  ovate  to  oblong  or  obovate-oblong  and  puri^le  veined  and 
stopping  1  mm.  short  of  the  tip.  Wings  1  mm.  wide,  as  long  as  keel, 
ascending,  oblanceolate  to  oblong,  rounded,  nearly  straight,  oblique, 
darker  above,  4  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  3  mm.  wide,  i)urple, 
2  mm.  shorter  than  banner,  tip  larger,  rounded,  blunt,  erect,  arched  to 
V4,  circle  in  a  short  arc.  base  about  straight  to  a  little  arched,  blade 
4  mm.  long.  Calyx  turbinate  to  campanulate  cylindric.  not  arched  nor 
evidently  cleft  deei)er  above,  about  3  mm.  long,  not  flattened,  fleshy  at 
base,  nearly  equally  inserted;  sinuses  broad;  teeth  as  long  as  tube, 
equal  and  subulate.  Pedicels  not  over  2-3  mm.  long  about  as  Ions,'  as  the 
bracts  In  fruit  only  and  stout.  Bracts  ovate  to  subulate.  Pedicels  in 
flower  about  1  mm.  long.  Early  peduncles  scapose,  the  later  ones  axil- 
lary throughout,  racemosely  fruited  above,  7-15  cm.  long,  slender,  a 
trifle  longer  than  leaves  when  mature  including  the  rachis.  Leaves 
5-10  cm.  long  with  the  ])etioles  as  bvng  as  tlie  rachis,  or  on  the  lower 
leaves  much  longer.  Leaflets  broadly  elliptical  to  obovate,  cimeate  at 
base,  rarely  1.5  cm.  long,  2-5  pairs,  rather  distant,  aplculate  to  trun- 
cate ,the  central  ones  the  largest.  Stipules  deltoid,  adnate,  hairy, 
rather  stiff,  small.  Steins  flexuous.  not  over  a  foot  liigli,  much  branched, 
widely  spretidlag,  often  forming  masses  a  .vard  in  diameter.  Inter- 
nodes rarely  over  5  .mp..  long,  rubesccnce  silvery  even  to  the 
stipules,  with  slender,  and  dense  very  .chlnate  hairs,  the  stems  more 
pubescent  than  the  leaves.  The  plants-  bloom  as  winter  annuals  and 
continue  for  a   few  years.     Kather     onunon   in   rocky  canons  and  on 


1?7 

cliffs  from  Charleston  Mts.  to  Keeler.    Tropical, 

134.  Astraaalut  accumbens  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  20  (1894). 
A.  prociimhens  Watson.  Pods  1.2-2  cm.  Ion;;,  oblong-oval,  about  7  mm. 
high,  wrinkled,  puberulent,  dor.sal  suture  a  little  intruded,  cross  section 
nei'.rly  round  even  when  dry,  rounded  at  both  ends.  Flowers  nearly 
sessile  even  in  fruit,  stubby,  wliite  or  puri)lisli,  spreadiiif,',  few,  rarely 
more  than  3  pods  mature,  capitate,  0-10,  6-8  mm.  long,  the  blades  about 
as  long  as  calyx.  Banner  almost  round,  arched  to  erect.  In  broad 
curve  beyond  calyx  tips,  barely  longer  than  keel,  with  sides  reflexed 
about  1.5  mm.  wide  in  middle.  Wings  arched  almost  to  a  half  circle, 
very  obliquely  oblanceolate,  a  little  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  base 
arched  and  tip  incurved  to  more  tlian  erect  and  abrui)tly,  barely  acute. 
Calyx  rather  long-campanulate,  about  3  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  dark- 
hairy  with  appressed  pubescence,  scarcely  at  all  flattened  laterally, 
teeth  arched  and  triangular,  about  */4-*^  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  tri- 
angular, 2-3  mm.  long,  much  longer  than  the  very  short  pedicels.  Ped- 
uncles sul)scapif()rni,  S-U>  cm.  long,  ascending,  niuclii  longer  than  leaves. 
Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  with  petioles  over  half  the  whole,  slender.  Leaf- 
lets 5-7  pairs,  about  7  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide,  sessile,  thick,  oblong 
obovate,  rounded,  somewhat  silvery  with  appressed  hairs.  Stipules 
broadly  ovate  to  deltoid,  acute,  about  5  mm.  long,  hyaline,  adnate,  large 
for  the  plant,  either  imbricated  or  the  Internodes  very  short.  Root 
erect  and  much  branched  at  tip  with,  short  and  woody  stems,  2-15  cm. 
long,  then  again  branched  as  much  and  as  long  and  stems  rather  as- 
cending, forming  a  rather  open  mat,  the  habit  being  much  that  of  A. 
calycosus.  This  looks  like  a  diminutive  A.  Missouriensis  but  is  of  an- 
other group.  First  collected  by  Dr.  Palmer  in  1SG9  and  referred  to  A. 
tephrodes,  then  by  Dr.  Havard  at  Fort  WIngate,  Marsh,  and-  later  by 
Lemmon  at  Laguna,  New  Mexico.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  on  dry 
benches. 

135.  Aetragalus  iotiflorus  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  152  (1834).  Phacn 
T.  &  G..  Pods  mostly  straight,  both  sutures  convex  but  the  dorsal 
more  so,  r!;«i.vwlicn  pod  is  arcuate  the  ventral  suture  is  concave, 
laterally  compressed  and  cross  section  triquetrous  or  deltoiil-coidale 
when  it  is  simllow-sulcate  dor.sally,  flat  and  triangular-acute  at  tip. 
closely  ai)pressed  and  rather  long-hairy,  ascending  to  rettexed.  Flow- 
ers mostly  reflexed,  about  5-7  nun.  long,  almost  sessile,  sometimes 
clelstogamous,  about  10.  Banner  oval  to  round,  abruptly  erect  at  end 
of  calyx  teeth  or  nearly  so,  notched,  about  5  mm.  long,  nearly  a  half 
longer  than  keel,  often  purple-veined  above,  sides  reflexed.  Vv'ings 
narrowly-oblong,  obtuse,  nearly  2  mm.  wide,  somewhat  longer  than 
keel.  Keel  straight  hardly  surpassing  the  calyx  tips,  arched  to  erect 
at  the  truncate  end,  2  mm.  high,  dull-purple.  Bracts  subulate;  to  tri- 
angular, hairy,  about  equaling  the  calyx  tube.  Calyx  tube  2-'\  mm. 
long,  appres.sed-long-h,aIry.  Peduncles  slender,  often  very  short,  sub- 
8cai);form.  Iveaves  5-15  cm.  long,  the  petiole  about  half  the  whole. 
Leaflets  about  5  pairs,  elliptical  to  ol)long  and  acutlsh  at  both  ends. 
5-15  mm.  long,  rather  distant,  nearly  smooth  above.  Stipules  ovate, 
■  cumlnate  rarely  overlapjiing.  Stems  very  sliort  but  slender  and 
branched,  diffuse,  rarely  more  than  2-5  cm.  long,  forming  small  mats 
on  the  ground  and  very  leafy.  Whole  plants  variably  silky-pubescent 
with  hairs  mostly  appressed,  sometimes  spreading  on  the  pods.  Com- 
mon on  the  Plains  from  the  Saskatchewan  to  Texas  but  only  on  the 
Atlantic  slope,  blooming  in  spring.  Tlie  var.  brachypus  Ciruy.  (A. 
'.  l.atiocarpus  Sheldon  and  A.  ammolotus  (Jreene)  has  flowers  sessile 
:«t'readlng  pubescence.  This  Is  rather  common  ut  thenortli  but  hardlv 
:  inong  the  leaves  and  mostly  cleistoganious.  and  arcuate  pods  with 
d(>>jerves  varietal  rank  as  it  grows  with  the  other  forms  and  often  has 
sessile  and  long-peduncled  flowers  on  the  same  plant.  The  var.  Rever- 
choni  ((Jray)  .lones  wliicli  is  A.  criMaceus  Buckley,  A.  Iotiflorus  var. 
Nebraskensis  Bates,  and  A.  Batesil  Nelson  has  long  peduncles  and  nar- 


178 

row  pods  and  is  more  common  at  the  south.  This  form  has  short' 
l)ra(ns  and  ca\yx  lobes  and  loss  inflated  pods.  The  species  extenc 
eastward  to  western  Iowa  and  Dakota  and  Missouri.  Middle  and  Low^ 
Temperate  life  zones  on  plains  and  open  prairies  in  frravelly  soil. 


179 


15     ATRATI. 

Pods  oblaiig  to  nearly  linear,  cartilaginous  to  coriaoeous, 
rarely  chartaceous,  not  inflatfd  fa  little  so  in  A.  atratus),  various- 
ly ".i-iM'lle'i  l»y  the  intrusion  of  tlie  dorsal  putnre,  sulcute  Uorsally 
(exct  jiL  in  the  variety  menganus,  rarely  at  ull  ventrally,  wah  the 
cross-.' cction  round  or  nearly  so), pod  sessile  or  only  lumutwly  «tip- 
iiiite,  inclined  to  be  Micier  above  the  middle,  about  1.2-2.5  cm. 
long,  r.indy  Ti  mm.  wide  or  high,  opening  first  at  tip,  racemoBe, 
\LMirral  suture  tlie  mure  arched  and  pod  arcuate  downward  and 
seemingly  itpside  down.  Flower.*  sbort,  rarely  1  cm.  long,  wide 
H'ld  stubby  (tiot  stubby  in  Panamintensit;),  wJiitt  or  greenish,  sel- 
doni  purplish,  with  eainpanulate  c.lyx  and  narrow  teeth,  on  slen- 
der {)odieels  much  longer  thati  the  brads,  (fiowert^  nearly  sessile 
and  bracts  longer  than  the  pedicels  m  A  oliscurusj.  Bracts  and 
stipules  small,  the  latter  not  coiiJ  iite.  Lckm-s  narrow  und  with 
relatively  elongated  rachis  ta})enng  a/ d  rather  rigid.  Leaflets 
few  (rarely  T  pairs),  narrow,  mostly  short,  sub-alternate,  distani, 
mo8tl\  much  reduced  above  and  ibolmed  to  abort.  8ttir,s,  leaf- 
riichis  and  peduncles  all  green.  Stems  short  ai  d  slender,  wilh 
rai  her  m;iny  very  short  intetnodes  below  and  inclined  lo  be  caes- 
pitose  (rarely  somewhat  el(tnj.aied  and  with  a  few  long  internodes 
above),  prostrate  to  decumbent,  perennial.  This  group  grows 
only  in  the  Great  Easin,  Death  Valley  h\h\  southern  edge  of  the 
Columbia  Kasin  in  arid  plactjs,  rarely  among  grasses. 

KEY 

A.  Pods  cartilaginous  when  dry,  fleshy  v/hcn  fresh,  very  oblique, 
mottled,  w^idely  spreading  or  a  little  retlexed.  Proper  stems  aln.os: 
none,  caespitose,  with  stipules  mostly  overlapping.     Flowers  few. 

136     Salmonis. 
2A.     Pods   not    cartilaginous,  mostly  slightly  fleshy  when  fresh,  near- 
ly straight,    almost    linear,  rarely  at  all    mottled.     Some  of  the   stems 
with  long  internodes.     Leaflets  mostly  sharp. 
2AB.     Stems  slightly  if  at    all  branched   and   not   densely 

tangled.     Peduncles  conspicuous  and  elongated  (except  in  A. 
Ibapensis).  Flowers  greenish-white,  with  mostly  sharp  keel. 
2ABC.     Flowers  and  pods  erect  or  ascending.     Pedicels  very 

short.  Flowers  in  heads,  or  rarely  spicate.  137    obscurus. 

2AB2C.     Pods  reflexed  or  pendent,  opening  along  both  su- 
tures.    Flowers  mostly  reflexed.     Pedicels  elongated 
and  slender  and  much  longer  than  the  short  bracts. 
Flowers  several,  in  long  racemes.  13S     atratus. 

Flowers  1-2  at  the  ends  of  filiform 

peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves.  139     Ibapensis. 

2A2B.     Stems  densely  and  intricately  branched  forming  broad 
mats  a  few  inches  high.     Peduncles  hidden  among  the 
leaves.     Flowers  few,  purple,  not  stubby.     Pods  oblong,  tri- 
quetrous in  cross-section,  flat-apiculate,  straight. 

HO  Panamintensic. 


180 

136.  A8tr«fl«lu»  Salmonis  Jones  Cont.  8  9  (1808).  Referred  to 
A.  HourKovli  l)y  NVaisim  and  Oruy.  Youn^  pods  rather  triquetrous  in 
-Ti-v  s«'ctlon,  in  nge  renifonn,  weakly  attached  to  calyx  aiul  sessile  or 
sipe  half  the  calyx,  abruptly  contracted  below,  very  oblitiuely  oblonj;. 
;t.((M*  2  cm.  long,  5-7  mm.  wide  and  high,  stron;rly  and  closely  cross- 
ribbed  when  fresh  with  the  outer  wall  fleshy  and  pulpy  and  the  inner 
wiHxly  and  the  cavity  tilled  with  pulp,  the  septum  intruded  half  way, 
shallow  and  broadly  sulcate  nearly  to  tip  and  base,  and  canoe-shaped 
dorsally,  rounded  vi  nfrally  and  the*  thick  suture  raised  when  dry  but 
not  when  fresh,  the  deltoid  and  very  short  tip  about  at  ripht  angles  to 
dorsal  suture  and  declined,  seemingly  glabrous  but  minutely  i)ubescent, 
rarely   pendt-nr,    1-.''.      Flowers   about   3   and    loosely    racemose,    purple 

tinged,  about  1  cm.  long,  broad.  Banner  nearly  1  cm.  long,  oblong- 
oval,  deeply  notched,  veined  from  the  back,  the  midrib  purple  and  with 
.1  thickened  groove  on  t  ach  side  running  two-thirds  the  way  to  tip,  re- 
sembling Frasera  glands,  then  the  thin  sides  are  retlexed  4r)0  from  th** 
edge  of  the  groove  below  but  not  :it  tip,  arched  gently  at  end  of 
calyx  to  45°,  dlrty-greenish-whlte  with  a  purple  tinge.  Wings  broadly 
linear.  2  mm.  wide,  roundetl.  8  mm.  long  and  equaling  the  banner,  erose. 
not  narrowed  above,  arched  at  end  of  keel  to  45o,  concealing  it.  about 
flat  and  close-pre.ssed  to  it.  Keel  puri)le-tipped.  sharply  rounded 
to  about  l.Sno,  obtu.se,  short,  straight,  4  mm.  shorter  than  wings,  about 
.'5  mm.  high.  Calyx  4-angled,  the  tube  about  4  nun.  long,  barely  wider 
above,  oblique  at  base  by  the  lower  corner  being  cut  «)IT  and  so  seem- 
ing saccate,  above,  equally  inserted,  appressed-short-hairy  and  nigres- 
cent ;  teeth  subulate  and  about  half  as  long,  a  little  oblique  at  tip. 
Pedicels  2-4  mm.  long,  at  least  twice  as  long  as  the  hyaline  ovate  brads. 
Peduncles  subscapose,  1-2  dm.  long,  rather  stout,  ascending  1  >  erect  in 
flower  and  prostrate  in  fruit.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  long,  very  many  and 
very  narrow,  witJi  the  stout  petiole  about  one-third  the  whi  le.  Leaf- 
lets about  6  pairs,  rather  thick, 3-5  mm.  long,  elliptical  and  obtuse,  mostly 
folded  and  appearing  linear,  seemingly  sharp  but  mostly  obtuse.  Stems 
rarely  2-5  cm.  long,  many  from  a  nmch  branched  and  woody  crown 
from  a  thick  and  erect  root.  Whole  plant  puberuleiit.  (Growing  on  dry 
rocky  ridges.  Blue  Sits.  Oregon  and  vicinity.  Middle  Temperate  life 
zone  and  in  flower  in  early  spring. 

137.  Astragalus  obscurus  Watson  Bot.  King  G9  (1871).  Pods  .short- 
racemose,  shortly-acuminate  at  both  ends,  broadly  linear,  about  2.5  ,-m. 
long  and  3  nun.  wide  and  high,  rather  trique  trous-reniform  in  cro.ss 
section,  inclined  to  be  a  irille  laterally  flattened,  coriaceous  and  a  liiile 
fleshy  when  fresh,  not  reticulated  nor  ribbed,  both  suturc^s  raised  ex- 
ternally and  the  ventral  thickened  when  dry,  often  reddish  but  not 
mottled,  narrowly  and  shallow  sulcate  dorsally,  the  dorsal  suture  vari- 
ably Intruded  from  a  mere  trace  to  nearly  the  width  of  the  cavity, 
ashy  with,  clo.se  pressed  hairs  as  is  the  whole  plant,  sessile  on  a  very 
stout  pedicel  about  2  mm.  long  which  is  about  as  long  as  bract,  the 
.straight  tip  In  line  with  the  dorsal  suture  not  declined.  Flowers  at 
first  in  heads  then  elongating  a  little,  less  than  ten,  al)out  8  mm.  long. 
Banner  oval,  about  7  mm.  long,  abruptly  and  nearly  erect  from  calyx 
tips,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide  below  only,  filled  by  the  very 
broad  and  large  sulcus  which  is  triangular  and  sharp  and  2  nun.  d<HM>. 
broader  at  tip,  with  conspicuous  purple  stripes  radiating  palmately  from 
the  end  of  the  thick  claw.  Wings  very  obliquely  obovate,  a.scending 
450,  close  pressed  to  keel  below  with  the  upper  side  concave  to  it  and 
flaring  and  so  the  blade  seems  grooved  along  the  middle,  very  obtu.se, 
rounded,  shorter  than  the  keel  and  narrower,  about  1.5  mm.  wide. 
Keel  straight,  with,  tip  very  sharply  rounded  to  erect  and  then  ]w<>- 
duced  into  a  straight  and  sharp  or  rounded  tip,  3  mm.  high,  dark- 
yellow.  Calyx  a  little  obcorapressed  at  tip  with  broad  simuses  whitish 
tube,  about  2  mm.  long,  with  the  triangular  teeth  about  half  as  long. 


181 

oblique  at  base  and  fleshy,  rather  unequally  inserted,  nigresce)it. 
Peduncles  1-2  dm.  long,  longer  than  the  leaves,  erect  in  fruit,  often 
decumbent  in  flower.  Leaves  5-8  cm.  long,  numerous  at  the  crowu, 
narrow,  with  petiole  half  to  a  third  the  whole.  Leaflets  3-6  pairs, 
broadly  linear  to  elliptical,  or  even  some  oval-obtuse,  thick,  most  of 
them  narrow,  3-10  mm.  long.  Stems  with  2-3  slender  internodes  2-5 
cm.  long,  flexuous,  prostrate,  at  length  nearly  erect,  rather  caespltose 
and  tufted  from  a  woody  root.  Often  2-3  dm.  long.  From  Reno  to  Pal- 
isade and  possibly  Hawthorne,  Nevada  and  vicinity  to  the  Blue  Mts. 
Oregon,  growing  in  sagebrush  and  among  Atrlplex  confertifolia  on 
plains  and  slopes.  Middle  and  upper  part  of  the  Lower  Temperate 
life  zone,  blooming  ui  late  spring.  Reported  probably  erroaeoufcly 
from  Pnnaca,  Nevada.  The  relationship  of  thi.s  specie^  to  A.  ati''ntiiii 
is  \ery  close  in  some  forms  and  thej'  nearly  always  grow  together  or 
near  b.v. 

138.  Astrngalus  atratue  Watson  Bot.  King  69  t.  11  (1871),  Haroo»a 
Rydberg.  A.  atratus  var.  stenophyllus  .Tones,  var.  arctus  Sheldon.  Pods 
from  base  to  tipiii.ire  narrowctl  n{  hiise  and  distinctly  stipitate  in  the 
calyx  pendent  at  the  end  of  an  ascending  or  slightly  reflex:ed  pedicel, 
2-2.5  cm.  long,  rarely  3  mm.  high  or  wide,  chartaceous,  sulcate  dorsally 
shortly  acuidnate,  linear, about  as  in  A.  ohscurus  and  septum  as  vari- 
able. Flowers  whitish  or  dull-purple,  about  as  in  A.  obscurus.  but  ban- 
ner notch.ed.  about  1  cm.  long,  oval,  arched  abruptly  to  60°-90°  at  calyx 
tips.  Wings  2-lobed  iu  the  type,  narrowly  oblong,  arched,  longer  than 
the  keel.  Keel  strongly  arched  from  the  base,  about  3  mm.  long,  the 
tip  erect  and  tasMTine-ncute  jind  little  produced.  Calyx  long-cam- 
panulate,  nigrestent,  rather  hyaline,  narrowed  below,  about  3  mm.  long, 
2  mm.  high,  not  gibbous,  reflexed  or  sjireading,  thrice  as  long  as  the  sub- 
ulate to  triangular  teeth.  Fruiting  pedicels  4-G  mm.  long,  very  slender, 
often  twi.S'ted  very  much  longer  than  bracts.  Racemes  elongated,  5-10 
flowered.  Peduncles  often  a  foot  long  and  the  rachis  as  much  more, 
tapering  tind  strict.  Leaves  rarely  1  dm.  long,  with  3-7  pairs  of  (in 
the  type)  nearly  flliform  acute  leaflets  scattered  or  even  absent  on  the 
upper  leaves,  2-15  mm.  long.  Pubescence  ashy  and  minute.  Stems 
very  slender,  with  one  to  few  slender  internodes.  rather  many  and 
tufted  from  the  woody  base,  decumbent.  This  is  the  common  form  grow- 
ing in  the  open.  From  Palisade,  Nevada  to  Reno  and  probably  south- 
ward to  Death  Valley,  northward  to  the  Snake  river  from  Glenn's 
Ferry  westward  but  not  in  the  lower  Columbia  Basin  proper.  Grow- 
ing in  the  sagebrush  in  gravelly  soil  in  valleys  and  low  slopes.  Lower 
Temperate  life  zone.  Blooms  in  May.  The  plants  reported  from 
Pine  Valley,  Mts.  Utah  by  Parry  are  A.  stratureusis.  The  species  as 
described  and  riu;ur(  d  by  WalS'Ui  'n  Kiiu'-"^-  }l"T>in  m  mislcjidimr  ,  The 
basis  of  the  type  is  the  material  from  the  Toyabe  and  Pah  Ute  Mts. 
Nevada,  but  the  figure  represents  what  the  artist  thought  the  species 
was  and  not  what  it  was,  no  sucli  leaves  are  found  on  any  specimens?, 
and  are  an  invention  of  the  artist  to  repr-^sout  what  he  thought  the 
plant  would  be  when  fresh.  This  causod  ilu>  writer  to  err  in  describ- 
ing the  var.  stenophyllus  as  he  took  the  figure  to  represent  the  species. 
Nelson's  plant  is  tlie  most  slender  and  r.-inuiio-e  kti.':.  Tho  lot  fng  of 
wings  is  v<>ry  varir.ble. 

Astrzgaius  atratus  var.  phyllophoVus  Jones  Cont.  10  62  (1002). 
This  is  ttie  normal  well  developvd  form  of  the  species  gi>3v.-ing  in  moist 
.soil.  Pods  abruptly  acute  and  apiculate,  about  3  mm.  wide,  inclined  to 
be  a  little  wi  ler  above,  nearly  round  in  cross  section,  appearing  a 
trifle  inflated.  Wings  about  twice  as  long  as  keel  and  much  wid^^r 
above  and  rather  deeply  lobed.  as  long  as  banner.  Flowers  fully  1  cm. 
loqg.  Keel  tip  Incurved  100°  aiul  tip  deltoid,  (^alyx  4  mm.  long,  barely 
gibbous,  narrowed  below,  teeth  broadly  trinngidiir,  iibout  one-tiUMrtev 
i'.s  long  as  tube.  Pe<licels  4  mm.  long,  three-fourths  times  the  bracts. 
Pedtmcles  rarely  over  1   dm.  long.    Leaves  2-7  cr.i,  .oag.     LvailoLo  ro- 


1K3 

mofp,  4-10  mm.   lonu,  narmwly  olliptlcul,  obtuse.     AusCm,   Novada. 

Astragalus  atratus  var,  Owyheensis  (Nelson).  A.  Owyheensis 
Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  55  375  (1913).  Pods  papery,  shaped  altout  as  in  ihe 
type,  broadly  linear,  acuminate,  nearly  straiKbt,  ab<»ut  -1  nun.  wide. 
3  mm.  high  and  1.5-2  cm.  lonjr,  somewhat  dorsally  flattened  and  shal- 
low-sulcate  below,  on  a  slender  stipe  varyinj;  up  to  the  leuf^tli  of  calyx 
tn^e  from  very  .«.hort,  on  a  twisted  <*apillary  pitlicel  often  .1  cm.  long, 
in  very  lax  and  elongated  racemes  on  almost  capillary  peduncles  often 
'2°  long.  Dorsal  suture  a  mere  ridge  within,  cross  section  about  reni- 
form.  pod  pendent,  a  little  inflated,  splitting  to  the  middh"  along  the 
dorsal  suture  and  to  the  base  of  the  venn-al  and  valves  twisting',  about 
smooth  and  mottled,  with  sutures  rather  prominent  but  not  much 
pedicels  4-6  mm.  fcng,  ascending.  Baimer  nearly  rent'onh,  about  5  mm. 
thickened.  Flowers  dull  greenish-white,  about  1  cm.  long,  on  capillary 
long,  thick,  with  sides  a  little  i-eflexed  above,  abruptly  arched  to  100° 
at  end  of  cal.vx  tube,  deeply  notched.  Wings  as  long  as  banner  and 
much  enlarged  above  but  not  notched  or  lobed  to  .speak  of.  Very  obtuse 
and  rounded  and  wide.  Keel  purple-tijiiied,  wide,  the  blade  about  half 
as  hmg  as  wings,  acute  but  not  prudacvd.  -Calyx  campanulate,  rounded 
at  base,  equally  inserted,  about  4  mm.  long,  with  triangular  teeth  ab(mt 
1  mm.  long  or  a  little  more.  Bracts  minute,  ovate,  hardly  1  mm.  long. 
Peduncles  .suliscaiiil'orm  the  proper  stems  in mg  only  a  few  inches  long 
and  very  many  fr(«m  a  slender  and  rather  woody  root  which  is  much 
branche<l  at  tip  as  are  the  stems.  Stipules  hyaline,  not  connate,  adnate, 
small.  Normal  leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  the  low^er  ones  shorter,  with 
tapering  rachis  and  3-5  pairs  of  distant  leaflets  which  appear  linear 
but  are  folded  mostly  and  narrowly  oblong  and  "apiculate  and  about  1 
cm.  long,  tlie  uppermo.st  one  not  jointed  to  rachis,  but  not  elongated. 
Pubescence  of  fine  hairs  fixed  by  the  base.  The  tufts  lie  flat  on  the 
ground  and  &traggb>  along  in  the  grass  of  the  meadows  forming  loose 
mats  'Often  3  feet  in  diameter  in  the  most  favorable  places.  First 
collected  by  me  at  Weiser,  Idaho  in  1900,  then  at  Contact,  Nevada  in 
1901  and  in  Oregon  at  Baker  City  in  1902.  Because  of  its  peculiar,  pod 
I  was  holding  it  to  detenuine  its  true  place  in  the  genus  when  Nelson 
published  it  in  191.3. 

Astragalus  atratus  var.  mensanus  .Tones  Cont.  7  GG5  (1895).  Pods 
narrowly  oblong,  about  2  cm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  much  laterally  flat- 
tened, not  sulcate  dorsally,  abruptly  apiculate.  Dorsal  suture  only  a 
little  intruded.  Lower  leaflets  elliptical,  upper  linear.'  Darwin  Me«sa 
Inyo  Co.  California,  Coville. 

139.  Astragalus Ibapensis  Jones  Cont.  3  290  (1893).  Atelopi-ragma 
Rydberg.  Pods  aboat  12  nun.  long  and  3  mm.  wide  and  high,  round  in 
cross  section,  abruptly  apiculate,  broadly  linear,  a  trifle  wider  above, 
apparently  with  dorsal  suture  a  little  intruded,  but  not  sulcate.  Flowers 
About  as  in  A.  atratus,  the  wings  rather  fanshaped  and  about  as  long 
as  banner  and  a  little  longer  than  keel  which  is  straight  along  the  base 
and  then  abruptly  arched  to  45°,  rarely  90°  and  triangular  acuto  and. 
purple-tipped  and  about  3-4  nmi.  long.  Calyx  tube  campanulate  and 
equally  inserted,  2  mm.  l"ng,  ascending,  the  deltoid  teeth  hardly  half  as 
long,  ashy.  Slender  pi dieels  about  3  mm.  long  and  much  longer  than 
tlie  minute  ovate  bract,  rioral  rachis  not  over  1  cm.  lone:,  zigzag,  \\i'^h 
2-3  bracts.  Peduncles  about  3  cm.  long,  axill.ary  in  the  3-5  upper  nodes. 
Leaves  3-4  cm.  long,  with  petiole  1-2  cm.  long  and  not  tapering.  Leaf- 
lets 1-5  linear-elliptical,  the  lateral  ones  1  cm.  or  le.ss  long,  obtuse,  flat 
thin ,  petiolulate  and  jointed,  to  rachis,  the  terminal  one  twice  as  long 
and  not  jointed  to  rachis,  all  the  upper  leaves  reduced  to  the  single 
terrrjinal  leaflets  which  ^,e  2-3  cm.  long  and  linear-acuminate,  or  with 
a  minute  side  leaflet  at  the  base.  Stems  almost  filiform,  about  a  fo'i 
long,  simple,  several  from  the  crown  of  an  erect  and  fleshy  root.  AH 
but  the  lowest  internodes  2-3  cm.  long.  Deep  Creek  (Ibapah)  Utah  on 
sagebru.sh  plains.    Lower  Temperate  life  zone.    No.  1084  Gooding  from 


183 

Juab,  Utah  soems  to  be  the  same. 

140.  Astragalus  Panamintensis  Sheldon  in  Coville  Death  Valley 
Itep.  87  (ISO;!).  Tods  about  l.H  cm.  lonjr,  3  mm.  high  and  2  mm.  wide, 
iU'shy  when  fresh  witii  walls  about  Vz  mm.  thick  })ut  cuttinj?  hard, 
coriaceous  when  dry,  rather  deeply  snlcate  aionj:  the  middle  but  not  at 
all  at  eithior  end,  with  septum  intruded  nearly  through  below  but  not 
at  tip,  jointed  to  calyx  and  almost  sessile,  minutely  purplish-mottled, 
faintly  cross-ribbed,  ashy,  with  ventral  suture  conspicuously  thickened 
and  raised,  th<>  tip  straight  and  almost  in  the  middle,  cross  section  Y- 
shaped  when  dry,  mostly  single  at  the  ends'  of  the  filiform  peduncles. 
Flowers  1.2-1.5  cm.  long,  not  broad,  white,  tipped  with  purple,  banner 
oval-ovate,  about  1  cm.  long,  abruptly  arched  to  90°  at  calyx  tips, 
sides  not  refiexed,  groove  narrowly-V-shaped  and  extending  to  tip; 
white  spot  tridentate  and  oblong,  waterlined  only.  Wings  2  mm.  wide, 
3  mm.  longer  than  keel  obliquely  spatulate,  convex  to  keel,  expanded 
part  mostly  beyond  keel,  rounded,  white  below  and  purple  above. 
Keel  about  2  mm.  long  and  high,  arched  to  a  half  circle  from  very 
base,  obtuse,  bellied  below.  Calyx  tube  nigrescent,  a  trifle  arched,  the 
lower  sidi>  barely  concave  and  the  upper  side  convex,  not  cleft  deeper 
iibove,  narrowly  campanulate ,  about  4  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  neither 
oblique  nor  truncate  below.  Teeth, subulate  and  about  as  long.  Pedi- 
cels 2-3  mm.  long,  slender.  Twice  as  long  as  the  ovate  bracts.  Peduncles 
v.-eak,  arched,  3-5  cm.  long.  Leaves  7-12  cm.  long,  with  filiform  rachis. 
Ijeallets  4-5  pairs,  4-12  mm.  long,  linear  to  almost  Ji.'iform,  acute  at 
both  ends,  rather  falcate.  Stems  rather  short  and  very  slender,  4-15 
cm."  long  with  internodes  7-10  mm.  long,  woody  at  base,  the  tips  erect. 
Pubescence  of  whole  plant  rather  dense  and  iioary  with  short  and 
appressed  hairs.  Growing  in  broad  mats  on  clifi-^.  Lower  Temperate 
life  zone,  in  canons.  Panamint  Mis.,  California.  Tlic  old  stems  endure 
from  year  to  year  and  the  old  gray  petioles  help  t;i  give  the  whole 
a  lirdsnest  api)earance. 


1S4 


16     STKIGILOSI. 


Pods  oliart:i('»i'U>  to  l»H[)ery.  ]>Mi<li-iit.  (jipp  iriMuly  Hf«ceii(ling 
in  A.  Tolucaiiiis),  pcirily  lo  fully  '-icelUMl  by  iln-  intrusion  of  the 
dorsal  suture  us  a  1  mil  partition,  raruly  much  kulc-itf  dursally, 
iiutlined  lu  be  witlt^-  }ibi>\e,  linear  t(»  oval,  stipuafe  (almost  sessile 
in  A.  reptans  ami  (Jobrensis,  and  fully  so  in  ]>Iatytropifi),  inflated 
(scarcely  so  in  A.  recurvus  ami  slraturensis),  with  cross-section 
triquetrous  to  rouml,  wiiii  ventral  suture  the  more  arched  or  if  it 
is  concave  toward  the  end  then  the  tip  is  declined  (except  in  A. 
Cobreiisis).  Flowers  about  horizontal,  small  (large  and  2  cm. 
long  in  A.  re})taMH),  rarely  1  cm.  long,  white  or  whiti^^h  (banner 
rarely  purple),  with  campauulate  calyx  and  trianguhir  teeth  uiost- 
ly  about  as  long  as  tube.  Peduncles  slender,  at  least  as  long  as 
the  leaves  (sometimcH  iihorter  in  A.  Tolucanus).  Leaves  slender, 
eiiort-petioied  (long-petiolcd  in  A.  platytropis),  with  rather 
niany  pairs  of  leaflets  which  are  narrowly  to  broadly  el!ij)tical 
(sometimes  linear  in  A.  Brandegei),  obtuse  and  luwstly  thin, 
nearly  contiguous  (except  in  A.  recurvus  and  Brandegei).  Stij)- 
tiles  connate  below  (free  in  A.  ^traturensis  and  lirandeaei). 
Sterna  slender  to  filiform,  decumbent  to  weakly  erect  (cr«^eping 
and  rooting  in  A.  reptans),  flexuous,  with  rather  many  intt  rnod^'s 
(almost  none  in  A.  platytropis).  Tufted  perennials  {:\.  Brande- 
gei is  a  winter  annual)  of  the  Middle  Temperate  to  ibe  Tiopical 
life  zones  (A.  platytropis  appears  as  if  subalpine).  This  rather 
loosely  inter-related  group  is  closely  connected  with  the  Atrnti 
but  lacks  the  very  narrow  rakish  leaves  and  aborting  h  afl-'ts  ai.d 
rigid  petioles,  etc.  The  species  are  all  southern  (except  A.  i»Uty- 
tropis),  reaching  only  to  central  Utah,  growing  among  jiinc  for- 
ests and  junipers  mostly  and  rarely  in  oak  brush.  A.  platytrops 
grows  iii  rich  soil  in  coniferous  open  forests,  and  reptans  eeems  to 
grow  in  rich  and  open  warm  meadows. 

KEY 

A.  Pods  linear,  curved,  papery,  not  inflated,  not  wider  above,  evident- 
ly stipitate,  aboui:  1.5  cm.  long  and  2-3  mm.  hign,  triquetrous  in  cross- 
section,  and  sulcate  dorsally.  Flowers  rather  many,  racemose,  broad, 
about  7  mm.  long.  Calyx  tube  about  2  mm.  ,  acute  at  base,  with  teetii 
nearly  as  long  as  tube.  Peduncles  in  the  upper  axils  and  about  1  dm. 
long  and  with  floral  rachis  1-2  dm.  long  in  addition.  Pedi^eli  1-2  mm. 
long,  and  nearly  equaled  by  the  ovate  bracts.  Leaflets  narrow.  Stems 
densely  tufted  and  1-3  ft.  long,  with  rather  many  internodes  3-8  ^m. 
ong.  Recurvi, 


^85 

PodB  convex  along  the   ventral   suture   and  so   seeming  wrong 
side  up.     Leaflets  nearly  linear,  5-t  mm.  long.     Wings 
only  equaling   keel.  141  recurvus. 

Pods  straight  or  slightly  upcurved.     Leaflets  lanceolate  or 
wider,  1-2  cm.  long.     Wings  longer  th«n  keel. 

142  straturcnsis. 
2A.  Pods  oblanceolate  to  oval,  inflated,  shortly  acute  to  npiculate, 
r.ot  over  S  mm.  wide  when  broad,  with  cross-section  round  to  oblate 
ind  inclined  to  be  somewhat  obcompressed,  rarely  sulcate  and  then 
very  broadly  so. 
2AB.  Flowers  racemose,  3-8  mm.  long. 
2ABC.     Flowers  rather  many,   5  10  cm.  long.     Pods 

linear-oblong,  sulcate  dorsally  and   obcompressed,   acute, 
on   a  stipe  at  least  as  long  as  calyx,  about  1.5-2  cm.  long, 
little  if  at  all  wider  above.  143  strigulosus. 

2AB2C.     Flowers  1-4,  3-4  mm.  long,  scattered  along  a  filiform  ra- 
chis,  on  long  pedicels.     Pods  oblong-obeonical,  apiculate. 
on  a  minute  stipe,  wider  above,  about  1  cm.  long. 

144  Brandegei. 
2A2B.     Pods  nearly  globose  to  oval,  conspicuously  inflated,  2-3 

crn.  lonj,  capitate.     Stems  slender,  with  imbricated  stipules. 

145  platytropis. 
2A3B.     Flowers  in  heads  or  very  short  spikes.     Pods  smooth, 

oblong,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  chartaceous,  evidently  a  little 
inflated.     Leaflets  broad  or  large. 
2A3BC.     Stems  not  creeping.     Flowers  not  over  1  cm.  long. 
2  A3BCD.     Leaflets  rather  thick.     Pods  quite  oblique,  with 
upturned  mucro.     Flowers  white  to  cream-colored,  5-7 
cm.  long,  with  purple-tipped  keel.     Plants  nearly  erect, 
from  slender  root  branches'.  146  Cobrensis. 

2A3BC2D.     Stems  very  slender  and  nearly  prostrate. 
Leaflets  very  thin.     Pods  scarcely  oblique,  stipitate. 
Banner  purple-veined  above  and  purple-tinged  on  the 
sides  which  are  rcflexed  along  the  middle.     Wings 
white-tipped.     Flowers  1  cm.  long,  10-20,  in  a  dense 
oblong  head  which  becomes  a  short  spike  in  fruit. 
Keel  purple-tipped. 
Stems  2-3  ft.  long.     Flowers  1  cm.  long. 
Calyx  teeth  subulate,  2-3  mm.  Ions.  147  Guatamalensis. 

Calyx  teeth  minute  and  deltoid.  148  Painteri. 

Stems  hardh  2  dm.  long.     Flowers  7  mm.  long. 

149   Tolucanus. 
2A3B2C.     Stems  slender,  decum.bent.     Leaflets  thin,  narrowly 
oblong,  about  2  cm.,  long.     Pods  nigrescent,  papery,  1  cm. 
long,  nearly  sessile,  rather  oblique.     Flowers  closely  rc- 
flexed, spicate,  about  4  mm.  long.  150  Rosei. 
2A3B3C.     Stems  creeping,  and  rooting  at  the  nodes.     Leaves 
ong-petioled.     Flowers  cream-colored  and  rcflexed. 

151    reptans. 


I8tt 

141  Attrtgalus  recurvus  Greene  Hull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  155  (1885). 
Po  is  ai)oat  S  liim.  high,  sulcate  nearly  to  the  middle  and  with  sep- 
tum intruded  almost  to  the  ventral  suture,  with  wavy  margins,  taper- 
ing into  a  stipe  shorter  than  the  calyx  and  triangular-acute  with  the  tip 
following  th«  curve  of  the  dorsal  suture  which  is  conspicuously  con- 
cave and  the  ventral  very  convex,  making  the  pod  much  recurved.  Flow- 
c.  s  dull-white.  Banner  oval,  abruptly  arched  to  erect  at  end  of  caly.x, 
about  3  mm.  long,  with  sides  reflexed  a  little  at  base,  the  blade  fan- 
ve>ne  1  with  purple  and  with  purplish  sides  much  as  in  A.  obscurus, 
barcy  surpassing  wings  and  keel.  Wings  very  obliquely  obovate  and 
about  3  mm.  long  and  Z  mm.  wide,  whitish  at  tip,  arched  till  tips  are 
nearly  erect.  Keel  arched  from  base  to  a  half  circle  and  with  the  tri- 
angular and  acutish  tip  erect,  or  the  wliole  keel  nearly  erect  and  tri- 
angular, about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  darker  at  tip.  Caly.x  tube 
etiually  attached  on  pedicel  and  not  obli(|ue.  Peduncle  and  floral  ra- 
chis  about  equal.  Leaves  hardly  1  dm.  long.  Leaflets  distant,  about 
8  pairs,  about  linear,  5-8  mm.  long.  .Stipules  connate.  Stems  about  a 
foot  high,  decumbent  below,  minutely  pubescent.  This  was  first  col- 
lected by  Palmer  at  Prescott.  It  grows  in  the  open  pine  forests  of  the 
Mogollons  of  northern  Arizona  from  Prescott  to  Flagstaff  and  th« 
Grand  Cinon.     .Mddie  Temperate  life  zone.     Blooms  in    summer. 

142  Astragalus  stratureniis  Jones  Gout.  8  19  (1898).  Pods  arcu- 
ate upward  or  .-.craight,  but  the  tip  with  a  convex  hump  along  the  ven- 
tral suture  and  declined,  papery,  about  2  mm.  high  and  3  mm.  wide, 
with  cross-section  rather  oblately  deltoid-rcniform,  rather  abruptly 
contracted  at  base  into  a  .stipe  at  least  as  long  as  calyx,  and  abruptly 
and  very  obliquely  apiculate  at  tip,  sulcate  to  the  middle  and  with  the 
septum  extended  to  the  ventral  suture  which  is  not  wav}'  on  the  mar- 
gin. Flowers  in  racemes  which  are  often  twice  as  long  as  the  peduncle, 
many,  with  deep-purjde  banner,  white  wings  and  purple-tipped  keel. 
Banner  broadly  ovate,  about  4  mm.  long,  notched,  abruptly  arched  at 
calyx  tips  to  45  to  60  degrees,  streaked  with  heavy  purple  lines  within 
which  are  lighter  on  the  outside:  groove  broad  and  shallow  and  about 
a  third  of  a  circle  at  base  and  nearly  vanishing  above;  while  spot  hard- 
ly evident  except  when  color  is  deep;  sides  of  banner  reflexed  1  mm. 
wide  below  and  but  little  above.  Wings  arched  at  keel  tip  to  45  de- 
grees, oblong-ovate,  barely  acutish,  darker  below,  about  3  mm.  Ions; 
and  1  mm.  shorter  than  banner  and  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  1-2  mm. 
wide,  concave  to  keel,  one  is  vertical,  the  other  horizontal  and  spread- 
ing. The  keel  extends  about  2  mm.  beyond  calyx,  arched  to  about 
two  thirds  of  a  circle,  short-triangular,  acutish,  with  straight  base. 
Calyx  tube  nearly  hemispherical,  not  gibbous,  a  trifle  flattened  above, 
slightly  unc(jually  attached.  Fruiting  rachis  often  a  foot  long.  Leaves 
about  1  dm.  long.  Leaflets  about  6  pairs,  normally  elliptical  to  lance- 
olate (rarely  some  of  the  lower  ones  oval),  obtuse  to  retuse.  generally 
folded,  1-2  cm.  long,  long-petiolulate,  cuneate  at  base,  lighter  below, 
appearing  as  if  glaucous,  almost  smooth.  -Stipules  triangular,  green, 
reflexed,  not  connate,  small.  Stems  often  3  ft.  long  and  straggling, 
slender,  nearly  simple  from  an  open  base,  with  internodes  2-7  cm.  long. 
This  grows  in  the  Pine  Valley  mountains  Utah,  among  oak  brush,  on 
southern  slopes,  blooming  in  May,  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  It  is 
po«;sible  that  this  is  an  extreme  form  of  .A.  strigulosus  var.  breviden- 
tatus. 

143  Astragalus  strigulosus  TLB.K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  6  494  (1824). 
pods  about  4  mm,  wide,  about  2  cm.  long  in  the  type,  triangular-acute 
at  both  end^  and  with  a  flat  deltoid  beak  ending  iu  the  long  subulate 
•  tyle,  variably  pointer!,  inclined  to  be  ashy,  speckled,  with  dorsal  su- 
ture somewhat  intruded.  Flowers  rather  densely  racemose,  even  spi- 
cate  seemingly  when  young,  many  in  the  type,  whitish,  and  inclined 
to  be  yellowish  when  dry.  Banner  almost  round,  about  3  mm.  long, 
abruptly  arched  to  erect  or  more  at  end  of  calyx  tube,  and  thus  even 
the  keel  seems  to  protrude  beyond  it,  with  sides  much  reflexed.  The 
wings  lincar-oblinceolate,  wavy,  narrowed  at  tip,  almost  acute,  about 
1  mm,  wide,  much  narrower  than  keel,    fully    as    long    as    banner    and 


U7 

somewhat  ascending,  connivent  at  tip,  much  longer  tlian  keel,  keel 
about  1  mm.  longer  than  caly.x,  with  straight  or  slightly  arched  base, 
and  tip  abruptly  rounded  to  more  than  erect  so  that  the  deltoid  acute 
apex  does  not  seem  at  the  end,  it  is  also  a  little  darker.  Calyx  ,  in  the 
type,  about  black  with  dense  and  appressed  hairs,  rather  gibbous,  and 
ihe  tube  rather  long-campanulate,  about  3  mm.  long,  deeper  and  broad- 
I3'  cleft  above,  the  triangular  teeth  half  as  long  as  tube  or  a  little  more, 
thelo\sei  the  longer.  Fruiting  pedicels  2-5  mm.  long,  nearly  etiualed 
by  the  subulate  bracts.  Peduncles  1-2  dm.  long,  rather  stout,  with  the 
floral  rachis  rarely  1  dm.  long,  but  often  2  dm.  long  in  fruit.  T.eaflct? 
broadly  to  narrowly  elliptical,  obtuse  to  retuse,  8-12  pairs,  2  cm.  long 
or  less,  loosely  strigose-pubescent  with  spreading  fine  hairs.  L-ower 
stipules  connate,  reflexed  above.  Stems  ascending  to  erect,  very  sul- 
cate,  about  2  ft.  high,  rather  coarse.  Plants  growing  in  gravelly  mead- 
ows in  the  forests.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  from  southern  Xtw 
-Mexico  southward  throughout  Mexico  and  westward  to  the  Sierra 
Madres. 

Astragalus  itrigulosus  var.  gracilis  Hemsley  P)ot.  Cent.  .Am.  1  266 
(I88I)).  This  is  a  less  pubescent  form  with  rather  few  oblong  pods 
and  with  racemes  rarely  over  5  cm.  long,  and  shorter  peduncles  and 
slender  stems.     This  is  the  more  common  form  northward. 

Astragalus  strigulosus  var.  brevidentatus  Hemsley  1.  c.  A.  Rusbyi 
Greene.  This  is  an  almost  smooth  form  with  linear  pods  about  3  cm. 
long,  uncolored  and  smooth,  with  loosely  racemose  flowers  about  5 
mm.  long.  Calyx  teeth  deltoid  and  a  third  to  a  fourth  the  ashy  tube. 
Leaflets  oval  to  narrowly  elliptical,  rarely  1  cm.  long.  Frequent  in 
the  San  Francisco  forest  of  northern  .\rizona  and  eastward  to  the  Sac- 
ramento mountains  of  .Mew  Mexico,  southward  to  central  Mexico.  It 
it  seems  quite  distinct  but  intergrades  freely  with  the  other  forms. 

144  Astragalus  Brandegci  Porter  Fl.  Col.  24  (1874).  Pods  papery, 
rounded  at  tip,  apprcsscd-hoary  to  puberulent,  reflexed  but  appearing 
ascending  when  the  peduncles  are  prostrate,  very  few  and  widely  scat- 
tered, 1-1.5  cm.  long,  4-7  mm.  wide,  about  3  mm.  high,  very  shallow- 
sulcate,  narrowed  below,  filled  with  the  few  large  seeds,  with  uneven 
sides  due  to  the  bulging  sutures,  neither  suture  prominent  but  the  dor- 
sal straight  and  pod  flat  on  that  side,  the  ventral  suture  arched,  cross- 
section  a  flattened  oval,  septum  not  quite  complete  toward  the  tip. 
Flowers  white.  Banner  arched  abruptly  at  end  of  calyx  teeth  to  9U- 
100  degrees,  oval,  1  mm.  longer  than  keel,  4  mm.  long,  about  3  mm. 
wide,  deepb'  notched,  the  groove  forming  a  very  broad  arc  of  a  circle 
and  with  a  fine  cleft  along  the  middle,  sides  reflexed  for  about  one 
half  mm.  wide  on  the  margins  so  that  the  banner  is  almost  taken  up 
by  the  groove  which  is  2  mm.  wide  and  goes  to  the  base  of  blade.  The 
wings  oblong-obUnceolate,  broad,  arched  to  60  degrees,  a  trifle  longer 
than  keel  and  concave  to  it,  the  left  hand  one  flaring  and  the  other  one 
folded  over  the  keel's  end.  Keel  very  short,  straight,  with  tip  sharjily 
incurved  to  135  degrees,  barely  surpassing  calyx,  2  mm.  high,  with  the 
purple  tip  erect  and  produced  but  barely  acute.  Calyx  tube  turbinate, 
hairy,  a  little  shorter  than  the  subulate  and  spreading  teeth,  not  over 
2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  slender,  4-7  mm.  long.  Bracts  minute  and 
ovate.  Peduncles  erect,  flexuous,  much  longer  than  the  leaves,  1-2 
•dm.  long,  filiform  and  weak.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  very  lax  and  with 
distant  leaflets  which  are  linear  but  appear  filiform  (because  they  are 
folde.').  about  5  pairs,  involute,  smooth  above,  1-2  cm.  long.  Stipules 
adnate.  apparently  free,  green,  large  for  the  plant.  .Stems  densely  caes- 
pilose  and  much  branched  at  very  base,  prostrate,  almost  filiform, 
many,  straggling  outward  a  foot  or  two,  flexuous,  from  slender,  erect 
roots  This  is  one  of  the  most  delicate  Astragali.  It  grows  in  sard, 
gravel,  and  clay,  abounds  under  oak  brush  on  the  slopes  of  the  Wa- 
satch plateau  and  grows  luxuriantly  in  abandoned  fields  in  open  i)laces 
in  poor  clay  soil.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  and  running  down  a- 
long  streams  into  ths  Lower.  From  Canon  City  Colorado  to  the  Wa- 
satch plateau  and  southw.-ird  to  the  Mogollons  New  Mexico.  It  is  in 
bloom  in  June.  This  species  has  the  same  prolix  habit  of  the  hxst  var. 
of  A.  atratus. 


188 

145  Astragalui  platytropis  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  526  (1865). 
Pods  dark-puberulent.  ^onletinlcs  smooth  when  ripe,  mostly  mottled, 
oval  to  oblong-oviil,  very  thin  and  papery,  a  little  obcompressed  when 
fresh.  rouHded  at  both  ends,  shortly  apicuiate  at  tip,  not  oblique,  with 
dorsal  suture  the  more  arched,  a  little  sulcate  at  both  sutures,  straight, 
completely  2-celled  by  papery  partition,  with  cross-section  oval.  Flow- 
ers dull-white  to  lead-pur|)le.  about  7-8  mm.  long.  Banner  dirty-white 
and  tinged  with  yellow,  or  varying  to  light-lead-purjde,  bent  abruptly 
at  calyx  tube  to  45  degrees,  concave,  hooded  at  tip  by  the  contraction 
of  the  groove,  about  7  mm.  long,  a  trifle  wider  below  but  about  rounil, 
notched  at  midrib  and  often  with  additional  ones  at  tip  on  each  side; 
groove  very  broadly  V-shaped:  sides  reflexed  a  little,  purple-veined 
opposite  the  calyx  mouth.  Wings  arched  and  exposing  the  whole 
keel,  obliquely  lanceolate-oblong,  obtuse,  turned  out  and  horizont.tl  so 
that  they  form  with  the  keel  the  letter  T.  Keel  broad,  with  straight 
base  and  then  abruptly  erect  and  3  mm.  high,  the  tip  truncate  and 
purple,  about  as  long  as  banner  and  wings  or  about  I  mm.  shorter. 
Cab'x  tube  campanulate,  about  2  mm.  long,  nigrescent,  the  teeth  subu- 
late and  a  little  shorter  than  the  tube.  Pedicels  very  short  to  2  mm. 
long.  P.racts  mostly  longer  than  the  pedicels,  ovate  to  Irn^eolate,  mi- 
nute. Peduncles  scapose,  filiform,  3-8  cm.  long,  capitately  few-flow- 
ered. Leaves  3-8  cm.  long,  narrow,  much  as  in  A.  calycosus,  the  pet- 
iole mostly  longer  than  the  rachis.  Leaflets  3-6  pairs,  7-10  mm.  long, 
elliptical  to  obovate,  acute  to  apicuiate.  Stipules  ovate,  acuminate,  large. 
Stems  almost  none,  densely'  small-tufted,  from  a  thick,  fleshy  xtry 
long  root.  Pubescence  silvery-silky.  This  grows  in  gravel  on  dry 
and  rocky  ridges  for  the  most  part,  from  the  Upper  to  the  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone.  Rare.  .Sonora  Pass  Cal.,  I'rewer;  Bcaverhcid 
Co.  Mont,  Tweedy;  Aurum  and  Sprucemont  Nevada  and  Mt.  Ibapah 
Utah,  Jones. 

146  Astragalus  Cobrensis  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  43  (1853).  Pods  oblong. 
1-1.5  dm.  long,  4-7  mm.  wide,  about  2-3  mm.  high,  chartaceous,  ahnost 
sessile,  abrui-tly  rounded  at  both  ends,  conspicuously  obcomprcs.-ed, 
convex  to  near  the  tip  and  concave  at  the  tip,  sulcate  dorsally  and  the 
ventral  suture  somewhat  raised  and  rather  thick,  septum  a  little  pro- 
duced. I'lowers  rather  many,  densely  short-spicate  but  the  fruit  race- 
mose though  the  fruiting  rachis  is  rarely  5  cm.  long.  Lanner  oval, 
abruptly  arched  at  end  of  calyx  teeth  to  45-90  degrees,  3-4  mm.  long, 
a  little  longer  than  wings,  with  sides  reflexed  about  a  half  mm.  wide. 
Wings  oblong-obovate,  a  little  arched,  1-2  mm.  wide,  about  1  mm.  lon- 
ger than  keel.  Keel  abruptly  incurved  to  nearly  a  half  circle,  obtuse, 
wide.  Calyx  not  oblique,  nigrescent,  1-2  mm.  long,  broadly  campanu- 
late, acute  at  base,  equally  inserted,  the  subulate  and  curved  teeth  ful- 
ly as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  1-2  mm.  long,  stout,  about  as  long  as  the 
rigid  and  triangular  bracts.  Peduncles  hardly  as  long  as  the  leaves, 
rather  stout.  10-l5-flowered.  Leaves  4-10  cm.  long,.  Leaflets  6-10 
pairs,  5-10  mm.  long,  nearly  contiguous,  about  oval-obovate  and  most- 
ly notched  flat,  about  smooth.  Stipules  connate  below.  Stems  hardly 
a  foot  long,  erect,  fle.KUOus,  with  intcrnodes  shorter  than  the  leaves, 
several  from  a  much  branched  and  slenrler  root.  Pubescence  minute 
and  appressed.  This  species  grows  in  sandy  soil  among  juniper'^.  Low- 
er Temperate  life  zone  from  the  Catalina  Mts.  Arizona  to  the  Cobres 
of  New  Mexico  and  southward   to  Coahuila. 

147  Astragalus  Guatamalensis  Hemsley  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  1  264 
(1880).  Pods  oblong,  about  1,5  cm.  long,  7  mm.  wide,  4  mm.  high,  ob- 
cop.ipressed,  deeply  sulcate  dorsally,  nearly  ■2-celled,  with  septum  in- 
truded about  one  half  mm.  wide  as  a  thin  edge,  pod  a  little  concave  in 
middle  along  the  ventral  suture  but  convex  at  both  ends  with  the  short 
apiculation  in  the  middle  of  the  end  or  a  little  below  it  and  rather  de- 
clined, abruptly  contracted  at  both  ends,  (in  the  type)  on  a  stipe  much 
shorter  than  the  calyx,  finely  cross-nerved,  rather  coriaceous.  Banner 
about  8  mm.  long,  oval,  abruptly  arched  at  end  of  calyx  to  45  degrees. 
2-3  mm.  longer  than  wings.     Wings  oblong,  rather  narrowed  above,  a 


Irifle  arched,  about  1  mm.  wide  and  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  The  keel 
.straight,  about  4  mm.  long,  then  abruptly  erect,  triangular  and  acutish 
and  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  about  hemispherical,  3  mm.  long 
an('.  svide,  appearing  inflated,  rounded  at  the  fleshy  base  and  about  e- 
qiuiliy  inserted,  cleft  deeper  above  but  barely  oblique  above,  the  sinus- 
es \€ry  l)road,  and  the  subulate  teeth  about  2-3  mm.,  long  and  very 
slender,  nigrescent.  Pedicels  in  flower  stout  and  very  short,  longer 
than  ihc  very  papery,  white  and  subulate  bracts,  but  becoming  J  3 
im.  long  and  even  slender  in  fruit.  Peduncles  nearly  filiform,  spre:id- 
ing,  often  a  foot  long.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  weak,  with  lax  and  ta- 
p.ring  petioles  and  rachis,  widely  spreading.  Leaflets  12-15  pain,  el- 
-iptical,  truncate  to  notched  at  tip  and  apicuhue,  7-10  mm.  long  and 
about  half  as  wide,  minutely  pubescent  along  the  margins  and  midrib. 
Stipules  very  thin  and  papery,  subulate,  about  1  cm.  long  or  less,  uni- 
ted below.  Stems  2-3  ft.  long,  straggling  upward  and  rather  freely 
Ir. inched.  This  grows  in  barrancas  ( canoii-.)  in  the  mountains  in  ra- 
ther moist  places  from  Oaxaca  and  Hidalgo  Mexico  to  Guatamala  in 
the  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  It  i-,  probably  A.  bidentatus  H. U.K. 
a  very  uncertain  species  because  only  the  figure  remains  to  represent 
the  species,  and  we  know  that  these  were  not  always  accurate  in  some 
cases  of  well  known  species. 

Astragalus  Guatamalensis  var.  Oaxacanus  (Rosei  Jqnes.  A.  Oaxa- 
canus  Rose  in  herb.  This  is  a  form  with  smooth,  oblong-oval  pods  on 
a  stip.e  .longer  than  the  calyx.  Bracts  triangular,  5-8  mm.  long.  Leaf- 
lets elliptical  to  na.rrowly  oblong-ovate,  often  ashy.  This  is  Pringie's 
No.  6264  from  Oaxaca.  It  has  the  same  elongated  and  slender  stems 
w  hich  are  decumbent,  broad  leaflets,  and  blunt  pods  of  the  type.  It  is 
the  common  form  in  Mexico  from  the  states  of  Hidalgo,  Mexico,  and 
Oaxaca. 

Astragalus  Guatamalensis  var.  Lozani  (Rose)  Jones.  A,  Lozani 
Ro.-c  in  lierb.  .Stems  a  foot  high,  ascending,  slender,  freely  branched, 
from  underground  branches  of  the  root.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  with 
about  10  pairs  of  small  leaflets  which  are  oval  to  elliptical  and  rarely 
2  cm.  long.  Internodes  2-5  cm.  long.  Pods  the  same  as  in  the  other 
variety  but  ashy  as  well  as  the  whole  plant.  Bracts  hardly  as  long  as 
the  calyx  tube.  Sierra  de  Pachuca  Hidalgo  ^Mexico,  Pringie's  No.  69.'i5 
July  28  1898,  9000  ft.  alt.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  The  type  is  the 
National  Herb.  No.  462652.  Also  collected  by  Nelson  in  Oaxaca,  No 
1940,  Nov.  12  1894.  Zacatecas  Mexico,  Rose,  Aug.  26  1897,  Nat.  Herb 
No.  301562. 

Astragalus  Guatamalensis  can  be  'separated  from  extreme  forms 
of  A.  strigulosus  only  by  the  flowers  being  in  heads,  and  by  the  broad- 
er and  blunt  pods.  It  is  described  as  having  sessile  pods  without  par- 
tition and  with  creeping  stems,  but  this  not  true  of  the  specimens  cited 
by  the  author  in  his  description.  Both  species  have  the  narrow  sep- 
tum going  part  way  across  from  the  dorsal  suture. 

148  Astragalus  Painteri  Rose  in  herb.  This  is  like  the  preceding 
species  but  the  calyx  teeth  are  minute  and  de'toid  and  about  a  (luarter 
as  long  as  tube,  stipules  subulate  and  not  at  all  connate.  Pods  open- 
ing only  along  the  dorsal  suture,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  oblong  oval,  trun- 
cate at  base,  abruptlj'  apiculate-acute  at  tip,  n.u  h  obcompressed  and 
broadly  sulcate  dorsally  but  not  at  all  ventr;  ly,  smooth,  strongly 
cross-nerved,  inflated,  chartaceous,  with  septu  :.  intruded  about  a  half 
mm.  high.  Ventral  suture  much  thickened,  raised  and  white.  St'pe  a 
little,  shorter  than  calyx.  Flowers  white  but  purple-tinged,  about  1 
cm.  long,  in  heads  ancl  soon  reflexed.  Banner  oval,  about  5  mm.  long, 
arched  to  45  degrees  beyond  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  1  rnjii. 
wide  in  the  middle,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  wing.'<.  Wings  arched  a 
little,  lanceolate,  about  2  mm.  wide  in  ths  middle.  2  mm.  longer  tha  i 
keel.  Keel  half-rhomboidal,  very  obtuse,  about  3  mm.  high,  purple 
tipped.  Calyx  about  hemispherical,  3  mm.  long,  rounded  at  ba5e  and 
inserted  near  the  corner,  minutely  nigrescent,  about  twice  as  long  a> 
the  triangular  and  white  bracts.    Teetii  variable  but  mostly  very  short. 


1  'JO 

Peduncles  slender,  strict,  about  1  dm.  long,  a  little  longer  than  leaves. 
Lea\ek  about  1  dm.  long,  the  upper  nearly  sessile,  with  10-12  pairs  of 
elliptical-ovate  leaflets  which  are  about  1  cm.  long,  obtusish,  fiat,  not 
contiguous,  smooth  or  rarely  ashy.  Stems  3-5  ft.  long,  prostrate  or 
ascending,  with  slender  internodes  3-5  cm.  long,  (shorter  in  smaller 
plants),  flexuous.  Stipules  hyaline  and  conspicuously  connate.  Sier- 
ra de  -Vjusco  Morales  Mexico,  May  26  1898,  Middle  Temperate  life 
zone,  Pringle's  \o.  6861,  Xat.  Herb.  462653.  It  was  also  got  by  .\'el- 
son  in  the  valley  of  Daxaca  Sept.  20  1894  No.  1427  in  the  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone.  This  form  has  peduncles  2-3  dm.  Ion;;.  15  pairs  of 
leaflets,  stipules  1  cm.  long,  flowers  short-spicate.  Other  localities  by 
Rose  are  Tres  Marias  Morales  Julv  4  1901  No.  395071,  and  E\  Parquc 
Morales  Sept.  21    1903  Xo.  450817. 

149  Astragalus  Tolucanus  Rob  &  Seat.  Proc.  Am.  AcAd.  28  104 
(1893).  Pods  about  1  cm.  long,  rounded  at  both  ends,  oblong-oval, 
little  if  at  all  sulcate.  on  a  tapering  stipe  about  as  long  as  calyx,  appar- 
ently membranous,  probably  pendent  on  the  reflexed  stipe  and  spieate, 
with  septum  a  little  intruded.  Flowers  about  20,  ascending.  Banner 
ovate  to  oblong,  about  7  mm.  long,  gently  arched  to  erect  from  the 
end  of  caly.K  tube,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  wings  and  5  mm.  longer 
than  keel.  Wings  about  1-2  mm.  wide,  narrowly  oblong,  ascending 
concealing  keel.  Keel  with  straight  base,  barely  3  mm.  long,  thick, 
the  tip  abruptly  erect  and  almost  square  and  2  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube 
campanulatc,  about  4  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  nearly  truncate  at  base 
and  a  little  unequally  attached,  hyaline  and  speckled  with  minute  and 
black  hairs,  cleft  deeper  above  and  with  teeth  uneciual  but  broadly  tri- 
angular and  nearly  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  slender,  2-3  mm.  long, 
much  shorter  than  the  rather  stalked,  ovate,  foliose  bracts  which  often 
equal  the  calyx  but  are  rather  hyaline  below  and  4-10  mm.  long.  Pe- 
duncles mostly  shorter  than  the  leaves,  stout  for  the  plant,  sulcate,  as 
thick  as  the  stems.  Leaves  4-6  cm.  long,  vtry  short-petioled,  lax.  The 
Leaflets  8-15  pairs,  oval  to  oblong-elliptical,  4-7  mm.  long,  smooih 
above,  inclined  to  be  broader  below  and  with  cuneate  base,  .'^tipules 
conspicuous,  hyaline,  the  upper  the  largest,  lanceolate,  about  7  inn.. 
long.  .Stems  weak  and  filiform,  very  many,  from  a  thick  crown,  hard- 
ly 2  dm.  long,  branched,  nearly  prostrate.  Internodes  about  2  cm. 
long.  Whole  plant  nearly  smooth  except  the  nigrescent  calyx  and 
bracts.  This  is  a  delicate  and  low  plant  related  to  A.  Guatamalensis. 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  growing  among  pines  on  mountain  sides 
in  the  Nevada  de  Toluca  state  of  Mexico.  The  broad  calyx  lobes  and 
bracts  are  peculiar. 

150  Astragalus  Rosei  N.  Sp.  Pods  about  3  mm.  high  and  4  min. 
wide,  closely  reflexed,  convex  along  both  sutures,  specially  ;it  tip  and 
base,  obtuse  at  both  ends,  but  strongly  apiculate  at  tip.  so»;iewhat  in- 
flated, oblong,  the  ventral  side  rather  triquetrous,  the  dorsal  flattened 
a  little  and  very  broadly  sulcate  along  the  middle  making  the  cross- 
section  tricjuetrous-reniform,  the  septum  little  intruded  as  a  very  thin 
partition,  hlowers  stubby,  purplish.  Banner  very  broad  and  much 
recurved,  not  over  4  mm.  long,  often  surpassed  by  the  wings  which  are 
narrowly-oblong  and  somewhat  longer  than  the  keel.  Keel  obliciuely 
ovate  and  about  3  mm.  high  and  erect  or  arched  to  a  half  circle,  obtuse, 
conspicuous.  Calyx  campanulate,  the  tube  3  mm.  long,  cleft  deeper 
above,  with  the  lower  side  straight  and  the  upper  arched  and  inserted 
near  the  low^er  corner,  nigrescent  with  very  short  and  close-pressed 
hairs.  Teeth  subulate  from  a  dtltoid  base,  about  half  as  long  as  tube. 
Bracts  Un-eolate,  hyaline,  4-5  mm.  long.  Pedicels  almost  none.  Pe- 
duncles slender,  6-10  cm.  long,  in  the  upper  axils,  the  floral  rachis  3-5 
cm.  long.  Stems  flexuous,  a  foot  or  so  long,  probably  perennial.  The 
leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  nearly  sessile,  with  about  10  pairs  of  oblong, 
rounded  and  rather  long-petiolulaie  leaflets  which  are  nearly  smooth. 
Stipules  about  5  mm.  long,  triangular,  free  above.  This  has  ths  habit 
and  general  appearance  of  A.  Brandegei,  but  the  pods  have  the  general 
shape  and  look  of  the  Guatamalensis  group,  though    they   are    nearly 


191 

sessile.     Above  Dos  Rios  in  the  state  of  Mexico,  Sept.  4  1904  by    Ro.s« 
and  Painter,  Nat.  Herb.  No.  451)372. 

151  Astragalus  reptans  Willd.  Hort.  Berol.  2  88  t.  88  (1816). 
Pods  oblong-oval,  aliout  1.5  cm.  long,  7  mm.  wide,  rounded  and  ab- 
ruptly apiculate  at  tip,  almost  sessile  and  splitting  the  calyx,  inclined 
to  be  a  little  v/ider  above,  scarcely  oblique,  little  if  at  all  sulcate,  a 
little  obcompressed,  but  cross-section  nearly  round,  partly  2-celled. 
Flowers  in  a  short  spike  and  closely  ref lexed, ,  cream-colored  at  least 
when  dry,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  rather  many.  Banner  oblanceolate,  ob- 
tuse, about  1  cm.  long,  but  little  arched,  1  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with 
sides  reflexed  about  1  midi.  wide.  Wings  oblanceolate,  obtuse,  2  mm, 
wide,  narrowed  above,  about  4.  mm.  longer  than  keel,  straight.  The 
keel  obtuse,  about  2  mm.  wide,  4  mm.  long,  not  colored,  with  the  erect 
•tip  >iraight.  Calyx  tube  sliort-cylindric,  about  5  dm.  long,  3  mm.  wide, 
equally  iittachci],  with  the  lower  corner  cut  off,  very  oblique  below, 
thin,  iiigrcsv-mt ;  teeth  triangular  from  a  deltoid  base,  over  half  as 
long  as  tube,  unequal,  with  narrow  sinuses.  Pedicels  very  short.  The 
bracts  are  papery  as  in  A^.  (iuatamalensis,  ovate  to  lanceolate,  barely 
acute,  2-3  mm.  long.  Peduncles  about  a  foot  long,  slender,  from  root- 
ing nodes.  Leaves  1-1.5  ft.  long,  slender,  with  petioles  nearly  as  long 
as  the  rachis.  Leaflets  smooth,  narrowly  elliptical,  cuneate  below, 
about  2  cm.  long,  thin  and  flat,  12-14  pairs,  contiguous,  3-7  mm.  wide, 
obtuse.  Stipules  large,  connate-falcate,  green.  Stems  2-4  ft.  long, 
creeping  and  rooting  at  the  nodes,  many,  with  internodes  4-10  cm. 
long.  This  grows  on  knolls  in  low  meadows,  valley  of  Mexico  and 
Sierra  de  Las  Cruces.     Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 


iy2 


71     FLEXUOSI. 


Puds  coriai-eoiH  (rarely  papery  in  A.  Sileranus),  rather 
fleshy  when  fresh,  corrugated  or  cross-ribbed,  with  both  sutures 
rather  t.'iick  atid  prominent  externally  but  not  intruded  (some- 
times a  little  intruded  in  A.  Sileranus),  wholly  1-celled,  oval  to 
nearly  lineai-,  oblique,  liorizontal  to  reflexed  on  rather  stout  and 
short  pedicels, ;,inclined  to  be  sulcate  ventrally  and  sometimes  dor- 
sally,  variously  inflated  (scarcely  so  in  A.  flexuosus  and  parviflo- 
rus).  Flowers  j)urple,  racemose,  with  campauulate  or  rarely 
i^hort-cylindric  calyx  and  short  teeth.  Leaves  wide,  nearly  sessile. 
Leaflets  '.i-iV  })airs,  narrow  to  elliptical,  rather  distant  and  loug- 
l)etiolulate,  thick  atid  foldi-d,  mostly  retuse  and  about  I  cm.  long 
(rarely  more).  Pubescence  ashy  throughout  with  minute,  aj)- 
])resse(l  hairs  fixed  by  the  base  and  often  tangled,  the  >-urface  of 
the  leaflets  also  rougliened.  StipulcvS  connate  below,  broad,  ra- 
ther small.  Stems  blender,  decumbent,  much  branched  from  tlie 
much  branched  crown  of  the  erect  and  rather  sleudcr  ro  >t.  Per- 
ennials of  the  Lower  and  Middle  Temperate  life  zmiics,  growing 
ia  gravelly  soil  in  dry  places.  The  natural  place  f'  r  tins  group  is 
just  before  the  Collini  but  in  a  linear  arrangement  \i  comes  i  ere. 


KEY 

A.     Flowers  small.     Calyx  campanulate.     Pods  small  ornearly  linear, 
rarely  3  mm.  wide,  cross-ribbed,  scirccly  inflated,  about  sessile.     This 
approaches  the  A.  sophoroides  group  in  the  pods  but  differs    much  in 
flowers  and  foliage. 
AB.     Pods  boat-shaped,  hardly  twice  as  long  as  ■wiie,  strongly 
cross-ribbed,  inclined  to  be  bisulcatc  ventrally,  much  ob- 
compressed,  reflexed  on  twisted  pedicels  which  are   as 
long  aa  or  longer  than  the  bracts,  the  ventral  suture  about 
straight  and  the  tip  in  line  with  it.  152  parviflorus. 

A2B.     Pods  narrowly  oblong,  3-4  mm.  wide   or  hijh,  sometimes 
a  little  wider  above,  with  cross  lines  faint  and  fine  or  pod 
minutely  reticulated,  walls  thin-coriaceous.     Pedicels 
slender,  longer  than  the  bracts,  reflexed.     Flowers  about 
1  cm.  long.     Calyx  tube  about  3  mm.  long. 
Pods  short-stipitate,  about  smooth,  higher  than  wide, 
ventral  suture  not  convex.     Peduncles  longer  than  leaves. 

153  flsxuosuf. 
Pods  seasile.  ashy,  3  mm.  wide  and  high,  ventral  suture 
conspicuously  convex.     Pedicels  shorter  than  leaves. 

154  Diehlii. 
2A,     Flowers  h  rf;e,  bright-purple  2-3  cm.  long.  Calyx  short-cyl- 
indric,  atta^    cd  by  the  lower  corner,  very  oblique  at  tip  and 
truncate  bei      /. 
2AB,     Pods  h.t9,c,  2-3  cm.  Ion  ;,  evidently  inflated,  mostly  1  cm. 
wide  "or  bi^h,  very  oblique,  pendent,  in  short  racemes. 


193 


Stems  sparingly  branched  and  strangling  upward,  1-2  ft,  high. 

155  gracilentus. 
2A23.     Pods  cylindrical,  acute,  about  2  cm.  long,  little 

oblique  or  much  inflated,  arcuate,  sessile.  156  coriaceus. 

2A3B     Pods  not  cylindrical. 

Pods  straight,  ovate,  stipitate.  157  Antoninus. 

Pods  oblanceolate.  158  pinonis. 

Pods  immature  and  very  hairy.  159  Neomexicanus. 

3A.     Slender  and  prostrate  plants   with   nearly   simple   stems   2-3   ft. 

long.     Leaves  distant,  nearly  sessile,  divaricate.    Peduncles  long 

and  divaricate.     Flowers  capitate.     Pods  rigid,  1-2.5  cm.  long. 

160  Sileranus. 

152  Astragalus  parviflorus  (Pursh  Fl.  474  as  Dalea)  MacAIillan 
^letasperm.  325  (1892).  A.  microlobus  Gray.  Pods  about  oval,  trian- 
gular-apiculate,  about  straight,  5  mm.  long,  by  3  mm.  wide,  barely  1 
mm.  high,  in  long  racemes,  refle.xed,  on  pedicels  about  1  mm.  long. 
Flowers  pale  barely  4  mm.  long,  many.  Banner  oval,  abruptly  bent  at 
end  of  tube  to  erect,  3-4  mm.  long,  with  sides  reflexed  most  above. 
Wing?  oblanceolate,  rounded,  flaring,  concave  to  keel  and  arched  to 
45  degrees,  longer  than  keel,  but  much  shorter  than  banner.  Keel 
a  ched  from  base  to  a  half  circle  and  obtuse,  barely  2  mm.  long.  All 
petals  with  exserted  claws.  Calyx  hemispherical,  about  1  mm.  long, 
with  deltoid  teeth  less  than  a  third  as  long  as  tube.  Peduncles  1  ft.  or 
so  long,  narrower  than  the  stems,  rather  appressed  as  well  as  the 
leaves,  with  flowers  racemosely  spicate  on  the  upper  half  and  ap- 
iires^ed  till  nearly  mature  then  flowers  spreading  to  reflexed.  Leaves 
rarely  7  cm.  long,  with  2-4  pairs  of  narrowly  linear  leaflets  nearly  2.5 
cm.  long.  Stems  weakly  erect,  almost  filiform,  1-2  ft.  long,  with  ra- 
ther long  internodes.  Park  Co.  Montana  to  Kansas,  Minnesota  and 
Missouri  on  prairies  and  plains,  in  May  and  June. 

Astragalus  parviflorus  var.  microlobus  (Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6 
203  1864  as  species).  This  is  a  more  robust  and  more  branched  form 
with  pods  often  8  mm.  long,  3-5  mm.  wide  and  2  mm.  high,  and  a  little 
longer  and  narrower  and  somewhat  arched  and  less  obcompressed, 
the  calyx  tube  is  about  2  mm.  long,  the  flowers  7-8  mm.  long  and  the 
l)anner  purple-striped.  Leaflets  4-8  pairs,  oblong  to  broadly  linear  or 
oblanceolate,  rarely  over  1  cm.  long,  mostly  notched.  .Stems  rather 
spreading  or  subdecumbent  and  widely  branched.  This  is  the  com- 
mon form  central  Montana  to  southwestern  Kansas  and  Colorado,  in 
the  foothills  on  the  Atlantic  slope  in  Colorado. 

253  Astragalus  flexuoius  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  141 
(1830).  Pods  1-2.5  cm.  long,  short-stiiptate,  rather  rugulose,  about 
smooth,  in  the  type  nearly  round  in  cross-section  or  a  little  higher 
than  wide,  rather  wider  above,  the  ventral  suture  straight  and  not 
sulcata,  the  dorsal  suture  little  or  not  at  all  sulcate,  the  triangular  tip 
rarely  1  mm.  long  and  is  also  straight  and  in  line  with  the  ventral  su- 
ture. Flowers  often  purplish,  in  loose  and  rather  short  racemes. 
Hanncr  oblong,  abruptly  arched  beyond  calyx  teeth  to  45-90  degrees, 
rot  over  7  mm.  long.  Wings  nearly  as  long  as  banner,  arched,  nar- 
rowly oblong,  obtuse.  Keel  about  2  mm.  shorter  than  wings,  3  mm. 
long,  1  mm.  wide,  with  straight  base  and  then  abruptly  arched  to  erect 
.•'.t  the  obtuse  tip  which  is  purple  and  2  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  about  3 
1  im.  long,  triangular-campanulate,  very  oblique  at  tip,  equally  inserted, 
;-hy  or  nigrescent,  teeth  deltoid  or  triangular,  rarely  one  fourth  as 
'  mg  as  tube.  Pedicels  1-2  mm.  long,  rather  longer  than  the  ovate 
I'facts.  Peduncles  1-3  dm.  long,  (the  rachis  often  as  much  more  in 
fruit),  longer  than  the  leaves,  slender,  somewhat  spreading,  in  all  but 


194 

the  lo'vx  est  axils,  tapering.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  about  twice  as  long 
as  the  internodes,  nearlj^  sessile.  Leaflets  rather  truncate  to  notched, 
iiiostly  linear-cuneate,  sometimes  cuncate-oblong,  the  upper  pairs  on 
ihe  rachis  a  little  shorter,  8-10  pairs,  about  1  cm.  long,  rarely  2  cm. 
.ong,  long-petiolulaie,  stibalternate,  thickish,  the  upper  sides  less  pu- 
beruient.  Stems  1-2  ft.  high,  flexuous,  bushy-branched,  inclined  to  be 
decumbent,  very  open,  from  slender  and  often  underground  root  bran- 
ches. Stipules  rigid,  triangular,  reflexed,  the  upper  about  5  mm.  long. 
■The  type  is  the  common  form  from  Colorado  and  central  New  Mexico 
.in  the  Sierra  Blanca  and  northward  to  the  Saskatchewan  and  Nebras- 
ka on  dry  foothills  and  prairies.  It  also  occurs  or  the  Pacific  slope  at 
Durango  Colorado  (Diehl).  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  This  varies 
toward  A.  gracilentus  at  the  south  but  flowers  smaller  and  pods  rarely 
inflated. 

Astragalus  flexuosus  var.  elongatus  (Hook.  Fl.  Bor  Am.  1  140 
1830  as  Phaca;.  Pods  sulcate  at  both  sutures,  conspicuously  tapering 
and  much  obcompressed  at  base,  arcuate,  barely  3  mm.  wide.  Flowers 
smaller  and  white  Leaflets  cuneate-oblong.  This  is  the  common 
form  fro.n  Montana  northward,  though  sporadic  plants  occur  through 
the  entire  region. 

Astragalus  fls.iuosus  var.  Fendleri  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  (1902). 
Phaca  Fendlen  viray  PI.  Fend.  36  (1849;.  Pods  straight,  rather  larger 
above,  with  both  sutures  convex  and  about  equallj'  so,  tapering  at  base, 
smooth,  on  a  stipe  half  as  long  as  the  calyx,  rather  rounded  at  tip  and 
apiculate,  with  chartaceous  walls,  few,  mostly  in  short  racemes,  about 
round  in  cross-section,  a  little  sulcate.  pendent.  Flowers  purple.  Ca- 
lyx lobes  minute.  Leaflets  elliptical  to  narrowly  oblong.  Glenwood 
.Springe  to  Salida  and  southward  to  Durango  Colorado  among  juni- 
pers.    Upper  edge  of  the   ^Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

154  Astragalus  Diehlii  N.  Sp.  Pods  1-1.5  cm.  long,  sessile,  pen- 
dent, oblong,  ashy,  about  3  mm.  wide  and  high,  about  straight  or  the 
dorsal  suture  a  little  concave,  obtuse  at  both  ends  or  only  triangular- 
apiculate  at  tip,  rarely  a  trifle  narrower  below,  cross-section  obovate 
to  a  little  cordate,  ventral  suture  conspicuously  convex  (the  pods  ap- 
pearing wrong  side  up),  the  tip  in  line  with  the  dorsal  suture  or  nearly 
so,  surface  ashy.  Flowers  about  7  mm.  long,  light-colored.  Pedun- 
cles shorter  than  the  leaves  and  mostly  half  as  long  as  the  floral  rachis 
but  rarely  forms  occur  with  longer  peduncles.  Leaves  about  5-7  cm. 
long.  Leaflets  5-9  pairs,  cuneate-linear,  1-1.5  cm.  long.  Stems  very 
tortuous,  from  slender  underground  branches  of  the  thick  and  woody 
crown  of  the  strong  and  erect  root.  Adobe  plains  at  l'"arnham  Utah 
as  to  the  type.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  This  may  be  only  an  ex- 
treme form  of  A.  flexuosus. 

155  Astragalus  gracilentus  Gray  PI.  Fend.  36  (1849)  as  Phacp. 
and  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  22i  (1864).  Pods  sessile,  half-elHptical,  1.5-1.8 
cm.  long,  4  mm.  high,  3  mm.  wide  just  below  the  middle,  finely  reticu- 
lated, little  rugulose,  shortly  acuminate  and  apiculate,  not  sulcate.'  mi- 
nutely hairy,  with  cross-section  triangular-ovate,  the  ventral  suture 
straight  or  nearly  so  and  tip  in  line  with  it,  splitting  the  calyx  and 
rounded  at  base,  on  pedicels  about  2  mm.  long,  and  with  minute  bracts 
on  the  rach.is.  P'lowers  about  1  cm.  long,  shortly  racemose,  ascending 
when  young.  Banner  oval,  about  5  mm.  long,  abruptly  arched  to  erect 
at  end  at  calyx  teeth  and  2-2>  mm.  longer  than  k«el.  Wings  narrow 
and  a  little  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  straight  base,  then  abruptly 
erect  and  3  mm.  high,  about  4  mm.  long,  the  tip  triangular  and  apicu- 
late. Flowers  rather  stubby.  Calyx  tube  3  mm.  long,  the  triangular 
and  very  unequal  teeth  about  half  as  long  as  tube,  cleft  much  deeper 
above,  slightly  oblique  at  base,  half  as  wide  as  long,  ashy  with  slightly 
spreading  hairs.  Peduncles  about  as  long  as  leaves  and  equaling  the 
fruiting  rachis.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long.  Leaflets  6-8  pairs,  notched  and 
rounded,  cuneate-oblong.  about  .5-1  cm.  long.  Stems  slender  from  a 
woody  base.  Mountains  of  New  Mexico  about  Santa  Fee.  Middle 
and  Lower  Temperate  life  zones,  blooming  April  to  May,   fruiting   in 


196 

June. 

Astragalus  gracilentus  var.  Hallii  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  8  13  (1898). 
This  differs  from  the  type  in  having  the  pods  wider  above  and  more 
inflated,  smoother,  rather  clavatc-oblanceolate,  5-7  nam.  wide,  about  2 
cm.  long,  wiih  ventral  suture  straight  or  concave  near  the  narrowed 
base,  and  variably  convex  at  tip,  little  laterally  flattened  or  rarely 
lound  in  cross-section,  distinctly  stipitate,  coriaceous  to  chartaceous. 
Flowers  and  pods  inclined  to  be  short-spicate  to  almost  capitate,  the 
flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long,  stubby,  v^'ith  caly.x  tube  about  5  mm.  long 
and  4  mm.  high,  and  witli  minute  deltoid  teeth.  l\vin  Lakes  and  the 
Sangre  de  Christo  mountains  Colorado  and  San  Francisco  mountains 
Arizona.     .Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

Astragalus  gracilentus  var  Greenei  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  8  14  (1898). 
Pods  strictl}'  sessile,  with  minute  and  spreading  hairs,  splitting  the 
calyx,  1.5-2  cm.  long  and  nearly  1  cm.  wide  and  high,  broadly  sulcate 
A  entrally,  oval  to  oblong-ovate,  conspicuou^ly  inflated,  faintly  cross- 
1  ibbed,  with  a  triangular,  flat  and  stout  beak.  Flowers  shortly-race- 
mose, 1-1.-5  cm.  long,  as  in  the  type  but  the  calyx  teeth  subulate  and 
lialf  as  long  as  tube.  Leaflets  broadly  oblong,  rounded,  about  5  mm. 
long.  Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves.  Whole  plant  ashy,  and  the 
f  lems  and  i^^eduicles  almost  white.  Mogollons  New  Mexico,  bloom- 
ing in  April.  The  type  of  this  form  is  in  the  Gray  Herbarium  and 
(  uplicate  material  is  in  my  herbarium  and  a  few  others  but  variously 
jiiixed  since  Greene  did  not  know  one  form  from  the  other  confusing 
f.illax  forms  with  it.  All  of  the  mature  plants  and  most  of  the  pods 
lie  distributed  are  fallax. 

ivstragalus  gracilentus  var.  exsertus  N.  Var,  This  is  a  very  remark- 
able form  with  few  flowers  about  2  cm.  long,  brilliant-purple,  strongly 
striped  and  with  exserted  claws.  The  oblong  banner  is  nearly  1.5  cm. 
long  with  sides  much  reflexed  below,  slightly  and  abruptly  arched  be- 
yond the  calyx  tips  to  30  degrees,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  wings. 
Wings  2  mm.  wide,  a  little  arched  and  obtuse,  purple-striped,  3-4  mm. 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  straight,  forming  nearly  a  half  circle,  4  mm. 
long,  and  3  mm.  high,  the  tip  erect  and  triangular,  light-colored.  Ca- 
lyx tube  about  5  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  about  as  long  as  the  subu- 
late teeth.  Bracts  much  longer  than  the  short  and  stout  pedicels,  4 
mm.  long.  Pods  about  2  cm.  long,  1  cm.  wide  and  high,  sulcate  ven- 
trally,  strongly  cross-ribbed  and  almost  cartilaginous,  oblong,  sessile, 
splitting  the  calyx,  the  stout  and  flat  beak  upcurved  and  about  4  mm. 
long.  Ventral  suture  straight,  dorsal  suture  much  arched,  cross-sec- 
tion rather  obcordate.  Leaflets  6-12  pairs,  cuneate-oblong,  notched, 
fully  1  cm.  long.  WMiole  plant  minutely  woolly.  Stipules  green, 
nearly  linear,  almost  1  cm.  long.  Trinidad  Colorado,  No.  7  Geo.  E 
Osterhout,  1898. 

Astragalus  gracilentus  var.  fallax  (Watson)  Jones  Cont.  8  14 
(1898).  Pod-  obliquely  oblong-oval,  to  ovate,  about  as  in  the  preced- 
ing variety  but  ventral  suture  rather  convex  above  and  not  sulcate, 
pods  short  hairy,  abruptly  stipitate  the  stipe  being  nearly  as  long  as 
calyx.  Flowers  much  as  in  the  type  but  about  1.5  cm.  long,  and  stub- 
by. P>anner  oval,  about  equaling  the  wings  and  not  much  longer  than 
keel.  Calyx  teeth  rudimentary,  deltoid,  the  tube  inserted  at  right  an- 
gles to  the  pedicel,  very  oblique  on  the  lower  side  and  convex  above, 
about  5-7  mm.  long.  Peduncles  stout,  much  longer  than  the  leaves. 
Leaflets  3-15  mm.  long,  cuneate-oblong  to  nearly  linear.  Stipules 
and  bracts  very  broad  and  very  short.  In  the  pine  forests  of  the  San 
Francisco  plateau  of  northern  Arizona,  on  gravelly  mesas.  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone.     It  blooms  in  summer. 

Astragalus  coriaceus  Ilemsley  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  1  263  (1880).  Pods 
arcuate,  cylindrical,  about  2  cm.  long  and  7  mm.  wide,  with  acuminate 
beak,  sessile,  smooth.  Flowers  racemose  on  short  pedicels,  few,  about 
I.S  cm.  long.     Calyx  tube  short-cylindric,   teeth    subulate    and    about 


196 

a  quarter  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  small  and  subulate.  Peduncles  at 
iC^st  as  long  as  the  leaves.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  long.  Leaflets  6-8  pairs. 
lii;ear-obiong  and  obtuse,  iong-petiolulate,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  ashy  when 
young.  Stipules  lineir-lan.."eolate,  about  4  mm.  long.  Stems  short 
and  fiexuous.  Zacatecas  Me.xico.  From  the  description  there  is  little 
to  separate  this  from  A.  Antoninus  or  gracilentus  forms. 

157  Actrsfalus  Antoninus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  343  (1882). 
This  differs  in  no  particular  from  A.  coriaceus  except  the  stipitate 
pods  being  slightly  sulcale  dorsally.  The  flowers  are  about  2  cm.  long, 
i.anncr  elliptical,  about  7  mm.  long,  arched  abruptly  to  45  degrees  at 
end  of  caiyx  teeth,  about  4  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  a  little  longer 
dian  wings.  Wings  and  keel  as  in  A.  gracilentus.  Calyx  lul  e 
short-cylindric.  about  5  mm.  long,  inserted  on  the  lower  corner,  an. 1 
the  minute  teeih  triangul.ir  and  hardly  a  quarter  as  long  «^  calyx  tubo. 
The  '•ather  nubescent  pods  "^eem  to  be  ascending  or  spreading.  Saltil.o 
Me>ico,  probably  Socorro  Co.  New  Mexico,  Metcalf. 

168  Astragalus  pinonis  Jones  Cont.  8  14  (1898).  Pods  straighto- 
slightly  arcuaie  below,  short-stipitate,  oblanceolate,  shortly  acute  :  l 
both  ends,  2  cm.  long,  4-5  mm.  wide  and  high,  corrugated,  coriaceou  . 
somewhat  inflated,  with  both  sutures  narrowed  and  rounded  exte  - 
nally,  the  ventral  suture  a  little  raised,  neither  suture  at  all  intruded, 
pods  reilexed,  with  ventral  side  nearly  straight,  the  dorsal  side  conve.\. 
Flowers  apparently  purple.  Banner  oval  and  about  as  long  as  kee^ 
Keel  purple-tipped,  about  5  mm.  long,  erect  tip,  straight,  acute,  pro 
duced  and  nearly  3  mm.  high,  2  mm.  wide  at  base,  as  long  as  the  ob- 
long wings.  Cah^x  campanulate-cylindric,  narrowed  below,  the  tub  • 
a  little  over  2  mm.  long,  the  subulate  teeth  1  mm.  long.  Bracts  trian 
gular,  1  mm.  long.  Pedicels  slender,  reflexed,  4  mm.  long.  Pedun- 
cles 2.5-5  cm.  long,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  racemosely  few-flowered. 
T^'ith  rachis  from  half  to  as  long  as  peduncles.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long, 
short-petioled.  Leaflets  linear,  rounded  at  both  ends,  barely  pe:i- 
olulate,  4-10  pairs,  1-1.2  cm.  long,  2  mm.  wide,  not  contiguous.  Inter 
nodes  1.5-2  cm.  long.  Stipules  triangular,  small,  not  over  2  mm.  long, 
distinct,  not  membranaceous.  Stems  rather  slender,  ashy-puberule;  t 
throughout,  nearly  erect,  branched  below,  rounded,  about  2  dm.  long, 
wiry,  green  (as  is  the  whole  plant),  but  pubescence  ashy  and  tangled. 
It  has  the  habit  of  A.  atratus  and  growing  in  similar  places  on  gravel- 
ly benches  at  Frisco  Utah.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  It  is  pos- 
sible that  when  better  known  this  may  belong  to  the  Lonchocarpi. 

159  Astragalus  Neomexicanus  W'ootton  &  Standley  Cont.  \at. 
Herb.  16  136  (1913).  Pods  thick-walled,  round  in  cross-section,  dense- 
ly pubescent  when  young  'only  very  immature  pods  known).  Flowers 
purple,  about  2  cm.  long,  several  to  many,  in  racemes  which  with  the 
peduncles  arc  15-25  cm.  long.  Banner  and  wings  longer  than  the 
rounded  keel.  Bracts  linear,  4-6  mm.  long.  Pedicels  2-3  mm.  long. 
Calyx  campanulate,  gibbous  above,  7-9  mm.,  long,  sparsely  pubescent 
with  short  black  and  white  hairs,  with  subulate  teeth  about  a  third  as 
long  as  tube.  Leaves  10-18  cm.  long.  Leaflets  about  20  pairs,  villous 
with  weak  and  spreading  hairs,  elliptical  to  ovate-lanceolate,  acute, 
10-12  mm.  long,  smooth  above.  Stipules  triangular-lanceolate,  about 
1  cm.  long,  connate.  .Stems  a  foot  long,  ascending,  branched  from 
base,  perennial.  No.  690254  Nat.  Herb.,  from  James's  Canon  Sacra- 
mento Mts.  New  Mexico.  7000  ft.  alt.,  July  20  1899,  Wooton.  This 
seems  to  be  A.  gracilentus.  but  the  poor  material  makes  it  doubtful. 

160  Astragalus  Sileranus  Jones  Cont.  2  242  (1891).  Pods  in  the 
type  almo>t  leathery,  but  varying  to  almost  papery  in  some  forms, 
oblong-oval  to  globose,  normally  (in  the  type)  rounded  at  both  ends, 
straight,  horizontal,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  about  1  cm.  wide  and  nearly  as 
high,  a  little  obcompressed,  and  slightly  oblique,  with  flat  and  up- 
turned beak  very  short,  and  with  dorsal  suture  a  trifle  intruded,  and 
pods  about  round  cross-section,  except  for  the  shallow  groove  along 
the  ventral  suture,  mottled  and  very  fineh'  cross-nerved,  evidently  in- 
flated, single  to  few.     Flowers  cream-colored,  yellowish  when    dry, 


I'.iT 

sometimes  the  bases  of  wings  and  keel  are  purple,  about  8  mm.  long, 
10-15  in  number,  sessile,  stubby.  Banner  about  2  mm.  long,  abruptly 
arched  at  calyx  tips  to  nearly  erect,  oval,  the  s.des  reflexed  45  de- 
grees at  a  point  a  little  above  the  base,  and  fully  2  mm.  wide  there,  but 
not  at  all  at  tip  Oi  \  ery  base;  groove  very  wide  and  pear-shaped  with 
the  vv'ide  end  up,  2  mm.  wide  and  1  mm.  deep  and  with  an  additional 
groove  in  the  middle;  blade  rather  hooded,  waterlined  from  the  back 
much  as  in  A.  Beckwithii  the  groove  filling  the  whole  of  the  banner 
tip  and  narrowing  below,  U-shaped  above  and  V-shaped  below.  The 
v.'ings  are  oblanceolate,  obtuse,  arched  so  that  the  base  follows  the 
curve  of  the  keel,  fully  1  mm.  wide,  close-pressed  to  keel,  but  toward 
the  tip  the  upper  edges  spread  a  little,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel. 
Keel  about  4  mm.  long,  the  base  bent  in  a  rather  long  arc  and  then  ab- 
ruptly rounded  to  a  little  more  than  erect,  and  with  a  deltoid  and  ob- 
tuse ti;)  whicli  is  a  trifle  darker  but  not  distinctly  purple,  about  2  mm. 
■-.iiorter  than  banner.  Caly.K  campanulate,  abruptly  acute  at  base  but. 
appearing  truncate,  tube  about  2  mm.  long,  not  oblique,  inclined  to  be 
hyaline,  with  spreading  and  unequal  tips  about  as  long  as  tube.  Ped- 
icels very  stout,  about  1  mm.  long.  Bracts  firm,  ovate,  in  flower  2-3 
times  as  long  as  pedicels.  Peduncles  slend  er,  about  1  dm.  long,  and 
rather  longer  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  hardV  1  dm.  long,  nearly  se-'- 
sile,  wide.  Leaflets  7-9  pairs,  1-2  cm.  long,  oval  to  oblong,  obtuse  to 
notched,  shortly  truncate  at  the  long-petiolulate  base,  thickish,  contig- 
uous. Stipules  rigid,  green,  large,  triangular,  reflexed,  adiiate,  con- 
nate onlj'  at  base  of  stems,  about  5  mm.  long.  .Stems  flexuous,  with  ' 
internodes  5-7  cm.  long,  several  from  a  stout  and  woody  root,  strag- 
gling over  bushes  or  lying  flat  on  the  ground.  Whole  plant  softly  pu- 
bescent with  spreading  hairs,  growing  on  gravelly  mesas  among  bush- 
es or  under  pines.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  from  the  head  of  the 
Sevier  and  the  Colob  to  Springdale  and  the  Kaibab  on  the  Colorado, 
Utah  and  Arizona,  blooming  in  summer.  This  was  named  for  that  in- 
defatigable collector  A.  L.  Siler  who  worked  in  this  region. 

Astragalus  Sileranus  var.  cariacus  Jones  Cont.  7  642  (1895).  Pods 
2-4  cm.  long,  variously  acuminate-tipped  and  often  tapering  at  base, 
the  tip  being  upturned  and  the  base  down,  and  so  the  pods  are  oblique,, 
much  inflated  in  the  middle,  narrowly  elliptical,  to  oval.  Leaflets  el- 
liptical-oblong, 1-2  cm.  long.  Elk  head  ranch  on  the  upper  Virgin 
river  Utah. 


19  8 


18  xVKGOPHYLLI. 


Polls)  l-Ci'll'il,  with  tlors.il  siUiire  not  raiseil  within  except  u 
little  la  A.  cibiruis  innl  fonns  of  Missoiirieiirfis  ami  desperatu-, 
rouiiti  to  obcompiuarfed  a  nl  r.irely  triquetrous  in  cross-sectioii, 
mostly  ovate  to  lanceolate  in  hMigitudiiml-sectioii,  with  utxHirve.l 
tip  and  vcniiMl  suture  strai<^ht  or  concave,  the  dorsal  suture  very 
convex,  the  body  being  obnque  to  arcuate,  raraly  b  )L:i  sutures 
are  nearly  equally  convex  aiid  so  the  po  i  is  nearly  symmetrical, 
pod  sessile  or  only  shortly  stipitate,  mostly  round  d  below  and 
splitting  the  calyx,  but  conspicuously  tapering  in  A.  iodanthus 
Mud  ain[»hioxys,  often  cordate  at  base,  1-5  cm.  long  (5-8  nun.  i.i 
A.  lectulus),  normally  ^.'-2.5  cm.  long,  a  little  inflated  only  in 
some  shaggy-puddfd  forms,  and  a  little  so  in  A.  Zionis,  desperatiis 
and  tephrodes,  fleshy  when  fresh  but  the  walls  rarely  4  mm,  wide, 
generiilly  cartilaginous  when  dry,  wrinkled,  and  inclined  to  have 
the  sutures  (which  are  denser)  raised  externally  a  ul  r.ither  sharp 
on  the  edge  when  tlry  but  not  raised  wi'en  fresh,  very  weakly  at- 
tached to  the  calyx  and  separating  from  it  readily,  rarely  sulcate, 
ascending  (reflexed  in  A.  desperatus),  not  opening  much  at  ma- 
turity and  then  at  tip  and  along  the  ventral  suture,  triangular, 
acute  at  tip,  shortly  racemose.  Flowers  1  cm.  long  (rarely  5  mm. 
long  in  A.  desperatus)  or  more,  mostly  large  and  pink- purple, 
rarely  wliite  or  red.  Calyx  tube  cylindrical,  but  somewhat  later- 
ally flattened,  with  teeth  never  over  half  the  tube  (rarely  longer 
in  A.  de-peratus)  and  mostly  much  shorter.  Pedicels  short,  gen- 
erally much  shorter  than  the  rather  large  bracts.  i^edunclcH 
mostly  not  longer  than  the  leaves.  Upper  leaves  the  largest,  pet- 
ioled  (except  in  forms  of  A.  inflexus).  Lejtflets  never  linear  nor 
conspicuously  fleshy,  flat,  always  jointed  to  the  rachis.  Stiji- 
ules  large  (rather  small  in  the  Missouriensis  group),  never  con- 
nate, adnate,  ovate  to  triangular-subulate  or  wider.  Stems  cfespi- 
tose,  perennial  (A.  amphioxys  and  desperatus  bloom  the  first 
year),  sliort.  prostrate  below,  often  nearly  acaulescent.  from  a 
thick  and  often  woody  root,  with  the  lower  internodes  very  short 
and  stipules  often  imbricated.  Plants  rarely  4  dm.  long,  mostly 
silvery-pubescent  (nearly  smooth  in  A.  cibarius  and  iodanthus), 
of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  rarely  touching  the  edges  of 
the  adjoining  zones,  blooming  in  cpring  and  fruiting  in  May  and 
June. 

KEY 

A.     Pods  never  evidently  woolly  nor  shaggy  (except  in  A.  desperatus, 
Zionia,  and  Misaouriensis).     Pubescence  when  present   loosely 
appressed. 
AB.     Pods  not  spongy  nor  conspicuously  cellular  when  dry  (except 
in  A.     Shortianus)  nor  with  the   coats   separating. 


1!I0 

Pubescence  attached  by  the  end. 
ABC.     Pods  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate,  not  reflexed  ar- 
cuate or  very  oblique,  generally  variably  sulcate  dor- 
sally  and  obcompressed,  not  leso  than  2.5  cm.  long, 
smooth  to  very  shortly  pubescent  when  ripe,  v/ith 
walls  2-4  mm.  thick  when  fresh,  sometimes  .5  mm  thick 
in  A.  iodanthus.     Flowers  narrow.     Calyx  appressed- 
hairy,  narrow,  cylindrical  but  rather  laterally  flattened, 
truncate  to  shortly  triangular  at  the  oblique  base,  the 
teeth  less  than  half  as  long  as  the   tube.     Stem.s  2-3  dm. 
long,  herbaceous,  decumbent  from  a  thick  and  woody 
root.     Internodes  longer  than  the  stipules,     plants  in- 
clined to  be  green  when  well  developed,  and  ashy  when 
young,  and  then  with  closely  appressed  short  hairs.     This 
group  is  somewhat  related  to  the  Sarcocarpi. 
A3CD.     Pods  very  fleshy,  with  walls  about  4>mm.  thick, 
shortly  acuminate,  cartilaginous  when  dry,  but  not 
greatly  wrinkled,  arcuate,  narrow,  2-4  cm.  long,  with 
dorsal  suture  seemingly  a  little  intruded  at  times. 
Flowers  1.25-1.5  cm.  long,  in  heads. 
Pods  with  ventral  suture  much  thickened  when  dry. 

Flowers  white.  Calyx  tube  about  7  mm.  long. 161  Webberi. 
Pods  with  ventral  euture  raised  as  a  thin  edge  when  dry. 
Flov/ers  normally  purple.     Calyx  tube  4-5  mm.  long. 

162  cibc.rui^. 
ABC2D.     Pods  not  corrugated  though  finely  cross-ribbed, 
only  slightly  fleshy,  with  pulp  hardly  1  mm.  thick,  co- 
riaceous, smooth,  mostly  mottled.     Flowers  about  1 
cm.  long.     Stems  slender.  163  iodanthus. 

AB2C.     Pods  from  a  little  to  evidently  fleshy,   chartaceous 
or  thin  coriaceous  when  dry,  reticulated  and  cross- 
ribbed,  somewhat  inflated,  ovate  to  linear-oblong,  1-2.5 
cm.  long,  very  oblique,  with  sharp,  triangular,  flat  beak. 
Pubescence  of  the  leaves  silvery  and  appressed,  with 
hairs  attached  by  the  base. 
Pods  shaggy  with  long  and  spreading  hairs.  164  desperatus. 

Pods  onl      ashy.  165  tephrodes, 

AB3C.     Plants  nearly  acaulescent  or  with  stems  only  a  few 
inches  long,  prostrate.     Flowers  mostly  large,  never 
small.     Pods  with  conspicuously  pulpy  walls  1.5  mm.  thick 
when  fresh,  thick-coriaceous  to  cartilaginous  when  dry, 
variously  wrinkled  and  obcompressed,  broadly  ovate  to 
narrowly  oblong,  sharply  acute  to  acuminate,   with  mostly 
flat  beak  when  dry.  Argophylli  proper. 

AB3CD,     Peduncles  normally  not  over  7  cm.  long,  or  less 
than  half  as  long  as  the  leaves,  and  so  the   flowers  are 
clustered  among  the  leaves,  occasicnally  fruiting 
peduncles  are  1.5  dm.  long.     Stipules  imbricated. 
Flowers  spicate,  few.     Pubescence  silvery  and 
closely  appressed.     (A.  Parryi  might  be  sought  hercK 
AB3CDE      Pods  not  inflated,  large,  almost  smooth. 

165  Shoi'tianus. 
AB3CD2E.     Pods  variously  inflated,  ovate,  rarely  broader 
or  lanceolate,  mostly  shaggy.     Flowers  capitate. 

167  argophyllus 
AB3C2D.  Pods  decidedly  fleshy  when  fresh  and  mostly 
cartilaginous  when  dry,  ascending,  Flowtrs  spicate. 
Peduncles  over  1  cm.  long,  erect  or  nearly  so,  longer 
than  the  leaves  except  when  rarely  leaves  are  greatly 
produced.     Stems  short  but  with  imbricated  stipules 


200 

only  when  young.     Plants  blooming  early  in  April  and 
May. 
Pods  lon^-hairy.  168  Zionis. 

Pods  appearing  nearly  smooth.  169    rcmulcus, 

A23.     Feds  sci.ile,  not  evidently  inflated,  fleshy  aud  pulpy, 
opening  along  the  ventral  suture.     Pubescence  attached  by 
tne  iiiiddle  or  n^ar  it  and  hairs  pick-shaped.     Plants  acau- 
lescent,  or  nearly  so  in  small  ^dts,  Siioic-lived  perennials 
or  winter  annuals,  some  blooming  the  first  year. 
A2BC.     Pods  rounded  at  base,  with  loose  outer  coat  separa- 
ting from  t  ;e  inner  wsll  either  by  a  cellular  interspace, 
or  by  splitting  and  peeling  off.     Neither  suture  intruded, 
both  raised  a  liuls  externally  and  thin.     Pods  not  re- 
flexed. 
A23CD.     Pods  1.5-5  cm.  long,  very  oblique  but  not  much 
arcned  and  with  tip  variably  but  not  greatly  upturned, 
smooth  cr  nearly  so  when  ripe,  triangular-apiculate 
to  conical  beaked,  with  pulp  coarsely  cellular  which 
on  drying  leaves  the  two  coats  separated  by  a  spongy 
interspace,  but  the  outer  papery  coat  does  not  peel 
up,  this  makes  the  dry  pods  very  light  and  easily  blown 
about  in  the  wind;  inner  coat  thicker  or  toucher,  char- 
taceous.     Flowers  about  2.5  cm.  long,  mostly  white  or 
brillian.-p...i:-purple,  capitate,  few,  blooming  very 
early.     Fed    ncles  decumbent  at  least  in  fruit.     Plants 
with  thick,  fleshy,  tapering,  long,  erect  tap  root. 
Poas  wic  i  outer  skin  conspicuously  reticulated,  except 

var.  laccoliticus.  Flowers  vv^hite  or  whitish.  170  pygmaeus. 
Pods  with  outer  skin  not  reticulated.     Flowers  dark- 
pink  purple.  171  Musiniensis. 
A2BC2D.     Pods  about  1.5-2  cm.  long,  very  fleshy,  straight, 
narrowly  oblong,  with  cross-section  nearly  round 
when  fresh,  4-an5led  and  not  spongy  and  with  raised 
sutures  when  dry,  but  outer  coat  drying  close  to  the 
inner  wall  and  when  old  splitting  along  the  ventral 
suture  and  spreading  out  flat  from  tip  to  tip  like  a 
wing  but  not  separating  along  the  dorsal  suture,  thus 
giving  tne  pod  an  elliptical  outline.     In  A.  Missouri- 
cnsis  this  is  not  so  marked  and  often  the  outer  wall 
simply  separates  with  age  and  flares  a  little.     Flow- 
ers not  large.     Claws  of  petals  not  exserted.     V/hole 
plant  hoary  even  to  the  peduncles.            Missourienses. 
Pods  broadly  winged  when  dry.     Flowers  whitish. 

172  cymboides. 
Pods  not  broadly  winged  when  dry.     Flowers  purple. 

173  Missouriensis. 
A2B2C.     Pods  1.5-8  cm.  long,  narrowed  at  both  ends, 

very  acute,  arcuate,  fleshy  but  not  cellular  nor  spongy 
nor  walls  separating,  ventral  suture  conspicuously  _ 
raised  when  dry  and  the  dorsal  not  at  all  or  very  thin 
Flowers  large,  2-5  cm.  long,  brilliant-pink-purple 
when  fresh,  bluish  when  dry.     Stems  and  peduncles 
hoary.  174  amphioxys. 

2A.     Pods  densely  woolly  or  variably  shaggy,  seldom  sulcate 
ventrally  and  dorsally  except  at  base,  normally  round  to 
cbcompressed  in  cross-section,  sessile  or  with  stipe  not 
longer  than  wide,  conspicuously  inflated  only  in  A.  New- 
berryi  and  funereus  forms,  splitting  the  calyx,  coriaceous 
when  dry,  only  slightly  fleshy  or,  rarely,  flesh  is  thicker 
and  cellular,  arcuate  at  tip  or,  rarely,  triangular-apiculate. 
Flowers  purple,  rarely  white  or  red,  1.5-5  cm.  long,  capitate. 
Calyx  tube  cylindrical.     Peduncles  never  much  longer  than 


201 

the  leaves,  mostly  shorter.     Plants  perennial,  with  caevpitose 
Btems  prostiate  or  at  least  not  erect,  and  having  very  short 
internodes,  A.  inflexus  sometimes  has  longer  internoues  2nd 
ascending  stems.     Whole  plant  woolly,  shaggy  or  silvery, 
with  mostly  slender  hairs  always  attached  by  the  base. 
2AB.     Pods  shaggy,  with  hairs  about  straight  when  dry,  inflated, 
spreading  or  reflexed.     Pubescence  of  leaves  and  ped.n- 
cles  neither  woolly  nor  crisped,  appressed.     Acaules-cnt  or 
with  rudimentary  stems,  never  growing  in  large  and  pros- 
trate mats.     Cld  petioles  coarse,  stiff,  persistent.     Pedun- 
cles neither  longer  than  the  leaves  nor  absent.  Newbenyenses. 
Pod"^  abruptly  arcuate  at  tip,  rarely  twice  as  long  as  wide. 

Flowers  purple  or  purple-tipped.  175  Newberryi 

Pods  acuminate  lanceolate  and  equall3'  arcuate.     Flower- 

cream-colored,  or  lead-colored  when  dry.  176  Eurekensis 

2A2E.     Fees  densely  shaggy  or  wPite-woolly  (so  much  so  as  to 
mostly  conceal  the  surface,  not  inflated  (except  in  the  A. 
funereus  group),  cartilaginous,  not  noticeably  reflexed, 
opening  only  ct  tip.     Leaves  and  petioles  soft  and  slender, 
soon  decaj  irg  (  exctpt  in  A.  ccccineus).     Internodes  not 
longer  t^an  the  stipules  (except  in  forms  of  A.  inflexus). 
Pedicels  very  short  and  thick.     Plants  acaulescent  only  in 
reduced  forms,  mostly  prostrate  and  matted  with  slender 
but  shore  stems.     Pubescence  rath-*r  spreading,  of  soft  and 
very  fine,  kinked,  white,  tangled  hairs  like  wool  (scarcely 
so  in  the  A. funereus  group).     Flowers  narrow,  with  cylin- 
drical tube  and  short  teeth.     Leaflets  5  to  many  pairs, 
mostly  contiguous,  not  thick,  flat.  Coccinei. 

2A23C.     Pubescence  very  dense  and  white,  the  hairs  tangled 
and  v/avy  but  relatively  short  and  not  distinctly  woolly 
but  rather  spreading  and  appearing  as  if  woolly  or  short- 
shaggy,  under  the  microscope  the  hairs  are  mostly  parallel. 
Flowers  large,  very  narrow,  with  long  claws,  brilliant- 
pink-purple  or  red,  miostly  bracteate  at  base,  almost 
sessile  on  very  stout  pedicels.     Calyx  teeth  subulate  and 
about  3  mm.  long,  shaggy,  hooked,  broad,  the  short  pubes- 
cence shaggy  but  barely  concealing  the  surface.     Calyx 
a  little  inflated,  the  upper  side  somewhat  convex.     Leaves 
rarely  7  cm.  long,  narrow.     Peduncles  very  stout  and 
shorter  t.ian  the  leaves.     Plants  of  the  lower  edge  of  the 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  growing  on  rather  bare 
ridges  in  poor  soil  inclined  to  be   alkaline  but  very  well 
drained,  in  the  Death  valley  region. 
Pcds  about  3  cm.  Icng.     Flowers  red  even  when  dry. 

177  coccineus. 
Pods  about  5  err.  long.     Flowers  bluish  when  dry.  178  funereus. 
2A2B2C.     Pubescence  of  very  fine,  sle.ider,  kinked,  woolly 
hairs.     Claws  of  petals  not  exscrttd.     Neither  peduncles 
nor  petioles  persisting.     Pods  opening  at  tip  along  both 
sutures. 
2A2E2CD.     Stipules,  bracts  and  calyx  lobes  not  filiform, 
nor  lax  at  tip,  the  stipules  and  bracts  large  and  the  calyx 
lobes  short.     Wings  longer  than  k«el.     Leaflets  round  to 
oval-obovate  and  rounded.  179  Utahensis. 

2A2E2C2D.     Stipules,  bracts  and  calyx  lobes  mostly  taper- 
ing into  thread-like  and  lax  tips.     Pubescence  inclined 
to  be  silky-woolly  and  rather  long.     Leaflets  normally 
acutish  at  both  ends,  and  rather  diamond-shaped.     Stems 
slender  though  sometimes  very  sliort  to  almost  acaules- 


^0^- 

lescent.     Peduncles  nearly  clways  shorter  then  the  leaves. 
I  lints  with  conspicuous  stems.     Ilowers  red-purple. 

180  inflexus. 
Plants  almost  stemlesa.     Flowers  mostly  white.        ISl  Purshii. 

151  Astragalus  Wcbberi  Grny  Eot.  Cal.  1  154  (1876).  Pods  uith 
holh  sutures  raised  externally  and  the  ventral  much  thickened  when 
dry,  narrowly-oblong  but  a  little  narrowed  at  both  ends,  smooth,  5-7 
la.n.  high,  lU-12  mm.  wide,  generally  sulcate  to  the  middle  but  not  at 
liie  ends,  tips  broadly  triangular  and  a  little  laterally  flattened,  cross- 
section  reniform  to  oblately  obovate.  Flowers  white,  1.5  cm.  long, 
Sj)!  eading.  Banner  elongated  and  almost  erect,  narrow,  8-9  mm.  long. 
Wings  narrowly  oblong,  arched  to  45  degrees,  rounded,  about  4  mm. 
shorter  than  banner  and  as  much  longer  then  keel  or  less.  Keel  about 
4  m;n.  high,  straight  the  end  abruptly  erect  and  forming  nearly  a  rigb.t 
angle,  purple.  Calyx  tube  about  7  mm.  long,  attached  in  line  with  the 
ba-e,  the  upper  side  a  little  arched,  the  lo.ver  side  straight,  the  teeth 
.■=ubulate  and  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  tube.  Bracts  as  long  as  to  a 
haif  longer  than  the  short  pedicels,  lanceolate  to  ovate.  Peduncles 
longer  than  the  leaves.  Heads  rather  denselj'  9-20  flowered.  Pro;;er 
petioles  rarely  as  long  as  the  lowest  leaflet.  Leaflets  5-10  pairs,  nar- 
rowly oblong-oblanceolate,  with  cuneate  and  long-petiolula  te  ba.<^e, 
not  over  2  cm.  long,  not  retuse.  variabb'  silvery-pubescent.  This  oc- 
curs sparingly  on  hillsides  in  the  Sierras  near  Sierra  Valley  Ca:ii'ornia 
ill  the  -Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  It  is  probably  only  a  marked  form 
of  -\.  cibarius. 

152  Astragalus  cibarius  Sheldon  Minn,  Bot.  Stud.  9  149  (1894).  A. 
ioianthus  Waison  in  part,  as  to  Utah  material.  Pods  puberuient  to 
almost  smooth,  rather  abruptly  narrowed  and  substipitate  at  bas^e  the 
stipe  from  barely  longer  than  wide  to  2  mm.  long  and  not  jointed  to 
the  calyx,  pods  I'rom  nearly  straight  to  arched  almost  to  a  half  circle, 
2.5-4  cm.  lorg.  7-10  mm.  wide,  5-8  mm.  high,  oblong  to  broadly  h'ncar, 
fir.e^y  corrug  ited,  rot  mottled,  tip  from  a  little  to  much  flattened,  tri- 
angular, walL^  about  3  mm.  thick  when  fresh  the  inner  one  woody, 
cross  section  from  nearh'  round  to  almost  didymous  by  being  much 
obc.nivipressed.  tl'.e  normal  cross-section  is  nearly  co-shaped  but  the 
sutures  not  touching,  and  the  ventral  suture  raised  externally  and  not 
intruded  and  only  slightly  thickened,  dorsal  suture  raised  externally 
as  a  thin  line  when  dry  and  intruded  as  high  as  wide  in  forms  with 
deltoid  cross-.'^ection,  pods  often  much  sulcate  along  the  middle.  The 
flov.  ers  purple,  bluith  when  dry  with  lighter  claws,  albino  forms  rai  e, 
1.5  2  cni.  long,  almost  sessile,  with  conspicuous  lanceolate  bracts  near- 
ly half  -  s  'ong  as  calyx.  Banner  ovate,  about  1  cm.  long,  rather  deep- 
ly notched,  with  sid-es  much  reflexed  below  so  that  the  banner  seems 
oblong,  arched  beyond  the  calyx  tips  to  nearly  and  r.'ither  sharply  e- 
recl,  v.hite  spot  deep-purple- veined  and  conspicuous,  blade  deep- 
purple  below  and  ^hading  to  white  above  or  purple  throughout,  a  litt'e 
sulcate.  Wings  from  nearly  as  long  as  banner  to  4-6  mm.  shorter  but 
much  longer  and  narrower  than  keel,  nearly  linear,  very  rounded,  a 
trifle  narrow-ed  in  the  middle  and  a  little  enlarged  above,  mostly  about 
straight,  but  .'on-elinc.';  arched  to  30  degrees,  variably  purple  at  brse. 
white  above,  rarely  purple  throughout,  flaring  at  tip  and  the  ends 
turned  to  horizontal,  obscurely  erose  or  notched.  Keel  about  5  mm. 
long  and  4  mm.  high,  the  base  straight  and  then  abruptly  arched  to 
erect  and  with  tip  very  obtuse,  rounded,  and  deep-purple.  Calyx  ni- 
grescent, with  tube  about  4-5  mm.  long  and  nearly  half  as  high,  cleft 
deejier  above,  and  triangular  teeth  about  one  fourth  as  long.  Pedun- 
cle<=  normally  shorter  than  the  leaves,  rarely  longer,  stout,  with  the 
pods  shortly  rncemo<se.  Leaves  with  pe'^ioles  mostly  twice  as  long  as 
the  lov.er  leaflets.  Leaflets  about  9-12  pairs,  from  oval-ovate  or  ob- 
ovate to  cuneatc-oblong.  mostly  notched,  about  1  cm.  long,  rarely  2 
cm.  long  when    over   developed,    slendcr-petioled,    green    above,    not 


203 

thin,  r.bliy  helow  or  on  the  margins,  contiguous.  Stipules  large,  green 
;,bove,  ovate  or  broader,  obtU!-:e,  often  nearly  as  large  as  the  adjoin- 
ing leaflet,  veiny,  adnate  and  connate  on  the  petiole  side  but  free  or 
nearly  so  on  the  other,  in  young  plants  often  almost  imbricated,  near- 
ly smooth.  Stems  many,  1-2  ft.  long,  green.  Very  abundant  through- 
out Utah,  except  the  Navajo  basin,  in  valleys  and  on  dry  mesas  in  the 
.-agebrush,  never  in  alkaline  soil,  also  extending  to  the  headwaters  of 
G.een  river  and  the  Wind  river  Alts.  Wyo.,  throughout  Idalio  to  VVei- 
ser  and  eastward  and  northeastward  to  the  Continental  Divide,  north- 
v\aid  thioagh  Montana  on  both  slopes  but  only  on  the  headwaters  of 
the  Columbia  drainage  particularly  the  Missoula  and  J^eer  Lodge  val- 
.ey.  not  elsewh'ere  in  the  Colu.iibia  basin,  southward  to  the  Virgin  riv- 
er iJiah,  westward  to  eastern  Nevada  where  it  is  replaced  by  A.  iodan- 
ihus  of  which  it  there  appears  to  be  a  well-marked  varietj'.  Lower 
i'e  iiperaLe  life  zone,  extending  up  into  the  Middle  Temperate  life 
zone    l^looming  in  spring  and  fruiting  in  June. 

153  Astragalus  iodanthus  Watson  Bot.  King  79  (1871).  Pods 
Ijnear-lanceolate,  acuminate,  mottled,  3-4  cm.  long,  arcuate  almost  to 
a  ci.  cle,  coaipletely  obcompressed  e.ccept  at  very  base  and  the  flat 
and  e.i-.iorm  tip,  broadly  sulcate  dorsally  the  suture  slightly  raised 
with  .-.  but  a  mere  line  without,  the  ventral  suture  a  little  thickened 
bu<.  lat'e  raised,  pods  about  2  mm.  wuie,  2-3  mm.  high  in  the  middle, 
cross-sec. lon  almost  ftnear,  base  a  little  narrowed  or  tapering  but 
notched  and  on  a  minute  stipe  and  inclined  to  be  jointed  to  it.  i^'low- 
e.  s  noi  uKiily  white,  rarely  light-purple.  I'.anner  oblong,  about  1  cm. 
long,  abruptly  erect  at  calyx  tips  or  nearh'  so,  sides  reflexed  most 
just  below  the  middle  and  thus  malcing  banner  fiddle-shaped,  not  re- 
flexed  at  tip  which  is  about  5  mm,  wide  and  light-purple  to  white,  the 
white  spot  obovate  and  purp'e-ve':ned,  the  1  hide  tliin,  the  groove  U- 
shaped  and  1  mm.  thick  and  rapidly  slKiIiowing  to  a  mere  line  obove, 
the  banner  deeply  notched.  Wings  ol)lon.--,  arched  from  a  little  to  15 
degrees,  a  trifle  larger  above  and  obliciiiely  rounded,  bluish-purple 
above  when  colored,  almost  flat  to  keel  with  the  upper  side  a  little 
concave  to  it  and  the  lower  side  the  reverse,  with  flaring  tips  2  mm. 
apart,  about  as  long  as  banner,  3  mm.  longer  than  keel,  about  2  mm. 
wide,  not  horizontal.  Keel  with  straight  ba^e  and  abruptly  erect  tip, 
rounded,  obtuse,  purple.  Calyx  tube  about  5  mm.  long,  1  mm.  wide,  2 
mm.  high,  campanulate-cylindrical,  not  cieft  deeper  above,  teeth  tri- 
angular-subulate, fully  half  as  long  as  tube  which  is  thin  and  hyaline 
and  but  slightly  nigrescent  with  minute  hairs.  Pedicels  short.  Bracts 
much  longer  then  pedicels,  subulate-lanceolate.  Flowers  in  loose 
heads.  Peduncles  rather  stout,  and  rarely  as  long  as  the  leaves.  The 
leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  with  pe'ioles  of  lower  ones  much  longer  than  the 
leaflets,  those  of  the  upper  leaves  shorter  than  the  leaflets.  Leaflets 
about  10  pairs,  nearly  oval-obovate.  about  1  cm.  long,  green  on  both 
sides,  sometimes  ciliate,  obtuse  to  notched.  Stipules  triangular,  not 
conspicuous,  2-4  mm.  long,  only  the  lower  onc^  somewhat  enlarged, 
thin,  hyaline,  reflexed.  .Stems  many,  flexuous,  often  nearly  pro-trate, 
1-2  ft.  long,  from  rather  slender  woody  roots.  In  flower  some  forms 
cannot  be  distinguished  from  A.  lentiginosus.  Common  in  the  sage- 
brush along  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Sierra?  about  Reno  Nevada  and 
extening  eastward  to  Unionville  and  probably  to  Palisade  though  the 
latter  forms  have  stipules  more  like  the  preceding  species,  and  pods  a 
little  thicker  but  otherwise  similar.  It  is  probable  that  the  more  alka- 
li and  less  humidity  of  western  Nevada  accounts  for  the  differences  of 
these  two  species.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  The  v.ilves  of  the 
pods  often  curl  out  like  rams  horns,  hence  arose  my  name  "arietinus" 
\\'atsons  name  is  usually  inajipropriate. 

164  Astragalus  desperatus  Jones  Cont.  2  243(1891).  Pods  from 
broadlj'  ovate  to  linear-oblong,  shaggy  with  long  and  spreading  hairs 
but  not  so  as  to  conceal  the  surface,  so:".ietiines  smooth  when  old  and 
by  shedding  the  pubescence,  very  variable,  1-2. S  cm.  long.  3-4  mm. 
high,  4-7  mm.  wide,  from  triquetrous  in    cross-section    or    cordate    to 


•Mi 

obconipressed  and  sulcate  at  both  sutures  so  that  the  cross-section  is 
i.c:irly  linear,  mostly  bisulcate  to  very  base  along  the  ventral  suture 
toward  the  base  but  not  at  all  at  the  triquetrous  tip  which  is  ensiforni 
and  arcuate  or  strongly  incurved,  pods  from  nearly  straight  to  arched 
mlo  nearly  a  half  circle,  a  little  narrowed  below  in  the  narrow  forms 
and  notched  at  the  ends  at  the  very  weak  attachment,  almost  sessile, 
from  nearly  coriaceous  to  almost  papery  (the  walls  a  little  fleshy  and 
woody  when  fresh)  and  finely  cross-lined  or  varying  to  strongly 
ribbed,  green  or  mottled,  filled  with  pulp,  closely  reflexed,  with  vent- 
ral suture  raised  and  thick,  and  the  dorsal  suture  a  mere  line  exter- 
nally and  double  with  age  and  thickened  within  and  raised  as  a  mere 
line.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long,  straight,  mostly  narrow,  few  to 
many,  brilliant-pink-purple  at  tips  when  fresh.  Banner  ovate,  about 
7  mm.  long,  abruptly  arched  at  end  of  calyx  tube  to  45-80  degrees, 
'vuh  sides  reflexed  to  the  midrib  2  mm.  wide  below  and  so  appe;iring 
firldle-shaped,  white  or  cream-colored,  with  white  spot  ol)cordate 
and  purple-veined  and  coming  within  2  mm.  of  tip,  with  the  groo\  c 
about  V-shaped  to  semicircular  and  nearly  4  mm.  wide  at  tip.  Wings 
linear,  very  oblique,  arched  to  30-45  degrees,  about  2  mm.  wide,  acut- 
ish.  a  little  longer  than  keel,  purple  above.  Keel  about  2  mm.  shorter 
than  banner,  arched  from  base  to  the  erect  tip,  about  3  mm.  wide 
il-roughout,  the  tip  obtuse  but  not  rounded,  deltoid,  dark-purple.  Cn- 
;>.<  cylindrical,  about  7  mm.  long  or  Ic^s,  straight,  attached  on  ibe 
lower  corner  but  with  straight  sides,  about  3  mm.  high,  reddish,  with 
fine,  white,  crinkled,  short  hairs  closely  appressed:  tube  fleshy  at  the 
insertion,  not  cleft  deeper  above,  the  triangular  teeth  about  a  thirr!  to 
iu  ly  as  long  as  the  tube  and  capillary.  Bracts  broadly  ovate  and  hy- 
aune,  about  2-3  mm.  long,  rigid  and  as  long  as  the  pedicels.  Pedun- 
cles subscapose,  stout,  5-7  cm.  long.  Leaves  not  over  3  cm.  long,  with 
slender  petioles  twice  as  long  as  the  leaf-rachis.  Leaflets  4-6  pairs, 
elliptical  to  obovate,  obtuse,  not  over  1  cm.  long,  rather  thick,  folded 
and  variably  silvery  on  both  sides  with  loosely  appressed  hairs  Stip- 
ules large,  imbricated,  shaggy,  round  to  oval,  rarely  ovate,  hyaline,  4-5 
mm.  long,  very  conspicuous,  acute.  Stems  very  short  and  with  con- 
gested internodes,  only  a  few  inches  long  at  most,  rigid,  inclined  to  be 
woody,  prostrate  or  spreading,  many  and  caespitose  from  the  crown 
of  the  erect  and  woody  root,  grow  ing  in  rocky  places,  preferably  crev- 
ices, often  along  with  A.  pubentissimus  which  at  times  is  very  similar 
but  without  the  large  stipules  and  congested  internodes.  It  some- 
times blooms  as  a  winter  annual.  Common  throughout  the  San  Ra- 
fael Swell,  and  growing  from  Green  River  to  Grand  Junction  and 
southward  to  the  Moencoppa  .Arizona  where  it  grows  with  A.  sabulo- 
num  and  is  distinguished  from  it  by  the  caespitose  habit  and  stipules. 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

Astragalus  desperatus  var.  petrophilus  n.  var.  Pods  rigid,  decid- 
edly inflated,  rarely  1  cm.  long,  half-oval  to  obliquely  obovate,  4-5 
mm.  high,  with  ovate  to  cordate  cross-section,  generally  a  little  sul- 
cate dorsally  near  the  base,  and  sometimes  also  ventrallj'  there  but 
the  ventral  suture  mustly  a  straight,  thick  and  raised  line,  and  the  dor- 
sal suture  a  raised  and  thin  partial  partial  partition  within,  tip  of  pod 
very  sharp,  upturned,  deltoid,  with  a  sharj)  and  subulate  beak,  surface 
of  pods  so  shaggy  as  to  conceal  the  skin,  sometimes  crose-ribbed..  the 
pubescence  falls  off  long  after  maturity,  pods  indifferently  spreading. 
1-3  on  the  ends  of  the  filiform  peduncles  which  are  1-10  cm.  long,  and 
rarely  as  long  as  the  leaves.  P'lowers  5-7  mm.  long,  from  stubby  to 
narrow,  1-5  on  the  ends  of  the  peduncles,  not  reflexed.  Calyx  teeth 
from, rudimentary  to  triangular  and  1  mm.  long.  Leaves  very  much 
reduced  and  short.  Leaflets  2-3  pairs,  thickish,  ashy,  3-4  mm.  long, 
elliptical,  folded,  obtuse.  Petioles  about  as  long  as  the  leaf-rachis. 
.Stems  form  an  oblong  mass  of  imbricated  stipules,  rarely  1  cm.  long, 
many  on  the  crown  of  the  erect  root,  the  mat  4-6  inches  wide.  Very 
variable.     This  is  toe  most  condensed  form  and  the  smallest  mats  re- 


205 

semble,  closely,  A.  mont.inus  and  A.  humillimns.  It  grows  in  crevices 
of  flat  rocks,  in  the  San  Rafael  Swell  region  Utah,  and  blooms  in  May 
and  June,  and  fruits  soon  after  (as  does  the  species). 

165  Astragalus  tephrodes  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  45  (1853).  Pods  about 
half-oval-ovate,  nearly  half  as  high  or  wide  as  long,  about  1  cm.  long, 
ashy,  normally  ascending  in  short  spikes,  a  little  arcuate  toward  tip, 
sessile  at  the  rounded  base,  weakly  attached,  rather  finely  cross  ribbed 
and  inclined  to  be  sulcate  below  at  both  sutures  and  obcompressed  at 
very  base,  cross-section  obcordate  to  slightly  didymous,  both  sutures 
thickened  externally.  In  the  type,  whieli  is  based  on  two  small  speci- 
mens ii;  fruit  only,  the  pod  is  half-moon  shaped,  with  straight  ventral 
suture,  sulcate  dorsa  II}- and  with  flat  and  deltoid  tip,  hoary  with  mi- 
nute hairs.  Other  material  from  Socorro  has  pods  from  obliquely 
ovate  to  arcuate-lance-oblong,  with  triangular  and  flat  tip  about  twice 
as  long  as  wide  and  inclined  to  be  sulcate  at  both  sutures  but  with  sim- 
ilar beak.  Walls  very  fleshy  when  fresh  but  thin  when  dry.  My  own 
specimens  from  the  Needles  Cal.  have  pods  more  acute.  Tlie  flowers 
in  the  type  are  described  as  about  1  cm,  long  and  purple.  In  tlie  So- 
corro material  and  my  own  the  flowers  are  1-1.5  cm.  long  and  purple 
tipped,  lik'e  A.  remulcus  but  shorter  and  smaller.  They  have  the. same 
short-cylindric  calyx  tube  appearing  campanulate  in  fruit,  with  teeth 
triangular  and  nearly  half  as  long  as  tube.  The  calyx  can  hardly  be 
called  wool!}'  though  the  appressed  hairs  are  somewhat  tangled.  Pe- 
duncles about  1  dm.  long,  having  the  rather  many  flowers  spicate.  The 
biacts  and  pedicels  are  the  same  as  in  remulcus.  Leaflets  7-10  pairs, 
elliptical  to  oval,  obtusish,  contiguous  or  separated,  about  1  cm.  long, 
loosely  silky  with  somewhat  tangled  long  hairs.  Leaves  about  1  dm. 
long,  with  petioles  shorter  than  the  rachis.  Stems  slender  and  decum- 
bent or  prostrate  and  with  few  nodes,  as  in  remulcus,  arising  from  slen- 
der underground  root  branches.  It  was  described  as  a  possible  bien- 
nial. From  the  western  base  of  the  Organ  Mts.  New  Mexico  to  the 
Needles  Cal.  Tropical,  on  benches.  It  seems  to  be  rare.  This  species 
has  some  resemblance  to  A.  Feensis. 

165  Astragalus  Shortianus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  1  331  (1838). 
A.  humili':  Geyer.  Pods  from  lanceolate  to  linear-oblong  (even  ovate 
in  the  variety),  corrugated. -cellular  when  dry,  rounded  at  base,  joint- 
ed to  the  calyx,  inclined  to  be  sulcate  at  both  sutures  below,  acumin- 
ate, 2-7  cm.  long,  10-15  mm.  wide,  rarely  over  5  mm.  high,  somewhat 
arcuate  especially  toward  the  mostly  flat  and  ensiform  triangular  tip, 
broadly  sulcate  dorsally  and  mostly  bisulcate  ventrally,  much  obcom- 
pressed when  mature,  often  round  in  cross-section  when  fresh,  mi- 
nutely pubescent,  not  mottled,  ascending,  with  ventral  suture  thicken- 
ed and  raised  externally,  and  the  dorsal  suture  not  intruded,  outer  coat 
showing  little  tendency  to  separate  from  the  inner,  walls  4-5  mm. 
thick  when  fresh,  the  inner  cartilaginous  when  dry.  Flowers  about 
2-2.5  cm.  long,  crowded  at  end  of  peduncle,  brilliant  purple,  with  long 
claws.  Banner  about  oval,  1  cm.  long,  arched  to  45  degrees  in  gentle 
arc  from  end  of  calyx  tube,  rarely  erect,  with  sides  much  reflexed  in 
age  below,  about  2-4  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  obliquely  linear- 
cuneate,  rounded,  about  2  mm.  wide,  much  narrower  than  keel,  2-3  mm 
shorter  than  keel,  arched  lit^^le,  with  tips  inclined  to  be  horizontal  as 
in  A.  Utahensis.  Keel  straight  to  near  the  tip  and  then  abruptly  roun- 
ded to  erect  at  the  obtusely  triangular  tip  which  is  about  4  mm.  high. 
Calyx  tube  cylindrical,  7-8  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  nigrescent  with 
rather  shaggy  hairs,  straight,  not  deeper  cleft  above,  teeth  subulate 
and  nearly  half  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  subulate,  nearly  1  cm.  long. 
Pedicels  slender,  3-5  mm.  long.  Peduncles  in  flower  rarely  2  dm.  long 
but  somewhat  longer  in  fruit,  subscapiform,  sulcate,  stout,  3-12  flow- 
ered. Leaves  often  1.5  dm,  long,  the  petiole  half  the  whole.  Leaflets 
7-14  pairs,  7-23  mm.  long,  from  nearly  oval  to  broadly  elliptical,  in- 
clined to  have  cuneate  base  and  be  long-pctiolulate,  flat,  rounded  and 
obtuse,  nearly  contiguous,  variably  pubescent  with  hairs  normally 
very  fine  and  long  and  inclined  to  be  tangled  on  the  calyx  and  looser, 
but  hairs  rarely  short  and  broader.     Internodes  rarely  as    long  as    the 


206 

normally  much  shorter  or  absent  and  plants   then    acaulesccnt.     Stip-  ■ 

ules  large,  triangular  to  5ul)ulatc-lanceolate.     Crown    branches   many,  ■ 

forming  a  dense  tuft.     Common    on   the    plains    and    foothills    of    the  ^ 

Rockies  from  central  Wyoming  and  the  Laramie  plains  southward 
through  the  mountains  at  low  elevations,  westward  to  Sapinero  Col. 
anil  Santa  Fee  New  Mexico  and  the  Plains  to  the  eastward,  not  in  Ari- 
zona.    Middle  Temperate  life  zone  in  gravelly  soil. 

Astragalus  Shortianus  Var.  cyaneus  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  8  5  (1898) 
and  10  65  (1902).  .A.  c)  ancus  Gray  PI.  Fend.  34  (1849).  This  differs 
from  the  type  in  the  ovate  pods  being  about  2.5  cm.  long,  the  shorter 
and  wider  pubescence  not  at  all  shaggy  on  the  calyx,  smaller  leaves 
and  more  condensed  habit.  Leaflets  rarely  over  1  cm.  long,  oval  and 
with  cuneate  base.  Bracts  about  4  mm.  long.  Pedicels  about  1  mm. 
long.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long  and  short-clawed.  Calyx  tube 
about  3  cm.  long,  the  short  teeth  2  mm.  long  The  hairs  often  have  a 
little  knob  near  the  base  showing  a  tendency  to  be  fixed  above  the  end 
as  in  the  next  group.  This  is  the  common  form  of  the  Rio  Grande  to 
Texas.  A.  Shortianus  var.  minor  Gray,  in  so  far  as  it  differs  from  this 
is  a  form  of  A.  Missouriensis  whieh  intruded  sutures  and  pick-shaped 
hairs. 

167  Astragalus  argophyllus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  1  331  (1838) 
A.  glareosus  of  most  authors,  not  Douglas.  Pod.s  very  variable,  al- 
ways pubescent  with  rather  loose  and  not  appressed  hairs,  never  really 
shaggy,  fleshy,  with  pulp  about  2  mm.  thick  and  a  hard  inner  woody 
wall  (pulp  thinner  in  southern  regions),  somewhat  wrinkled  when  dry 
but  with  smooth  outline  when  fresh,  from  nearly  round  but  obliquely 
iDtaked  to  oval-ovate  and  oblong-ovate  when  large,  5-7  mm.  high, 
about  1  cm.  wide  and  1.5  cm.  long,  rarely  more,  sharply  shortly  arcuate 
toward  the  tip,  jointed  to  the  calyx  and  with  a  minute  stipe  when  dry 
and  rounded  to  notched  at  base,  a  lit<-le  sulcate  ventrally,  flattish  dor- 
sully  and  rarely  sulcate  except  at  very  base  where  it  is  inclined  to  be 
sulcate  at  both  sutures  and  obcompressed.  but  with  sutures  not  in- 
truded, from  very  little  inflated  in  the  type  to  much  inflated  in  the  var 
castanaeformis,  cavity  full  of  hairs,  cross-section  about  oval,  some- 
times rather  didymous  when  sulcate,  vertical  longitudinal  section  ob- 
long-arcuate. Flowers  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  brilliant  pink-purple,  often 
deep-blue  when  dry  (due  to  the  alkali  in  drying  papers),  narrow,  in 
heads  at  the  ends  of  slender  peduncles,  which  never  exceed  the  leaves 
and  mostl}'  are  very  much  shorter.  Claws  of  petals  exserted  except 
■when  old.  Banner  about  1  cm.  long,  oblong-oval,  dark-pink-purple  a- 
round  the  edges,  stronglv  notched,  with  sides  reflexed  widely  to  45° 
from  calyx  tips,  with  white  spot  large  and  coming  within  2  mm.  of  the 
edge  and  narrowed  below  and  with  ragged  edges  and  red-purple  and 
branching  veins.  Wings  narrowly  oblong,  1-3  mm.  shorter  than  the 
banner  and  as  much  longer  than  the  keel,  a  little  arched  and  narrowed 
above,  1-2  mm.  wide  and  much  narrower  than  keel,  purple-tipped  and 
horizontal  at  the  ends  and  ol)li(|uely  rounded.  Keel  5-6  mm.  long, 
with  the  base  straight  and  gently  to  abruptlj'  arched  to  erect,  the 
rounded  and  very  obtuse  tip  somewhat  produced  and  3  mm.  high  and 
1  mm.  wide  at  the  end,  purple  but  white  below  as  are  the  other  petals. 
Calyx  very  thin  and  hyaline,  narrow,  about  1  cm.  long,  exclusive  of 
the  subulate  teeth  which  arc  from  a  third  to  a  fifth  as  long  as  the  tube 
2-3  mm.  high,  1-2  mm.  wide,  rather  fleshy  at  base,  cleft  deeper  above 
and  with  teeth  unequal.  Bracts  ovate  to  narrowly  lanceolate  and  con- 
spicuous, about  5  mm  long  and  at  least  twice  as  long  as  the  rather 
stout  and  variable  pedicels,  shaggy  but  mostly  hyaline.  Peduncles 
from  almost  none  to  half  as  long  as  the  leaves,  or  rareley  nearly  as 
long  as  the  leaves,  generally  spreading  on  the  ground,  but  sometimes 
ascending  at  the  tip,  the  floral  rachis  rarely  2-4  cm.  long  in  fruit  and 
with  few  pods.  Leaves  narrow,  rarelj'  1  dm.  long,  slender,  the  peti 
ole  proper  about  half  the  leaf  rachis.  Leaflets  about  8  pairs,  not  con 
tiguous,  from  lanceolate  and  very  acute  to  obovatc  and   apiculate,   but 


207 

normally  acute  at  both  ends  and  appearing  diamond-shaped,  short- 
petiolulate,  5-12  mm.  long,  broader  wlien  short,  densely  silvery-silky 
with  fine  and  soft  hairs  which  are  rather  loose  and  inclined  to  be 
wavy.  The  type  has  rather  long  peduncles  and  acute  leaflets  but  is 
without  mature  fruit,  but  there  can  be  no  mistake  about  its  identity. 
It  has  been  uniformly  referred  to  A.  glareosus  which  is  a  form  of  A, 
inflexus  with  short  stems  and  belongs  to  the  Columbia  drainage.  The 
stems  are  woody  but  slender,  spreading  flat  on  the  ground  and  hug- 
ging it  closely  as  if  rooting,  with  short  internodes,  mostly  only  a  few 
inches  long  (rarely  a  foot  long),  caespitose.  Stipules  rather  small  be- 
low but  often  1.5  cm.  long  above,  triangular  to  oblong-lanceolate,  hy- 
aline and  veined  with  green,  nearly  smooth.  Rather  common  from 
Monida  Montana  and  central  Wyoming  and|[the  Laramie  plains  south- 
ward to  New  Mexico  on  the  Pacific  slope,  and  westward  to  the  Mogol- 
lons  of  Arizona,  and  northwestward  to  the  base  of  the  Sierras  at  least 
as  far  as  Reno  Nevada,  and  throughout  the  Great  Basin,  and  on  the 
Snake  river  toward  its  head  in  southern  Idaho.  It  grows  in  mountain 
valleys  in  moist  meadows  on  gravelly  knolls  in  sweet  soil.  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone,  not  in  the  Columbia  Basin  except  on  the  upper 
Snake  river.  Nuttall's  type  is  a  long-peduncled  form  from  Wyoming, 
with  narrow  and  acute  leaflets,  in  flower,  and  wMth  immature  pods 
and  with  the  characteristic  silky  pubescence  closely  appressed.  The 
species  has  very  variable  pubescence  but  it  is  always  silkj'  even  when 
short  and  appressed,  but  it  is  rarely  as  closely  app.essed  as  in  tho  =  e 
species  with  pick-shaped  hairs,  and  is  finer  than  in  most  forms  of  A. 
Shortianus,  and  is  without  the  peculiar  woolHness  of  the  A.  inflexus 
group,  the  flowers  also  are  paler  and  without  the  deep-red  of  inflexus 
which  makes  them  appear  bluer  in  dried  specimens  even  when  they 
are  as  deeply  colored  (doubtless  because  there  is  more  acid  in  the 
flov^ers  and  becomes  bluer  in  contact  with  alkaline  driers),  but  mostly 
they  are  purple-tipped  only,  while  in  inflexus  the  flowers  are  more  or 
1  es«  tinged  with  red  even  when  dry  (showing  a  different  chemical 
nature  more  like  A.  coccineus),  the  pods  of  inflexus  even  when  nearly 
smooth  have  long  and  woolly  hairs. 

A.  argophyllus  blooms  from  ^lay  to  .September.  There  has  been 
much  confusion  about  it,  Nuttall  mixing  it  with  A.  Purshii,  Torreyand 
Gray  with  A.  glareosus. 

This  species  appears  to  hybridize  with  .A.  Purshii  very  rarely,  t!Ve 
tinctus  variety  forming  Astragalus  argophyllus  x  Purshii,  when  the 
pods  are  somewhat  narrower,  sparsely  short-shaggy,  with  oval  and 
normally  obtuse  small  leaflets  of  the  tinctus  variety.  Such  forms  arc 
541 2d  Jones  from  Salina  Canon  Utah,  6054h  Jones  from  Nagle's  ranch 
OTi  the  Kaibab  Arizona,  and  other  material  from  ]\Iillcr  canon  in  the 
Navajo  Basin  south  of  Price  Utah. 

Astragalus  argophyllus  Var.  Pauguicensis  Jones  Cont.  7  671  (1895) 
and  8  5  (1898).  This  has  densely  silvery  leaves  with  oval  and  obtuse 
small  leaflets,  and  with  linear-lanceolate  pods  about  2.5  cm.  long  and 
5-7  mm.  wide,  shortly  acuminate,  very  much  obcomprcssed.  doubly 
sulcate  ventrally  and  not  at  all  dorsally,  finely  and  closely  appressed- 
pubescent.  In  meadows  at  Panguitch  Lake  Utah.  A  form  with  sim- 
ilar pods  4  cm.  long  and  with  narrow  leaflets  like  those  of  the  variety 
Cnicensis  is  from  Thistle  Utah. 

Astragalus  argophyllus  Var.  Martini  M.  Vtr.  This  is  a  very  con- 
densed form  without  peduncle  or  very  sb.ort  if  any,  with  imbricated 
stipules,  with  elliptical  to  diamond-shaped  and  silvery-silky  leaflets, 
the  largest  not  1  cm.  long, and  with  claw-like  pods  hardly  1  cm.  long 
and  deeply  corrugated,  with  both  sutures  narrow  and  a  little  raised 
externally,  not  sulcate  at  either  suture  but  a  lit<-ie  obcomprcssed, 
ovate,  the  flat  tip  sharply  arcuate  to  erect,  sparsely  short-hairy.  Soda 
Springs  Idaho  June  19  1901  Rev.  Geo.  W.  ^lartin.  A  form  with  lon- 
ger peduncle  I  collected  at  Park  City  Utah. 


208 


Astragalus  argophyllus  var.  cnicensis  N.  Var.  This  is  a  form 
witli  long  pcduncies,  stipules  nearly  contiguous,  with  stems  many  and 
(kusely  tuited,  short,  ascending  and  with  very  many  greenish  leaves 
wiih  very  ^hort  and  sparser  pubescence,  with  narrowly  elliptical  apic- 
u  ate  leaflets  aliout  1  cm.  long,  and  with  claw-like  pods  nearly  2  cm, 
.uug  and  not  corrugated  but  ashy  with  short  and  rather  dense  hairs, 
ianceolate,  a  little  sulcate  at  both  sutures,  with  the  flat  tip  abruptly 
arcuate  to  erect,  decidedly  obcomprcssed.  Thistle  Utah  1901,  Mam- 
moili  Utah  1911.  in  fruit  in  May  and  June. 

Astragalus  argophyllus  var.  castanaeformis  (Watson  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  J'.i  361  1885  as  -pecies)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  (1902).  Pods  coriace- 
ous, little  wrinkled,  the  walls  when  dry  in  some  forms  are  almost 
chartaceous.  conspicuously  inflated,  _broadly  ovate-triquetrous,  half- 
oval,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  1  cm.  wide,  5-7  mm.  high,  ashy,  with  ventral 
>ulure  raised  and  thickened  and  straight  and  ending  in  the  flat  very 
siioi  L  :;nd  deltoid  beak,  cross-section  ovate-triciuetrous,  rarely  slightly 
suicatc  broadly  near  the  base,  dorsal  suture  very  convex  and  raised  as 
;i  thin  line  l)Ut  not  intruded.  Peduncles  2-3  cm.  long.  Flowers  about 
10,  light-colored,  the  tips  of  wings  and  keel  purple.  Leaves  4-8  cm. 
long,  with  the  petiole  often  as  long  as  the  rachis.  Leaflets  4-8  pairs, 
obovate  to  elliptical,  acutish  to  rounded,  rarely  1  cm.  long,  ashy  with 
short  pubescence.  Stems  densely  congested  and  very  short,  with  im- 
bricated stipules.  This  is  the  thinnest-walled  form  of  the  species,  it 
g  ows  in  the  pine  forests  of  the  AlogoUons  about  Flagstaff  and  Wil- 
liams Arizona. 

Astragalus  argophyllus  var.  pephragmenus  (Jones  Cont.  5  267 
1893  as  species).  Pods  about  2.5  cm.  long,  7-10  mm.  wide,  about  5 
mm.  high,  very  fleshy,  a  little  wrinkled,  cartilaginous,  from  nearly 
lanceolate  to  oblong-ovate,  oblique  to  a  little  arcuate,  ashy,  rounded 
and  jointed  to  a  very  thick  and  short  stipe,  scarcely  more  than  strong- 
and  deltoidl}'  flat-beaked,  with  ventral  suture  very  thick  and  raised 
(about  1  mm.  thick  when  dry),  mostly  straight,  with  dorsal  suture  a 
mere  raised  line  externally  and  internally,  convex,  pods  flattish  dor- 
sally  and  sometimes  a  little  l)isulcate  ventrally,  cross-section  about 
oval  when  dry.  inflated.  Leaflets  5-15  pairs,  about  oval,  apiculate. 
rather  thick,  rarely  7  mm.  long,  densely  silvery-hairy,  with  closely  ap- 
pressed  hairs.  Petioles  often  longer  than  the  leaf  rachis,  and  the  leaf 
about  5-8  cm.  long..  Stems  much  branched  and  tufted,  ascending,  a 
few  inches  long,  with  internodes,  longer  than  the  stipules,  and  the  pe- 
du'  c  e  a  little  longer  than  the  leaves.  Top  of  the  Pinal  ^lts.  Arizona 
among  rocks,  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  This  at  once  suggests  .X. 
Shortianus  var.  cyaneus  but  the  pubescence  is  that  of  argophyllu.* 
with  the  wavy  and  fine  hairs  fixed  strictly  by  the  base,  and  the  stems 
■^vith  ijrodiiccd  internodes,  but  the  pods  are  more  like  that  variety 

Astragalus  Zionis  Jones  Cont.  7  652  (1895).  Pods  arcuate,  hori- 
zontal, abruptly  long-acute  with  flat  and  subulate  style,  linear-oblong, 
2.5-3  cm,  long,  about  7  mm.  wide  and  high,  rather  triquetrous  but  with 
rounded  sides,  flattened  to  a  little  sulcate  dorsally  and  somewhat  ob- 
comprcssed, bnt  round  when  fresh,  with  cross-section  oblong  exter- 
nally and  linear  internally,  with  walls  2  mm.  thick  when  fresh  the  in- 
ner part  only  coriaceous  and  wrinkled  when  dry,  mottled,  dried  im- 
mature pods  are  laterally  flattened,  ventral  suture  not  raised  when 
fresh,  when  dry  the  suture  is  conspicuously  raised  and  with  the  sides 
rather  flat  and  at  a  sharp  angle  to  eachother,  jointed  to  the  calyx, 
rounded  and  rather  narrowed  to  it,  shortly  sparsely  shaggy  with  ra- 
ther spreading  hairs,  never  sulcate  at  base,  widely  spreading,  when 
much  arched  then  much  obcomprcssed,  the  thread-like  beak  often  1 
cm.  long.  I'lowers  short-racemose  on  stout  and  nearly  erect  pedun- 
cles 1-2  dm.  long,  purple-tipped,  14-20,  about  2  cm.  long.  Banner  a 
little  over  1  cm.  long,  oval-ovate,  with  sides  reflcxed  2  mm.  wide  in 
the  middle  only,  arched  to  45  degrees  beyond  the  calyx  teeth, 
and  groove  nearly  f  orming  two  thirds  of  a  circle    being   3    mm.   wide 


209 

and  2  mm.  deep,  very  broad  and  large,  and  shallowing  toward  the  tip, 
white  spot  M-shaped,  large,  purple-veined  below  and  stippled  above. 
Wings  linear,  2  mm.  wide,  somewhat  ascending,  rather  obtuse,  tips 
horizontal  and  connivent,  purple  throughout,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel, 
and  2  mm  longer  than  banner.  Keel  straight,  bent  sharply  to  erect  at 
the  end,  purple,  triangular-acute,  and  3-mm.  high,  about  7  mm.  long. 
Calyx  obliquely  cylindrical,  the  tube  about  7  mm  long,  a  little  narrow 
at  tip  and  base  and  deeper  cleft  above,  about  3  mm.  high,  laterally 
flattened,  light-colored  or  reddish,  attached  in  line  with  the  fleshy  base 
and  with  the  upper  side  _  arched  a  little  and  also  with  the  lower  side 
straight,  loosely  short-nigrescent  with  the  wavy  hairs  little  spreading, 
nearly  sessile  on  very  stout  pedicels.  Calyx  teeth  rather  thread-like 
and  about  one  third  as  long  as  the  tube.  Bracts  subulate,  with  filiform 
tips,  nearly  1  cm.  long,  green.  Leaves,  1-3  dm.  long,  very  narrow,  the 
petiole  nearly  half  the  whole,  and  the  rachis  conspicuously  tapering  to 
a  fine  point  and  rigid  though  slender.  Leaflets  from  ovate  and  very 
acute  to  (liaiiiond-shaped,  5-20  mm.  long,  distant,  about  5-8  pairs,  long- 
petiolulate.  ashy  with  minute  and  very  fine  and  appressed  short  hairs. 
Stipules  triangular-subulate,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  green  and  reflexed,  adnate 
but  not  at  all  connate.  Stems  hoary,  rarely  1  dm.  long,  with  5-8  inter- 
nodes,  ascending  from  a  woody  base,  much  branched,  some  of  the 
nodes  2-3  cm.  apart.  This  grows  in  red  sand  on  gravelly  slopes  near 
rocks  or  hanging  in  festoons  from  the  rocks  along  the  Virgin  river 
from  Eellcview  to  Little  Zion  Utah.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  The 
-•■pecies  reminds  one  of  A.  Parryi  but  the  pods  are  those  of  the  amphi- 
o.^ys  group,  and  the  pubescence  that  of  argophyllus  though  looser 
and  may  be  an  extreme  form  of  it,  but  the  habit  is  that  of  sparsiflorus 
and  Parryi.  The  peculiar  fleshiness  of  the  fresh  pods  does  not  show 
iw  the  dried  fruit. 

169  Astragalus  reraulcus  Jones  Cont.  7  658  (1895).  A.  amphioxys 
var.  brachylobus  Gray,  not  A.  brachylobus  DC.  Pods  2-4  cm.  long, 
7-!U  mm.  wide  or  high  according  to  the  compression,  very  thick  and 
cartilaginous  when  dry,  the  walls  thick  and  woody,  and  the  fleshy 
pulp  thick  when  fresh,  decidedly  oblique  but  not  much  arcuate,  from 
obliquely  ovate  to  narrowly  oblong  and  very  variable  in  shape,  longi- 
tudinally vv'rinkled  and  somewhat  corrugated  vertically,  appearing 
nearly  smooth  but  minutely  \voolly,  rounded  at  base  and  sessile  in  the 
calyx,  rather  blunt  at  the  oblique  tip  where  the  thickened  sutures  are 
united  into  a  very  thick  flat  prow  much  wider  than  long  which  is  ab- 
ruptly produced  into  a  nearly  round  and  very  stout  beak  1-2  mm.  long 
which  ends  in  a  filamentary  recurved  style  5-10  mm.  long,  slightly  in- 
flated, ascending  and  rather  appressed-spicate,  ventral  suture  very 
thick  (about  1  nun.)  and  a  little  raised,  dorsal  suture  somewhat  thick- 
ened and  raised  but  not  intruded  in  the  type.  Pods  normally  obcom- 
pressed  a  little  below  the  middle,  with  oval  cross-section,  but  some- 
times laterally  flattened  a  little  and  with  cross-section  vertically  oval, 
apparently  never  sulcate,  often  appearing  4-angled  by  the  contraction 
of  the  walls  at  the  sutures.  Flowers  10-20,  loosely  short-spicate,  al- 
most sessile,  spreading,  light-colored  and  purple-tipped,  not  narrow, 
1-1.5  cm.  long,  rather  stubby.  Banner  about  as  long  as  calyx  tube,  7- 
10  mm.  long,  oval,  arcuate  remote  from  the  tip  of  cah-x  tube  in  a  gen- 
tle arc  to  45-90  degrees, whitish  or  purple-tinged  around  the  edges, 
with  sides  reflexed  a  little  along  the  middle.  Wings  narrowly-oblong 
and  rounded,  arched  a  little,  about  2  mm.  wide,  a  little  longer  than 
keel  and  2  mm  shorter  than  banner,  purple.  Keel  straight,  about  5 
mm.  long,  the  end  abruptly  erect  and  3  mm.  high  and  with  rounded 
apex.  Calyx  tube  broad,  6-7  mm.  long  and  4  mm.  high,  flattened  lat- 
erally a  little,  short-cylindric,  attached  in  line  with  the  fleshy  base, 
the  upper  side  slightly  convex  and  cleft  deeper  above,  short-woolly, 
the  deltoid  teeth  about  1-3  mm.  long.  Bracts  ovate  to  oblong,  hyaline 
long-ciliate,  3-5  mm.  long  and  longer  than  the  stout  pedicels.  Pedun- 
cles stout,  about  as  long  as  the  leaves  or  more,  and  with  the  floral  ra- 
chis, exceeding  them,  arcuate,  1-L5  dm.    long.     Leaves    rarely    1    dm. 


no 

long,  floxuous,  the  stout  petiole  decidedly  shorter  than  the  rather  ta- 
pering rachis.  Leaflets  thick.  10-17  pairs,  oval,  5-30  mm.  long,  often 
acutish  at  both  ends,  strongly  petiolnlate,  often  nearly  contiguous,  in- 
clined to  be  smooth  above  and  short-wavy-hairy  below  tnd  on  the 
margins.  Stipules  triangular,  green  above,  about  as  long  as  the  near- 
est leaflet,  adnate,  not  connate.  Stems  very  short,  woody,  .uid  almost 
creeping  as  in  .'\.  argophyllus,  the  season's  growth  with  white  inter- 
nodes  nearly  3  cm.  long.  Western  side  of  the  .Mogollon  plateau  from 
Piescott  and  Skull  valley  .\riz.  to  Springdale  Utah,  and  eastward  at 
least  as  far  as  Flagstaff  Ariz.  Lower  and  extending  into  the  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone,  among  pines  and  junipers  on  mesas.  This  is  a 
well  marked  but  very  variable  species  with  pods  much  like  those  of  .\. 
Missouriensis  but  thicker,  the  pubescence  and  habit  and  general  cliar- 
acteristics  are  those  of  the  argoi  hyllus  group.  It  has  been  referred  to 
both  Missomiensis  and  Shortianus,  and  may  be  a  form  of  argophyllus 
var  pephragn.enus  but  the  broad  and  stubby  flowers  with  petals  all 
about  e<iual  are  different. 

Astragalus  remulcus  var.  Chloridae  N.  Var.  Pods  linear-oblong, 
about  3-4  cm.  long,  5-9  mm.  wide  or  high,  often  arched  to  a  half  circle. 
Dorsal  suture  infolded  (but  pods  scarcely  sulcate)  and  then  produced 
as  a  thin  partition  over  half  way  to  the  ventral  suture,  or  pods  wholly 
l-ce!led  and  suture  not  intruded.  Pods  and  flowers  racemose,  with  the 
rachis  1-2  dm.  long,  on  peduncles  1-2  ft.  long.  Calyx  teeth  subulate. 
1-3  mm.  long,  nigrescent.  Leaflets  elliptical  and  nearly  always  strong- 
ly apiculate.  Proper  stems  almost  none.  This  is  a  striking  variety, 
appearing  as  if  a  hybrid  with  A.  Layneae,  but  with  only  the  septum  ol 
that  species.  Chloride  Ariz.,  among  junipers  on  gravelly  mesas.  L 
blooms  in  April. 

170  Astragalus  pygmaeus  Nutt.  in  T  ^  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  1  349  1838  as 
Phaca^  A.  Chamaeleuce  Gray  Bot.  Ives  10  (1860).  The  pygmaeu.-; 
of  authors  is  a  synonym  oi  earlier  species.  The  plant  on  which  Gray 
intended  to  found  Chaisaeleuce  was  A.  \ewberryi,  but  as  he  gave  no 
description  and  cited  tlii  ;  as  his  type  A.  Chamaeleuce  becomes  a  syno 
nyrn.  Pods  2.5-4  cm.  long,  2  cm.  wide,  nearly  1  cm.  high,  mottled  but 
tsh}'  till  mature,  elliptical  to  oblong-ovate,  when  fresh  half-oval-ovate 
or  half  oval  and  without  iiny  apparent  sutures  and  with  smooth  out- 
line and  with  pulp  about  4  mm.  wide  when  fresh  and  with  large  cells 
wliich  soon  dry  out  aiul  leave  air  spaces  in  the  puip,  when  dry  the 
pulp  is  about  2  mm.  wide  and  is  traver.'ed  by  threads  from  the  celi 
walls  and  by  a  coarse  am!  fibrous  netwo;  i:  near  the  outer  skin  (shown 
by  interrupted  black  lines  in  drawing  "a  "  and  flat-wise  by  "d")  whicli 
either  adheres  to  the  papery  skin  like  ll:.:^  veins  in  the  wing  of  a  cicada 
(hence  my  name  "cicadae")  or  separate :  I'rom  it  according  to  the  dry 
ness  or  moisture  in  the  air  at  the  time  of  maturity.  This  inner  skin  is 
thin  but  denser  and  full  of  fine  parallel  lines.  The  cavity  of  the  pod  is 
full  of  juice  which  dries  to  cobwebby  hairs.  The  pods  are  oblique 
but  a  little  arcuate  if  iit  all.  Cross-section  round  to  oblate-oval.  The 
flowers  are  mostly  v/bite  or  light-colored,  about  2  cm.  long.  Banner 
oval,  abouc  2  cm  long,  gently  arcuate  remote  from  the  calyx  to  45-90 
degrees,  the  erect  part  much  shorter  than  the  rest,  whitish  but  purple 
veined  at  tip,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide  in  the  middle,  2-3 
mm.  longer  than  the  keel.  Wings  linear,  about  1  mm.  wide,  a  little 
arched,  purple  and  purple-\  eined,  rounded,  hardly  1  mm.  longer  than 
keel  and  much  narrower.  Keel  about  7  mm.  long,  with  straight  base, 
and  the  tip  arcuate  in  a  ipiarter  circle  to  nearly  erect  and  triangular 
but  obtuse,  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  6-8  mm.  long  and  2-3  mm. 
high,  reddish,  ashy,  deeper  cleft  above,  narrowed  below  and  attached  in 
line  with  the  base,  the  sides  about  straight,  split  by  pod  at  maturity, 
on  a  stout  pedicel  about  1  mm.  long  which  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  thick 
and  green  and  ovate  bract.  Calyx  teeth  triangular  and  about  1  mm. 
long  in  the  tj'pe.  Peduncles  stout,  longer  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  2-5 
cm.  long  in  the  type,  wide,  the  petiole  longer  than  the  short  leaf-ra- 
chis  which  is  tsout   and    tapers   but    little.     Leaflets   contiguous,  from 


211 

nearly  round  to  oval-obovate,  the  largt'it  1  cm.  long,  thick  and  flat, 
very  obtuse  and  rounded  and  §hort-peiiolulate,  in  the  type  about  3-5 
pairs.  Stems  almost  none,  rarely  2-5  cm.  long,  densely  congested. 
Stipules  ovate  to  triangular,  mostly  ovci  Ijtpping,  nearly  1  cm.  long, 
shaggy.  Whole  plant  hoary  with  fine  and  .scarcely  flattened  and  near- 
ly smooth  hairs.  Pods  and  floweirs  ascending,  but  pods  flat  on  the 
ground  because  of  declined  peduncles.  Bad  lands  from  Yellowstone 
Park  to  the  Uinta  Alts,  in  very'  poor  clay  soil,  on  gentle  slopes,  upper 
part  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  The  var.  cicadae  (A.  cicadae 
Jone.s  Cont.  4  35  (1893)  is  a  better  developed  plant  with  leaves  and 
peduncles  nearly  1  dm.  long,  leaflets  5-7  pairs,  flowers  white  or  brill- 
iant-pink-purple with  banner  and  wings  a  little  longer,  the  banner  of- 
ten 1.5  cm.  long,  and  calyx  teeth  1-4  mm.  long.  This  abounds  from 
Theodore  (Duchesne)  on  the  upper  waters  of  the  Duchesne  river  along 
.south  of  the  Uintas  to  the  White  river  Colorado,  in  similar  soil.  AH 
sorts  of  intergrades  occur  so  that  it  seems  hardly  more  than  a  form 
of  the  species,  the  calyx  is  often  black.  In  its  immature  state  wdth  pur- 
ple flowers  it  is  not  easily  separable  from  A.  amphio-xys  except  by  the 
broader  leaves  and  shorter  flowers,  the  lowest  leaf  is  ofton  represen- 
ted by  a  single  large  terminal  leaflet. 

As':ra2alus  pygmaeus  var,  1.2ccolii:icu3  (Jones  Cont.  7  672  1895  as  .A. 
Chamaeleuce  var.  laccoliticus).  This  differs  from  the  type  in  the  ob- 
ovate  leaflets  being  deltoid-acute,  flowers  purple,  and  in  the  ovate 
pods  strongli'  arcuate-tipped  having  the  smooth  outer  skin  of  .A.  mu- 
siniensis.  It  appears  like  a  hybrid  with  A.  .^I usiniensis  but  A.  pyg- 
maeus  is  not  known  in  the  Henry  Mts.  Cottreli's  ranch  Henry  Mts. 
Jones  No.  5658q. 

171  Astragalus  Musiniensis  Jones  Cont  7  671  (1895).  Pod.?  oval- 
ovate  to  lanceolate-ovate,  2-3.5  cm.  long,  about  1.5  cm.  wide  and  I  cm. 
high,  Slightly  arcuate  to  abruptly  and  vertically  hooked  with  flattened 
and  deltoid  to  triangular  lip  which  is  not  produced  into  a  beak,  round 
and  sessile  at  base,  narrowly  sulcate  vcntrally  by  the  suture  being  de- 
pressed, sometimes  a  little  sulcate  dorsally,  puberulent  till  mature 
with  short  and  spreading  hairs,  smooth  and  shining  when  old,  not  re- 
ticulated, single  to  few,  cross-section  oval  to  didymous,  longitudinal 
section  oblong  to  oval  at  right  angles  to  a  line  connecting  the  two  su- 
tures, cellular  pith  between  the  walls  thick  and  conspicuous  (about  4 
mm.  thick  when  dry),  inner  wall  smooth  and  satiny  shining,  pods 
wholly  1 -celled,  with  sutures  not  evident  nor  raised  externally,  lying 
flat  on  the  ground,  very  light  when  dry  and  blowing  far  away  in  the 
wind.  Flowers  rarely  5,  on  stout  pedicels  shorter  than  the  ovate 
but  subulate  pointed  rather  smooth  and  hyaline  bracts,  dark-pink- 
purple,  about  2  cm.  long,  just  like  those  of  A.  amphio.xys  even  to  the 
horizontal  and  concave  wings  which  touch  at  the  tips.  Banner  oval- 
ovate,  about  1-1.3  cm  long,  arcuate  at  the  end  of  calyx  teeth  to  about  45 
degrees,  with  sides  reflexed  in  the  middle  for  about  2  mms."  width, 
white  spot  conspicuous,  purple-lined  and  stipple<l.  Wings  narrow, 
rather  abruptly  contracted  above  the  middle,  about  I  mm,  wide,  roun- 
ded, about  2  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  4  mm.  shorter  than  banner,  a 
little  arched.  Keel  about  7-8  mm.  long,  gently  arched  from  below 
the  middle  to  erect  or  nearly  so  at  tip,  the  tip  much  rounder!  and  3-4 
Sim.  high,  with  general  outline  nearly  obliciuely  oblanceolate.  Calyx 
about  1  cm.  long  and  3-4  mm.  high,  a  little  laterally,  flattened,  aboat 
straight  on  both  sides,  truncate  at  base  and  tip  and  inserted  on  the 
corner,  nigrescent  with  minute  black  hairs,  teeth  triangular  and  hard- 
ly 1  mm.  long.  Peduncles  scapose,  about  as  long  as  petioles,  normal- 
ly dcclinerl  and  hooked  at  the  erect  tip.  Leaves  many  and  congested, 
5-7  cm,  long,  tlie  crowns  a  mass  of  old  and  coarse  and  stiff  petioles 
(as  in  A.  Newberryi).  Petioles  with  a  siiig'e  ovate  to  triangular  leaf- 
let, or  3  digitate  ones,  or  rarely  with  an  additional  pair  a  little  below, 
leaflets  normally  lanceolate  and  short-acuminate  and  sessile.  1.5-2.5 
cm.  long,  hoary  with  closely  appressed  hairs  attached  almost  at  the 
ead  and  cross-ribbed.     Crowns  single  to  few,  1-5    cm.    wide,     Stipules 


U12 

oblong-ovatc,  not  acuminate,  nearly  smootli,  rarely  visible.  On  barren 
clay  slopes  from  Price  to  Ferron  Utah  and  vicinity,  Lower  Temper- 
ate life  zone. 

.'\  common  from  witli  shaggy  young  and  sparsely  shaggy  old  pods 
andv3-5  leaflets  from  Thomi'son's  Spring  and  the  San  Rafael  Swell  in 
Utah  is  the  var,  Newberryoides.  The  true  .\.  Xewberryi  does  not  oc- 
cur in  this  region. 

This  species  though  quite  distinct  simulates  A.  Newberryi  in  many 
respects.  The  flowers  are  the  same,  the  leaf  habit  the  same  though 
the  latter  runs  into  rather  many  leaflets  in  the  variety,  the  condensed 
crowns  the  same.  The  leaflets  of  A.  iS'ewberryi  though  normally 
nearly  round  are  often  inclined  to  be  tapering  at  tip.  The  pods  aie 
very  different  when  mature.  -A..  Xewberryi  belongs  to  the  Great  Ba- 
sin region  though  crossing  the  Colorado  drainage  at  the  south,  whi  e 
A.  Musiniensis  grows  only  on  the  northern  part  of  the  Navajo  Ba^  n. 
It  has  the  appearance  of  a  hybrid  between  A.  pygmaeus  and  some 
other  species,  but  there  is  no  such  other  species.  Its  only  associate  is 
A.  cymboifles.  It  is  common  and  holds  its  characters.  The  tap  root 
is  many  feet  long. 

172  Astragalus  cymboides  Jones  Cont.  7  650  (1895).  Pods  light- 
colored,  acute  at  both  ends,  about  8  mm.  wide  and  high,  sharp-edged  at 
both  sutures,  and  with  sides  rounded,  the  pulp  nearly  2  mm.  thick  and 
quickly  shriveling  when  picked,  the  coat  becoming  horizontally  lined 
along  the  middle  and  with  fine  but  rather  indistinct  cross  lines  and  un- 
evenly pitted,  ashy,  with  tip  flat  and  triangular-acute  and  straight, 
cross-section  when  dry  oblong  by  the  inner  walls  being  much  obcom- 
pressed,  not  sulcate,  pods  when  old  appearing  nearly  l.S  cm.  wide  and 
bordered  by  a  line  (the  e>lge  of  the  suture),  hardly  3  mm.  thick  in  the 
middle  and  keeled  below  (the  keel  the  dorsal  suture),  trisulcate  above 
by  sharp  grooves  with  the  central  one  at  the  ventral  suture  and  the 
lateral  pair  of  grooves  where  the  outer  wall  (now  become  a  wing) 
joins  the  dody,  the  space  between  the  central  and  the  lateral  grooves 
is  very  convex  so  that  the  cross-section  is  about  like  the  figure  "3"  but 
with  the  upper  arc  the  same  as  the  lower.  Seeds  many  and  filling  the 
hairy  cavity  which  splits  along  the  ventral  suture  but  does  not  open 
except  a  little  at  the  end.  The  dry  pods  are  very  light  and  blow  about 
easily.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long,  dull-purplish  to  dirty-white,  with 
the  tips  inclined  to  be  purplish  but  the  banner  nearly  always  white, 
capitate,  rarely  12.  nearly  sessile  and  with  the  ovate  bracts  much  lon- 
ger than  the  pedicels.  Banner  water-lined,  oblong-oval,  about  8  mm. 
long,  arcuate  abruptly  beyond  the  calyx  teeth  to  45  degrees,  the  sides 
refiexed  near  the  ba-e  to  1  mm.'s  width  and  so  making  the  blade  seem 
fiddle-shaped,  deepl}  notched  and  with  groove  nearly  V-shaped  and  2 
mm.  deep  and  1  mm.  wide  below,  then  becoming  2  mm.  wide  and  IJ- 
shaped  above  and  vanishing  at  tip.  Wings  linear-oblong,  a  little 
arcuate,  notched  below  the  tip,  blunt,  close-pressed  and  convex  to  keel 
below  and  then  spreading  and  horizontal  above,  pink-purple  and 
striped,  1  mm.  wide.  Keel  sharply  arched  in  the  middle  to  erect  and 
with  erect  part  about  3  mm,  long  and  as  long  as  the  base  which  is 
straight  and  with  rounded  tip,  about  1  mm.  shorter  than  the  wings 
which  are  2-4  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Calyx  about  7  mm.  long  and 
2  mm.  high,  cylindrical,  obliquely-triangular  at  base  and  inserted  in 
line  with  it,  the  upper  side  a  little  arched,  laterally  flattened,  cleft 
deeper  above  and  oblique  at  tip,  inclined  to  be  nigrescent  and  densely 
oppressed  pubescent,  teeth  triangular,  about  1  mm.  long.  Peduncles 
from  spreading  to  flat  on  the  ground,  rarely  5  cm.  long  in  flower  or  7 
mm.  long  in  fruit,  normally  shorter  than  the  leaves,  rather  stout, 
scapose.  Leaves  3-S  cm.  long,  with  coarse  and  persistent  petiole^ 
mostly  twice  as  long  as  the  rachis.  Leaflets  3-5  pairs,  normally  ovnl- 
obovate,  sometimes  elliptical  to  oval,  acutish,  nearly  sessile  and  thick 
5-10  mm.  long.     Stipules  densely  imbricatec,  triangular-ovate,  5-8  mm 


213 

Icng,  hairy.  Crowns  several  to  many,  very  compact  and  short,  the 
whole  forminsr  a  dense  mat.'  Whole  plant  hoary  with  very  dense  and 
closely  appressed  pubescence  of  si en4er,:  rotund  and  finely  w^arty  hairs 
attached  by  the  middle..  Common  on  clay  mesas  and  in  sandy  washes 
from  Price  to  Green  River  and  southward  at  least  to  Ferron  Utah  in 
the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

173  Astragalus  Missouriensis  Nntt.  Gen..2  (1818).  Pod.s  about  2  cm. 
long,  7-8  mm.  wide  and  5  mm.  high,  abruptly  stout-beaked,  rounded  at 
base,  straight,  rarely  a  little  arcuate,  minutely  pubescent,  strongly  and 
finely  cross-wrinkled  only,  with  walls  about  1-2  mm.  thick  when  fresh 
and  with  the  inner  wall  very  woody,  the  outer  skin  inclined  to  peel  off 
a  little  along  the  veniral  suture  but  not  thr.own  back  nor  wing-like 
when  oltl,  pods  splitting  at  both  sutures  near!}'  to  the  middle  and  the 
whole  lengtli  ;'.iong  the  ventral  suture  when  ripe  and  open  at  the  end, 
inclined  to  he  4-sided  with  both  sutures  raised  as  keels,  and  somewhat 
obconi.^ire.'ised  and  with  rounded  edge  and  rarely  sulcate  ventrally, 
with  hea':;  .-c;;rrely  at  all  flattened  Init  subuhitc,  cross-section  nearly 
round  and  cavity  a  little  inflated.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm.  long,  purple, 
9-12.  Banner  about  oval,  nearly  1  cm.  long,  gently  arched  beyond  ca- 
ly.K  teel;h  to  nearly  erect,  with  sides  reflexed  about  2  mm.  wide  below 
and  having  an  oblong  outline,  claw  white.  Wings  nearly  linear,  a  little 
arched,  about  1  mm.  wide,  rounded,  about  2-3  mm.  longer  than  keel  and 
4-5  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  tlie  same  as  in  A.  cymboi  les,  the 
erect  part  as  long  as  the  base,  with  nearly  straight  sides  anrl  abruptly 
upturned  in  the  middle,  about  4  mm.  high  and  v^  ith  rounded  tip.  Ca- 
lyx tube  about  7  mm.  long,  and  3  mm.  high,  nigrescent,  short-cylin- 
dric,  and  with  straight  sides,  somewhat  laterally/ flattened,  nearly  trun- 
cate at  base  and  inserted  near  the  lower  corner,  somewhat  oblique  at 
tip  and  clel'f  a  little  deeper  above,  ■  the  subulate  teeth  spreading  and 
about  2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  short  and  stout,  much  shorter  than  the 
subulate-lanceolate  bracts  which  are  hyaline  and  hairy  and  about  5 
mm.  long.  Peduncles  stout,  mostly  erect,  about  1  dm.  long  and  longer 
than  the  leaves.  Leaves  not  1  dm.  long,  with  petioles  about  as  long  as 
the  rachis,  rarely  persisting  long  on  the  old  stems.  Leaflets  about  5 
(3-7)  pair,s,  inclined  to  be  acute  at  both  ends  and  elliptical,  5-10  mm. 
long,  somewhat  thickened,  strongly  petiolulate,  hoary  with  very  fine 
and  appressed  soft  hairs  v>diich  are  flattened  in  the  middle  and  very 
warty  and  often  twisted  and  attached  near  the  middle.  .Stems  short, 
an  inch  or  so  long,  slender,  with  internodes  seldom  as  long  as  the  tri- 
angular and  conspicuous  but  not  large  stipules,  several  from  a  woody 
root,  and  habit  being  more  that  of  .\.  argophyllus  but  not  hugging  the 
ground  closely.  This  species  grows  from  Assiniboia  and  the  Saskat- 
ewan,  through  the  Plains  of  ^Montana  and  Dakotah  southward  to  Kan- 
sas and  New  !Mexico,  Oklahoma  and  Texas,  and  westv/ard  to  Santa 
Fee  and  the  borders  of  the  Rio  Grade  drainage  at  Farmington  New 
Mexico  and  thence  northward  in  the  mountains  of  Colorado  but  not 
on  the  Pacific  slope,  common  on  the  Laramie  plains  and  northward 
through  Montana  to  the  foot  of  the  Continental  Divide  but  not  appar- 
ently on  the  Pacific  drainage,  upper  part  of  the  Lower  and  lower  part 
of  the  Middle  Temperate  life  zones,  in  gravelly  and  well    drained  soil. 

In  the  var.  cuspidocarpus  (.Sheldon)  the  dorsal  suture  is  some- 
times iiroduced  a  little  and  then  is  A.  Shortianus  var.  minor  Gray  in 
part.  This  si)ecies  is  the  eastern  representative  of  the  beautiful  A. 
amphioxys  but  they  never  seem  to  occupy  the  same  region.  There  is 
very  little  to  separate  this  species  from  A.  amphioxys  var.  vcspcrtinus 
except  the  finely  ribbed  and  straight  and  blunt  pods,  and  leaflets  in- 
elined  to  be  diamond-shaped,  and  the  smaller  flowers.  Thi%  species  ap- 
pears to  require  the  summer  showers  and  cooler  air  of  the  Plains  and 
blooms  in  May,  while  its  congener  of  the  Pacific  slope  blooms  from 
March  to  early  May  and  grows  in  a  region  with  less  humidity  and  few 
rains  and  h.igher  temperature,  and  varies  far  more.     A.  rerr.ulcus    var. 


3U 

ChloricUc  is  another  clos4  relative  of  this  species    growing    in    a    still 
more  arid  region. 

174  Astragalus  amphioxys  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  336  (1878) 
This  is  a  very  variable  species.  The  tj'pe  has  pods  acuminate  at  both 
ends,  and  the  tip  tapering  into  a  long  and  curved  subulate  beak,  the 
pods  often  bent  into  a  half  circle,  5-8  mm.  wide  and  high,  or  when 
much  obcompressed  8  mm.  wide  and  2  mm.  high,  the  cross-|SCCtion 
then  being  oblong  when  fresh,  and  linear  when  dry,  but  cross-section 
normally  nearly  round  when  fresh  and  tricjuetrous  when  dry,  that  is, 
triangular-cordate,  when  fresh  the  surface  is  ashy  and  even,  when  dry 
it  is  smoothish  from  ventral  suture  about  to  the  middle  and  then 
strongly  reticulate-corrugated  to  tiie  dorsal  suture  and  along  it  from 
end  to  end,  when  fresh  neither  suture  is  evident  but  both  are  very 
thin  and  sharp  and  raised  externally  along  the  edges  and  much  thick- 
ened underneath  when  dry,  when  pods  are  only  a  little  arcuate  and 
scarcely  sulcate  dorsally  the  cross-section  is  inclined  to  be  4-angled  as 
in  A.  cymboides  and  Missouricnsis,  and  with  the  same  rounded  sides, 
but  normally  it  is  so  sulcate  dorsally  as  to  be  triquetrous,  walls 
about  2  mm.  thick,  neither  the  outer  nor  inner  skin  woody  when  fresh, 
thin-cartilaginous  when  dry,  not  mottled  normally  but  green,  rarely 
old  pods  show  mottling.  Flowers  in  the  type  rather  narrow  and  near- 
ly 3  cm  long,  loosely  short-spicate.  rarely  10.  Banner  oval,  gently 
arched  beyond  the  calyx  tips  from  10-60  degrees  or  rarely  more,  with 
sides  reflexed  2-3  mm.  wide  below  the  middle  giving  it  an  oblong  to 
triangular  outline,  groove  very  wide  and  shallow  and  often  7  mm.  wide, 
■white  spot  truncate  above  to  obcordatc  and  oblong  to  cuneate  and 
ragged  above  with  little  purple  veinlets  and  stippled,  blade  darkest 
near  the  white  spot  and  fading  out  toward  the  edges.  Wings  linear  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  rounded  and  obtuse,  oblique,  ascending,  concave  to 
keel  but  turned  out  at  its  tip  and  horizontal  and  with  their  tips  de- 
clined and  conniving  over  the  keel,  2  mm.  wide,  1-2  mm.  longer  than 
keel  4  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  about  7  mm.  long,  abruptly  and 
a  little  arched  above  the  middle  to  erect,  or  nearly  so,  the  tip  trian- 
gular and  obtuse  but  not  much  rounded,  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  7-10 
mm.  long  and  4  mm.  wide,  the  upper  side  arcuate  a  little,  the  lower 
side  straight,  obliquely  triangular  at  base  and  attached  in  line  with  it 
and  cleft  deeper  above,  a  little  narrowed  at  tip  and  somewhat  lat- 
erally flattened,  cylindrical,  ashy  or  variably  nigrescent  with  close- 
pressed  hairs,  the  triangular-subulate  teeth  equal,  a  third  to  one 
fourth  as  long  as  the  tube,  ascending.  Pedicels  almost  none,  very 
stout.  Bracts  triangular,  about  1  cm.  long,  hairy.  Peduncles  5-15  cm. 
long,  rarely  as  long  as  the  leaves,  rather  stout  and  strict,  the  fruiting 
rachis,  short  and  pods  few.  Leaves  1-1.5  dm.  long,  narrow,  the  leaf- 
rachis  rather  longer  than  the  petiole.  Leaflets  elliptical  to  oval,  in- 
clined to  be  acute  at  both  ends,  rarely  obovate  and  diamond-shaijcd, 
petiolulaic,  rather  distant,  5-lOpairs,  not  niuchthickened.  Stemsrather 
slender,  rarely  1  dm.  long,  zigzag.  Stipules  rarely  overlapping,  deltoid 
to  triangular,  seldom  1  cm  long,  adnate,  not  connate.  Plants  mostly 
biecnials  but  blooming  the  first  year  as  winter  annuals.  \\  ith  straight 
and  fleshy  tap  root  which  is  elongated  and  slender  and  which  at  tip  is 
branched  into  a  few  crowns.  A  very  earlj'  bloomer  and  not  continu- 
ing long.  Pods  easily  scattered  by  the  w'ind,  opening  both  at  tip 
and  base  for  a  short  distance.  This  species  though  with  less  easily 
blow-n  pods  than  the  former  two  species  is  commot  througout  the  Xa- 
vajo  Basin  from  the  base  of  the  Uintas  to  Steamboat  Springs  Colora- 
do and  southward  to  thh  Mogollonsand  the  Little  Colorado  at  least  to 
Winslow,  and  extending  over  on  the  Rio  Grande  but  rare  as  far  as  El 
Paso  Texas,  throughout  the  plateau  of  northern  .Arizona  and  dr)wn  its 
southern  flanks  to  Prcscott  and  around  the  western  flanks,  also  ex- 
tending down  the  Colorado  through  the  Grand  Canon  and  westward 
at  least  to  the  Charleston  Mts.  and  northward  to    Moapa  Nevada  and 


315 

St.  George  Utah.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone  and  going  a   little   int» 
he  Tropical,  growing  on  gravelly  soil  on  mesas  in  open    places.     The 
whole  plant  is  hoary  with  closely  appressed  pubescence  and  the  stems 
are  about  prostrate. 

In  the  same  region  where  the  two  species  overlap  in  Nevada  this 
hybridizes  with  A.  J.ayneae,  A.  amphioxys  X  Layneae,  with  the  pods 
of  amphioxys  and  tjie  flowers  and  somewhat  woolly  fine  pubescence 
of  Layneae,  peduncles  1.5-2  dm.  long  and  with  rachis  often  1  dm.  long. 
C  alyx  nigrescent  and  5  mm.  long,  3  mm.  high,  short-cylindric,  cleft 
deeper  above  and  with  uneqiial  teeth,  horizontal.  Pods  rather  shortly 
acute  at  both  ends,  about  3  cm.  long,  about  the  same  as  the  variety 
vespertinus.  dorsal  suture  not  intruded.  Chimihuevis  Mts.  Arizona 
(south  of  Franconia)  and  my  No.  5010  from  the  copper  mine  west  of 
St.  George  Utah,  April  4  1894.  Some  of  the  plants  are  elearly  3  years 
old.  The  flowers  are  rather  short  and  stubby,  about  2  cm  long,  tht 
banner  not  much  longer  than  the  wing,  the  keel  broad. 

Astragali;s  amphioxys  var.  veepertinus  (Sheldon  Minn.  Dot.  Stud. 
P  150  1894  as  species).  This  is  a  form  hardly  deserving  varietal  rank, 
with  pods  about  3  cm.  long,  narrowly  oblong  and  mostly  straight, 
with  the  coatings  inclined  to  separate  along  tlie  ventral  suture  as  in  A 
cymboides  and  with  the  dry  cross-section  inclined  to  be  quadrangular, 
the  pods  with  triangular-acute  tip  and  a  little  narrowed  but  not  acumi- 
nate at  base.  Leaflets  not  many  and  fewer  pairs,  obovate  and  obtuse. 
Peduncles  normally  longer  than  the  leaves.  Calyx  teeth  often  2 
mm.  long.  Conspicuous  as  are  the  extremes  among  the  forms  of  this 
species  there  is  every  gradation  in  all  the  chaiactcrs  in  the  same  soil 
and  locality.  This  variety  is  the  common  form  on  the  clay  slopes  and 
mesas  of  the  Navajo  Basin.  Coville's  plant  from  th«  Panamint  Mts. 
is  probably  something  else. 

Astragalus  amphioxys  var.  cymbellus  N.  Var.  I,ow  and  nearly 
acaulcscent  winter  annuals.  Leaflets  from  elliptical  and  acute  to 
broadly  obovate  and  strongly  apiculate.  3-6  pairs.  Flowers  large,  white 
or  pink-purple,  about  2  cm.  long,  narrow,  with  calyx  teeth  about  one 
fourth  as  long  as  the  tube.  Pedicels  short  and  stout.  Bract.s  lanceo- 
late, hyaline,  4-6  mm.  long.  Banner  oval.  Wings  linear  and  purple- 
lipped.  Pods  oblong  to  narrowly  so,  shortly  acuminate,  narrowed  and 
rounded  below,  about  2  cm  long,  and  8-LS  mm.  wide,  nearly  round 
when  fresh  or  a  little  oblate,  with  a  very  firm  and  woody  inner  wall 
and  a  very  soft  outer  pulp  which  is  transparent  and  nearly  2  mm.  wide. 
and  with  the  outer  skin  very  thin.  The  ventral  suture  extends  through 
the  pulp  a$  a  thin  ridge,  the  dorsal  suture  also  but  very  narrow.  The 
seeds  are  horizontal  and  the  cavity  smooth  within.  When  dry  the  pod 
is  deltoid  to  diamond-shaped  in  cross-section,  with  both  sutures  very 
much  raised  and  thickened  especially  the  ventral,  the  sides  being  very 
convex  along  the  middle.  At  maturity  and  when  very  dry  the  outer 
skin  splits  away  from  the  inner  along  the  ventral  suture  throughout 
and  becomes  explanate  giving  the  pod  an  oval  appearance.  The  pulp 
when  dry  is  often  represented  by  a  cellular  paper  like  that  of  a  hor- 
net's nest  which  fluffs  up  along  the  border  and  inside  of  the  very  thick 
sutural  rims.  The  seed  pedicels  run  through  to  the  outer  skin  and  ap- 
p«ar  as  teeth  on  the  rim.  Sutures  not  intruded.  Common  in  the  .San 
Rafael  Swell  and  the  western  side  of  the  Navajo  Basin  generally  on 
clay  slopes  and  benches.  It  connects  with  the  species  by  all  sorts  of 
intergracles.  The  ventral  ruture  varies  from  much  more  to  much  less 
convex  than  the  dorsal. 

175  As' ragalus  Ncwbcrryi  Gray  Proc.  .Am.  .A.cad.  12  55  (1876). 
The  type  of  the  .species  is  the  most  congested  and  starved  form,  and 
is  not  at  all  representative  of  its  normal  form  though  very  varinhle. 
Pods  nearly  2  cm.  long  and  1.5  cm.  wide,  ovate  to  laearly  globose,  con- 
Kpicuously  inflated,  quite  oblique,  often  a  little  sulcata  at  base  at  both 
futures  and  somewhat  obcompressed,  but  Ittsrally  if   at   all  flattened 


ai6 

above,  ending  in  a  short  and  conical  and  rather  upturned  beak,  cellu- 
lar-fleshy when  young,  coriaceous  when  dry,  deeplj  cordate  at  base, 
tresh  pods  almost  round  in  cross-section,  very  cellular  and  with  close- 
ly appressed  hairs,  young  pods  thin  and  rather  papery,  not  woody. 
\  eniral  suture  a  little  intruded  and  thin,  but  both  sutures  inconspicu- 
ous. Flowers  brilliant-dark-purple,  fading  to  bluish,  with  tips  darkest, 
about  2.5  cm.  long.  Banner  oval-ovate,  about  1.3  cm  long,  3  mm.  wide 
and  arcuate  to  about  3U  degrees  in  a  gentle  arc  from  calyx  tips,  wuli 
sides  retlcxed  a  little  in  the  middb;,  with  broad  groove  forming  about 
a  half  circle  and  3  mm.  wide  and  2  mm.  deep  then  widening  and  shal- 
lowing to  a  mere  groove  at  tip,  white  spot  reduced  to  half  a  dozen 
white  lines  low  down  on  each  side  of  the  mid-nerve  and  forming  an 
oblong  and  truncate  to  obco;  date  aiea.  Wings  a  little  darker  than 
banner,  linear  to  near  the  ear,  nearly  2  mm.  wide  and  I  cm.  long  and 
2-4  mm.  longer  than  keel,  concave  to  keel  and  horizontal  at  tip  as  in  \ 
amphioxys,  mostly  declined,  rounded,  much  narrower  than  the  keel 
and  with  tips  mostly  touching  and  one  of  them  not  flaring,  sometimes 
there  are  2  pairs  of  wings  to  a  flower.  Keel  narrow,  gently  arched 
beyond  the  middle  to  45  degrees  or  rarely  more,  wit  i  tip  much  roun- 
ded, about  2  mm.  wide  near  tip,  a  little  shorter  than  wings  xnd  4-6 
mm.  shorter  than  banner,  straight.  Calyx  reddish,  a  little  inflated  be- 
low and  narrowed  at  tip,  barely  flattened  laterally,  the  upper  side  a 
little  arched,  nearlj'  truncate  l)elow  and  only  a  little  obliciuely  inserted, 
about  1  cm  long  and  3-4  mm.  high,  v>hite  with  very  fine  and  rather  long 
and  loosely  appressed  hairs,  the  teeth  2-4  mm.  long,  subulate  and  lath- 
er lax.  Bracts  hyaline,  hairy,  subulate,  4-6  mm.  long,  twice  as  long  as 
the  stout  pedicels.  Peduncles  hardly  as  long  as  the  calyx  Un  the 
tj^pe),  very  stout,  even  the  flowers  not  exserted  beyond  the  leaves. 
Leaves  short,  rosulate.  many,  with  petioles  often  so  short  as  to  be  al- 
most undiscernible,  but  generally  conspicuous  and  longer  than  the  ra- 
chis  and  stout.  Leaflets  2-3  pairs,  obovate,  thick,  apiculate,  densely 
and  closely  appressed-hoary-hairy  with  fine  hairs,  shortly  petiolulate, 
contiguous,  5-10  mm.  long.  Stipules  ovate.  Acaulescent  plants  with 
very  thick  crowns  and  closely  imbricated  stipules,  forming  very  dense 
and  small  tufts,  short-lived  perennials  from  erect  roots  with  few- 
crowns.  Pubescence  soft  and  fine,  rather  long,  dense,  white,  shaggy 
on  the  pods,  with  slender  and  somewhat  flattened  and  warty  hairs. 
The  above  is  the  type  character  only.  It  is  a  very  variable  species, 
the  forms  being  due  to  shade  more  than  any  other  ecological  factor. 
It  (the  type)  grows  only  in  very  open  and  warm  places  where  the  soil 
is  inclined  to  be  clayey  and  poor.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  scarce 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  Navajo  Basin,  common  from  Richfield  to 
Marysvale  Utah  on  the  Sevier  and  over  to  Cove  Cr«ek  and  less  common 
to  Pioche  Nevada,  Peach  Springs  Arizona  and  eastward  to  the  Little 
Colorado. 

Astragalus  Purshii  X  Newberryi.  This  hybrid  has  narrowed  and 
curved  pods,  more  slender  petioles,  smaller  flowers,  and  rather  loose 
pubescence.     This  grows  on  the  Sevier. 

Astragalus  Purshii  X  Watsonianus.  This  has  the  leaf  and  pubes- 
cence characters  of  the  var.  Watsonianus  but  the  other  characters  of 
Purshii.     This  grows  in  eastern  Nevada. 

Astragalus  Newberryi  var,  Watsonianus  (Kunsze)  Jones  Cont.  1(1 
68  (19t)2).  Tragacantha  Watsoniana  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  942  (1891). 
A.  eriocarpus  Watson.  Watson's  typ^  is  an  over-developed  plant 
growing  in  the  shade  of  the  sagebrush,  in  which  the  peduncles  and 
leaves  were  relatively  much  elongated.  The  pod.s  are  cordate-ov<ate 
and  about  1  cm.  long,  with  lunate-half-oval  longitudinal-section  and 
semicircular  cross-section  below,  then  it  isabruptly  contracted  into  a 
stibconical  beak  half  as  long  as  the  body  and  which  is,  erect  and  very 
sharp,  the  pods  ai'«  shallow-sulcate  ventrally  at  base  and  somewhat 
but  not  conspicuously  inflated  as  in  the  type  species,  and  about  half  its 
size,  the  pubescence  about  2  mm.  long  and  spreading  at    right    angles 


217 

and  crisped  but  not  woolly.  Flowers  narrow  as  in  the  type,  blue-black 
when  dry,  about  3  cm.  long,  with  the  calyx  a  half  longer  than  the  blades 
and  rather  shaggy  and  with  the  soft  hairs  more  spreading  and  inclined 
to  be  nigrescent  ©r  black,  the  subulate  teeth  often  6  mm.  long,  the  flow- 
ers (about  5)  are  darker  and  with  much  deeper  red  than  the  pink-pur- 
ple of  A.  Utahensis  but  resemble  it  very  much  but  bloom  nearly  a 
month  earlier  and  at  the  same  time  as  A.  Purshii  which  is  very  early. 
Bracts  often  half  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Peduncles  and  leaves  about 
1-1.5  dm.  long.  Petioles  about  twice  as  lonvi  as  the  leaf-rachis.  Leaf- 
lets about  5  pairs,  nearly  oval,  acutish  at  bol'i  ends,  1-1.5  cm  long, 
greener  but  still  very  pubescent.  Crowns  (iM-.r,,;,  several,  3-7  cm.  long. 
ijy  the  side  of  these  in  the  open  and  witn',!ii  -li.ule  grow  forms  with 
all  kinds  of  variations  but  with  leaves  and  i);MiTincjes  short  or  pedun- 
cles and  petioles  almost  none  and  with  leaflet'-  reduced  in  number  and 
size.  Common  throughout  the  Great  Basin  f;  ..ni  the  base  of  the  Wa- 
sa  ch  to  the  Sierras  and  southward  to.  Owen's  \'ji!ey  and  the  southern 
i.anks  of  the  .Mogollons  of  Arizona,  grov.  inj  on  dry  benches  and  on 
slopes  in  the  sagebrush  and  junipers,  Lower  Teriperate  life  zone,  nev- 
er in  alkaline  soil  nor  on  poorly  drained  fhi.ts.  Tins  is  nearest  to  A. 
Utahensis  but  does  not  grow  with  it  and  is  i'oun;!  ;it  a  lower  elevation. 
It  and  A.  Purshii  grow  together  and  they  lr\  bridize  freely.  It  is  easily 
separable  from  it  by  the  coarse  pedicels,  str;iii;;htish  pubescence,  large 
flowers,  narrow  keel  and  much  wider  pods.  The  hybrids  are  easily 
recognized  and  do  not  seem  to  persist.  This  Ijlooms  about  10  days  be- 
fore A.  Purshii,  beginning  early  in  May  at  60DU  ft.  alt.  and  proportion- 
ally earlier  at  lov/er  elev.^tions. 

Astragalus  Ncwberryi  var.  castoreus  Jonc.?  Cont.  7  658  (1895). 
This  is  a  form  with  leaves  and  peduncle^  about  .s  cm.  long,  3  pairs  of 
leaflets  about  6  mm.  long,  elongated  petiole^-,  ni'^rescent  calyx,  purple 
tipped  flowers  about  2.5  cm.  long  with  keel  tip  nearly  erect  and  4  mm. 
high  and  much  less  rounded.  Pod.s  elongaledi-lanceolate,  about  3  cm. 
long  and  abruptly  bent  (about  one  third  the  ?<^a>  up)  to  an  erect  flat- 
tish  and  elongated  tip  twice  as  long  as  the  base.  Calyx  teeth  triangu- 
lar and  about  2-3  mm.  long.  This  grows  at  the  copper  mine  18  milci 
west  of  .St.  George  Utah,  a  very  rare  form.  No.  5006. 

Astragalus  Ncwberryi  X  Eurekensis.  This  is  a  very  rare  hybrid 
with  diamond-shaped  leaflets  1-2.5  cm.  long,  2-3  pairs,  minutely  and 
rather  sparsely  pubescent  with  closely  apprc-'sed  hairs,  slender  pedun- 
cles and  petioles  not  conspicuously  persistent,  the  former  shorter  than 
the  leaves  v/hich  are  5-S  mm.  long.  Pods  more  sparingly  hairy  and 
obliquelv-oblong-lanceolate  and  about  2  cm.  long.  Calyx  nigrescent. 
Flowers  purple-tipped.  Lake  Point  Utah,  No  1743,  May  29  1880.  An- 
other collection  much  like  it  is  from  Richfield  and  has  more  oblong 
leaves  and  obliquely-oval  and  sparsely  hairy  pods  about  the  shape  of 
A.  argophyllus.  One  would  expect  to  find  many  specimens  of  this 
hybrid,  but  the\'  are  very  rare. 

176  Astragalus  Eurekensis  Jones  Cont.  3  291  (1893)  and  8  12  ^1898) 
Pods  acu  ninate-ianccolate.  2-4  cm.  long,  about  8  mm.  wide  and  5  mm. 
high,  arcuate  in  the  middle  to  over  a  half-circle  generally,  notched  at 
base,  sulcate  ventrally  and  dorsally  at  base  and  toward  the  middle  till 
the  ventral  suture  touches  the  dorsal  making  the  cross-section  of  pods 
linear,  above  the  pods  are  laterally  compressed  toward  the  rather 
long  and  triangulir  tip,  with  pubescence  loosely  shaggy-silky  with 
rathar  long  hairs  v^fhich  do  not  conceal  the  brown  surface  of  the 
strongly  reticulated  pods  which  are  reddish  till  fully  ripe,  sutures 
raised  as  strong  ribs,  pods  with  base  horizontal  to  ascending,  a  liltle 
narrowed  below,  mostly  single  to  few  at  the  ends  of  the  slender  pe- 
duncles which  arc  decumbent  and  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Mowcrj 
cream-white  with  purple-tipped  keel,  apP'taring  lurid-white  when  dry. 
about  2.5  cm.  long,  narrow,  erect.  3-8.  Banner  elliptical  to  ovate  a«d 
abou'^  i  cm.  long,  strongly  notched,  gently  arched  bcyoncl  the  calyx  to 


218 

AS  degrees,  with  sides  reflexcd  at  base  about  1  mm.  wide  but  not  above, 
thick  and  rather  fleshy  below,  the  groeve  deep  and  half-round  and 
waterlined,  about  5  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  about  2  mm.  longer 
than  keel,  linear,  straight,  about  1  mm.  wide,  with  horizontal  tips. 
Keel  7-S  mm.  long,  about  3  mm.  wide,  strongly  incurved  from  near  the 
middle  to  erect  or  nearly  so  at  the  tip  which  is  blunt  and  rounded  and 
about  4  mm.  high.  Caly.K  nigrescent  with  appre?sed  black  and  spread- 
ing white  hairs,  with  tube  about  7-8  mm.  long,  a  little  inflated,  some- 
what narrowed  at  tip.  nearly  truncate  at  base  and  somewhat  obliquely 
inserted,  cieft  deeper  above,  about  3  mm.  high,  v/ith  pubescence  be- 
comins  shaggy  and  long  and  somewhat  spreading,  with  teeth  subulate, 
arcuate,  black  and  3  mm.  long.  Pedicels  very  short  and  stout,  much 
exceeded  by  the  triangular  spieading  bract.s  which  are  3-4  mm.  long. 
Peduncles  5-8  cm.  long,  slender,  brown  and  like  the  petioles  but  a  little 
thicker.  Leaves  many,  rosulate,  5-10  cm.  long,  not  very  narrow,  with 
petioles  about  as  long  as  the  rachis.  Leaflets  3-6  pairs,  oblong  to  nai- 
rowly  elliptical,  8-15  mm.  long,  rather  thin,  shortly  acute  at  both  ends 
but  sessile,  not  contiguous,  thinly  pubescent  with  closely  appres.'-ed 
but  rather  long  hairs,  the  whole  plant  with  a  kind  of  lead  color.  The 
crowns  are  mostly  single  and  thick  with  innumerable  old  and  brown 
leaf-petioles,  the  stipules  narrow  and  rarely  visible.  Acaulescent. 
Roots  slender,  very  long  and  erect.  This  very  distinct  species  rarely 
hybridizes  and  yet  is  a  close  relative  of  A.  Newberryi  but  has  a  much 
restricted  range.  It  grows  on  sagebrush  benches  in  the  foothills  un- 
der tlie  shade  of  the  bushes,  rarely  in  the  open  when  it  is  more  con- 
densed. Common  in  the  Oquirrh  Mts.  Utah  and  westward  to  Detroit 
but  not  yet  found  in  the  Deep  Creek  Mts..  southward  to  Cove  Fort, 
Cedar  City  and  Richfield,  eastward  from  Eureka  and  Silver  City  to 
Nephi,  but  not  yet  found  in  the  Wasatch.  Lower  Temperate  life 
zone,  in  well  drained  gravel  on  slopes.  This  was  referred  to  A.  Thomp- 
ponae  ("syrticolus")  by  Sheldon  but  it  has  little  in  common  with  it. 
It  blooms  in  May. 

177  Astragalus  coccincus  (Parry)  Brandegee  Zoe  2  72  (1890).  A. 
Purshii  var.  coccineus  Parry  West  Am.  Sci.  7  lO  (1890).  A.  grandiflo- 
rus  Watson  not  Bungc.  It  is  unfortunate  that  this  magificently  flow- 
ered species  cannot  retain  the  name  of  Watson  for  its  flowers  are 
comparable  only  by  the  yellowish  A.  giganteus  and  the  later  A.  fune- 
reus.  Pods  a  little"  inflated,  inclined  to  be  sulcate  below  the  middle  at 
both  sutures  and  obcompresscd,  the  cross-section  about  round  above, 
with  the  conical  tip  short  and  about  as  wide  as  high,  pods  about  3  cm. 
long  and  1  cm.  wide,  oblong,  a  little  wider  above  the  middle,  arched  so 
that  the  tip  is  erect  or  a  little  more  incurved,  the  base  truncate,  the 
sutures  neither  raised  nor  thickened,  the  walls  1  mm.  thick  when 
fresh,  and  full  of  pulp,  seeds  filling  the  cavity  which  is  hairy  within 
when  fresh  and  with  elliptical  cross-section  then.  Flowers  red,  very 
narrow  and  with  cxserted  claws  (vvhich  are  at  least  as  long  as  caly.xi 
and  narrow  blades,  the  whole  about  3  cm.  long.  Banner  elliptic-oval, 
about  1.5  cm.  long,  arched  about  10  degrees  in  very  gentle  arc  from 
calyx  teeth  to  7  mm.  beyond  where  the  groove  stops  and  then  straight 
to  the  tip,  the  sidc^  rc'lexed  about  4  mm.  wide  and  most  below  giving 
the  blade  an  oblon.g  appearance,  groove  obovate  and  not  over  7  mm. 
long,  narrowed  below,  the  cross-section  about  L^-shaped.  red-veined, 
it  stops  about  1  cm.  below  the  tip  and  then  becomes  a  inerc  line  to  tip 
which  is  flat  and  8-10  mm.  wide.  Wings  nearly  1.5  cm.  long  and  2 
mm.  wide,  about  parallel  with  the  upper  side  of  keel  and  straight,  a 
cute  on  tiie  lower  side  of  the  end,  the  ear  being  as  long  as  the  rest  of 
the  blade' and  extending  1  cm.  beyond  the  calyx  tube,  a  little  shorter 
than  the  keel.  Keel  Eomcwhat  obliquely  oblanceolate,  straight,  trian- 
gular-acute, 4  mm.  wide  near  the  end  and  with  the  tip  just  a  little 
above  the  middle  of  the  end,  about  as  long  as  banner.  The  petals  are 
much  like  those  of  Colutea.  Calyx  hardly  1  cm.  long,  about  3  mm. 
high,  the  cross-section  rather  triquetrous  with  upper  side  1  mm.    wide 


ai9 


and  the  lower  4  mm.  wide,  almost  straight,  the  lower  side  rarely  a  lit- 
tle concave!  narrowed  ami  cleft  deeper  above  at  the  end,  but  teeth  e- 
(]ual.  rather  truncate  and  eciually  inserted  on  the  very  short  and  stout 
pedicels,  red,  thinly  shaggy  with  fine  and  spreading  tangled  hairs,  as- 
cending in  flower  and  fruit.  Bracts  3-4  mm.  lon;^,  triangular,  white- 
shiiggy  so  as  to  be  concealed  by  the  hairs.  Peduncles  Z-Z  mm.  thick, 
coa'  scly  sulcale.  somewhat  curved  in  fruit.  Leaves  with  the  white- 
slKi^gy  petiou-  a'-  long  as  rachi.>,  the  petiole.-  and  peduncles  persist- 
iri;4  -iMig  and  closely  imbricated  below,  with  i!ie  rather  sina'!  stipules 
ciiui-ciKmI  by  the  shaggy  pubescence.  Leaflets  3-5  pairs,  ha'diy  1  cm. 
lung,  about  cMJiitical,  but  a  little  narrower  belov.  ,  acutish  at  !»oth  ends 
and  uitli  the  piilie-rcnce  short-shaggy  and  so;i 
crown.-  le  .V  and  oiten  5  cm.  wide,  longer  tha 
dense  mat  Z-A  dm.  wide  combined  with  the  mriny 
er  fleshy,  erect  and  long.  From  the  Panamirji: 
do  desert  south  of  the  Salton  Sink,  blooming  in  April.  The  stems  do 
not  seem  to  elongate  at  all,  being  reprcsentcil  hy  the  thick    crowns. 


'..hat  appre-sed.    The 

wide   and    forming  a 

leaves.     Roots  rath- 

.Mts.  to  the    Colora- 


Coiit.  12  li  ( 


178  Astragalus  funereus  Jone: 
ly  inflated,  about  5  cm.  long,  1.5  cm 
from  nearly  h.ilf-oval  to  lunate,  hoo 
a  little  concave  and  the  subulate  li,' 
3-4  time>  a>  long  as  wide,  norniil'.*    ' 
and  shallow-sulcate  at  least  ventiaii 
and  with  walls  having  scarcely  any   flesh    and    ;i 
<lry  and  with  canity  much   largei"    than    the    :  ec' 
Flowers    fcv,    piiik-iiur])le-tipi)cd.    bec''):ning    I: 
naturally  acid  )   w  lien  diy,  abom  _'  cm.  bmg,  wiili 

iiltic 


d  at  t! 


ith 


1008).  Pods  decided- 
liy-  to  ovate-oblong, 
id,  the  ventral  suture 
bout  45  degrees  and 
iicompressed  at  base 
, -section  nearly  round 
re  chartaceous  when 
Is  and  without  pulp, 
hiish  (and  therefore 
the  claws  not  e.vser- 
ted  and  about  a-  long  <\>  the  caJNx  or  a  iiltic  \\\o\-^.  Banner  oval-ovate 
and  about  1.5  cm.  ionj^  and  \.Z  cm  wide,  wit!:  side.s  reflcxed  5  mm. 
wide  in  the  middle  to  45  degrees  and  arcuate  in  gentle  arc  to  45  de- 
grees from  calyx  tip.  Groove  deeply  V-shaped,  fully  2  mm.  deep  and 
less  than  1  mm.  wide,  abruptly  widening  7  mm.  below  tip  of  banner, 
most  of  it  deep-purple  and  veined  with  white  on  the  edges,  the  white 
spot  being  present  as  a  narrow  band.  Wings  concave  to  keel,  3  mm. 
wide  at  l)a^e  to  the  middle  and  then  contracted  to  2  mm.  wide  4  mm. 
from  tiji,  very  blunt  and  rounded,  a  little  declined,  quite  as  long  as  keel. 
Keel  that  of  A.  coccineus  but  about  1  cm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide  and 
with  tip  4  mm.  high  and  a  little  arched  and  with  the  end  nearly  in 
line  with  the  upper  sifle  and  obtuse  and  rounded  barely  apiculate.  the 
gcner.'il  outline  being  luilf-oblanceolate.  The  general  character  of  the 
flowers  is  that  of  .A.  coccineus  but  shorter.  Calyx  tube  about  7  mm. 
long  and  3  mm.  high  and  nearly  as  wirle,  a  little  contracted  at  both 
ends,  nearly  eipially  in-erted,  the  upper  side  arched  a  little,  not  cleft 
deeper  above.  nit;re^'<Mil  -^hagg_\'  with  rather  long  and  sprearling  and 
very  fine  hairs,  ilraci-  deltoid,  hardly  3  mm.  long,  very  hairy  and  in- 
clined to  be  nigrescent.  Peduncles  very  stout,  about  3  mm.  thick  and 
5-7  cm.  lony,  arcuate,  with  5-10  flowers,  and  with  fruiting  rachis  1-5 
cm.  long.  Leaves  rarely  5  cm.  long,  with  slender  petioles  much  short- 
er than  their  rachis.  Leaflets  about  8  pairs,  oval  and  obtuse,  rarely  a 
little  obovate,  5-8  mm.  long,  rarely  1  cm.  long.  Pubescence  very  dense 
and  much  tangled  and  almost  woolly,  or  only  wavy,  but  much  tangled 
on  the  pods.  X'either  petioles  nor  peduncles  persisting  when  old. 
Young  plants  rathe;  acaulescent  but  older  ones  with  rather  slender 
and  knotted  stems  often  1  dm.  long,  and  with  internodes  longer  than 
the  deltoid  and  greeni>h  stipules,  and  about  as  thick  as  the  peduncles, 
white-hairy  and  prostrate.  The  plants  form  rather  large  mats.  The 
roots  are  thickened,  fleshy  an  short. d  Tt  bloom.s  early  in  April  on  clay 
ridges  at  Rhyolite  Nevada,  probably  in  the  Charleston  Mts.,  rare  at 
Tonopah,  and  Darwin  Cal. 


•^20 

179  Astragalus  Utahensis  (Torr.)  T.  &  G.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  2  120 
(1855).  I'haca  nioilissima  \ar.  Utahensis  Toit.  Stansb.  Rep.  385  t.  2 
0853).  Pods  narrowly  ul. long  but  .'O  long-woolly  as  to  seem  half- 
oval,  about  2  cm.  long,  uitl;  the  body  5-7  mm.  wide  but  appearing  1.5 
cm.  wide,  barely  3  mm.  hi^h,  with  the  rather  straightish  but  crinkled 
hairs  about  4  mm.  long  and  spreading  almost  at  right  angles.  When 
stripped  of  the  hair.<  tlie  pods  are  found  to  be  much  obcompresscd 
nearly  throughout  and  aiched  to  about  one  third  circle,  with  tip  very 
short  and  conical,  with  bo.h  sutures  strong  and  a  little  raised,  inclined 
to  be  broadly  sulcata  at  both  sutures,  with  acutish  base,  opening  a  little 
at  tip,  not  inflated,  and  with  seeds  hard  to  get  out  ;this  and  the  wool- 
Imess  being  admirable  adaptations  for  wide  distribution),  with  cross- 
section  oblong  to  reniform  and  narrow,  with  wall?  finely  cross-wrin- 
kled and  coriaceous  and  rather  thin  when  fresh  but  hard  and  with  the 
outer  wail  fleshy  and  1  mm.  thick  and  the  inner  one  woody,  pods  loose- 
ly attached  to  the  calyx,  ripe  seede  olive-colored.  Flowers  2-2.5  cm. 
long,  bluish-purple  when  dry  (therefore  acid  when  fresh),  about  half  a 
dozen  on  the  floral  rachis  which  even  in  fruit  is  seldom  as  long  as  the 
flowers.  Banner  1-1.5  cm.  long,  oval,  rather  deeply  notched,  with 
sides  reflexed  3-4  mm.  wide  below  the  middle,  rather  abruptly  arcuate 
to  30-45  degrees  just  beyond  the  calyx  tips  and  straight  to  the  tip.  the 
white  spot  broadl)'  cuneate  and  tridentate  or  with  a  single  acuminate 
tooth  from  the  center  of  the  rounded  or  truncate  end  and  beautifully 
veined  with  narrow  and  nearly  parallel  purple  lines  running  down  to 
the  base.  Wings  linear,  about  straight,  a  little  larger  above  and  roun- 
ded, nearly  twice  shorter  than  banner  and  horizontal  beyond,  2-5  mm. 
longer  than  keel,  rarely  2  mm.  wide.  Keel  narrow,  about  half-.'^patuhilc 
with  the  end  about  3  mm.  wide,  the  purple  tip  being  a  little  above  the 
middle  of  the  end  as  in  A.  coccineus  but  very  obtuse.  Calyx  a  litiie 
inflated  and  hyaline,  reddish,  with  tube  about  1  cm.  long,  3-6  rnm. 
wide,  a  little  narrowed  at  both  ends,  cleft  deeper  above,  the  sides  be- 
ing about  straight,  inserted  on  the  lower  corner  on  a  stout  pedicel  2-4 
mm.  long,  sparsely  woolly  and  rarely  nigrescent,  teeth  subulate  and 
about  3  mm.  long.  Bracts  narrowly  triangular,  very  thin  and  hyaline, 
5-10  mm.  long.  Peduncles  stout,  barely  as  long  as  the  leaves,  from 
1.5  dm.  long  to  very  short,  prostrate  in  fruit.  Leaves  narrow,  from  1 
dm.  long  to  a  few  centimeters  long  and  with  the  slender  petioles  shor- 
ter than  the  leaf-rachis.  Leaflets  about  contiguous,  about  8  pairs, 
softly  woolly  with  short  hairs,  normally  1  cm.  long,  but  in  condensed 
forms  hardly  3  mm.  long.  Stems  densely  matted,  often  forming  mas- 
ses 2  feet  in  diameter,  from  1  nm.  long  or  less  to  almost  acaulescent 
and  with  the  triangular  to  acuminate-lanceolate  stipules  imbricated  or 
concealed  in  the  white  wool,  elongated  in  the  shade.  This  species  is 
found  mostly  on  south  slopes  in  the  sagebrush  in  gravelly  places  from 
the  lower  part  of  the  Middle  Temperate  to  the  upper  part  of  the  Low- 
er Temperate  life  zone,  from  Beaverhead  Co.  Alont.  and  the  western 
part  of  the  Green  River  basin  W^yoming  to  the  southern  flanks  of  the 
Uintas  to  Price  Utah  and  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Wasatch,  and  west 
throughout  the  Great  Basin  to  the  Sierras,  southward  at  least  to  Alarys- 
vale  and  Fish  lake  Utah,  Osceola  and  Tonopah  Nevada,  southward  of 
the  latter  place  it  seems  to  be  replaced  by  A,  coccineus  and  funereus. 
It  is  common  as  far  west  as  the  East  Flumboldt  Mts.  Nevada.  It  be- 
gins to  bloom  in  early  summer  and  continues  till  frost.  The  pods  are 
like  a  pellet  of  wool  when  dry  and  blow  far,  scattering  the  seeds  wide- 
ly because  they  rattl*  out  so  slowlj'.  It  thrives  also  on  loose  and  dry 
sandy  soil.  Roots  erect  and  rather  fleshy  but  not  long.  This  is  the 
most  beautiful  flower  in  Utah. 

180  Astragalus  inflexus  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  151  1834 
Pods  1.5-3  cm.  long,  5-10  mm.  wide,  and  rarelj'  3  mm.  high,  lanceolate 
to  oval-ovate,  occasional  forms  occur  that  are  only  1  cm.  long,  from 
simply  hooked  at  tip  to  arcuate  nearly    to    a    circle,    sulcatc    ventrally 


221 

from  the  base  to  the  middle,  much  obcomieressed  till  the  cross-sec- 
tion is  nearly  that  of  the  figure  oo,  flattened  dorsally  to  broadly  sul- 
catc  in  the  middle,  with  sutures  not  intruded,  abruptly  rounded  (rarely 
acuminate)  at  base  and  with  a  boss-like  pseudo-stii)e  at  the  junction 
with  calyx,  coriaceous  when  dry  and  finely  corrugated,  when  fresh 
the  wall  is  1  mm.  thick  with  the  inner  part  woody  only,  pubescence  of 
l)ods  from  rather  sparse  and  rarely  1  mm.  long  but  spreading  to  dense 
and  sliaggy  and  woolly  and  4  mm.  long,  tip  of  pod  conspicuously  flat- 
toned  and  prow-lilce  and  deltoid  to  triangular-acuminate  and  longer 
than  wide,  nm-tl}"  ;.;rcen-cdged,  conspicuously'-  different  from  those  of 
A.  rt;ihcn-i-.  iii r.  i- -picate.  Flowers  brilliant-pink-purple,  about  i 
cm.  ion--,  in  1om-c  iic.ids  and  becoming  short-.-^picate  in  fruit.  Banner 
ovai  o\aU',  a  liltle  u\er  1  cm.  long.  Nvith  sidc«  refle.xed  about  3  mm. 
wide  below  llie  middle,  aliruptly  arched  just  lieyond  the  caly.x  tips  to 
4.^  degree-^  and  then  straight  to  the  tip,  inclined  to  appear  fiddle-like 
by  the  -ilc-  In-ing  reflexed  at  tip,  wjth  groove  deep  and  large  and  2 
mm.  wide  and  1  mm.  deep  at  keel-tip  and  then  vanishing  above,  white- 
spot  tan  shaped  and  filling  the  groove  and  coming  within  2  mm.  of  lip 
and  purple-veined.  Wings  linear,  entire,  concave  to  keel  and  with  tip 
horizontal  and  with  the  concave  side  up,  straight,  deep-purple,  about 
3  ;n;n.  longer  than  keel  and  4  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  aliout  5 
mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  arcuate  sharply  from  near  the  base  to  fully 
erect  at  the  rounded  tip.  Caly.K  tube  about  1  cm.  long.  4-5  mm.  wide, 
not  appearing  inflated,  cleft  a  little  deeper  above  and  with  base  a  little 
n  irrowed  and  inserted  on  the  lower  corner  at  the  fleshj'  end.  reddish 
and  thin,  sparsely  short-woolly,  teeth  3-6  mm.  long,  often  half  as  long 
a*  the  calyx  and  from  subulate  from  a  deltoid  base  to  filiform-tip])ed. 
i'.racts  ei|u,illy  variable  and  from  about  as  long  as  the  teeth  to  1  cm. 
1  )  ig.  Peduncles  stout  and  about  5-7  cm.  long.  Leaves  narrow,  7-10 
cm.  long,  the  petioles  rarely  over  twice  as  long  as  the  lowest  leaflet. 
I-ciHets  about  10  pairs,  mostly  contiguous,  broadlj'  to  narrowly  ellip- 
tic,!, aeuti^h  at  both  ends,  rarely  rounded  at  tip  and  somewhat  obo- 
\  ate.  about  1  cm.  long  when  fully  developed,  softly  silky-woolly  with 
mostly  rather  long  hairs.  .Stipules  elongated,  triangular-subulate. 
-Ste  n>  zigzag,  the  internodes  in  the  best  developed  forms  being  1-3 
cm  long  and  making  the  stems  1-2  ft.  long,  mostly  prostrate.  Stipules 
not  iml>ricated.  This  species  prefers  sandy  places  on  southern  slopes 
in  the  .Middle  and  Lower  Temperate  life  zones  in  the  Columbia  Basin. 
It  runs  up  the  .Missoula  at  least  to  Missoula  Mont,  and  seems  to  pass 
o\  er  the  Continental  Divide  to  Helena  though  most  of  the  higher  alti- 
tude forms  are  the  variety.  It  seems  also  to  reach  the  Great  Basin  on 
the  eastern  side  of  the  Sierras  in  northern  Nevada.  The  type  does  not 
see  n  to  reach  above  the  great  bend  of  the  Snake  river  at  Huntington 
though  puzzling  intergrades  do.      It  blooms  in  early  summer. 

Astragalus  inflexusvar.  glareosus  (Douglas)  Tones  Cont.  10  62 
(19')2).  -\  i;lareo.-us  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  1.S2  (1834). 
This  is  a  form  with  pods  inclined  to  be  hooked  at  tip,  w  itli  slencler  pe- 
duncle^ often  1  dm.  long  but  sometimes  very  short,  with  stems  so 
short  that  the  stipules  overlap  ojr  are  closely'  imbricated,  the  many 
leaves  with  leaflets  nearly  linear  to  narrowdy  elliptical  and  \  cry  acute 
at  both  ends  and  rather  distant  and  mostly  -sparsely  long  silkv-woo'Uy 
but  the  i)l,ints  still  with  a  greenish  look.  Throughout  the  Columbia 
drainage  hut  mo-;t  common  along  the  Snake  river  to  the  Yellowstone 
Park,  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  mostly.  Tliis  l^looms  in  .^i)ril  and 
May  and  gi'ows  in  the  sagebrush  on  well  drained  slopc'^  and  in  open 
valleye  but  not  in  alkaline  ground.  The  form  described  by  Xelson  as 
A.  nudisiliiiuu-^  had  old  pi^ds  where  decay  had  lo  isened  the  hair.s  on  the 
pods  which  ha<l  separated  from  the  skin  leaving  the  pods  smooth.  It 
often  occurs  late  in  the  season  in  .\.  Purse''  Utahensis  and  desperatus 
This  undoubtedly  hybridizes  with  A.  Pnrshii  for'uin-;  .Astragalus 
Purshii-x-glareosus,  which  has  more  haiiy  po.ls  and  ligliter  colored 
flowers. 


a23 

181  Astragalus  Purshii  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  152  (1834) 
This  is  a  very  variable  species.  The  type  pods  oblong-oval  to  broadly 
ovate  and  lunate,  very  obliciue  or  arched  at  least  toward  the  tip,  1.5-2 
cm.  long,  nearly  1  cm.  wide,  and  3-4  mm.  high,  with  cross-section  ren- 
iform,  sessile  and  rounded  at  base,  densely  short-woolly-shaggy  with 
short  hairs  rather  closely  felted  and  with  other  longer  hairs  which  are 
about  straight  and  2  mm.  long,  the  pubescence  mostly  concealing  the 
surface  but  not  the  shape,  or  pubescence  very  rarely  so  short  as  to 
show  the  close  and  rcliculated  corrugations,  broadly  sulcatc  ventrally 
below  and  decidedly  obcomprcssed  to  near  the  tip,  flattened  but  al- 
most never  sulcatc  dorsally,  rarely  arcuate  to  one  third  circle,  with 
both  sutures  thick  and  raised  externally,  with  tip  a  little  flattened 
when  dry  and  deltoid  and  hardly  as  long  as  wide  but  very  sharp  and 
most!)  erect,  jointed  to  the  calyx.  Green  pods  very  thick  but  grow- 
ing thinner  as  they  mature,  completely  filled  by  the  large  seeds  and 
cutting  like  wood.  Flowers  2  cm.  long,  dull-white,  with  purple  keel, 
appearing  a  little  yellowish  when  dry,  the  heads  a  little  elongated  and 
with  rachis  2-3  cm.  long,  but  with  its  internodes  shorter  than  the 
bracts.  Banner  broadly  elliptical,  about  1  cm.  long,  with  sides  refiexcd 
2-3  mm.  wide  in  the  middle  at  length,  rather  abruptly  arcuate  from  35- 
45  degrees  beyond  the  calyx,  tips  and  then  nearly  straight  to  the  end, 
fleshy  below,  waterlined  and  inclined  to  fiddle-shaped.  Groove  2 
mm.  wide  and  nearly  as  deep,  narrowed  and  deeper  below.  Wings 
linear  to  oblong,  abruptly  narrowed  beyond  the  ears,  about  1  mm. 
wide,  rounded,  a  little  arched,  2-3  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  nearly  as 
much  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  as  in  A.  inflcxus,  that  is,  the  erect 
part  as  long  as  base  and  abruptly  rounded  at  least  to  erect,  about  5 
mm.  long  from  the  lower  end  to  the  bend,  2  mm.  wide  in  the  middle 
and  1  mm.  wide  at  the  rounded  lip.  Calyx  tube  about  1  cm.  long  and 
3-5  mm.  wide,  inclined  to  be  a  little  inflated,  fleshy  at  base,  triangular- 
ly and  somewhat  obliquely  inserted,  with  upper  side  a  little  arched, 
softly  and  thinly  woolly,  with  the  teeth  variable,  but  about  half  as 
long  as  tube  and  triangular-subulate.  Pedicels  3-4  mm.  long.  Bracts 
linear-lanceolate  or  narrower,  about  1  cm.  long.  Peduncles  rather 
slender  but  variable  and  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  narrow,  5-8 
cm.  long,  rather  dull,  wiih  apprc-r-ed  leaflets  in  3-5  pairs,  with  petioles 
nearly  as  long  as  the  leaf-rachis.  Leaflets  rather  narrowly  elliptical, 
acute  at  both  ends  and  inclined  to  be  folded,  5-15  mm.  long,  sparsely 
long  silky-woolly  but  pubescence  rarely  dense  enough  to  conceal  the 
dark-green  surface,  somewhat  strongly  petiolulate  and  rather  distant 
Stems  prostrate,  slender  but  short  and  with  the  internodes  rarely  as 
long  as  the  acuminate  and  elongated  stipules.  Plants  forming  close  and 
rather  smallmats,  the  crowns  much  branched  and  with  rather  woody 
roots  which  are  erect,  shallow  and  slender.  This  species  abounds 
thio  g'loul  the  Columbia  IJasin  and  nearly  to  the  heads  of  all  its 
st  ca.ijs  as  far  up  as  the  middle  of  the  Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  also 
running  over  the  eastern  divide  to  the  Laramie  plains  and  probably  to 
Vlelcna  Mont.,  and  into  tiie  Great  liasin  in  northwestern  Nevada,  l)ut 
never  in  the  low  humidity  regions  ol  the  Great  ILisin.  This  applies  to 
type  only  as  to  distribulion.  • 

Astragalus  Purshii  var.  interior  N.  Var.  Thes  is  the  white-flow- 
ered form  of  the  Great  l'>asin  with  the  densely  matted  stems  forming 
thick  crOv.Mis  which  do  not  elongate,  f^eaves  rarely  5  cm.  long.  Tiie 
leaflets  6-8  pairs,  elliptical,  acutish,  5-8  nm.  long,  more  hoary  than  the 
tyi)e.  Flowers  1.5-2  cm.  long  and  with  narrow,  not  noticeably 
inflated  calyx.  Cah'x  teeth  a  third  to  a  (|uarter  as  long  as  the  tube. 
Bracts  and  pedicels  shorter.  Banner  liardly  longer  than  the  wings. 
Pods  rarely  over  1.5  cm,  long,  barely  more  than  oblique,  and  with  very 
shortand  inconspicuous  tip  mosMy  concealed  in  the  dense  wool  which 
generallj-  conceals  the  nhape  of  tlie  pods.  Wings  horizontal  at  tip. 
This  is  the  common  form  of  the  Inr.-  humidity  regions  of  the  Great 
P!ate.-iu  in  the  mountains  and  foothills  in  gravelly  or  rocky    soil    from 


Nortli  Park  Co'orru'o  to  Pnnguilcli  lake  Ul;!!i  aiu]  Pioche  X'cvy'a  and 
\sesi\vard  to  ilic  Sierras  and  noilhward  to  the  riui  of  the  Great  I'asin. 
It  grows  throu.qhout  the  Middle  Temperate  life  zone  and  far  down  in- 
to ihe  Lower.  It  reaches  an  a!t.  of  9U00  ft.  In  the  mountains  iv  pre- 
fers rocky  ridge^,  and  in  the  vallej's  grows  in  the  brush  on  gravelly 
slopes  but  not  in  the  shade.  It  is  one  of  the  earliest  bloomer*,  coining 
out  along  with  A.  Xewberryi.  a  month  earlier  than  A.  Utanen.'-i-  Oc- 
casionally the  flowers  are  tinged  with  pink  or  purple,  but  the  eiifiets 
are  not  obovate.  A.  consectus  Sheldon  is  an  intergrade  between  this 
and  the  variety  loiigilobus,  with  obovate  leaflets. 

Astragalus  Purshii  var  longilobus  Jones  Cont.  5  269  (1853  .  This 
is  a  form  with  the  brilliant  pink-purple  flovvcrs  of  A.  inflexus  but  the 
calyx  teeth  very  variable.  Stems  matted-acaulescent.  Caly.x  some- 
what inflated.  Peduncles  rather  stout  and  longer  than  the  leaves. 
Pubescence  loosely  long-woolly  and  not  matted.  Leaflets  hardly  1 
cm.  long,  oblong- obovate,  acute  or  obtuse,  about  5  pairs,  contiguous. 
Leaves  rarely  7  cm.  long.  Pods  those  of  the  type  and  densely  long- 
sliaggy  with  hairs  3-4  mm.  long.  Bracts  elongated.  Intergrading 
forms  occur  w  ith  shorter  caly.x  teeth,  white  flowers,  and  the  narrow 
leaves  of  Pir-'-liii  This  is  the  most  common  form  from  the  Charleston 
mountains  Nevada  to  the  .San  P>ernardinos  and  Owen's  valley  of  Cali- 
fornia arid  Hawthorne  Nevada.  It  is  readily  mistaken  for  A  infle.xus 
but  is  stemless  and  with  the  long  peduncles  and  the  very  shaggy  pods 
of  A.  Purshii  and  with  its  short  keel. 

Astragalus  Purshii  var.  leucolobus  Jones  Cont.  5  270  (1893)  and 
1(1  61  (191)2).  This  is  a  much  branched  and  short--temmed  form  with 
the  internodes  barely  as  long  as  the  stipules.  Peduncles  longer  than 
the  lea\es.  Bracts  and  calyx  teeth  as  in  A.  Utahensis,  relatively  short. 
Calyx  inflated,  broadiy-oblong,  and  with  the  teeth  hardly  1  cm.  long, 
truncate  below  and  inserted  on  the  lower  corner,  loosely  long-woolly 
as  in  A.  inflexus.  Flowers  purple,  stubby,  hardly  1.5  Cm.  long,  blades 
nearly  equal.  Leaves  3-7  cm.  long.  Leaflets  about  6  pairs,  oval  to 
obovate,  rounded,  rarely  acutish,  mostly  hardly  5  mm.  long,  though 
sometimes  1  cm.  long  and  obovate.  Pods  oblong,  conspicuously  fal- 
cate, with  short  and  felted  wool  hardly  1  mm.  long,  aboiit  1.5  cm.  long, 
with  a  long  and  subulate  beak  from  an  abruptly  contracted  base.  This 
.-ippears  very  distinct  but  it  intergrades  with  the  above.  It  is  the  pre- 
vailing form  on  the  western  side  of  the  Sierras  and  San  Bernardinos. 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

Astragalus  Purshii  var.  tinctus  Jones  Cont.  5  269  (1893).  This  is 
a  form  with  loosely  branche(l  but  densely  caespitosc  and  slender  stems 
sometimes  a  foot  long  but  the  season's  growth  rarely  1  dm  long,  the 
internodes  rarely  as  long  as  the  stipules  and  white-woolly.  Pedun- 
cles about  as  long  as  the  leaves.  Flowers  about  2  cm.  long,  purple, 
about  as  in  .\.  Utahensis  but  with  the  keel  of  Purshii.  Pod.%  broadly 
ovate  to  broadly  oblong,  a  little  arched,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  a  little  sulcate 
ventrally,  densely  long-woolly  as  in  A.  Utahensis.  Leaves  rarely  1 
dm.  long.  Leaflets  about  4  (3-6)  pairs,  oblong-obovate  and  apiculate. 
about  1  cm.  long.  Calyx  teeth  normally  subulate  and  half  as  long  as 
the  tube  and  the  subulate  bracts  1  ciu.  long,  but  teeth  twice  as  short. 
This  intergrades  with  the  vars.  longilobus  and  lectuUis.  It  is  the 
common  form  of  the  northern  Sierras  on  both  sides  in  the  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone  and  running  up  a  little  into  the  Upper,  among 
rocks  and  gravel  in  open  places.  Most  common  at  Soda  Spring  near 
Summit  Nevada  Co.  Cal.  and  Carson  City  Nevada,  a  form  intergrad- 
ing with  this  and  A.  Purshii  grows  at  Tehachapi.  This  variety  extends 
northward  at  least  to  Goose  lake. 

Astragalus  Purshii  var.  lectulus  (Watson)  Tones  Cont.  10  61  (1902) 
A.  lectulus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  .\cad.  22  471  (1887).  This  is  the  most 
reduced  and  remarkable  form  with  the  straggling  stems  of  the  var. 
tinctus,  and  white-wooliy  but  still    more    slender   and    forming  loose 


2?4 

mats.  Peduncles  slender,  from  almost  none  to  1-2  cm.  long,  about  3- 
ilowered.  Flowers  purple,  about  1  cm.  long,  the  blades  hardly  5  mm. 
long.  Caly.K  teeth  very  variable  but  bracts  and  stipules  elongated^  the 
tube  about  5  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  wide.  Pods  broadly  ovate,  only'  ob- 
tuse, from  7  mm.  long  and  lanceolate  to  arched  into  a  circle  and  1  cm. 
long,  forming  either  a  dense  mass  of  wool  or  shortly  and  closely 
lekcd.  Leaves  nearly  3  cm.  long,  with  petiole  mostly  longer  than  the 
racliis.  Leaflets  about  3  pairs,  closely  contiguous,  cuneate-obovate, 
rounded  and  obtuse  to  apiculate,  about  1  cm.  long.  This  grows  from 
r>ear  valley  in  the  San  Bernarrlinos  to  Crook  Co.  Oregon  and  along 
the  eastern  slope  of  the  Sierras,  in  gravel  and  sand,  Middle  Temperate 
life  zone. 


nb 


19  MALACI. 

Pods  narrowly  oblong  to  nearly  linear,  partly  to  wholly  2- 
celled,  inclined  to  be  fleshy,  not  inflated,  rather  laterally  flatten- 
ed to  conspicuously  oljcompressed,  pubescent  but  never  woolly, 
smooth  in  A.  succumbens,  sessile,  2.5-7  cm.  long,  mostly  reddish 
and  racemose,  capitate  in  the  A,  Parryi  group.  Stems  tufted, 
erect,  spreading,  with  few  internodes  but  never  aeaulescent.  Pe- 
duncles about  terminal.  Calyx  teeth  and  bracts  inclined  to  be 
lax  and  long.  Flowers  large,  about  2  cm.  long.  Calyx  cylindri- 
cal and  with  teeth  over  half  tlie  whole.  Petals  broad,  short- 
clawed.  Leaves  long  and  narrow,  with  many  large,  broad  and 
obtuse  to  barely  apiculate  leaflets,  and  large  and  hyaline  stipules 
which  are  not  couiuito  above.  Perennials,  except  A.  succum- 
bens, not  woody.  Pubescence  of  leaves  shaggy,  puberulent  and 
only  ashy  in  A.  ensiformis,  and  silvery  and  appres?ed  in  A. 
Layneae.  The  sections  of  this  group  though  loosely  related  are 
nearer  to  eachother  than  to  other  groups. 

KEY. 

A.  Flowers  capitate,  few,  white.  Calyx  almost  as  wide  as  long.  The 
pods  linear-lanceolate,  much  obcompressed,  sulcate  dorsally,  acumi- 
nate, very  fleshy,  cartilaginous  when  dry,  about  3  cm.  long  and  5  mm. 
wide.  Plants  densely  pubescent.  Compare  this  group  with  the  Sar- 
cocarpi. 

Pods  not  2-celled,  shaggy.  182  Farr}i. 

Pods  2-celled,  pu  erulent.  183  Feensis. 

2A.  Flowers  shortly  racemose  and  few.  Pods  broadly  linear,  round 
in  cross-section  when  fresh,  not  sulcate,  apiculate,  3-5  cm.  long,  pu- 
berulent, reddish.  Plants  only  pubsrulent,  wii^h  the  habit  of  A.  ciba- 
rius. 

I  "■4  ensiformis. 
3A.  Flowers  racemose,  rather  many.  Pods  acuminate,  often  sulcate, 
seldom  fleshy,  3-7  cm  Ion?,  mostly  pubescent.  Plants  strongly  pu- 
bescent. Leaflets  from  about  oval  to  obovate  and  very  obtuse,  and 
very  pubescent.     Stipules  large,  narrow  and  acuminate. 

Pods  much  Literally  flattened,  not  long-acuminate,  6-8  mm.  high,  shaggy. 

Flowers  pink-purj)le.     Pubescence  shaggy.  185  malacus. 

Pods  not  laterally  flattened,  long-acuminate,  not  over  3  mm.  high,  not 
shaggy.     Flowers  white  with  purple  tips.     Pubescence  not  shaggy. 

186  Layneae. 
4A.  Pods  linear,  not  acuminate,  arcuate,  much  laterally  flattened  and 
with  concav»  sides,  deeply  sulcate  dorsally  and  2-celled,  the  ventral 
suture  raised  as  a  thin  wing,  sessile  and  jointed  to  the  calyx,  papery, 
not  inflated.  Flowers  about  2  cm.  lon°:,  in  short  spikes.  Pubescence 
loose,  rather  coarse,  of  hairs  taperin<?  from  a  pustulate  base.  Winter 
annuals  of  the  Columbia  Basin.        Succumbentes. 

187  succumbens. 


226 

182  Astragalus  Parryi  Gray  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  Ser  2  33  410  (1862). 
Pods  broatliy  sulcate  ventrally,  and  narrowly  and  deeply  so  dorsally, 
much  obcompressed  and  with  dorsal  suture  a  little  produced,  falcate 
to  a  lialf  circle  often,  with  cross-section  about  reniform  or  obcom- 
pressd  to  that  of  the  figure  co,  finely  longitudinally-  and  cross-lined, 
\vith  walls  1-2  mm.  thick  when  fresh,  densely  short-hoary  when  young 
and  long-shaggy  when  old.  Flowers  6-10,  1.5  cm.  long,  wide.  Ban- 
ner about  renitorm  and  deeply  notched,  about  1  cm.  long,  with  very 
short  claw,  abruptly  arcuate  at  end  of  calyx  tube  to  nearly  erect,  the 
sides  much  reflexed  below  to  3-4  mm.  wide,  finely  and  faintly  purple- 
lined  with  branching  veins.  Wings  oblanceolate  and  much  rounded, 
about  3  mm.  wide  at  tips,  sometimes  arched  to  nearly  erect,  often 
tinged  with  purple,  a  little  longer  than  the  keel.  2-6  mm.  shorter  than 
banner.  Keel  about  7  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  abruptly  arcuate  to 
e/ect  and  with  rounded  tip  which  is  3  mm.  wide  and  with  a  purple  spot 
at  the  very  end.  Calyx  tube  7-8  mm.  long,  4-7  mm.  wide,  a  little  infla- 
ted,, inclined  to  be  a  little  spurred  above  at  the  end  and  quite  oblicjue 
but  attached  near  the  middle  of  the  fleshy  end,  papery,  long  shaggy- 
hairy,  mostly  whitish  but  sometimes  nigrescent,  with  subulate  teeth 
about  as  long  as  tube  and  rather  lax.  Pedicels  stout  in  fruit,  3-4  mm. 
long,  ascending.  Bracts  green  and  hyaline,  4-10  mm.  long,  triangular. 
Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  rarely  1  dm.  long.  Leaves  5  cm.  to 
2  dm.  long,  the  lowest  very  much  reduced,  and  with  very  small  round, 
and  often- notcht  d  leaflets,  the  uppermost  leaves  with  elliptical  leaf- 
lets 1-1.5  cm.  long  and  apiculate  to  retu  e.  Petio'es  rarely  a  third  the 
whole,  tapering  as  w-ell  as  the  long  rachis.  Leaflets  rather  distant, 
10-12  pairs,  nearly  smooth  above,  long-shajgy-hairy  below,  but  pubes- 
cence sparse  except  on  young  parts  or  on  plants  growing  in  specially 
dry  places.  Upper  stipules  triangular  and  about  1  cm.  long,  green  or 
hyaline  below,  the  lower  ones  short  and  wide.  Stems  rather  thick  and 
succulent,  often  a  foot  long  and  with  slender  internodes,  spreading 
from  a  rather  much  branched  and  woody  crown.  This  grows  among 
rocks  in  rather  moist  canons  and  blooms  in  late  May  and  June.  Mid- 
dle Temperate  life  zone.  F'rom  southern  Wyoming  on  the  headwaters 
of  the  Platte  to  central  Colorado  and  the  Sangre  de  Christo  range  on 
the  .Atlantic  slope  only,  a  species  of  very  limited  extent. 

183  Astragalus  Feensis  Jones  Cont.  8  20  (1898).  Pods  about  3 
mm,  wide,  and  high,  minutely  puberulent,  with  cross-section  triangu- 
lar-cordate, witji  dorsal  suture  sulcate  and  intruded  fully  to  the  veniral 
as  a  white  partition.  Flowers  unknown.  Calyx  tube  about  4-5  mm. 
long,  teeth  shortly  pubescent,  triangular,  much  shorter  than  the  tube. 
Bracts  minute.  Pedicels  very  short.  Peduncles  slender,  about  7  cm. 
long  and  about  as  long  as  the  leaves  or  more.  Leaves  about  5  cm. 
long,  many,  with  petioles  fully  as  long  as  the  rachis.  Leaflets  7-8 
pairs,  oval,  5-7  mm.  long,  rounded  to  notched,  densely  appre'^sed- 
hairy.  Old  leaf-petiole*  persistent.  Stems  tufted,  very  short.  Whole 
plant  densely  appres.=  ed-hairy.  This  was  collected  onlv  by  Fendler, 
No.  151,  on  gravelly  hills  at  Santa  Fe  .Vi.v  Me.^ico,  May  28  1847. 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

184  Astragalus  ensiformis  Jones  Cont.  7  658  (1895). P  ods  about  6 
mm.  high,  and  3  mm.  wide  when  fresh,  but  much  laterally  flattened 
when  dry,  fresh  walls  1  mm.  thick  and  soft  and  a  little  sulcate  on  the 
ventral  but  not  on  the  dorsal  side,  when  dry  both  sutures  are  raised 
and  thick  making  the  reflexed  pod.s  appear  vetch-like.  Pods  arched 
to  one  third  circle,  abruptly  contracted  but  obtsue  at  both  ends,  the 
stout  mucro  at  tip  an  extension  of  the  ventral  suture,  dorsal  .suture 
produced  as  a  thin  partition  and  reaching  almost  to  the  ventral,  fresh 
cross-section  cordate-ovate,  cavity  filled  by  the  seeds.  Flowers  like 
those  of  A.  cibarius.  Pedicels  short.  Bracts  ovate,  about  3  mm.  long. 
Peduncles  about  1  dm.  long,  rather  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves 
few  on  the  short  stems,  about  1.5  dm.  long.  Leaflets  6-8  pairs,  green, 
oval  to  oblong,    1-1.5    cm.   long,   obtuse,   almost   contiguous,    smooth 


a27 


above  and  hoary  below  as  also  are  the  stems.  Stipules  large  aiid  very- 
wide,  veined,  smooth,  nearly  1  cm.  long,  sheathing  below.  Stems  few 
prostrate  to  ascending,  slender,  hardly  1  dm.  long.  Peduncles  and 
petioles  with  white,  short,  narrow  hairs  closely  appre.«sed.  This  was 
found  growing  among  the  junipers  and  pinons  at  the  head  of  the 
Grand  Wash  south  (and  a  little  west)  of  St.  George  (Utah)  in  Arizona 
on  the  gravelly  mesa.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  It  so  closely  re- 
sembled A.  cibarius  that  I  only  collected  a  few  specimens  to  show  the 
locality.  This  place  was  above  Pagumpa,  the  Wash  joins  the  Colora- 
do at  the  abandoned  Pierce"s  bcrrv. 

185  Astragalus  malacus  Gray  Proc  Am.  Acad.  7  3?,6  (!S68).  Pods 
3:>  cm.  long,  shortly  stipicate,  much  laterally  flattened,  about  7-8  mm. 
high  and  2  mm.  wide,  chartacenus  and  but  little  fleshy,  nearly  straight 
to  strongly  arcuate, *2-celledexce,;t  at  very  tip  by  a  hyaline  partition, 
but  sulcate  ventrally,  and  vvitli  that  -iitnre  rather  thick  and'  raised, 
narrowly  sulcate  dorsally  to  the  tii-i.  j'  '.-'>■  --haggy  with  hairs  1-3 
mm.  long  which  are  spreading  at  a  ri-l:;  an.-iie,  n-^ually  mottled  on  the 
surface,  with  cross-section  linear-triarjgular,  rather  abruptly  acumi- 
nate at  tip  into  a  flat  and  vpcnrvecl  beak  which  varies  from  several 
times  longer  than  wide  or  shorter  or  sometimes  even  deltoid,  at  other 
times  with  very  long  and  subulate  beak,  papery  when  dry,  densely  set. 
Flowers  about  2  cm.  long,  pink-purple  on  the  blades,  .-^preiding  and 
rather  densely  spicate.  Banner  oblanceolate.  7-10  mm.  long,  abruptly 
arched  beyond  the  calyx  teetli  to  30-45  degrees,  with  sides  reflexed  1 
mm.  wide  in  the  middle,  about  ?>  mm  longer  than  keel,  white  spot  large, 
purple-veined.  Wings  linear,  barely  longer  than  keel,  somewhat  ar- 
cuate, about  1  mm.  wide,  and  with  rounded  and  horizontal  tips.  Keel 
about  5  mm,  long,  with  straight  base  and  then  abruptly  arclied  to 
erect,  3  mm.  high,  with  tip  blunt  and  rounded  or  truncate.  Calyx  tube 
about  7  mm.  long,  with  sides  about  straight,  almost  truncate  at  base 
and  thick  and  rathei  obljriuely  inserted,  very  thin,  nigrescent,  and 
shaggy  with  long  and  spreading  hairs,  cflet  deeper  above,  laterally  flat- 
tened. Calyx  teeth  subulate,  about  2-4  mm.  long.  Pedicels  almost 
none.  Bracts  subulate-lanceolate,  from  half  to  nearly  as  long  as  the 
calyx,  hyaline,  long-fringed.  Peduncles  stout,  about  1  dm.  long  and 
hardly  as  long  as  the  leaves,  the  floral  rachis  so  short  at  first  as  to  put 
the  flowers  in  heads  and  then  elongating  with  age.  Leaves  1-2  dm. 
long,  with  stout  and  tapering  petiole*  and  rachis,  the  latter  the  longer. 
Leaflets  7-10  pairs,  ellij/tical  to  oval,  1-2  cm.  long,  green  or  dark,  with 
long  and  shaggy  spreading  hairs  like  the  stems,  peduncles  and  calyx, 
with  fine  hairs  which  are  somewhat  flattened  and  twisted  and  from  an 
enlarged  base.  Stipules  very  thin  and  hyaline  and  green-veined,  trian- 
gular-acuminate, 1-1.5  cm.  long,  adnate.  not  connate.  Proper  stems 
rarely  a  foot  long,  with  few  internodes,  the  upper  one  rarely  8  cm.  long, 
tufted  from  the  few  and  woody  crowns.  Pubescence  variable  from 
1-3  mm.  long.  Plants  growing  in  good  gravelly  soil  on  benches  in  the 
sagebrush,  I^ower  Temperate  life  zone,  throughout  the  western  part 
of  the  Great  Basin  and  southward  to  the  Mojave  desert,  northward  to 
the  rim  of  the  Basin  and  Stein's  Mt.,  eastward  but  a  short  distance 
from  the  base  of  the  Sierras,  Owen's  valley  Candelaria  Nevada  and  the 
Blue  Mts  Oregon,  and  up  the  Snake  river  in  the  Columbia  Basin  from 
Huntington  to  Glenn's  Kerry. 

Astragalus  malacus  var.  cbfalcEtus  (Xclson).  A.  obfalcatus  Nel- 
son Bot.  Gaz.  54  -111  (1912).  This  is  a  robust  form  (hardly  de-c'\ir.g 
varietal  rank)  with  much  larger  leaves.  Pods  falcate,  3-4  cm.  long, 
6-8  mm.  h  igh.  3-4  mm.  wide,  long-ncuminate.  Calyx  lobes  about  as 
long  as  tube.  F>racts  with  long  and  capillary  tijis.  Leaflets  2  cm. 
long.  Plants  about  a  foot  high.  Intcrgrades  also  occur.  Lioml'use 
to  Huntington.  This  was  first  found  by  Cleburne  at  Weiser  in  1883, 
then  by  myself  there  and  at  Glend's  Ferry  about  1903. 


'Z2i 

185  Astragalus  Layneae  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  156  (1885). 
Pods  3-5  cm.  long,  arched  even  to  a  ciride  at  times,  long-acuminate, 
narrowed  below  and  short-stipitate,  when  fresh,  somewhat  fleshy,  with 
walls  1  mm.  thick  and  with  cross-section  about  reniiorm,  when  dry  the 
pod.s  are  triquetrous  and  very  broadly  sulcate  dorsally  from  the  base 
toward  the  tip  but  conspicuously  flattened  laterally  above,  the  dorsal 
suture  intruded  about  half  way  but  not  as  a  thin  partition,  being  simply 
unchanged  sides  of  the  sulcus  united  for  a  space  1-2  mm.  wide,  to  the 
middle  at  least,  where  the  pods  arc  1-celled  to  the  tip.  pods  mottled, 
shortly  and  thinly  apprc-sed-hairy,  to  almost  smooth,  with  ventral 
suture  raised  and  thin  externally,  sometimes  the  pods  are  completely 
cumpressed  and  with  linear  cross-section,  they  are  then  very  falcate. 
they  arc  reflexed  or  ascending.  Flowers  conspicuously  white  and  with 
oiuy  the  tips  purple,  1.5  cm.  long,  racemose,  many,  rather  stubby 
Banner  mostly  white,  about  7  mm.  long,  oval-ovate,  with  sides  reflexed 
3  mm.  wide  below,  abruptly  arcuate  to  45  degrees  just  beyond  calyx, 
with  sides  refleN.ed  to  the  tip  making  the  blade  appear  triangular,  the 
very  tip  purple  or  purple-veined,  white  spot  obcordate  and  striate,  the 
groove  V-shaped  and  2  mm.  deep  and  reaching  the  tip.  Wings  linear- 
cuneate,  a  little  over  2  mm.  wide,  at  tip,  rounded,  straight  or  a  little 
arcuate,  concave  to  keel,  with  tips  meeting,  about  half  as  wide  as  keel, 
purple  3  mm.  back  from  tip.  Keel  straight,  about  5  mm.  long,  abrupt- 
ly erect  and  3  mm.  high,  the  tip  dark  and  deltoid.  Calyx  almost  cam- 
panulate,  hardly  5  mm  long  and  4  mm.  wide,  the  upper  side  arched  and 
the  lower  straight,  truncate  below  and  inserted  near  the  corner  on  a 
very  short  and  stout  pedicel,  dark  with  short  and  appressed  hairs,  thin, 
with  teeth  black,  triangular  and  about  1  mm.  long.  Bracts  ovate  to 
ovate-lanceolate,  barely  4  mm.  long,  sparsely  hairy  above.  Peduncles 
stout  and  strict,  from  shorter  than  the  leaves  to  much  longer,  1-3  dm. 
long  and  with  the  floral  rachis  nearly  as  much  more,  l^eaves  with 
short  petioles  which  are  about  a  third  the  whole  and  stout  but  taper- 
ing but  little.  Leaflets  about  6-8  pairs,  hardly  contiguous,  oval,  about 
1  cm.  long,  long-petiolulate,  sometimes  notched,  rather  closely  ap- 
pressed-puberulent  with  tangled  and  long  hairs  and  inclined  to  be  sil- 
very. .Stipules  deltoid  or  very  broad,  rarely  1  cm.  long.  Proper  stems 
from  almost. none  to  a  foot  long,  very  zigzag  (that  is  bent  abruptly  at 
each  node,  in  distinction  from  flexuous  which  can  mean  bent  between 
the  nodes),  with  internodes  rarely  2  cm.  long,  several  from  slender 
root-branches.  Leaves  mostly  flat  on  the  ground.  This  grows  on  the 
gravelly  desert  benches  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life 
zone,  blooming  in  April,  and  seeming  to  thrive  best  in  rather  sandy 
places.  From  Chloride  .Arizona  to  .Amargosa  desert  and  westward  to 
the  Sierras. 

Astragalus  amphioxys  x  Layneae.  This  is  a  hybrid  occurring  on 
the  eastern  border  where  it  has  the  pods  of  .A.,  amhioxys  but  either 
wholl}  1-cclled  or  jxirtly  so  and  more  fleshy  than  Layneae,  and  with 
the  leaves  and  flowers  of  that  species. 

Astragalus  malacus  x  Layneae.  This  is  a  rare  hybrid  on  the  wes- 
tern border  with  the  flowers  and  pubescence  of  A.  Layneae,  and  pods 
var3ing  toward  A.  amphio.xys. 

187  Astragalus  succumbens  Douglas  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  151 
(1834).  Pods  about  4  cm.  long.  5  mm.  high,  and  2  mm.  wide,  w^ith  the 
cross-section  linear-triquetrous,  ascending  (but  the  calyx  nearly  hori- 
zontal), arched  to  about  one  third  circle,  splitting  the  calyx,  main-, 
spicate,  delicately  cross-nerved,  with  declined  and  short  tip.  Flowers 
ascending,  nearly  white  and  with  jiink-purple  base.  Banner  oblong- 
ovate,  about  8-10  mm.  long  and  7  mm.  wide,  very  deeply  notched  and 
water-lined,  with  sides  not  reflexed,  gently  arcuate  at  calyx  tips  to 
erect,  groove  U-shaped  below  and  widening  to  nothing  above  and  fil- 
ling about  one  tihrd  of  the  banner.  Wings  almost  straight,  as  long 
as  banner  and  very  conspicuous.  3-4  mm.  wide,  rounded,  lacerate  at  tip. 


329 


hali-linear-elliptical,  convex  to  keel  at  base,  then  a  little  flaring,  white 
but  pink-tinged,  6  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  oblong,  about  S  mm,  long, 
2  mm.  high  below  and  with  large  ear,  a  little  higher  at  tip  and  3  mm. 
high,  the  base  straight  nearly  to  the  end  and  then  sliariily  rounded  to 
erect,  the  very  tip  a  little  outwardly  turned  and  li; 
purple  at  tip,  wings  and  banner  transparent  ■• 
inflated,  much  laterally  flattened.  \\  ith  strai 
little,  clcfi  (Irci'rr  :.l).)\-e.  . 
id   lleshv  •■  ■  ■ 


per 
nea 


hed 


din,u-l 


green  and  ratliei   ii.:n;  .imi  'a;iii  I  ' 

ing,  not  connate,  the  lowest  delt.^ 
axUlary  about  5  cm.  long,  si)reaii, 
longer.     Leaves  hardly  1  dm  ionj;,  n.: 
oles  and  tapering  rachis.   Leaflets  (5  8   : 
rowly  obovate,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  rou.nd<   , 
but  really  of  short-shaggy,  fine,  .-inci. 
l)ranched  below,  very  zigzag,  from  -!■  v 
the  central  one  erect  or  nearly  so,  tlio     , 
ground.     This  grows  in  sand  and  on  rocky  liill   ^ 
the  Columbia  Basin  near  Walla  Walla,  Umatilla. 
ported  from  Baker  City,     Tow^r    1".:'mperatc   lif 
June.     This  uniijiu-  plant  :!'   lii-i   i  :■  ^Ji  t  appear- 
Galegiformes  than  any  olhii,  .iml  -^ninccting  tli; 
mosi,  the  pods  very  much  -u.u;,m.',-l!  ii.g  that  on  a  k 


l)ar<l\    obtus.e,    deep- 

.  iiiidrical,a  little 

id    with  the    up- 

:  -c  and  inserted 

'■,    ^parsclv    antl 

pnd<-tinted    a- 

'  i  ■    nnular    and 

i.,     •;?    falcate, 

iniilar  but 

■    I'-;,    spre.ad- 

-';m  des    stout, 

'  lii.s    a    little 

■\  nil  .short  peti- 

diovate  to  nar- 

,"    iring  as  if  ashj' 

f'lie  st.emsare  much 

it,  rarely  4  dm.  long, 

-^   nearly    flat    on    the 

des   ill    1  lie  cenfcM-    pf 

Kli(d<itat,    and    i^   re- 

■    /one,    blooming    in 

nior(.  I  rl.ited  to    the 

t  :^i.iiii'  u  ilh  the  Ma- 


th i 


;roup  plant  is  an  offslioot  of  the  Alalgci, 


lit-,  but  clearly 


20  MOLLI881MI. 


Densely  tufted  perennials  of  dry  plains,  mostly  with  scapose 
peduncles,  with  pods  nearly  "^-celled  except  at  tip,  with  walls  ra- 
ther fleshy  to  coriaceous,  pods  inclined  to  be  somewhat  inflated, 
witli  cross-section  cylindrical  to  a  little  obcompressed,  rather  sul- 
cate  ventrally,m(.8tly  straight,  oval  to  oblong  or  rarely  broadly 
linear,  never  very  small,  never  reflexed,  sessile,  mostly  felted-  or 
shaggy-pubescent.  Flowers  spicate,  mostly  cream-colored,  rarely 
red,  large.  Peilicels  almost  none.  Pubescence  attached  by  the  base, 
mostly  shaggy  oi'  felted  and  inclined  to  turn  yellowish  in  age. 
Leaven  narrow  and  with  many  flat  and  rather  thick  leaflets.  A. 
anisus  has  broad  leaflets  and  hairs  fixed  by  the  middle. 

KEY 

A.  Pods  ovate  to  cylindrical  or  linear,  mostly  narrow. 

AB.  Pods  shaggy  or  velvety,  rather  thin-coriaceous,  seldom  in- 
flated, conspicuously  oblique  or  arcuate,  sulcate  at  both  sutures, 
with  truncate  to  cordate  base.     Leaves  with  rather  large 
leaflets  which  are  almost  never  acute,  narrow  nor  obovate. 
Pubescence  of  kinky  and  jointed  hairs  which  are  appressed 
except  on  the  calyx  of  A.  Bigelovii. 
ABC.  Calyx  loosely  shaggy. 

IS8  Bigelovii- 
AB2C.  Calyx  closely  appressed-hairy.     Pods  straight,  dense- 
ly hairy,  with  sides  even  and  straight. 

189  Phcenicis. 
AB3C.  Pods,  calyx  and  leaves   with  close  and  felted  pubescence 
of  tangled  hairs,  pods  with  uneven  sides.     Leaflets  in- 
clined to  b"  acute.     Flowers  narrow.     Bracts  short. 
This  group  blooms  early  and  continues  till  fall  accor- 
ding to  the  rains. 

190  Humliokhii. 
A2B.  Pods  smooth,  ascending,  slightly  corrugated,  cartilag- 
inous, obcompressed,  inclined  to  be  sulcate  at  both  sutures, 
arcuate  or  oblique,  1-2  cm.  long.     Flowers  2-3  cm.  long, 
mostly  greenish-yellow,  spicate,  about  horizontal  or  even 
reflexed,  but  nearly  erect  in  fruit,  many,  not  conspicucusly 
stubby.     Calyx  teeth  subulate  and  about  half  as  long  as 
tube.     Leaflets  of  rather  many  pairs,  large.     Stems  ascen- 
ding to  erect,  often  tall.     Pubescence  fine,  tangled  and 
rather  dense. 

Pods  nearly  linear,  not  inflated.     Flowers  purple.  191  mollissimus. 

Pods  broad  and  inflated.     Flowers  ochroleucous.  192  giganteus. 

2A.  Pods  conspicuously  inflated,  nearly  globose. 

2AB.  Pods  straight  or  a  little  arcuate,  ovate  to  globose,  large, 
scantily  pubescent,  with  rugose  sides.     Pubescence  of 
calyx  short  and  felted. 

193  Orizabae 
2A2B.  Pods  about  globose,  1.5-4  cm.  long,  rounded  and  apicu- 
late  at  tip,  with  a  minute  boss  at  base,  minutely  pubescent. 
Pod.;  1.5  cm.  long.     Small  plants,  with  3-6  pairs  of  small  Icatkts, 

Pubescence  attached  by  the  middle.  194  anisus 

Pods  3.5  cm.  long.     Large  plants,  with  12-15  P^i'S  of  large 

leaflets.     Hairs  attached  by  the  base.  195  orthanthus 


a3i 

188  Astragalus  Bigelovii  Gray  PI.  \Vr.  2  42  (1853).  Pods  oblong- 
oval  to  ovate,  oblique  and  barely  arched,  about  1  cm.  long  though  va- 
rying from  7  mm.  long  to  2  cm.  long,  ovate  in  the  type,  about  7  mm. 
wide  and  5  mm,  high,  sulcate  deeper  above,  shortly-triangular-acute 
with  upturned,  tip  cross-section  from  circular  to  oblate  with  septum 
variable  but  hardly  reaching  the  ventral  suture  throughout.  The  pods 
vary  greatly  from  much  inflated  and  almost  as  broad  as  long  to  much 
narrower  and  elongated,  the  pubescence  is  shaggy  and  rather  short, 
riowers  densely  spicate,  purple  and  showy,  rather  broad  and  with  the 
claws  not  exserted,  about  2  cm.  long,  but  the  petals  inclined  to  be  ra- 
the": stubby.  Bnnner  arcuate  to  about  80  degrees  in  a  gentle  curve,  the 
si;ies  reflexed  much  and  3  mm.  wide  below  but  not  much  at  tip  so  that 
the  banner  seems  oblong,  groove  2  mm.  deep  and  nearly  as  wide  being 
bioadly  V-shaped  and  continuous  to  the  tip,  white  spot  filling  groove 
and  coming  within  2  mm.  of  tip  and  narrowly-oblong,  banner  notched 
and  iniri)le  tinned  with  edges  rose-purple  and  ba.se  darker.  Wings 
linear,  aboiii  1  mm.  wide,  with  a  little  lobe  at  base  on  the  upper  side, 
obtuse,  I  iiiiii.  longer  than  heel  to  nearly  as  long  as  banner,  mostly  2-4 
mm.  shorter  than  })anner  which  is  ahriut  7  mm  lon.ii  ascending  30  de- 
gree~,  dark-ro-e  imrple  at  l>a-e,  tlie  u;)per  4  mm,  white,  nearly  flat,  the 
tip  a  little  incurveil.  Keel  da'.-k  i-u'ple  tipped,  blunt,  gently  arcuate 
from  near  the  liase  to  one  third  cii'cle  or  sharjily  to  a  half-cirlc  and  then 
3-4  mm,  long  and  high.  Caly.x  pink,  a  little  inflated,  becoming  nar- 
rower and  wliite  with  age,  sliaL^gy  with  spreading  hairs,  laterally  flat- 
tened, gibbons,  ascnding.  with  tube  about  7  mm.  long  and  4-5  mm, 
wide,  \\  ith  subulate  teeth  about  half  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  persis- 
tent, rather  large,  from  4-10  mm.  long.  Peduncles  stout,  erect  or  de- 
clined ;ind  sc;ipo>c,  .5-20  cm.  long,  mostly  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the 
fruiting  racliis  about  as  long  as  the  peduncle.  Ltaves  7-20  cm.  long, 
with  petioles  as  long  as  the  rachis.  Leaflets  nearly  round  to  oval, 
very  obtuse,  about  12  pairs,  7-20  mm.  long  in  the  type  densely  shaggy 
with  yellow  hairs.  Stems  normalh'^  almost  none  and  with  the  thick 
crowns  sometimes  a  little  produced  and  woody  and  with  closely  im- 
bricated stipules  which  are  1-2  cm.  long.  This  very  variable  species 
is  common  in  the  Rio  Granrle  valley  and  westward  at  least  to  Flag- 
staff .Arizona  and  the  Santa  Ritas  and  to  Monterey  and  Durango  Mex- 
ico. It  grows  mostly  in  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  going  down 
a  little  into  the  Tropical,  in  gravel  on  dry  benches,  in  the  open  and 
blooming  in  early   sj^rinu. 

Astragalus  Bigelovii  var.  Matthewsii  (Watson  Proc.  .A.m.  Acad.  18 
192  1883  as  species).  This  differs  in  no  respect  from  the  type  except 
that  the  flowers  are  loosely  spicate,  the  bracts  green  and  lanceolate 
and  longer,  and  the  pods  are  about  1.5  cm.  long  and  conspicuously  in- 
flated and  chestnut-shaped,  nearly  as  wide  as  long  and  about  half  as 
high.  Fort  Wingate  New  Mexico  on  the  Little  Colorado  in  the  Nav- 
ajo Basin. 

Astragalus  Bigelovii  var.  Thompsonae  (Watson)  Jon^s  Cont.  8 
23  (1898).  A.  Thompsonae  \yatson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10  MS  (1875)  as 
species.  Pods  ovate  to  acuminate-lanceolate,  1-3  cm.  long,  conspicu- 
ously arcuate  normally  to  a  half  circle,  hardly  1  cm.  wide  and  rarely  7 
mm.  high,  decidcilly  obcompressed  and  with  cross-section  about  that 
of  the  figure  oo ,  with  tip  1-celled  a  distance  of  4-7  mm.  down,  shortly 
velvety-shaggy,  with  walls  about  2  mm,  thick  when  fresh.  Flowers 
rather  light-purple  and  with  lighter  bases,  about  2  cm.  long,  loosely 
spicate.  Banner  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tii)s  to  45-75  degrees,  ap- 
pearing fiddle-slia])ed,  with  side-^  reflexcd  a  little  below,  with  white 
spot  finely  stippled  and  notched  and  obovate.  Wings  horizontal  at  tip 
and  rather  narrower.  Calyx  tube  7-10  mm.  long,  teeth  rarely  over  one 
third  as  long  as  tube  and  often  black-shaggy,  liracts  often  nearly  as 
long  as  calyx.  Peduncles  rarely  shorter  than  the  leaves,  often  2  dm. 
long,  stout,  ascending,  with    many  flowers  and  asi;ending    pods.     The 


«33 

leaves  acuminate.  Leaflets  gradually  smaller,  often  20  pairs,  with  the 
pubescence  very  fine  and  inclined  to  be  shaggy-woolly  and  white  but 
the  dark-green  of  the  leaves  not  wholly  concealed.  About  stcmless, 
with  several  thick  crowns  from  the  thick  and  fleshy  root,  not  at  all 
woody.  This  form  is  even  more  beautiful  than  the  species,  but  it  in- 
tergrades  at  all  points.  It  is  a  better  developed  form  and  is  never  yel- 
low and  has  much  longer  pod.s.  It  grows  in  a  more  arid  region,  show- 
ing that  the  species  of  the  Plains  (the  type)  is  near  its  eastern  climat- 
ic limit,  and  is  better  adapted  to  more  western  regions.  This  is  also  evi- 
dent from  the  fact  that  western  forms  are  more  specialized.  Through- 
out the  Xavajo  Hasin  from  the  base  of  the  Uintas  to  the  Wasatch  and 
Chepeta  Well  (Colorado)  east  of  Vernal  Utah,  southward  through  Man- 
cos  and  Farmington  New  Me.xico  and  westwarrl  along  the  Colorado  to 
Pioche  Nevada,  and  northward  through  Wa  \Va  (west  of  Frisco)  and 
as  far  as  Cottonwood  Spring  west  of  St.  John  Utah  on  the  desert  side. 
Fower  Temperate  life  zone  in  sandy  and  loose  gravelly  soil,  apparent- 
ly not  growing  on  the  Sevier  though  to  be  expected. 

189  /*8:ragalus  Phoenicis  Jones  Cont.  8  12  (1898).  Pods  cylindri- 
cal or  nearly  so.  2  cm.  long,  5  mm.  wifle  and  about  3-4  mm.  high,  nar- 
rowly oblong,  straight,  liarely  splitting  the  calyx,  obcompresscd  a  lit- 
tle, scarcely  sulcate  ventrally,  the  somewhat  flattened  beak  triangular 
and  a  simple  projetion  of  the  nearly  straight  ventral  suture  and  not  at 
all  upturned,  partition  hardly  complete  even  in  the  middle,  pods  finely 
and  appressed  and  very  short-pubescent,  about  a  third  longer  than  the 
calyx.  Flowers  horizontal  to  ascnding.  Banner  oval,  gently  arched 
to  45  degrees  from  the  calyx  tips,  the  blade  about  1  cm.  long,  with  the 
sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide,  the  claw  rather  long.  Wings  oblanceolate. 
gently  arcuate,  a  little  longer  than  keel  and  2  mm.  shorter  than  ban- 
ner. Keel  straight,  the  tip  erect  and  blunt  and  gently  arcuate  from 
the  base.  Calyx  tube  about  7  mm,  long  and  3  mm.  wide,  nearly  twice 
as  long  as  the  triangular  teeth,  densely  appressed-short-liairy.  a  little 
wider  below,  rather  truncate  below  and  obli(iuely  attached.  Pedun- 
cles scapose,  about  L5  dm.  long  including  racliis  which  is  about  one 
third  the  whole  and  rather  loosely  flowered,  erect.  Leaves  5-8  cm. 
long,  silvery-silky  with  short  and  appressed  hairs,  the  petioles  half  the 
whole.  Leaflets  10-15  pairs,  contiguous,  oval,  7  mm.  long,  obtuse. 
Stipules  broad,  not  over  1  cm.  long,  acuminate,  puberulcnt.  Stem.s 
caespitose,  hardly  2.5  cm.  long,  covered  by  the  imbricated  stipules. 
Plants  with  the  general  habit  of  A.  amphioxys.  Northern  .Arizona, 
Palmer,  Hillsboro  New  Mexico.  Diehl.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 
This  may  be  only  a  form  of  A.  Humboldtii,  but  the  pods  are  more  sym- 
metrical, it  has  the  calyx  of  that  ^  p2cie<. 

190  Astragalus  Humboldtii  Gray  Proc.  .Am.  Acad  6  l'J5  (!8'^4'. 
Pods  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate.  7-15  mm.  long,  about  5  mm  wide 
and  2-3  mm.  high,  arcuate,  with  side-  inclined  to  be  rugu!o-e,  closely 
felted  when  young  and  becoming  smoother  or  even  almost  smooth 
when  ripe,  with  the  deltiod  to  triangular  beak  abru]>t  but  stout  and 
rarely  oblique,  nearly  or  fully  2-celled  to  a  little  above  the  middle  and 
then  1-celled  to  tip  as  in  the  var.  Tho  npsnnae  above.  Flowers  purple 
or  white,  in  oblong  heads  or  short  spikes,  about  1.5  cm.  long.  Banner 
gently  arched  to  45  degrees  or  less  beyotid  the  calyx  tips,  with  sides 
folded  back  to  the  midrib  fully  3  mm.  wide  opposite  the  keel  and  less 
so  above  and  giving  the  banner  an  oblong  appearance,  somewhat 
notched.  White  spot  beginning  about  3  mm.  below  the  tip  is  oblong 
and  purple-veined  above.  Wings  nearly  straight,  linear-oblong,  ob- 
tuse, rounded,  with  lower  side  a  little  notched,  about  3  mm,  longer 
than  keel,  1  mm.  wide,  white  beyond  the  keel,  flat  or  slightly  concave 
to  it,  4-6  mm  shorter  th;in  banner.  Keel  about  as  high  as  long,  with  tip 
rounded  and  erect,  about  3  mm.  wide  in  the  middle,  gently  arched 
from  base,  dark-jnirple.  Calyx  tube  about  5  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide, 
rather  truncate  below  and  attached  on  the  lower  corner,  with  pubes- 
cence short  and  rather  appressed,  with  the  subulate  teeth  rather  more 


Z6o 

than  half  tlie  tube,  I'.ract?  thin  as  in  the  other  species,  5-7  mm.  long, 
['ediinoles  1-J  dm.  lung.  Leaves  narrow  and  somewhat  tapering,  gen- 
erally as  li.Mig  as  peduncle  or  more,  petioles  rather  shorter  than  the  ra- 
cliis.  I.eatlets  oiien  ^0  pairs,  about  oval-ovate,  mostly  acutish,  hardly 
conLiguou>,  seldom  1  cm.  long,  with  densely  and  mostly  yellow-felted 
pubescence,  nearly  -ensile.  Stems  from  hardly  any  to  short  and  spread- 
ing on  the  grt)und.  l-iare  in  southern  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  and 
laiher  comiuun  from  Chihuahua  and  Durango  Mexico  and  southward, 
Uio-t.y  fiopical  on  dry  benches  and  slopes,  blooming  in  April  and 
May.      I'his  is  little  more  than  a  well-marked  variety  of  A.  Higelovii. 

191  Astragalus  mollissimus  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  i\.  Y.  2  178(1828). 
Pods  linear-ol)long,  about  2  cm.  long,  5  mm.  wide  and  3  mm.  high, 
tiuni  a  little  arcuate  to  curved  into  a  half  circle,  rugulo.se,  inclined  to 
1  e  narrowed  at  the  boss-like  base,  triangular-acute,  with  the  flat  beak 
not  or  rarely  obiicjue  (as  in  A.  llumboidtin.  about  2-celled  nearly  to 
the  tip,  inclined  to  be  velvety-pubescent  when  young  but  smooth  with 
age,  not  inflated.  Flowers  purple,  about  2  cm.  long,  spicate.  Banner 
al)out  oval,  1  cm.  long,  arched  rather  abruptly  at  end  ot  calyx  tube  to 
3U-45  degrees  and  then  straight,  with  sides  reflexed  about  2  mm.  wide 
in  the  middle,  white  spot  filling  the  blade  to  within  2  mm.  of  the  sides 
and  purple  around  the  upper  end.  Wings  broadly  linear,  about  2  mm. 
wide,  white  at  tip,  a  little  arcuate,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  keel  and 
often  nearly  as  long  as  the  banner.  Keel  with  straight  base,  about  5 
mm.  long  and  then  abruptly  erect  and  3  mm.  high,  very  obtuse  and 
rounded,  purple-tinged  or  striped.  Calyx  tube  5-7  mm.  long,  3-4  mm. 
wide,  about  as  in  A.  Bigeloxii,  a  little  wider  below  and  truncate  and 
inserted,  on  the  lower  and  fleshy  corner,  loosely  long-shaggy,  with  the 
subulate  teeth  about  hall  as  iong  as  tube.  Bracts  reaching  the  middle 
of  calyx.  Pedicels  very  shnrt.  Peduncles  1-3  dm.  long,  subscapose, 
stout,  mostly  about  as  long  as  the  leaves.  Leaves  not  conspicuously 
acuminate,  with  petioles  not  over  half  the  whole.  Leaflets  lU-15  pairs 
from  nearly  ovate  and  acute  to  broadly  elliptical  and  obtsue,  1-2  cm. 
long,  variably  silky-hairy  with  long  hairs  which  are  a  little  felted  and 
generally  yellowish.  Stems  straggling  upward,  with  few  nodes,  rare- 
ly 1  dm  long,  with  short  internodes.  Crowns  inclined  to  be  woody. 
This  dill'er-  from  A  I  I  un.biildtii  in  the  shaggy  calyx  and  smooth  pod.s 
and  fro.u  A.  l'.i<elc)\ii  m  ilu;  smooth  pods  not  inflated  and  in  the  short 
and  narrower  bract>  and  mo.e  .'.cute  leaflets  which  also  are  normally 
larger.  Northern  Cdior.idu  at  Windsor  and  eastward  to  Nebraska  and 
southward  to  Texas  and  w  e>tward  to  Flagstaff  .Arizona,  not  in  the 
Navajo  Basin,  common  on  the  Plains  in  gravel.  Lower  Temperate 
life  zone.  This  is  the  "Loco"  a  stock  poison,  affecting  the  motor 
nerves  and  the  vision.  Being  the  first  green  thing  out  in  the  spring 
stock  get  to  eating  it  and  soon  are  poisoned  so  that  they  stagger  and 
become  emaciated  and  finally  crazy,  when  taken  away  from  it  they 
appear  to  reco\'er  but  ne\  er  are  reliable  again.  .A.,  lentiginosus  and 
Pattersoni  have  the  same  effect.  It  is  probable  that  most  of  the  ^pi- 
cies  are  poisonous  but  do  not  come  out  till  there  is  plenty  of  forage. 
Stock  will  not  eat  it  if  there  is  anything  else  to  eat. 

192  Astragalus  giganteus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  .Acad.  17  370  (1882). 
Pods  oval-ovate,  conspicuously  inflated,  from  a  little  oblicpie  toilecifl- 
edly  obcompressed,  about  1  cm.  long,  7  mm.  wide  and  3-5  mm.  high, 
strongly  cross-wrinkled,  slightly  sulcatc  dorsally  and  with  sutures 
very  convex,  truncate  ami  strongly  attached  to  calyx,  strongly  mucro- 
nate  at  tip  with  the  flattish  and  deltoid  beak  several  times  wider  than 
long,  ventral  suture  deeply  depressed  forming  a  groove  from  base  to 
two  thirds  of  the  way  up  then  strongly  humped  and  recurved  to  form 
the  rather  declined  but  nearly  symmetrical  beak,  the  pods  suggest  very 
?  trongly  those  of  .A.  Canadensis  var.  Carolinianus.  Flowers  yellow- 
ish, inclined  to  be  reflexed,  1.5-3  cm.  long,  narrow.  Banner  about 
ovate,  with  sides  reflexed  a  little  below,  arcuate  30-45  degrees    at    end 


•234 

of  calyx  tube  ami  abruptly  so.  straiglil  beyond,  hardly  1  cm.  long. 
Wings  linear,  about  straight,  about  /-?>  mm.  longer  than  Ueel  and  near- 
ly as  much  shorter  than  banner.  The  keel  straight  to  near  the  tip  and 
then  abruptly  erect,  about  3  mm.  higii.  rounded.  Caly.\  tube  7-8  mm. 
long  and  3  mm.  high,  truncate  below.  in>eric(l  on  ihe  iower  and  fleshy 
corner,  yellowish  with  loosely  appre-sed  l)ut  rather  long  hairs  with 
shorter  ones  felted  below.  Pedicels  rather  slender,  about  4  mm.  long 
in  fruit  and  a.s  long  as  the  triangular-subulate  bracts.  Peduncles  2  3 
dm.  long,  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  short-petioled.  Leaflets 
rather  conspicuously  smaller  above,  of  many  pairs,  elliptical,  incl'ned 
to  be  diamond-shaped  and  acute,  2-4  cm.  long,  finely  and  rather 
sparsely  silky-felted  with  appres>cd  and  tangled  hair.s  and  with  some 
longer  onei  intermixed  and  mostly  yellowish.  Stems  1-3  ft.  high,  f  ex- 
iious,  rarely  erect,  stout,  with  rather  few  internodcs  much  sho'ter 
than  the  leaves.  Blooming  in  summer  and  fall,  growing  on  moist 
banks  and  gravelly  bars  along  streams  from  Fort  Davis  in  western 
Texas  to  the  White  Mts.  New  Mexico  and  souttward  to  Guerreiro 
■  Mex.  Pringle's  No.  1218  distributed  as  jjart  of  the  type  of  A.  Yapuiauus 
is  this  specic>. 

Astragalus  giganteus  var.  Yaquianus  (Watson  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  23  270  18.^8  as  species).  This  differs  from  the  ^  pecies  on  y 
in  the  calyx  tube  being  1.5  cm.  long,  the  petals  with  exserted  cla\\  . 
the  lanceolate  and  little  arcuate  banner  about  \.S.  cm.  long,  the  na 
rowly-oblong  wings  a  little  longer  than  the  keel,  and  keel  hardly  at  u  1 
arcuate,  obliquely  oblanceolate.  half  cuneate,  and  acutish.  Stems  a  e 
much  shorter  and  straggling  upward,  the  leaves  longer  and  less  pube^ 
cent  and  with  larger  leaflets.  Sierra  Madie  Mts.  iMexico  from  Colo 
nia  Juarez  to  the  Yaqui  river  along  stream  beds  just  on  the  edge  of  the 
Tropical  life  zone. 

193  Astragalus  Orizabae  Seaton  Proc.  .Am.  Acad.  28  117(18^3"* 
Pod  rugose,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  when  nearly  globose  1  cm.  wide  and 
high,  when  ovate  (as  in  the  variety)  it  is  2  cm.  long  and  a  little  arched 
the  ventral  suture  is  straight  and  deeply  sulcate  but  not  so  dorsally, 
beak  conical  and  declined  and  1-2  mm.  long,  base  cordate,  surface 
somewhat  short-hairy  and  sparsely  felted,  pod.s  distinctly  inflated,  in 
dense  and  sohrt  spikes,  on  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves.  FHowers 
2  cm.  long,  narrow,  ochroleucous  or  purple-tinged,  in  short  and  dense 
Spikes,  spreading.  Banner  linear-oblanceolate,  1.5  cm.  long,  slightly 
ascending,  with  sides  reflexed  in  the  middle  2  mm.  vk-ide,  narrowed  at 
tip,  fully  1  cm.  longer  than  keel  and  5  mm  longer  than  wings.  Wings 
linear,  straight,  about  2  mm.  wide,  rounded.  Keel  with  exserted  claw, 
5  mm.  long.^2-3  mm.  high,  half-rhomboidal,  with  the  rounded,  purple 
tip  nearly  erect,  with  base  straight  to  the  middle  and  then  sharply  ar- 
cuate to  nearly  91)  degrees.  Calyx  broadly  cylindrical,  a  little  narrow- 
er at  tip  and  cleft  deeper  above  and  a  little  oblique  at  tip,  inclined  to 
be  truncate  and  nearly  e(iually  inserted  at  base,  with  teeth  .--ubulate 
ami  rather  lax  and  about  two  thirds  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  triangular 
and  about  3  mm.  long.  Leaves  line.iv.  2  3  dm  long  in  the  type,  with 
15-18  pairs  of  leaflets  which  are  elliiuical.  rounded,  closely  felted,  in- 
clined to  be  a  little  narrower  below.  1  1  5  cm  long  in  the  type.  Stems 
tufted,  zigzag,  1-2  dm.  long,  rather  thick  and  woody  at  base,  in  rocky 
places  Mt.  C3rizaba  below  Nexico  City.  Seaton.  Hacienda  Palmar 
near  Pachuca,  Tuly  21  1905.  Rose.  Nat.  Herb  No.  452293.  Near  Irola 
June  14  1899,  Rose.  Nat.  Herb.  No.  346530,  the  lowei  plant  on  the  sheet. 
Barren  hills  near  Esperanza,  Puebla  Aug.  17  1903,  Rose.  N'at.  Herb. 
No  450191.  Near  Calchicomula,  Puebla,  Rose,  July  24  1901,  Natj. 
Herb.  No.  395437. 


2:35 

Astragalus  Orizabae  var.  Irolanus  N,  Var.  Pods  ovate  and  short- 
ly acuminate,  2  cm.  long.  1  cm.  wide,  shaliow-sulcate  at  both  sutures. 
Leaflets  sharply  acute  at  both  ends,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  inclined  to  be  sil- 
ky pubescent.  Leaves  3-4  dm.  long.  Peduncles  often  4  dm.  long. 
Flowers  often  2-3  cm.  long.  Collected  near  Irola  Mexico  by  J.  N. 
Rose,  June  14  1899,  Nat.  Herb.  No.  346530,  the  upper  plant  on  the 
sheet.  Another  specimen  is  from  near  Lajos  Hidalgo,  Aug.  5  1905  bv 
Rose.  Nat.  Herb.  No.  452656. 

194  Astragalus  anisus  Jones  Cont.  4  34  (1893).  Pods  about  1.5 
cm.  long,  oval,  completely  2-celled  by  a  thin  partition,  chartaceous, 
rather  spongy  and  thinly  fleshy  when  green,  finely  reticulated,  a  little 
sulcate  at  both  sutures,  hardly  obliejue,  few.  Flowers  spreading,  6-10, 
subcapitate,  but  short-spicate  in  fruit.  Calyx  tube  1  cm.  long,  with 
the  subulate  teeth  about  2  mm.  long.  Bracts  and  pedicels  about  equnl 
and  4  mm.  long.  Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  about  2.5  cm.  long, 
stout  and  erect.  Leaves  about  5  cm.  long,  with  petioles  fully  as  long 
as  the  rachis.  Leaflets  3-6  pairs,  obovate  to  oval,  rounded,  4-7  mm. 
long,  contiguous.  Stems  very  short,  with  internodes  hardly  as  iong 
as  the  lanceolate  stipules.  Whole  plant  silvery  with  rather  long  and 
echinate  and  slender  hairs  fixed  by  the  middle,  the  calyx  only  nigres- 
cent. A  unique  species  only  a  few  inches  high,  never  found  but  once, 
and  tiien  only  in  fruit,  near  Pueblo  Colorado,  Lower  Temperate  life 
zone. 

195  Astragalus  orthanthus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  195  (1864). 
Pods  about  3.5  cm.  long,  few  on  the  short  rachis,  inclined  to  be  sul- 
cate at  both  sutures,  finely  reticulated  and  crosi-ribbed,  completely  2- 
celled.  Flowers  red,  about  3  cm.  long,  loosely  short-spicate,  very  nar- 
row and  with  elongated  and  exserted  claws.  Banner  lanceolate  and 
hardly  arcuate.  Wings  linear,  hardly  as  long  as  the  oblanceolate  keel 
whose  tip  is  only  slightly  arcuate  and  acutish  much  after  the-  style  of 
A.  coccineus  and  giganteus.  Calyx  tube  about  1  cm  long,  3  mm.  wide 
and  a  little  narrowed  above,  the  base  obliquely  triangular  and  fleshy 
and  rather  unequally  inserted,  the  subulate  teeth  about  3-4  mm.  long. 
Bracts  and  pedicels  about  equal  and  3  mm.  long.  Peduncles  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  1-2  dm.  long.  Leaves  narrow,  almost  sessile,  with 
12-15  pairs  of  narrowly  elliptical  and  acutish  but  not  contiguous  leaf- 
lets which  are  nearly  2  cm.  long  and  velvety-hairy  to  nearly  smooth, 
with  appre  =  sed  hairs  fixed  by  the  base.  Stems  1-4  dm.  long,  ascend- 
ing, internodes  rarely  5  cm.  long.  Stipules  rather  large,  triangular. 
Near  Saltillo  and  in  Coahuila  Mexico,  in  rocky  places,  blooming  in 
summer,  lower  part  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 


236 


SARCOCARPI.     22. 


Pods  wholly  :2-celled,  very  fleshy,  with  thick  walls  which 
never  become  less  than  coriaceous  when  dry,  opening  but  little  at 
maturity,  mostly  plum-like,  lanceolate  in  A.  Tennesseensis,  ol)- 
late  to  round  in  cross- section,  cordate  or  notched  at  ba8e,  rarely 
at  all  inflated,  not  stipitate,  splitting  the  calyx,  mostly  sulcate  at' 
both  sutures,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  weakly  attached  to  the  calyx,  with 
ventral  suture  straight,  rarely  convex,  or  concave,  the  dorsal  the; 
more  arched.  Flowers  in  heads  or  short  spikes,  never  small  nor 
reflexid,  on  peduncles  shorter  than  the  upper  leaves,  and  on  pedi- 
cels shorter  than  the  large  bracts,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  light-colorctl. 
Calyx  cylindrical,  6-8  mm.  long,  obliquely  attached  by  the  fleshy 
base,  straight,  hairy,  with  teeth  much  shorter  than  the  tube. 
Leaves  larger  above,  the  lowest  ones  quite  small,  narrow,  wiili 
many  leaflets  wl'ich  are  never  linear  but  are  nearly  contiguous, 
mostly  flat,  jointed  to  rachis  and  petiolulate.  Stipules  large  and 
broad,  hyaline  and  thin,  adnate,  not  raflexed,  not  connate.  The 
bracts  lanceolate  and  acuminate,  fetems  prostrate  to  ascending', 
slender  or  with  short  internodes,  never  acaulescent  though  tlit! 
iiitcriiodes  are  often  shorter  than  the  stipules,  from  a  thick  and 
often  woody  root,  in  tufts.  Pubescence  attached  by  the  ba.-i-. 
Growing  in  sweet  soil,  never  in  saline  places.  This  group  is  ii.i' 
nearest  related  to  the  Argophylliand  Malaci.  It  is  possible  that 
A.  Parryi  may  belong  here,  it  has  a  superficial  resemblance  to  A. 
Tennesseensis.  but  the  pods  are  thin  and  nearly  1-celled,  and  t..o 
flowers  and  general  habit  are  diff'  rent. 

KEY 

A.  Pods    Emooth,  very   fleshy,   plum-shaped,   very   abruptly  shor*-- 
beaked.  edible,  with  the  fleshy  walls  4-6  mm.  thick,  reflexed  or  widel  ' 
spreading,  lying   flat  on  the  ground,  with  the  cavity  somewhat   largp  • 
than  the  seeds,  sutures  raised  and  thick  when  dry.     Stems  1-2  ft.  hi:  ^^ 
Calyx  very  sliort-liairy,  tli)\\er.s  not  ochroleurous.  196  crrissicnrpiis. 

Calyx  \\<>olIy.  flcwcrs  ochroleucous.  197   Mexicani.s. 

2 A.  Pods  decidedly  pubescent,  ovate  to   lanceolate,   rather   obliq     > 
acuminate  or  with  a  long  and  stout  beak,  somewhat   fleshy   but   well: 
rarely  2  mm.  thick,  sutures  not  evident  externally.     Flowers  whit«. 
Pods  short-pubescent,  about  ovate,  finely  cross-lined,  abruptly  stout-beaked. 

198  Plattensis. 
Pods  sparsely  long- pubescent,  acuminate-lanceolate,  coarsely  reticulated. 

196  Tenneessens'.s. 

196  Astragalus  crassicarpus  Xutt.  in  lM-aser\s  Cat.  1  (1814).  Pods 
nearly  globose,  a  little  obconipressed  when  fresh  and  appearnig  lat- 
erally flattened  in  most  herbarium  specimiCns  and  greatly  and  coarse- 
ly wrin];lcd  for  the  most  part,  about  2.5  cm.  long  and  1.5  cm.  wide, 
sulcate  at  both  sutures  when  fresh   and    appearing   laterally    flattened 


237 


larcocarpi. 


in  most  herbarium  specimens,  but  still  globose  when  maturing  nat- 
urally, herbarium  material  is  greatly  and  coarsely  wrinkled  mostly, 
about  2.5  cm.  long  and  1.5  cm.  wide,  sulcate  at  both  sutures  when 
fresh  and  very  shortly  mucronate-beaked,  green  to  reddish.  Flow- 
ers normally  bluish-purple  but  often  nearly  white,  with  elongated 
banner  and  wings,  rather  loosely  racemose-spicate,  about  horizontal. 
Banner  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  nearly  1.5  cm.  long,  deeply  notched, 
with  sides  very  much  reflexed  so  that  it  seems  almost  linear,  abruptly 
arched  at  end  of  calyx  tube  to  45".  Wings  elongated,  about  1  cm. 
long  and  3  mm.  wide,  slightly  ascending,  very  oblique  at  the  notched 
tip,  narrower  above,  mostly  white,  much  longer  than  keel.  Keel 
straight,  about  5  mm.  long,  the  tip  abruptly  arched  to  erect  and  3 
mm.  high,  very  broad,  the  corner  about  square,  purple.  Calyx  black- 
ish with  rather  sparse  and  very  short  and  closely  appressed  hairs, 
the  teeth  very  variable  but  mostly  2-4  mm.  long  and  triangular. 
Bracts  twice  the  rather  long  pedicels  in  flower  and  about  as  long  in 
fruit.  Peduncles  from  much  shorter  than,  to  as  long  as  the  leaves. 
Spikes  5-10  cm.  long  and  rather  close.  Leaves  1-1.5  dm.  long  when 
fully  developed  above,  the  lower  ones  much  reduced,  ashy  to  smooth. 
Leaflets  8-12  pairs,  narrowly  to  broadly  elliptical,  the  lowest  often 
oval,  1-1.5  cm.  long.  Stipules  ovate.  Stems  about  a  foot  long, 
weak  and  widely  spreading.  Pubescence  ashy  to  almost  none,  espe- 
cially on  the  stems  and  pods,  of  short  and  flat  appressed  hairs.  Com- 
mon on  sweet  soil  on  the  prairies  from  northern  Texas  to  the  base 
of  the  Rockies  and  northward  to  the  Saskatchewan,  not  on  the 
Snake  river  drainage,  but  on  the  Laramie  Plains,  and  on  the  Pacific 
slope  along  the  tablelands  of  the  head  waters  of  the  Missoula  in 
Deer  Lodge  Valley,  eastward  to  eastern  Iowa  and  Minnesota,  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone,  and  descending  a  little  into  the  Lower  Tem- 
perate at  the  south.  In  early  days  the  fruit  was  eaten  by  voyagers 
and  called  Pomme  du  Prairie.  When  the  fruit  matures  naturally 
it  becomes  very  cellular  between  the  inner  and  outer  skins  and  very 
light  and  is  easily  blown  about  by  the  winds.  It  does  not  open  at 
maturity  but  gradually  falls  apart  by  decay.  Its  cellular  character 
is  like  that  of  A.  pygmaeus  and  Musiniensis  of  the  Navajo  Basin. 

Astragalus  crassicarpus  vsr.  pachycarpus  (T.  &  G.)  JoneS  Cont. 
8  17  (1898).  A.  pachycarpus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  332  (1838).  This  is  a 
southern  form  with  pods  round  to  oblong  or  ovate,  decidedly  obcom- 
pressed.  Flowers  narrower  and  slender,  whitish,  about  1.5  cm.  long. 
Calyx  smooth  or  nearly  so.  Bracts  subulate  and  smaller.  Pedicels 
slender.  Peduncles  much  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  very  nar- 
row. Leaflets  11-16  pairs,  rather  long-petiolulate  often  oblanceo- 
late,  about  1  cm.  long.  Stipules  rather  short  and  narrow.  Stems 
slender,  1-2  ft.  long.  Nearly  smooth  throughout.  This  is  the  form 
mostly  of  Missouri  to  Texas.  The  pods  vary  greatly  from  decidedly 
oblique  with  the  mucro  above  the  middle  to  plum-shaped. 

197.  Astragalus  Mexicanus  A.  DC.  PL  Ear.  Gen.  4  16  t  3 
(1826).  A.  trichocalyx  Nutt.  Geoprumnon  Rydberg.  Pods  about 
as  in  A.  crassicarpus.  Flowers  cream-white.  Calyx  white  and  woolly 
with  long  hairs,  almost  sessile  and  with  long  bracts,  teeth  v.ery  short. 
Banner  about  1  cm.  long,  ovate,  with  sides  reflexed  below  and  seem- 
ingly triangular.  Wings  almost  straight,  a  little  longer  than  the 
keel,  oblique.  Keel  as  in  A.  crassicarpus.  Flowers  very  short-spi- 
cate,  the  clusters  rarely  5  cm.  long.  Leaves  as  in  A.  crassicarpus 
but  nearly  smooth.  Peduncles  often  as  long  as  the  leaves,  not 
short.  Plants  1-2  ft.  high,  rather  stout.  Missouri  to  Texas  and 
southern  Nebraska,  on  prairies  eastward  to  Illinois.  Lower  Tem- 
perate  life   zone. 

198.  Astragalus  Plattensis  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  132  (1838). 
Geoprumnon  Rydberg.  Pods  about  1.5  cm.  long,  oval  ovate,  6-8 
mm.  wide,  and  about  4  mm.  high,  conspicuously  obcompressed  and 
sulcate  ventrally,  straight  but  decidedly  oblique  by  the  ventral  suture 


Sarcocarpi.  238 

beinjr  about  straio:ht  and  the  florsal  very  convex,  the  conical  and 
stout  beak  about  4  mm.  long-  and  a  prolongation  of  the  ventral  su- 
ture and  in  line  with  it,  evidently  inflated  a  little,  walls  thinner  than 
in  any  of  the  allied  species,  coriaceous,  less  than  1  mm.  thick  when 
fresh  and  very  thin  when  dry  but  rigid  and  a  little  corrugated,  base 
cordate.  Surface  covered  with  vei'y  many  fine  and  parallel  ci'oss 
lines  close  together.  Flowers  white,  in  a  head,  several,  about  1.5 
cm.  long.  Banner  ovate,  with  sides  reflexed  to  the  tip  and  seeming 
triangulaz",  notched  a  little,  arched  gently  to  4.5-90'  from  end  of 
calyx  tube,  about  2-4  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  nearly  linear, 
a  little  arched,  about  2  mm.  wide,  rounded  at  tip  and  about  1-2  mm. 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  tip  arched  in  a  quarter  circle  to  the 
very  obtuse  and  rounded  tip,  the  base  straight,  purple  tipped,  3  mm. 
high.  Calyx  tube  oblong,  5  mm.  long,  nigrescent,  the  triangular 
teeth  about  half  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  about  twice  the  pedicels 
which  are  short  in  flower  and  about  4  mm.  long  in  fruit.  Pe- 
duncles about  half  as  long  as  leaves.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  with 
very  short  petiole,  of  8-14  pairs  of  elliptical  to  oblong-obovate 
leaflets  5-8  mm.  long.  Stems  slender,  weakly  ascending  to  pros- 
trate, rarely  2  dm.  long.  Stipules  about  as  long  as  the  adjoining- 
leaflets.  Pubescence  shaggy  all  over  except  on  the  more  sparsely 
hairy  calyx.  On  the  plains  from  Texas  to  western  Nebraska  and 
Wild  Co.,  Colorado,  and  eastward  to  Indiana  and  Alabama.  Lower 
Temperate  life  zone. 

199.  Astragalus  Tennesseensis  Gray  in  Chapman's  Fl.  98 
(1860).  A.  Pl.-ittensis  var.  Tennesseensis  Gray.  Pods  lanceolate  to 
oblong,  acuminate,  a  little  arcuate,  the  tip  forming  a  flat  or  round 
upcui-ved  prow,  inclined  to  be  obcompressed  and  sulcate  at  both 
sutures,  very  fleshy,  but  when  dry  forming  a  soft  and  spongy  pa- 
pery tissue  about  2  mm.  thick,  much  wrinkled,  2-3  cm.  1  long,  7-8 
mm.  wide,  3-4  mm.  high,  nearly  round  in  cross  section,  very  sparsely 
long-hairy,  neither  suture  raised,  base  usually  obtuse  to  notched. 
Surface  of  pod  very  coarsely  corrugated  with  raised  lines  and  large 
meshes.  Flowers  1.5-2  cm.  long,  white.  Banner  gently  arched  to 
45  \  ovate,  sides  reflexed  most  below,  7-8  mm.  long.  Wings  narrowly 
oblong,  a  little  arched,  narrowed  toward  tip,  2-3  mm.  wide,  2  mm. 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  straight,  about  5  mm.  long,  tip  abruptly 
arched  to  erect  and  very  obtuse,  about  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  about  3 
mm.  high,  the  triangular  teeth  not  2  mm.  long.  Bracts  ovate,  5-7 
mm.  long.  Pedicels  very  short.  Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves, 
except  the  lower  ones.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long.  Leaflets  ellipti- 
cal, 12-15  pairs,  long-petiolulate,  separated  by  about  their  own  width. 
Stipules  very  large,  1-1.5  cm.  long.  Pubescence  long  and  softly  vil- 
lous except  on  the  upper  sides  of  the  leaflets  and  the  stipules.  Lower 
Teinperate  life  zone  from  southeastern  Iowa  to  Tennessee  and  Ala- 
bama and  Missouri.  This  connects  the  Sarcocarpi  with  the  Ai'go- 
phylli  and  Malaci  through  A.  Parryi. 


239 


OCREATI.     23. 

Perennials  with  densely  tufted  short  stems  with  con- 
gested internodes  or  the  upper  ones  elongated  but  much 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  branched  below,  ascending  to 
erect,  from  a  woody  root,  rarely  3  dm.  long.  Stipules 
sheathing  but  rather  small.  Leaves  narrow,  all  petioled, 
1-3  dm.  long,  the  rachis  at  least  as  long  as  petiole  and 
slender.  Leaflets  5-8  pairs,  narrow  to  oblong,  mostly  acute 
and  folded,  not  acicular,  not  contiguous,  2-3  cm.  long, 
long-petiolulate  and  jointed  to  petiole.  Flowers  spicate 
or  in  fruit  a  little  racemose,  about  sessile,  6-12  mm.  long, 
neither  reflexed  nor  stubby,  with  cylindrical  to  long-cam- 
panulate  tube  which  is  3-5  mm.  long  and  mostly  a  trifle 
longer  than  the  subulate  teeth.  Bracts  elongated  and 
conspicuous,  triangular-subulate.  Pods  conspicuously  ob- 
compressed,  inclined  to  be  sulcate  above  and  below,  oval 
to  oblong,  abruptly  apiculate,  not  much  exserted  from 
the  calyx,  coriaceous  and  variously  corrugated,  the  sides 
rounded,  cross  section  variously  reniform  or  like  the 
figure  8  but  not  at  all  2-celled  nor  with  sutures  produced 
within,  mostly  a  little  oblique  at  tip  but  not  arched,  very 
slightly  if  at  all  inflated.  Ventral  suture  raised  exter 
nally  and  very  much  thickened  or  prominent,  pod  when 
sulcate  ventrally  is  so  on  each  side  of  suture.  Plants 
of  the  arid  deserts  mostly  in  alkaline  and  very  poor 
clay  soil,  but  not  in  sinks  or  where  water  stands.  Pu- 
bescent with  closely  appressed  hairs.  Plants  blooming  in 
early  summer. 

KEY. 

A.       Pubescence    attached    by    the    middle   or    near    it    (by    the    base    iim 
A.  argillcsus),  of  flat  and  tapering  hairs.      Stems  densely  tufted 
and   decumbent,    slender,    at    least    1    dm.    long   when    fully   devel- 
oped,    hoary.        Leaflets     linear,    about     2.5     cm.     long.       Flowers 
densely    spicate,    about     1     cm.    long.       Bracts    about    as    long    as 
calyx   and   its  lobes.      Pods  splitting  the   calyx   at   maturity,   shal- 
low-sulcate    at    both    sutures. 
AB.       Pods    hoary,    about    equaling    the   calyx    teeth,    ovate    to    oval, 
straight  but  tip  rarely  a  little  curved,  rounded  at  base,  mostly 
acute,    obcompressed    at    least     at     base     and     mostly     sulcate, 
with  ventral  suture  prominent,  loosely  spicate.      Flowers  white 
to  yellowish,   about    12    mm.   long.      Calyx   short,   campanulate; 
teeth  subulate,   about   as   long   as   tube.   Leaves    1-1.3   dm.   long. 
Leaflets  2-5   mm.  wide,  2.5  cm.  long,  4-7   pairs.      Stipules  hya- 
line,  broad,    about    7    mm.    long.       Stems    flexuous,    some    inter- 
nodes 8  cm.  long,  perennials.      Whole  plant  erect  or  ascending 
1.5-3    dm.    long.       Pubescence    closely    appressed    throughout, 
hoary    except    the   pods    rarely.       Plants    with    a    strong    snake- 
like  odor. 

Peduncles  very  short  or  none.  200  sophoroides. 

Peduncles  at  least  as  long  as  leaves.  201   confertiflorus. 


Ocreati.  240 

A2B.       Calyx     tube     conspicuously     long-hairy     and     shaggy;     teeth 
and    bracts    very    long.       Flowers    purple.       Blooming    in    May. 

Whole  plant  appresseil-silvery-silky.  202  argillosus. 

2A.  Pubescence  attached  by  the  base.  Peduncles  long,  with  small 
flowers  in  narrow  spikes  which  become  racemose  in  fruit.  Pods 
not  splitting  the  calyx.  Stipules  small  and  united  only  below. 
Bracts  2-5  mm.  long.  Stems  slender  or  almost  none,  nearly 
erect,  flexuous,  with  very  short  internodes  below.  This  grows 
on    limestone    cliffs    and    in    sandy    washes. 

Sutures  not  thick.     Peduncles  filiform  and  rush-like.  203    Moencoppensis. 
Sutures  thick.     Peduncles  not  elongated.  204  troglodytes. 

200.  Astragalus  sophoroides  Jones  Zoe  2  12  (1891).  Pods 
with  ventral  suture  little  raised,  not  very  conspicuously  thickened, 
arched,  .5-9  mm.  long,  not  2  mm.  thick,  greatly  obcompressed,  el- 
liptical, barely  acute,  chartaceous,  flattened  but  not  sulcate  at  base; 
seeds  several,  large.  Flowers  not  over  9  mm.  long,  white  to  cream- 
colored,  purple-tinged,  short,  erect.  Calyx  inclined  to  be  shaggy. 
Bracts  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acuminate,  about  as  long  as  Calyx  tube, 
5-7  mm.  long,  scarious.  Peduncles  none  to  1  cm.  long,  and  spikes 
2. 5-7.. 5  cm.  long,  flower-cluster  mostly  sessile  among  the  leaves  and 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  earliest  peduncles  7-15  mm.  long,  and  spikes 
2.5-5  cm.  long  and  so  appearing  sessile  among  the  leaves,  but  later 
peduncles  often  1  cm.  long  and  the  spikes  7.5  cm.  long,  latest  pe- 
duncles equal  the  earliest.  Leaves  7.5-9  cm.  long.  Petioles  2.5-4 
cm.  long.  Leaflets  4-7  pairs,  oblong  linear  to  nearly  oblong,  rounded 
at  end  and  cuneate  at  base,  2-9  mm.  wide,  1-3  cm.  long.  Stipules 
connate  even  to  the  top  of  the  stems,  upper  part  acuminate-triangu- 
lar. Stems  rather  slender,  8-30  cm.  long,  internodes  several  and 
2.5-6  cm.  long.  Pubescence  of  stems  very  dense  and  a  little  spread- 
ing, on  calyx  rather  coarse  and  entangled,  on  pods  the  same  but 
shorter,  oldest  stems  and  leaves  are  sometimes  only  pubescent.  On 
the  Moencoppa,  northern  Arizona,  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  on 
benches. 

201.  Astragalus  confertiflorus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  368 
(1878).  A.  flavus  var.  candicans  Gray.  Cnemidophacos  Rydberg. 
Leaflets  4-6  pairs,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  linear,  2  mm.  wide.  Spikes 
dense  and  many  flowered,  5-7  cm.  long  on  peduncles  7-9  cm. 
long.  Flowers  white,  becoming  cream-colored  with  age.  Banner 
ai'ched  in  gentle  arc  from  base  to  tip  to  45-80^;  groove  is  V-shaped 
opposite  keel  tip  but  flattens  out  very  greatly  above  where  it  is  3 
mm.  wide  and  1  mm.  deep;  sides  reflexed  to  1  mm.  wide  opposite 
the  keel,  not  at  all  at  tip  and  so  making  it  seem  obovate-obiong  to 
fiddle  shaped  (in  the  dried  plant  seeming  lanceolate)  and  elon- 
gated, emarginatc.  Wings  obliquely  lance-oblong,  1  mm.  wide,  the 
tip  bent  up  to  45'  and  notched  below  the  middle,  2-4  mm.  longer 
than  keel  and  concave  to  it,  the  right  hand  one  bent  over  keel 
tip  and  the  other  bent  out  but  with  its  tip  turned  in  and  touching 
the  other,  concealing  the  keel.  Keel  very  short  relatively,  exceeding 
the  calyx  tips  2-4  mm.,  the  tip  abruptly  incurved  to  over  90'  and 
very  blunt  and  rounded,  with  a  purple  eye  at  tip  which  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  narrow  white  edge.  Calyx  nearly  round  in  cross  sec- 
tion, about  4  mm.  long,  the  lower  edge  straight  and  the  upper  a 
little  arched,  base  with  a  fleshy  green  spot  and  oblique,  almost  ses- 
sile, cleft  deeper  above  and  with  rounded  sinuses,  the  teeth  spread- 
ing, green  and  2-3  mm.  long.  Pods  bisulcate  at  the  thick  ventral 
suture,  is  trifle  concave,  or  even  convex,  about  7.5  mm.  long,  oblong- 
oval,  silky  to  smooth,  moderately  obcompressed  mostly  but  not  sul- 
cate dorsally.  The  flowers  are  often  purple  tinged  and  then  the 
white  spot  is  waterlined  with  purple.  The  pubescence  of  the  calyx 
is   looser  and   finer,   the   calyx   teeth    and    bracts   are   more    filiform. 


241  Ocreati. 

and  the  flowers  much  elongated  and  often  nearly  yellow.  This  is 
the  common  form  throughout  the  Navajo  Basin  far  up  on  the  Little 
Colorado  eastward  into  its  New  Mexican  and  Colorado  borders  and 
down  the  Colorado  to  the  edge  of  Nevada  and  up  the  Virgin  in 
Utah.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  and  dropping  down  a  little  into 
the  Tropical.  Also  along  the  Sevier  river  near  Richfield  and  Salina, 
Utah. 

Astragalus  confcrtiflorus  var.  flaviflorus  (Kuntze).  Traga- 
cantha  flaviflora  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  941  (1892).  A.  flavus  Nuttall, 
Cnemidophacos  Rydberg.  This  has  the  leaves  of  the  species  but 
inclined  to  have  narrowly  oblong  and  flat  leaflets,  the  lowest  very 
short  and  broad.  Upper  leaves  much  the  best  developed.  Pods  7-12 
mm.  long,  generally  twice  the  calyx,  ovate  to  oblong  oval,  variably 
pubescent  with  curved  hairs,  about  straight,  retuse  at  base,  minutely 
stipitate,  broadly  and  rather  deeply  sulcate  dorsally  and  the  su- 
tures nearly  touching.  Flowers  12-15  mm.  long,  in  the  type  cream 
colored  and  with  rather  short  and  mostly  ovate  banner,  but  var- 
iable. Wings  linear,  narrower  than  keel,  a  little  arched,  2-3  mm. 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  a  little  arched  along  the  claw,  the  blade 
abruptly  incurved  at  the  end  to  erect  and  very  obtuse,  the  upper 
corner  being  about  square  or  very  rounded  and  not  at  all  pro- 
duced, the  general  outline  being  oblanceolate,  straight.  Calyx  short- 
cylindric,  the  tube  nearly  5  mm.  long.  Peduncles  1.5-3  dm.  long, 
strict,  stout  and  sulcate,  appearing  as  if  subscapiform.  Spikes  loose, 
1-1.5  dm.  long.  10-15-flowered.  Leaflets  broadly  linear  to  narrowly 
ellintical,  rather  acute,  nearly  smooth  above.  Stems  short  and 
with  short  internodes,  diffusely  branched  and  decumbent,  1.5-2  dm. 
long.     Deserts  of  southern  Wyoming,  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

202.  Astragalus  argillosus  Jones  Zoe  2  241  (1891).  Pods 
scarcely  surpassing  the  calyx  lobes,  erect,  ovate  to  oval,  blunt,  hoary 
with  long  and  appressed  hairs,  about  7  mm.  long,  much  obcom- 
pressed  till  cross  section  is  nearly  linear,  a  little  arched,  with  dorsal 
suture  deeply  impressed  toward  the  base  and  raised  and  prominent 
at  tip  and  conspicuously  thickened;  the  ventral  suture  inconspicu- 
ous. Flowers  short,  about  9  mm.  lon-g,  densely  spicate  even  in  fruit, 
almost  sessile,  pink-purple.  Banner  oval,  abruptly  arched  below 
calyx  tips  to  45°,  purple  and  with  white  spot  strongly  veined,  5  mm. 
longer  than  keel  and  2  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  narrowly- 
oblong,  a  little  arched,  rouiided,  purple,  dark-veined  toward  the  tip, 
narrower  than  the  keel.  Keel  short,  about  as  long  as  calyx  tips, 
straight,  with  tip  abruptly  erect  and  deltoid.  Calyx  tube  short- 
campanulate,  not  5  mm.  long,  white  with  very  long  and  appressed 
hairs  which  toward  the  tip  and  on  the  lobes  are  widely  spreading  and 
shaggy.  Hairs  flat,  twisted,  with  pustulate  base,  attached  by  the 
end.  Calyx  lobes  subulate  from  a  broad  base,  9  mm.  long,  lax, 
green,  longer  than  the  tube.  Bracts  large,  9  mm.  long,  green,  lin- 
ear-subulate, about  equaling  the  calyx.  Spikes  very  dense,  2.5-7 
cm.  long.  Peduncles  5-15  cm.  long,  slender,  subscapiform,  as  long 
as  leaves.  Stipules  connate  nearly  to  tip,  green  (hyaline  below) 
long-acuminate,  densely  appressed-villous  as  well  as  stems.  Pet- 
ioles grooved.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  long,  narrow.  Leaflets  narrowly 
linear  to  oblong,  2.5-3  cm.  long,  2-5  mm.  wide,  silvery,  4-G  pairs, 
acute  to  apiculate,  greener  than  the  rest  of  the  plant.  Stems  caespi- 
tose,  ascending,  rather  stout  for  the  plant,  short,  flexuous.  2.5-20 
cm.  long,  biennial  or  short-lived  perennial,  whole  plant  1.5-3  dm. 
high,  appressed-silvery-silky  even  to  the  stipules.  On  sandy  clay  soil 
along  the  Green  river  and  San  Rafael  Swell,  Utah,  and  vicinity. 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

203.  Astragalus  Moencoppensis  Joncs  Zoe  2  12  (1891).  Pods 
5-7  mm.  long,  3  mm.  wide,  with  cross-section  nearly  transversely 
linear,  with  sutures  not  thick  nor  prominent,  hoary,  about  as  long 
£»s    c-Iy::    and    tcclh,    acute,    oblong-oval,    barely    sulcate    dorsally, 


Ocreati.  242 

sliR-htly  so  ventrally.  Flowers  spreading,  deep-bluish-purple-tipped, 
about  7  mm.  long  and  2-5  mm.  long,  longer  than  the  calyx  and 
teeth.  Banner  broadly  ovate,  veined,  with  sides  reflexed  much 
and  arched  at  the  end  of  calyx  tube  to  45%  5-7  mm.  long,  with 
short  claws,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  straight,  broad,  trun- 
cate, with  tip  erect.  Wings  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner,  broadly 
oblanceolatc,  little  arched,  narrower  than  keel,  rounded,  oblique. 
Calyx  tube  3  mm.  long,  shaggy  above  with  tangled  and  very  fine 
hairs,  the  subulate  teeth  a  little  shorter  than  the  tube.  Bracts 
2-5  mm.  long,  hyaline,  ovate  to  lanceolate.  Peduncles  (as  well  as 
stems  and  leaf  rachis)  filiform  and  rush-like,  often  a  foot  long, 
tapering,  racemose  on  the  upper  half.  Leaves  often  3  dm.  long, 
mostly  7-9  cm.  long.  Petioles  generally  grooved,  green,  a  quarter 
to  as  long  as  the  leaf.  Leaflets  nearly  smooth,  broadly  linear  to 
almost  filiform,  about  2.5  cm.  long,  the  upper  ones  reduced  or  abor- 
tive, about  5  pairs,  acute,  all  distant,  somewhat  narrowed  below. 
Lower  stipules  broadly  triangular,  short,  hoary  above.  Internodes 
very  slender,  1-3,  the  upper  5  cm.  long.  Whole  plant  nearly  smooth 
except  the  calyx  and  po(]s.  Stems  densely  tufted  from  a  long  and 
erect  tap  root.  On  the  Moencoppa  in  the  Little  Coloi-ado  region  of 
northern  Arizona  in  the  Navajo  Basin  and  in  the  San  Rafael  Swell 
south  of  Green  River,  Utah,  in  sandy  places.  Lower  Temperate  life 
zone. 

204.  Astragalus  troglodytes  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  362 
(1885).  Leaflets  6-8  pairs,  oval  to  obovate  and  obtuse  or  rarely 
acute,  about  1  cm.  long,  with  closely  appressed  hairs  fixed  by  the 
base.  Leaves  erect,  about  1  dm.  long,  with  petiole*inclined  to  be 
longer  than  its  rachis.  Stems  almost  none.  Peduncles  ascending 
to  erect,  about  1.5  dm.  long.  Flowers  spicate,  rather  many.  Bracts 
recurved,  linear-lanceolatc-acuminate,  i  bout  1  cm.  long.  Calyx 
about  4  mm.  long,  with  teeth  about  half  as  long.  Flowers  about  1 
cm.  long.  Pods  loosely  hairy,  5-7  mm.  long,  conspicuously  obcom- 
pressed,  and  cross-section  oblately  oblong,  with  the  thick  sutures  of 
Gilensis  and  its  abrupt  apiculation,  the  suture  only  slightly  arched 
at  tip  and  base,  not  sulcate,  cavity  inflated.  The  pods  have  about 
the  shape  of  Matthewsii  on  a  minute  scale,  only  a  little  exceed- 
ing the  calyx,  but  it  has  no  relation  to  the  Scytocarpi.  It  is  mani- 
festly a  close  ally  to  the  Sericoleuci,  Gilensis  section.  Coconino  in 
the  San  Francisco  Mts.,  Arizona.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 


J 


243 


BISULCATI.    24. 


Pods  wholly   l-cellecl,   pendent   on   a   slender  stipe 
which  exceeds  the  calyx  except  in  A.  oocalycis,  oval  to 
linear,  7-25  mm.  long,  5-7  mm.  wide,  triangular-pointed 
to    apiculate,    completely    obcompressed    ventrally,    and 
dorsfllly  often  flat,  nearly  smooth  to  conspicuously  and 
parallel-cross-veined,    chartaceous,    opening    along    the 
ventral  suture  if  at  all,  not  explanate,  cross  section  that 
of  a  vertical  half-section  of  the  figure  8  by  having  the 
ventral  side  bisulcate,  the  grooves  being  on  each  side  of 
the    conspicuously   raised    and   thickened    suture    (when 
young  the  pods  are  normally  greatly  laterally  compressed 
and  not  sulcate),  ventral  suture  often  convex,  rigid,  with 
a  thin  edge,  dorsal  suture  not  evident.    Flowers  7-15  mm. 
long,  narrow  (broad  in  oocalycis),  with  slightly  exserted 
claws,  horizontal,  reflexed  in  fruit,  densely  spicate,  be- 
coming  looser   in   f^Mit,    many,   the    keel    conspicuously 
elongated  and  mostly  as  long  as  the  banner.     Banner 
nearly  ovate,  5-7  mm.  long,  with  sides  greatly  reflexed 
and     so     seemingly     narrow,     deeply     notched,     rather 
abruptly  arched  beyond  calyx  tips  and  keel  to  at  least 
45%  veined  below.     Wings  obliquely  oblanceolate,  nar- 
row, obtuse,  much  arched  and  exposing  base  of  keel,  not 
over  2  mm.  wide,  barely  surpassing  keel.     Keel  blade  lu- 
nate   in    general    outline,    about    7    mm.    long,   the    base 
straight  and  then  gently  arched  to  the  nearly  erect  and 
rounded  purple-spotted  tip,  about  3  mm.  wide.     Calyx  in- 
clined to  be   inflated,   very  thin   and   hyaline,   normally 
white,  rarely  red,  saccate  at  base  on  the  upper  side,  2-5 
mm.     long,     cylindric-campanulate,    oblique    at    tip    and 
base,  a  little  laterally  flattened,  not  contracted  at  either 
end,  inserted  on  the  lower  corner,  teeth  subulate  from  a 
deltoid  base,  not  as  long  as  tube,  unequal.     Pedicels  in- 
serted on  lower  corner  of  calyx  and  often  at  right  angles 
to  it,  filiform   (almost  none  in  A.  oocalycis),  ascending, 
in  fruit  often  5  mm.  long.     Bracts  conspicuous,  very  thin, 
with  very  narrow  or  thread-like  tips,  as  long  as  pedicels, 
5-7   mm.   long.     Peduncles  proper  generally  as  long  as 
leaves,  and  with  the  rachis  in  fruit  1-5  dm.  long,  strict 
and  erect,  sulcate  as  well  as  the  stems  and  petioles.     Stip- 
ules   rather    large    r.bove,    hyaline,    triangular,    green- 
tipped,  spreading  or  reflexed,  not  connate.     Upper  leaves 
with  short  petioles  or  none,  5-10  cm.  long  and  the  largest, 
the  lowest  leaves  very  small  and  long-petioled.    Leaflets 
about  10  (8-15)  pairs,  petiolulate,  and  jointed  to  rachis, 
flat,  obtuse,  about  smooth,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  rather  broadly 
linear  to   elliptical.      Stems   slender,   tufted    and   erect. 


Bisulcati.  244 

rarely  decumbent  at  base,  2-3  ft.  high,  perennial  from 
woody  roots.  Odor  snake-like.  Pubescence  attached 
by  base,  echinate,  very  short,  abruptly  appressed. 

KEY. 

A.  Pods  on  a  stipe  at  least  as  long  as  calyx  and  pendent.  Calyx 
tube  about  3-4  mm.  long,  little  inflated,  both  sides  about  straight. 
Flowers    not   stubby.      Leaflets   not   linear. 

Pods  oblong  or  oval.     ]-"lo\veis  white,  in  long  and  lnosc  spikes. 

205   Ilaydenianus. 
Pods  linear.     Flowers  normally  purple,  in  short  and  dense  spikes. 

206    bisulcatus. 
2A.       Pods    short-stipitate    and    wholly    inclosed    within    a    large    and 
bladdery  calyx.      Leaflets  linear.      Flowers  stubby  the  blades   not 
longer  than   calyx  tube. 

Calyx  shaggy  and  inflated.  207  oocalycis.- 

205.  Astragalus  Haydenianus  Gray  in  Brandegee's  Rep.  235 
(1876).  Pods  mostly  oval,  rarely  oblong,  rugulosely .  cross-nerved, 
often  papery,  7-9  mm.  long  by  nearly  4  mm.  wide,  very  variable  in 
texture,  rounded  at  both  ends,  obtuse,  minutely  nigrescent  but  seem- 
ingly smooth,  6-7-ovuled,  2-4-seeded,  with  ventral  grooves  broad  and 
ventral  face  widely  and  deeply  impressed,  the  suture  being  rib-like 
and  very  prominent  and  often  convex.  Stipe  not  longer  than  the 
calyx.  Flowers  white,  about  7-9  mm.  long.  Wings  appearing  as  if 
shorter  than  the  purple-tipped  keel.  Mature  banner  reflexed  till  the 
tip  nearly  touches  the  calyx,  about  9  mm.  long.  Calyx  white  and 
thin,  the  teeth  much  shorter  than  the  tube.  Spikes  in  fruit  linear  and 
often  3  dm.  long  and  fully  twice  as  long  as  peduncle  but  the 
peduncles  sometimes  a  foot  long.  Stems  slender  and  weakly  ascend- 
ing, many.  Pubescence  of  barely  flattened  hairs.  Occasional  from 
Palisade,  Nevada,  to  along  the  Virgin  river,  Utah,  above  St.  George 
and  along  the  north  side  of  the  Grand  Canon  and  throughout  the 
Navajo  Basin,  also  in  southern  Wyoming,  and  along  the  Rio  Grande 
in  New  Mexico.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  in  rather  alkaline 
places  on  bottoms,  nearly  wholly  on  the  Pacific   slope. 

Forms  of  this  species  which  have  been  described  as  species  or 
varieties  but  which  do  not  deserve  even  varietal  rank  are  as  follows: 
A.  Haydenianus  var.  Nevadensis  Jones,  which  is  A.  demissus  Greene 
and  A.  Jepsoni  Greene,  has  the  pods  not  evidently  rugulose,  about 
5-seeded,  papery,  barely  acute  at  each  end,  elliptical,  9  mm.  long, 
5  mm.  wide,  or  smaller.  Proper  peduncles  barely  as  long  as  the 
leaves.  Spikes  very  long  and  slender,  often  2  dm.  long.  Leaflets 
8-10  pairs,  thin,  obovate  to  ovate-oblong,  very  obtuse  or  retuse. 
Bracts  broadly  lanceolate,  barely  acute.  In  the  forms  described 
by  Greene  cited  above  from  the  same  locality  the  leaflets  are  linear- 
oblong  and   2   cm.   long. 

A.  grallator  Watson  is  an  abnormal  form  with  distinct  stipules 
acuminate-deltoid,  immature  pods  7  mm.  long,  ascending,  thin-coria- 
ceous, nearly  glabrous,  about  as  long  as  calyx,  transversely  rugose, 
at  first  laterally  compressed,  later  becoming  obcompressed  and  tur- 
gid. Leaflets  narrowly  oblong,  about  10  pairs,  1-2  cm.  long  Pe- 
duncles longer  than  the  leaves.  Pedicels  filiform,  7-9  mm  long 
Flowers  7  mm.  long,  pale-rose  to  white.  Steamboat  Springs,  Colo- 
rado. Var.  major  Jones.  This  is  a  stouter  form  approaching  A  bi- 
sulcatus. Pods  spreading,  seldom  pendent,  narrowly-elliptical-oblong, 
rugulose-veined,  straight  to  curved,  1  cm.  long  by  3'mm.  wide  shortly 
acute  at  both  ends,  dorsal  suture  a  little  sulcate.  Flowers  1  cm. 
long,  narrow.     Banner  ascending.     Claws  of  wings  exserted.     Pedi- 


245  Bisulcati. 

eels  villous.  Bracts  narrowly  lanceolate,  acuminate,  longer  than 
the  pedicels.  Calyx  lobes  equal  the  tube.  Leaflets  7-9  pairs,  nar- 
rowly elliptical  to  linear-lanceolate,  very  obtuse,  apiculate.  Sink 
Valley,  Utah.  A.  scobinatulus  Sheldon  was  partly  founded  on  this 
and  on  A.  racemosus  and  bisulcatus. 

206.  Astragalus  bisulcatus  (Hook)  Gray  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  12 
42  t  I  B  (1860).  Phaca  bisulcata  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  145 
(1834),  Diholcus  Rydberg,  Astragalus  bisulcatus  var.  decalvans  Gan- 
doger.  Pods  linear  to  narrowly  elliptical,  triangular-acute  at  tip 
and  base,  1-2  cm.  long,  rather  shining,  with  cross-nerves  almost  none, 
often  involute  ventrally  with  sides  touching  the  ventral  suture  and 
so  the  pod  seems  cylindrical,  chartaceous,  usually  glabrous.  Flow- 
ers variable  but  mostly  purple,  rarely  white,  about  1  cm.  long,  not 
very  narrow,  nodding,  in  dense  short  (2.5-5  cm.  long)  spikes.  Ban- 
ner arched  to  45-90°,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  1  mm.  longer 
than  keel.  Keel  nearly  straight.  Calyx  3-5  mm.  long,  campanulate- 
cylindric.  Teeth  variable,  often  setaceous,  2-3  mm.  long,  about  as 
long  as  tube.  Bracts  4  mm.  long,  ovate-acuminate,  hyaline,  seta- 
ceous often.  Pedicels  2-4  mm.  long.  Spikes  closely  flowered  and 
7.5-15  cm.  long  in  fruit,  shorter  than  the  peduncles,  and  these  longer 
than  the  leaves.  Leaves  thickish,  nearly  sessile.  Leaflets  8-13  pairs, 
elliptical  to  narrowly  lanceolate,  somewhat  petiolulate,  clothed  be- 
neath with  minute  hairs.  Stipules  ovate  lanceolate,  hyaline,  acute, 
upper  ones  large  and  conspicuous,  connate  only  below.  Stems  erect, 
4-7  mm.  thick,  rather  stout.  Plants  minutely  pubescent  even  to  the 
pods.  Common  on  the  alkaline  plains  from  northern  New  Mexico 
to  the  Saskatchewan,  not  on  the  Pacific  slope  except  at  the  north 
and  then  occurring  only  on  the  heads  of  the  rivers.  Middle  Tem- 
perate life  zone.  The  var.  decalvans  Gandoger  is  only  a  white  flow- 
ered form. 

207.  Astragalus  oocalycis  Jones  Cont.  8  10  (1898).  A.  urceo- 
latus  Greene.  Pods  like  those  of  A.  Haydenianus  but  very  shortly 
atipitate  to  long-stipitate,  obcompressed,  oval,  7  mm.  long,  3  mm. 
wide,  nearly  flat,  finely  cross-nerved,  smooth,  immature  pods  lat- 
erally flattened.  Flowers  nearly  sessile,  densely  spicate,  somewhat 
reflexed,  yellowish-white;  petals  7  mm.  longer  than  calyx,  the  blades 
hardly  half  as  long  as  calyx  tube.  Banner  oval,  thick  at  base,  arched 
to  45-90°  in  a  gentle  curve,  the  erect  part  a  little  over  2  mm. 
long,  very  stubby,  with  sides  reflexed  above.  Wings  oblanceolate, 
nearly  straight,  nearly  as  long  as  banner,  about  2  mm.  longer  than 
keel.  Keel  obtuse,  short,  forming  about  a  half-circle,  3-4  mm.  long, 
2  mm.  wide,  purple-tipped.  Calyx  greatly  inflated,  9  mm.  long, 
7  mm.  wide,  hyaline,  shaggy-villous  with  white  hairs,  with  straight 
base  and  upper  side  arched  near  the  base ;  teeth  triangular,  2  mm. 
long.  Pedicels  almost  none.  Bracts  7-9  mm.  long.  Peduncles  9  cm. 
long,  stout,  with  dense  spikes  5  cm.  long.  Leaves  ascending,  about 
1  dm.  long,  with  leaf  rachis  tapering,  sulcate  and  not  over  8  cm. 
long,  the  petiole  about  2.5  cm.  long.  Leaflets  thick,  8  pairs,  opposite, 
linear,  acute  at  both  ends,  long-petiolulate,  puberulent  below,  smooth 
above,  3  cm.  long,  7-10  mm.  apart,  1-3  mm.  wide.  Stipules  hyaline, 
deltoid-triangular,  adnate,  5-7  mm.  long.  Stems  erect,  flexuous,  2 
feet  higii.  Internodes  about  3-4  cm.  long.  Pubescence  ashy,  with 
hairs  attached  by  base  but  tapering  below  and  with  a  little  knob  as 
if  a  rudiment  of  a  branch  of  a  hair  attached  near  the  middle.  On 
bottom  lands  at  Aztec,  New  Mexico,  and  Arboles,  Colorado,  Wooton 
and  Baker.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  This  is  probably  not  a 
good  species,  has  the  appearance  of  a  sport  and  the  general  look  of 
A.  racemosus,  as  if  caused  by  some  insect  injury,  but  Baker's 
specimens  from  Arboles  seem  perfectly  normal  and  in  good  fioiit, 
the  calyx  is  much  the  same  as  in  A.  Lehmanni  of  Asia.  The  leaves, 
peduncles  and  stems  are  about  equally  green.  The  pod  is  from  al- 
most sessile  to  long  stipitate. 


246 


GALEGIFORMES.     25. 

Pods  chartaceous  to  cori?>ceous,  not  fleshy,  nearly  to 
fully  linear,  2.5-5  cm.  loni?.  3-7  mm.  high,  opening  first 
at  tip,  mostly  slightly  inflated,  mostly  slender-stipitate, 
not  jointed  to  stipe,  reflexed,  triangular-acute  at  both 
ends,  smooth,  triciuetrous  to  reniform  in  cross  section, 
ventral  suture  raised  and  thickened.  Flowers  reflexed,  in 
dense  racemes,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  white  (drying  to  yel- 
lowish) but  often  tinged  wath  purple,  narrow.  Banner 
elongated  and  much  longer  than  the  wings,  with  sides 
much  reflexed.  Wings  elongated,  narrowly  oblong,  at 
least  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  obliquely  and 
broadly  oblanceolate,  about  7  mm.  long,  rounded  in  a 
gentle  arc  to  tip  which  is  erect  and  obtuse.  Calyx  hya- 
line, inclined  to  be  colored  like  the  flowers,  variously 
hairy  but  not  shaggy,  cylindric,  about  5  mm.  long  and  3 
mm.  high,  little  oblique  at  tip,  sometimes  a  little  nar- 
rower below,  abruptly  rounded  at  base  to  the  lower  cor- 
ner where  it  is  attached  to  pedicel  and  nearly  at  a  right 
angle  to  it.  Pedicels  rather  slender.  Bracts  triangular- 
subulate,  mostly  longer  than  pedicels.  Peduncles  stout, 
strict,  5-30  cm.  long.  Upper  leaves  nearly  sessile.  Leaf- 
lets 5-20  pairs,  rather  long-petiolulate,  cuneate  at  base, 
mostly  flat,  rather  thick,  obtuse  to  barely  acute,  1-3  cm. 
long.  Stems  rather  many  and  tufted  from  an  erect  root, 
ascending  to  erect,  1-3  ft.  high.  Internodes  inclined  to  be 
much  shorter  than  leaves.  Stems  2-7  mm.  thick.  Pu- 
bescence attached  by  base,  mostly  scanty,  upper  side  of 
leaflets  normally  smooth. 

KEY. 

A.  Pods  wholly  1 -celled,  straight  or  nearly  so,  ventral  suture  aboat 
straight   to  tip.      Leaflets    1.5-3   cm.   long. 

Pods  not  2^elled.  208  racemosu.s. 

Pods  nearly  2-celled.  209  scopulorum. 

Pods  incompletely  2-celled  by  the  dorsal  suture  being  pro- 
duced toward  the  ventral  variously,  nearly  straight  and  when 
about  straight  then  the  ventral  suture  is  the  mor«  arched,  acu- 
minate at  base,  abruptly  acute  at  the  declined  tip  which  is  about 
in  a  line  with  the  dorsal  suture,  a  little  oblique  at  least  at  tip, 
linear  to  narrowly  elliptical-oblong,  deeply  sulcate  dorsally  an«f 
with  narrow  sulcus,  with  sides  convex  or  rarely  flat  when  ma- 
ture, smooth.  Stipe  as  long  as  calyx  tube.  Calyx  oblique  at 
mouth.  Flower  2-2.5  cm.  long,  white  (yellowish  when  dry). 
Banner  fiddle-shaped  with  sides  much  reflexed.  Bracts  sca- 
rious,  subulate,  about  2  mm.  long,  as  long  as  or  longer  than 
the  pedicels  in  flower.  Pedicels  2-4  mm.  long,  curved.  Calyx 
teeth  subulate  and  about  2  mm.  long.  Peduncles  fully  as  long 
as    the    leaves    or    more,    strict,    and    (like    the    stems)     grooved. 


2A.      Pod 


247  GalegJformes. 

Leaf  rachis  conspicuously  tapering.  Leaflets  oval  to  narrowly- 
elliptical,  8-15  pairs,  rather  thin,  10-15  mm.  long,  about  con- 
tiguous, rounded  and  obtuse.  Upper  leaves  nearly  all  sessile, 
7-10  cm.  long.      Stipules  long-acuminate. 

Pubescence  shaggy.  ,  2io  Drummondii. 

208.  Astras^alus  racemosus  Pursh  Fl.  740  (1814).  A.  galegioides 
Nutt.  Tium  Rydberg:.  Pods  2-3  cm.  long,  about  5  mm.  high,  and  4  mm. 
uide,  opening  first  at  base  and  along  the  ventral  suture,  shining,  very 
faintly  reticulated,  abruptly  acute  at  tip  and  rather  tapering  at  base, 
young  pods  decidedly  more  arched  ventrally,  but  the  suture  sometimes  a 
little  concave  with  age  and  the  tip  nearly  in  line  with  it,  cross  section 
triquetrous  with  concave  sides  to  oblstely  deltoid,  dorsal  suture  not 
evident  externally  but  raised  as  a  thin  edge  within,  ventral  suture 
sharp  and  narrow.  Stipe  not  longer  than  calyx,  about  2  mm.  long, 
bent  near  the  middle  and  with  a  knob  but  not  jointed.  Flowers 
very  many  in  dense  spike-like  racemes,  purple  tipped  to  white,  with 
snake-like  odor,  12-20  mm.  long,  rather  narrow.  Blades  of  petals 
8-10  mm.  long  and  with  exserted  claws.  Banner  arched  to  erect 
or  less  in  gentle  arc  beyond  calyx  tips,  oblanceolate,  faintly  purple- 
veined,  little  longer  than  the  wings,  seeming  very  narrow  from  the 
sides  being  much  reflexed.  Wings  2  mm.  wide,  lanceolate  to  lin- 
ear-oblanceolate,  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner,  rounded,  wider  at  tip, 
not  arched,  narrower  and  a  little  longer  than  keel.  Keel  obliquely 
lanceolate-oblong,  the  tip  gently  rounded  to  30-60%  7  mm.  long,  3 
mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  shoi't-cylindric,  4  mm.  long,  about  3  mm.  high 
and  2  mm.  wide,  a  little  arched,  not  narrowed  below,  truncate  at 
base  and  gibbous.  Teeth  setaceous  and  variable.  Pedicels  nearly 
filiform  (except  in  one  variety)  2  mm.  long.  Bracts  hyaline,  never 
shorter  than  the  pedicels,  rather  deciduous,  with  thread-like  tips, 
variable,  2-10  mm.  long.  Peduncles  5-16  cm.  long,  shorter  than 
the  leaves,  with  the  floral  rachis  5-10  cm.  long  in  flower  and  often 
a  foot  long  in  fruit,  the  spikes  very  dense  and  wide.  Leaves  not 
over  1.5  dm.  long,  the  upper  the  largest,  rather  stout.  Petioles 
rarely  2  cm.  long,  almost  none  above.  Leaf  rachis  tapering  and 
stout.  Leaflets  10-16  pairs,  1-2  cm.  long,  3-7  mm.  wide,  lanceolate- 
elliptical  to  ovate-elliptical  or  nearly  lineai-,  sub-alternate,  contigu- 
uous,  leathery,  truncate  to  rounded  and  apiculate,  ashy  with  small, 
flat  and  closely  appressed  hairs.  Stipules  lanceolate  to  triangular- 
subulate,  very  broad  at  base  and  connate  below,  often  15  mm.  long. 
Stems  stout,  erect,  2-3  ft.  high,  sulcate,  flexuous,  with  internodes 
4-7  cm.  long,  several  from  a  several  crowned,  erect,  stout  root. 
Grows  on  poor  and  mostly  clay  soil  on  the  Plains  from  the  Canadian 
Pacific  R.  R.  southward  to  central  Mexico,  eastward  into  Nebraska. 
Not  on  the  Pacific  or  Great  Basin  drainage.  Middle  and  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone. 

Astragalus  racemosus  var.  brevisetus  Jones  Cont.  7  662  (1894). 
Bracts  ovate-subulate,  about  2  mm.  long.  Calyx  teeth  2  mm.  long 
and  tube  gibbous  above,  broadly  oblong  in  outline,  3  mm.  long,  2  mm. 
high,  spuiTed.  Pedicels  2  mm.  long  in  flower,  stout,  longer  than  the 
bracts.  Leaflets  about  20  pairs.  Hoary  plants.  This  grows  on  the 
southern  Plains,  Nebraska  to  Texas. 

Astragalus  racemosus  var.  longisetus  Jones  Cont.  7  663  (1895). 
Bracts  very  long-setaceous,  as  long  as  calyx  tube.  Calyx  teeth  seta- 
ceous and  long.  Leaflets  about  2  cm.  long  and  7  mm.  wide,  elliptical. 
Stipules  large  and  reflexed.  Plants  mostly  robust.  On  the  northern 
Plains  from  Colorado  to  Alberta. 

209.  Astragalus  scopulorum  Porter  Fl.  Col.'  24  (1874).  A. 
subcompressus  Gray,  A.  rasus  Sheldon,  Tium  Rydberg.  Pods  with 
body  about  2.5-3  cm.  long,  5-7  mm.  high,  and  4  mm.  wide,  vei-y 
shortly-racemose-spicate,  acuminate  at  base  into  a  slender  stipe 
which' is  as  long  as  or  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx  tube,  opening  along 


Galegiforme*.  248 

both  sutures  from  tip  to  tip  but  valves  not  falling:,  chartaceous,  a 
little  inflated,  abruptly  triangular-acute  at  tip  and  tip  declined  and 
about  in  line  with  the  dorsal  suture  as  in  A.  Drummondii,  arcu- 
ate or  when  straight  the  ventral  suture  the  more  convex  and  sharp 
along  the  edge  as  in  A.  racemosus,  broadly  linear,  deeply  sulcate  dor- 
sally  normally  reddish,  with  surface  uneven  and  veiny,  with  dorsal 
suture  intruded  nearly  to  the  ventral  as  a  hyaline  double  partition 
and  which  opens  along  the  lower  side  when  mature  but  not  along  the 
inner  edge,  cross-section  about  cordate-ovate  with  sides  never  con- 
cave. Floral  rachis  rarely  5  cm.  long.  Flowers  many,  long-clawed, 
about  2  cm.  long.  Banner  nearly  erect  in  a  sharp  curve  beginning 
beyond  calyx  tips,  the  erect  part' fully  1  cm.  long,  oblong-oblanceo- 
late,  2-8  mm.  longer  than  wings,  rather  fleshy  below;  groove  V- 
ahaped  at  keel  tip,  shallowing  to  nothing  above;  sides  reflexed  2-4 
mm.  wide  in  the  middle  and  waterlined.  Wings  oblong-elliptical  to 
lanceolate,  either  straight  or  arched  45%  4-7  mm.  longer  than  keel, 
4  mm.  wide,  concave  to  keel,  widest  part  at  keel  tip.  Keel 
straight,  the  blade  4  mm.  long  and  2-4  mm.  high,  the  tip  abruptly 
arched  to  erect  and  blunt,  claw  exserted.  Calyx  tube  nigrescent, 
cylindric-campanulate,  about  7  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  nar- 
rowed at  tip,  2-4  mm.  wide,  not  cleft  deeper  above  noticeably,  gib- 
bous at  base  and  often  saccate  on  the  upper  comer,  upper  side 
arched,  the  lower  straight,  green  and  thickened  on  the  lower  cor- 
ner, horizontal  in  flower,  teeth  unequal,  barely  half  as  long  as  tube. 
Bracts  dark,  with  hyaline  edges,  longer  than  the  pedicels.  Peduncles 
5-15  cm.  long.  Floral  rachis  about  5  cm.  long,  not  elongating 
much  with  age.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  all  practically  sessile.  Leaflets 
thin,  elliptical,  truncate  to  rounded,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  green  or  glau- 
cous, apiculate,  5-13  pairs.  Stipules  conspicuously  united  opposite 
the  petiole  below,  large.  Stems  rather  densely  tufted,  decumbent,  1-2 
ft.  long,  branched  below.  Root  deep,  branched,  erect.  Pubescence 
almost  none.  In  moist  canons  in  western  and  southern  Colorado 
and  adjoining  New  Mexico  and  up  as  high  as  9,000  ft.  alt.  Com- 
mon in  oak  brush  in  the  La  Sals,  Utah,  at  7,000  to  8,000  ft.  alt.  It 
has  spread  to  Thistle,  Utah,  along  the  railroad.  Middle  Temperate 
life  zone. 

210.  Astragalus  Drummondii  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  153  t.  57 
(1834).  Tium  Rydberg.  Pods  linear,  curved  ventrally  or  dor- 
sally,  about  3  cm.  long,  about  3  mm.  wide  and  high,  torulose,  coria- 
ceous, finely  cross-nerved,  with  cross  section  rcniform,  very  hairy 
within,  walls  soft  and  about  1.5  mm.  thick  when  fresh,  the  tip  very 
oblique  and  declined,  the  sutures  very  thick  and  rigid  and  without 
the  thin  sharp  edge  as  in  scopulorum  and  racemosus,  and  deep  red- 
dish brown,  forming  very  strong  ribs,  the  pod  opening  only  a  little 
at  the  tip  along  the  dorsal  suture,  dorsal  suture  produced  a  very  little 
as  a  thin  partition  except  at  tip  but  nearly  touching  the  ventral 
because  of  pod  being  so  sulcate.  Stipe  about  twice  the  calyx. 
Fruiting  spikes  often  a  foot  long  with  closely  reflexed  calyx.  Flow- 
ers bright-white,  variably  yellowish  when  dry,  many  and  dense.  Ban- 
ner ascending  in  a  long  arc  remote  from  calyx  as  in  scopulorum  and 
about  1.5  cm.  long  and  7  mm.  wide  at  base;  groove  V-shaped,  about 
1  mm.  wide  and  high  and  continuing  to  tip.  Wings  obliquely  lance- 
oblong  and  acute,  2  mm.  wide,  concave  to  keel  and  spreading  30°  at 
tip,  3  mm.  longer  than  keel,  cream-colored,  the  very  tips  incurved. 
Keel  5  mm.  long,  bent  abruptly  to  erect,  with  a  small  projection 
below  the  tip  or  the  purple  tip  abruptly  turned  out  as  a  deltoid 
beak.  Calyx  cream-colored,  minutely  appressed-pubescent,  barely 
to  somewhat  gibbous  at  base  and  widest  there,  about  3  mm.  high 
below  and  2  mm.  wide,  2  mm.  high  at  tip,  appearing  as  if  urn- 
shaped.  Teeth  triangular-subulate  and  about  half  as  long  as  the 
tube,  the  lower  the  longer.  Pedicels  4  mm.  long  in  fruit.  Leaves 
7-10  cm.  long,  the  upper  sessile  the  lower  short-petioled.  Leaflets 
1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  narrowly  to  broadly  elliptical,  obtuse  to  notched, 


249  Galegiformes.  ' 

12-15  pairs,  smooth  on  the  upper  side.  Stipules  ovate,  not  connate, 
much  acuminate.  Stems  very  stout  and  strict  2-3  ft.  high,  nearly 
simple,  with  internodes  several  times  shorter  than  the  leaves,  several 
from  thick  and  rather  woody  roots.  Plants  much  infested  by  in- 
sects and  fungi.  Pubescence  shaggy  all  over  except  on  the  shining 
and  smooth  pods  and  calyx.  Grows  in  gravelly  places  and  clay 
land  in  the  upper  edge  of  the  Lower  and  throughout  the  Middle 
Temperate  life  zone.  Blooms  in  late  summer.  From  the  Plains  of 
Central  Colorado  at  least  as  far  south  as  Wet  Mountain  Valley  to 
the  Saskatchewan,  westward  to  head  of  Salina  canon  and  near 
Provo,  Utah,  to  Deer  Lodge  Valley,  Montana.     Rare  in  Utah. 


\,  >  250  ■■    ' 

LONCHOCARPI.     26. 

This  group  is  nearest  related  to  the  Bisulcati  be- 
cause of  the  obcompressed  pod  inclined  to  be  bisulcate, 
1-celled,  stipitate,  and  opening  only  along  the  ventral  su- 
ture, but  in  other  features  it  approaches  the  Homalobi. 
Stems  flexuous,  1-2  ft.  high,  rather  rush-like  and,  like 
the  leaves  and  peduncles,  round,  striate,  green  and  rather 
fleshy  and  drying  very  slowly,  slender.  Stipules  small, 
rigid,  deltoid.  Leaves  short-petioled,  of  few  distant  leaf- 
lets or  none.  Leaflets  nearly  filiform,  round  in  cross  sec- 
tion or  channeled,  1-3  cm.  long,  blunt,  terminal  leaflet  a 
mere  prolongation  of  rachis  and  not  jointed  to  it.  Pe- 
duncles stout,  erect,  with  the  rachis  1-2  dm.  long,  race- 
mosely  few-flowered  above  the  middle.  Bracts  minute, 
rather  broad,  shorter  than  the  rather  stout  pedicels. 
Calyx  cylindrical,  truncate  at  both  ends  (triangular  at 
base  in  lonchocarpus),  attached  near  the  middle,  the 
teeth  shorter  than  tube  whi':'h  is  3-6  mm.  long  and  2  mm. 
wide.  Flowers  about  1-1.5  cm.  long,  the  blades  half  as  long 
and  sharply  arched  and  rather  wide,  pearl-white  to 
light-purple.  Pods  pendent  on  recurved  pedicels  which 
are  not  twisted,  slightly  sulcate  to  much  obcompressed 
ventrally,  with  thick  and  conspicuous  ventral  suture 
somewhat  raised,  acute  at  both  ends  and  stipitate  or  con- 
tracted at  base  and  seemingly  stipitate,  opening  along  the 
ventral  suture  and  inclined  to  be  explanate,  the  cavity 
inflated  somewhat,  smooth  to  ashy,  2-6  cm.  long,  nar- 
rowly oblong  to  linear-oblanceolate,  nearly  straight, 
ventral  suture  mostly  the  more  arched,  about  5  mm.  wide. 

KEY. 

A.       Pods  with  stipe  if  any  shorter  than  calyx. 

Flowers  1-2  cm.  lonj;,  wliite. 

Fods  conical-acute  at  both  ends.  211   Kaihensis. 

Pods  with  long  and  flat  beak.  212  Osterhouti. 

Flowers  7  mm.  long,  not  white.  21;,   Diuhesnensis. 

2A.  Pods  long-stipitate,  greatly  obcompressed  so  that  the  cross 
section  is  nearly  linear  to  oblately  deltoid  or  quadrate,  mostly 
very  broadly  and  shallow-sulcate  on  each  side  of  the  thick  ven- 
tral suture,  pendulous,  opening  only  along  the  ventral  suture 
and  explanate  with  age,  coriaceous,  often  a  trifle  wider  above, 
about   5   cm.   long. 

Whole  plant  green  and  rush-like.  214  lonchocarpu.;, 

211.  Astragalus  Kaibensis  Jonps  Cont.  10  64  (1902).  Almost 
exactly  similar  to  A.  Episcopus  except  that  the  leaves  are  rarely 
over  5  cm.  long-,  the  pedicels  sometimes  only  twice  the  bracts,  and 
in  the  flowers  and  pods.  Pods  about  2  cm,  lonp:,  oblong,  conical- 
acute   at   both  ends,   5-6  mm.   in   diameter  and   cross  section   about 


251  Lonchocarpi.  } 

circular,  a  trifle  sulcate  ventrally,  ventral  suture  a  little  the  more 
arched,  the  cavity  much  wider  than  the  seeds  and  so  decidedly  in- 
flated, smooth.  Flowers  white,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  straight,  ascending. 
Calyx  cylindrical,  about  6  mm.  long  and  2- mm.  wide,  about  round, 
with  triangular  rather  fleshy  oblique  base  attached  on  the  lower 
corner  straight  with  base,  slightly  oblique  at  tip,  with  subulate  teeth 
from  a  deltoid  base  about  1  mm.  long.  Petals  about  as  in  A.  Epis- 
copus.  The  flowers  approach  those  of  A.  lonchocarpus.  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone,  growing  in  sandy  places  at  House  Rock  north  of 
Lee's  Ferry,   Ariz. 

212.  Astragalus  Osterhouti  n.  sp.  Pods  (including  the  short 
stipe)  3.5-4  cm.  long,  about  4  mm.  high,  slightly  to  much  laterally 
flattened,  the  cross  section  being  narrowly  elliptical  to  oval,  not  at 
all  sulcate  at  either  suture,  acuminate  at  both  ends,  the  tip  a  long 
flat  beak,  the  base  with  the  rather  thick  sutures  uniting  into  a  stout 
stipe  as  long  as  or  much  shorter  than  the  calyx,  surface  smooth, 
reticulations  slight  and  wide,  ventral  suture  inclined  to  be  convex 
about  two-thirds  the  way  up,  and  sutures  equally  approaching  above, 
but  not  always,  with  the  general  appearance  of  A.  Kaibensis.  Pods 
short-racemose,  rather  many,  on  pedicels  4-7  mm.  long,  which  are 
several  times  longer  than  the  small  bracts.  Flowers  ochroleucous, 
about  2  cm.  long,  about  as  in  A.  racemosus.  Banner  about  1  cm. 
long,  ovate,  arched  remotely  from  calyx  to  45°,  with  sides  much  re- 
flexed  below,  4-6  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  about  2  mm.  wide, 
3  mm.  longer  than  keel,  nearly  straight.     Keel  about  4  mm.  long  and 

2  mm.  wide,  the  tip  very  obtuse  and  rounded,  3  mm.  high.  Calyx 
tube  6-7  mm.  long,  about  4  mm.  high,  oblique  and  cleft  deeper  above, 
the  base  deltoid  or  rounded,  not  saccate,  teeth  not  1  mm.  long,  tri- 
angular, surface  minutely  pubescent  with  sparse  and  very  short 
appressed  hairs.  Peduncles  about  a  foot  long,  very  stout,  often  4 
mm.  thick,  subterminal.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  wide,  of  about 
4-5  pairs  of  linear,  thick,  blunt,  rather  arcuate  leaflets  2-3  cm. 
long  and  2  mm.  wide,  phyllodia-like  and  gi-een  as  are  the  rachis  and 
peduncles.  Petiole  shorter  than  the  lowest  leaflet.  The  upper  leaf- 
lets are  almost  sessile  and  the  lower  rather  long-petiolulate,  but  all 
jointed  to  the  coarse  but  tapering  rachis.  Stems  probably  2-3  ft. 
high.  Stipules  small,  inclined  to  be  connate  opposite  the  petiole. 
This  remarkably  distinct  species  certainly  belongs  here  in  flowers 
and  general  fruit  character  but  other  characters  remind  one 
forcibly  of  the  Episcopus  group.  Sulphur  Springs,  Grand  Co.,  Colo- 
rado. Nos.  3038  and  3235,  July,  1905,  and  June,  1906,  Geo.  E.  Os- 
terhout  for  whom  it  is  named.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

213.  Astragalus  Duchesnensis  Jones  Cont.  13  9  (1910).  Plants 
with  the  filiform  and  much  branched  underground  stems  of  A.  jun- 
ceus,  loosely  tufted  with  mostly  single  stems  to  a  root-branch.  In- 
ternodes  2.5-5  cm.  long.  Whole  plant  except  the  calyx  ashy.  Stems 
racemosely  branched  from  the  base  and  angled  to  about  45°.  Leaves 
5-8  cm.  long,  with  about  3  pairs  of  leaflets  1-2  mm.  wide  and  1-2 
cm.  long,  petiolulate.  Peduncles  and  rachis  about  1  dm.  long.  Bracts 
minute  and  deltoid.  Pedicels  in  flower  very  short,  in  fruit  2  mm. 
long.      Calyx  and   pedicel   nigrescent.      Calyx   short-cylindric,    about 

3  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  wide,  reddish,  cleft  deeper  above,  not  com- 
pressed, teeth  rudimentary  and  deltoid.  Flowers  red  to  pink-pur- 
ple, drying  blue,  banner  oval,  about  7  mm.  long,  arched  to  90^  in 
gentle  arc  from  calyx  tip,  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide,  most  in 
the  middle,  a  little  black-nerved  above,  notched,  a  trifle  longer 
than  wings,  white  spot  with  about  6  broad  and  white  bands  coming 
within  1  mm.  of  tip  and  sides,  sulcus  shallow  and  very  broad. 
Wings  lunate-oblanceolate,  2  mm.  wide,  a  little  narrowed  above, 
obtuse,  arched  about  45",  white,  entii'e,  flat  to  the  keel  and  about 
1  mm.  longer.  Keel  with  arched  base,  tip  very  broad,  incurved  more 
than  90°,  about  2  mm.  high,  black-purple  tipped,  surpassing  calyx  by 
5  mm.,  tip  deltoid  at  end.  Pods  white  when  young,  nearly  straight 
but  arcuate   rather   more   below   or  sometimes   forming   a   slight   S 


Lonchocarpi.  252 

by  being  reversed  curved  at  tip,  linear-oblanceolate  to  broadly  lin- 
ear, 3-6  cm.  lonj?,  5-7  mm.  wide  above  the  middle,  obcompressed 
ventrally  and  with  a  slight  concavity  but  not  bisulcate,  cross  section 
often  flat  to  deltoid,  hairy  within,  a  little  inflated,  chartaceous  to 
leathery,  apiculate  to  very  acute  at  tip  and  narrowed  to  a  very 
broad  pseudostipe  at  base.  Ventral  suture  a  little  raised,  dorsal 
impressed.  Pod  reddish  to  green.  Common  on  the  sandy  mesas 
from  13  miles  below  Theodore,  Utah,  to  Chepeta  Well,  Colorado, 
and  the  White  river.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  A.  pinonis  Jones 
is  very  liable  to  be  this  species  when  that  species  is  better  known, 
but  so  far  the  calyx  teeth  are  very  much  longer  and  pod  not  ob- 
compressed. 

214.  Astragalus  lonchocarpus  Torr.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  4  80 
(1857).  Phaca  macrocarpa  Gray  PI.  Fend.  36  (1849).  Tragacan- 
tha  lonchocarpa  (Torr.)  Kuntze,  Homalobus  macrocarpus  (Gray) 
Rydberg.  Pods  about  straight,  5-7  mm.  wide,  sharply  acuminate  at 
both  ends  and  long-acuminate  at  base,  broadly  linear-oblanceolate 
to  even  linear-elliptical,  faintly  cross-ribbed,  with  both  sutures  very 
prominent  when  dry,  fleshy  and  oblately  oval  in  cross  section  when 
fresh  and  pods  with  woody  fibers  running  lengthwise  which  appear 
as  red  dots  in  the  pulp  of  cross  sections;  dorsal  suture  raised 
and  nerve-like;  stipe  at  least  twice  the  calyx.  Flowers  many,  pearl- 
white  and  rather  fleshy,  rarely  purple,  loose,  horizontal  to  reflexed, 
1-1.5  cm.  long,  with  rather  broad  blades.  Banner  arched  to  90-110^ 
3  mm.  beyond  the  calyx  teeth  in  a  gentle  arc,  7  mm.  longer  than 
keel,  oblique,  narrowly  oblong  from  a  broad  base;  groove  narrowly 
U-shaped,  1  mm.  wide,  1.5  mm.  deep  and  extending  to  calyx  tips,  ' 
shallower  above  and  open.  Wings  linear  but  wider  2  mm.  below 
tip,  arched  so  as  to  cover  the  center  of  keel,  2  mm.  wide,  flat  to 
keel  but  concave  beyond  it,  not  spreading,  close-pressed  to  it  and 
5  mm.  longer.  Keel  bent  in  a  sharp  curve  to  100',  with  straight 
base,  the  erect  part  3-4  mm.  high  and  as  long  as  the  base,  mostly 
purple-tipped  but  yellowish  otherwise.  Calyx  tube  5-7  mm.  long, 
nearly  cylindric,  hyaline,  2  mm.  high,  1.5  mm.  wide,  with  thickened 
and  green  bracteolate  and  oblique  base,  reddish,  cleft  a  little  deeper 
above,  tapering  at  base  into  the  pedicel  which  is  reflexed  in  fruit; 
teeth  slender  to  deltoid,  about  2  mm.  long,  half  the  tube  or  less, 
broadly  subulate,  not  spreading.  Bracts  very  small,  half  as  long  as 
pedicels  or  less  in  fruit.  Pedicels  stout,  strigose,  5-7  mm.  long. 
Peduncles  in  flower  longer  than  the  spikes,  in  fruit  often  less,  1-3 
dm.  long,  not  manifestly  grooved  when  fresh  but  decidedly  so  when 
dry,  strict  and  erect,  subterminal,  densely  flowered  above.  Leaves 
leathery,  fleshy  when  fresh,  not  over  8  cm.  long.  Leaflets  none  to  3 
pairs,  linear  to  filiform,  rarely  wider  than  the  green  rachis  and  al- 
ways like  it,  1.5-3  cm.  long,  distant,  obscurely  jointed  to  rachis,  ses- 
sile, the  rachis  often  leafless  and  then  5-8  cm.  long,  the  end  leaflet 
not  conspicuously  and  rarely  at  all  enlarged.  Stipules  distinct,  or 
connate  below,  small.  Stems  many,  conspicuously  grooved,  densely 
tufted,  branched,  tall,  the  branches  not  {angled,  from  a  fleshy  and 
erect  taproot,  the  internodes  8  cm.  long  or  less.  Pubescence  hoary, 
composed  of  wide,  flat,  very  short  and  appressed  hairs  throughout 
except  on  the  pods  v/hich  are  nearly  smooth.  It  grows  in  poor  and 
alkaline  soil  and  has  the  habit  of  A.  junceus  but  without  the  under- 
ground and  branching  roots  and  grows  in  large  tufts  around  alka- 
line seeps  and  similar  slopes  and  washes.  The  peculiar  rush-like 
habit  with  stems  and  leaves  equally  green  cause  it  to  be  overlooked. 
From  Pioche,  Nevada,  northward  to  F'erguson  Spring  near  Ibapah, 
Utah,  eastward  from  Pioche  north  of  the  Grand  Canon  along  the 
Virgin  (north  to  Cedar  City)  and  the  Kanab  region,  throughout  the 
Navajo  Basin  drainage,  eastward  through  Durango  and  the  Little 
Colorado  to  the  Rio  Grande,  thence  northward  to  Pueblo  and  Canon 
City.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  in  very  poor  alkaline  soil  either 
sand   or  clay. 


253 


HAMOSI.    27. 


Pods  linear  or  naiTow,  1-4  cm.  long  (rarely  2  cm. 
long),  rarely  5  mm.  high,  nearly  always  laterally  flat- 
tened and  inclined  to  be  triquetrous  in  cross  section  and 
to  have  concave  sides,  mostly  acuminate  or  shai  p-pointed, 
2-celled  or  with  dorsal  suture  very  much  intruded,  nearly 
always  sulcate  dorsally,  rarely  so  ventrally  and  with 
ventral  suture  mostly  sharp  and  raised,  not  inflated  (a 
little  so  in  Mulfordse),  rigid,  coriaceous  only  in  glaber 
and  A.  distortus  and  then  somewhat  fleshy,  chartaceous 
(papery  in  Mulfordae  and  Inyoensis),  variably  arcuate. 
Flowers  small,  rarely  1.2  cm.  long,  in  racemes  (in  short 
spikes  in  sylvaticus-Nevinii  groups,  and  in  heads  in  A. 
calycosus).  Slender  perennials  (A.  Inyoensis  and  albens 
probably  are  winter  annuals)  spreading  over  the  ground 
in  small  tufts.  Stipules  connate  only  in  A.  Andersoni, 
Plants  of  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  but  extending  a 
little  into  the  adjoining  zones. 

i 
KEY. 

A.       Pods   not   refJexed,  sessile. 

AB.      Pods   nearly  round  to  renlform   in  cross-section,   not    jointed 
to  calyx,   inclined  to  be   narrower  below.      Flowers   with  cam- 
panulate    calyx.       Leaves    nearly    sessile,    with    many    pairs    of 
leaflets.      Pubescence  attached  by   the  base,   nol   hoary   except 
in    A.    Coahuilae    when    young.       Plants    of    New    Mexico    and 
eastward. 
ABC.       Pods    cartilaginous,    inclined    to    be    fleshy    v/hen    green, 
lunate  to  linear-oblanceolate,  acuminate  at  boCh  ends,  cross- 
section   about    renitorm,   rarely   triquetrous-cordate.       Calyx 
teeth    shorter    than    the    tube.       Flowers    rather    mnny    and 
nearly     capitate.        Leaflets     elliptical.        Stems     diffuse     and 
spreading. 

Pod;- lunate  and    tapering  at  both  ends.  215  distortus. 

AB2C.      Stems   erect,   a   foot   or  so   high.      Flowers    few   in   loose 
racemes.     Pods  coriaceous  only  in  the  first  species. 

Flowers  I  cm.  long,  white.  216  glaber. 

Flowers  8  mm.  long,  jiurple.  217  Coahuilae. 

A2B.  Pods  spreading,  inclined  to  be  jointed  to  (he  calyx,  2- 
celled,  nearly  linear  (sometimes  cblcng  in  A.  calycosus  and 
then  small),  somewhat  laterally  CatLened  to  nearly  round 
in  cross-section  and  about  triangular-ccrdatr,  chartaceous,  pu- 
bescent, not  less  than  7  mm.  long,  2-4  mm.  high,  a  little 
arcuate,  not  reflexed,  pungently  beaked,  ncrr  wed  at  base  but 
not  stipitate.  Flowers  7-10  mm.  long,  light-colored,  short 
and  stubby  much  as  in  A.  junceus,  in  heads  cr  short  racemes 
which  are  long-peduncled,  broad,  ascending^,  w  ih  broad  petals 
and  enlarged  or  lobed  wings.  Calyx  ca  ::ipanulatc,  about  4 
mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  with  short  teeih.  Pedicels  about  2 
mm.  long  and  longer  than  the  small  brccts.      Peduncles    1-1.5 


H«ino*i.  254 

i  dm.   long,  longer   than   the   Ie?,ves.    Leaflets   obovate   to   oblong- 

ovate,  rarely  linear.  Stems  branched  from  the  base  or  acau- 
lescent.  Pubescence  hoary,  of  flat  and  appressed  hairs  at- 
tached by  the  middle.  Stipules  triangular  and  small,  not  con- 
nate.     Species  closely  allied  to  Oxytropis.      Oxytropidoides. 

r<)(ls  acuminate.     Stems  lonj;  and  prostratL.  218  Ari/oniciis. 

Toils  not  acuminate.     Stems  almost  none.  219  calycosus_ 

2A.       Pods   stipitate   or   reflexed.      Pubescence   attached    by    the   base. 

2AB.       Pods  erect  on  a  stipe  shorter  than  the  ca!vx  and  jointed  to 

it,    triquetrous,    with    concavo    sides,    linear,    2-5    cm.    long,    2-3 

i  mm.   high,   acute   at   both   ends,   slighily   larger  toward   the   tip, 

smooth,     with     cross-section     Y-shaped.        Flo^wers     ascending, 

few    and    racemose.       Banner    oval,    5-6    mm.    long,    abruptly 

arched    at    calyx   tips    to    erect    or   more.      Wings    about    linear. 

I  Keel  blunt.  Bracts  minute.      Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves. 

I  Leaflets  thick,   flat,  distant.      Calyx   spreading  to  horizontal  in 

fruit.      Pubescence   ashy   and   closely   appressed   when   present. 

Stems    rather    rush-like    and     round,    colored    like    the    leaves. 

Hairs   short,  fiat,   white   but    inclined   to  be  dark   on   the   calyx. 

i  Plants  of  the  Californian  deserts.      Orcuttiani. 

Leaflets  about  4  pairs.  220  Bernardinus- 

Leaflets  about  15  pairs.  221   tricarinatus- 

2A2B.  Pods  deeply  sulcate  dorsally,  generally  obcompressed  be- 
low, and  much  arcuate,  chartaceous  barely  wider  above, 
about  2-3  cm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  smooth,  on  stout  stipe 
shorter  than  calyx  and  not  jointed  to  it,  cross  section  rather 
deltoid  or  oblately  so,  with  the  same  peculiar,  stubby,  de- 
clined tip  as  in  A.  Drummondii.  Leafiets  about  12  pairs, 
gradually  smaller  above,  distant,  nearly  round,  on  very  short 
I  petioles   and  with   long   and   tapering  leaf-rachis.      Tropical. 

Pods  with  concave  sides,  and  flowers  about  7  mm.  long.  222  OrcutlianMS. 

2A3B.      Pods    reflexed     (apparently    ascending    in    the    A.    Nevinii 

group     or     at     least     indifferently     spreading),   triquetrous     in 

cross-section,   never  straight. 

2A3BC.      Pods    not   stipitate,   jointed   to  calyx,   linear,   much   ar- 

i^  cuate.      Flowers   small. 

Pods  arched  to  a  half  circle.  223   drepanolobus- 

F         2A3B2C.       Pods  stipitate   (minutely  so  in   A.  Congdoni  and  An- 
^  dersoni). 

If-  2A3B2CD.       Pods    jointed    to    a    stipe    which    is    shorter    than 

tthe   calyx,   linear   to   narrowly   oblong. 
2A3B2CDE.      Whole    r«lfint    softly    silky,    even    the   pods   pu- 
fi^  bescent.      Pods   with   cordate   cross-section,   slightly  sul- 

|i-  cate    dorsally.       Flowers    white    or    whitish,    with    clon- 

al gated  banner   1-1.5  cm.  long.      Calyx  tube  about  4  mm. 

a*  long,    rather   truncate    below   and    inserted    on    the    cor- 

^;  ner,   cleft    deeper   above    and    oblique.       Leaflets   ellipti- 

P  cal     and    apiculate.        Pubescence     of     very     fine,     long, 

^  twisted   or  wavy,   nearly   smooth   hairs. 

Pod  closely  reflexed.  224  Concidoni. 

Pods  not  closely  rellexed.  225   Andersoni. 

■3^;  2A3B2CD2E.      Whole   plant   smooth   or   nearly  so  including 

j^  the  shiny    pods.      Flowers   small. 

Pods  arched  to  a  half  circle.  226  sylvaticus- 

W':  2A3B2CD3E.      Pods    shortly    appressed-pubescent,    tapering 

gr  into    a    short    stipe,    with    broad    cross-section.      Leaves 

I  silvery-hoary  with  short  and  appressed  hairs.     Flowers 

^  small. 

I'ods  arched  nearly  to  a  circle.  227  albens* 


255  Hamosi. 

2A3B2C2D.      Pods  not  jointed  to  stipe  which  is  mostly  longer 
than  the  caJyx,  nearly  straight    (much  arched   in  A.  Inyo- 
ensis). 
2A3B2C2DE.      Pods     rather    abruptly     contracted     at     both 
ends,   never  linear   not   wider  than   oblong.      Perennials 
(except  A.    Inyoensis). 
2A3B2C2DEF.       Pubescence    never    white-woolly,    plants 
not    shrubby    above    the    base.       Pods    reflexed,    about 
4  mm.  high,  very  oblique,  but  not  arcuate  evidently. 
Flowers   smaU,    sti:bby,   with    broad    keel,    not   over    1 
cm.    long,    raceir.ose.       Slender    plants.       Leaflets    6-9 
pairs,   not   over    1    cm.   long,   thick. 
2A3B2C2DEFG.      Pods     2-3     cm.    long     including     the 
stipe,   and    at    least    5   times   as   long   as   high   prob- 
ably   reflexed     but     appearing    ascending.        Upper 
leaves  about  sessile.   Pubescence  somewhat  scanty 
and  of  soft  and  very  fine  and  short  tangled  hairs, 
inclined  to  be  ashy.      Flowers  white. 
Pods  with  till  and  base  long.  22S  Howellii. 

2A3B2C2DEF2G.  Pods  about  1  cm.  long,  with  body 
not  over  three  times  as  long  as  wide,  papery,  a 
little  inflated,  abruptly  short-pointed  and  half- 
ovrl  or  arcuate-oblong,  with  deltoid  cross-section, 
with  ventral  suture  raised  and  thickened.  Ban- 
ner about  5  mm.  long,  oval.  Calyx  tube  about 
2  cm.  long,  acute  at  base.  Blooming  in  May. 
Polls  not  long-beaked.  229  Midfordae. 

Pods  long-beaked.  230  Inyoensis. 

2A3E2C2DE2F.  Plants  white-woolly,  with  woody  stems, 
densely  congested,  prostrate,  densely  leaved  and 
with  short  internodes.  Peduncles  stout,  longer  than 
the  leaves.  Leaflets  oval-obovate  6-9  mm.  long. 
Stipules  small  and  inconspicuous.  Ventral  suture 
raised  and  thickened  but  not  produced  as  a  sharp 
edge. 

Pods  smooth.  2:51  Nevinii, 

Pods  short-woolly.  232  Traskiae.' 

2A3B2C2D2E.      Pods     very     narrowly     linear     and     greatly 

elongated,  4-6  cm.  long  and  hardly  3   mm.  wide  or  high, 

long-acuminate   at    both   ends,    reflexed.      Perennials. 

Pods  alm.ist  tiliform  and  very  long.  233  Arthur!. 

215.  Astragalus  distortus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  333  (1838).  Tra^a- 
cantha  Kuntze.  Tium  Rydberff.  Pods  from  lunate  and  conspicuously 
tapering  at  both  ends  to  oblong-obovate,  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate 
and  less  sharply  pointed,  variable  on  the  same  plant,  reniform  to 
didymous  m  the  type  in  cross-section,  with  both  sutures  intruded 
and  sulcate  on  both  side  of  the  pod,  but  sulcate  most  alon?  the  dor- 
sal suture  and  that  suture  variously  produced  but  mostly '  nearly 
touching  the  ventral,  pod  inclined  to  be  obcompressed  in  the  type, 
much  arched  or  very  oblique  but  tip  straight  and  symmetrical  and 
triangular  to  apiculate,  pod  often  twisted  and  rugulose  with  uneven 
sides,  rather  smooth  and  reticulated  except  close  to  the  ventral  su- 
ture, rarely  truncate  at  base,  swollen  in  the  middle,  2-4  cm.  long 
about  5  mm.  wide  and  3-4  mm.  high,  sessile  or  with  minute  stipe' 
Flowers  10-20,  purplish  to  nearly  white.  7-12  mm.  long.  Banner 
elliptical,  about  7-10  mm.  long,  deeply  notched,  gently  arched  to 
4o  at  end  of  calyx  tips,  sides  reflexed.  Wings  narrowfy  oblong,  a 
little  arched,  about  1  mm.  wide,  2-3  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  about 
as  much  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  about  4  mm.  long,  surpassino- 
the  calyx,  arched  in  about  a  half  circle,  1-2  mm.  wide,  3  mm.  high 


Hamosi.  256 

at  the  rounded  and  nearly  erect  and  purple  tip.  Calyx  tube  nar- 
rowly campanulate,  about  3  mm.  long,  attached  near  the  lower 
corner,  the  broadly  triangular  teeth  about  half  as  long  and  nigres- 
cent. Pedicels  about  2  mm.  long,  longer  or  shorter  than  the  ovate 
to  triangular-subulate  bracts.  Peduncles  1-2  dm.  long,  filiform, 
rather  spreading.  Spikes  rounded  to  oblong.  Leaves  about  1  dm. 
long,  weak  and  lax  and  with  tapering  rachis  and  evident  petioles 
even  above.  Leaflets  7-19  (mostly  10)  pairs,  all  about  the  same 
size  on  each  leaf,  the  well  developed  ones  oblong  to  obovate,  with 
cuneate  and  long-petiolulate  base,  hardly  1  cm.  long,  those  of  the 
lowest  leaves  often  very  small  and  oval,  usually  notched.  Upper 
internodes  the  shorter.  Stems  1-2  ft.  long,  weak  and  straggling. 
Stipules  rather  broad,  acute,  green  and  spreading,  3-5  mm.  long. 
Plants  nearly  smooth.  From  Mason  Co.,  111.,  and  eastern  Kansas 
to  Oklahoma  and  southern  Texas  and  Mississippi  on  prairies  and 
margins  of  woods.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone  mostly.  Blooming  in 
spring. 

Astragalus  distortus  var.  Engelmanni  (Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud. 
9  152  (1894)  as  species).  Pods  lunate,  reticulated,  with  cross-sec- 
tion triangular-cordate,  the  dorsal  suture  inti-uded  only  as  a  raised 
line,  coriaceous,  not  obcompressed,  4-5  mm.  high.  No.  145  E.  Hall 
from  open  woods  at  Houston,  Texas,  in  flower  and  fruit  in  April. 
Also  Indian  Terr.    (Oklahoma)    by  Carleton. 

216.  Astragalus  glaber  Mx.  Fl.  2  66  (1803).  A.  apilosus 
Sheldon.  Tragacantha  Michauxii  Kuntze.  Pods  narrowly  oblong  to 
linear,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  4-6  mm.  high  or  wide,  coriaceous,  acute 
at  both  ends  and  a  little  curved  below,  somewhat  swollen  in  the  mid- 
dle, inclined  to  be  obcompressed  when  mature,  shallow-sulcate  dor- 
sally,  smooth,  reticulated,  not  fully  2-celled  the  suture  being  in- 
truded half  way,  with  triangular-reniform  cross  section.  Flowers 
white,  spreading  to  reflexed,  a  little  over  1  cm.  long,  not  narrow. 
Banner  6-8  mm.  long,  sharply  arched  at  calyx  tips  to  erect,  about 
4  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with  sides  reflexed  below.  Wings  oblan- 
ceolate,  little  longer  than  keel,  about  2  mm.  wide,  arched  45°. 
Keel  about  6  mm.  long,  the  base  a  trifle  convex,  then  abruptly  erecc 
and  tip  4  mm.  high,  triangular,  but  obtuse,  the  base  about  3  mm. 
high.  Calyx  about  5  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  nearly  truncate 
below  and  attached  on  the  lower  corner  where  it  is  a  little  fleshy, 
not  oblique  above,  with  broad  and  rounded  sinuses  and  narrowly 
triangular  teeth  alaout  1  mm.  long,  hyaline.  Pedicels  slender,  2-3 
mm.  long,  rather  longer  than  the  ovate  bracts.  Peduncles  about 
as  long  as  leaves,  the  rachis  as  much  more,  slender.  Leaves  6-8 
cm.  long,  tapering,  scattered  (because  of  the  slender  internodes). 
Leaflets  7-18  pairs,  1-2  cm.  long,  linear-elliptical,  thick,  the  lower 
ones  obtuse  to  notched,  conspicuously  reduced  above  on  the  rachis. 
Stipules  minute,  spreading.  Stems  strict,  very  sulcate,  about  2  ft. 
long.  Pubescence  none  throughout  except  on  the  lower  side  of 
leaflets  and  calyx.  North  Carolina,  Georgia  and  Florida  on  barrens. 
Blooming  in  summer.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

217.  Astragalus  Coahullae  n.  sp.  Pods  linear-oblong,  char- 
taceous,  nearly  straight,  triangular-acute,  2-celled  except  at  tip, 
flattened  laterally,  or  nearly  round,  nearly  smooth,  about  1.5  cm. 
long  and  3-4  mm.  high,  inclined  to  be  sharply  sulcate  dorsally. 
Flowers  few,  purplish,  about  8  mm.  long.  Banner  oval,  arched 
abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  45'  or  erect,  6-7  mm.  long,  with  sides  re- 
flexed 1  mm.  wide  below,  with  narrow  white  spot  purple-veined. 
Wings  lanceolate,  arched  to  45°,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  keel  and 
4  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  with  straight  base  and  then 
abruptly  rounded  to  a  little  more  than  erect  and  with  deltoid  tip 
3  mm.  high.  Calyx  lube  about  3  mm.  lorg,  acute  at  base  and" 
about  equally  inserted,  nigrescent,  oblique  at  tip,  und  cleft  deeper 
above,  the  sinuses  rather  narrow,  the  teeth  subulate  and  nearly  as 
long  as  tube,  black.     Pedicels  slender  2-3  mm.  long,  a  little  longer 


257  Hamosi. 

than  the  triangular  bracts.  Peduncles  5-7  cm.  long,  slender,  rather 
shorter  than  the  leaves  and  rather  longer  than  the  rachis.  Leaves 
6-8  cm.  long,  narrow,  somewhat  tapering,  longer  than  the  internodes, 
nearly  sessile.  Leaflets  about  10  pairs,  elliptical,  obtuse,  about  1 
cm.  long,  rather  ashy  with  v/avy  and  rather  loose  short  and  fine  hairs, 
young  parts  hoai^y.  Stipules  green,  triangular,  reflexed,  hardly  5 
mm.  long.  Stems  about  2  ft.  high,  much  branched,  apparently  from 
a  woody  root,  a  little  flexuous.  Parras  Coahuila,  Nos.  1078  and  4672 
Purpus.  Tropical,  blooming  in  spring  and  fall.  Dr.  Matthews's 
specimens  from  Fort  Wingate,  New  Mexico,  in  the  Gray  herbarium 
in  flovv^er  only  are  much  the  same  but  with  linear  leaflets  and  longer 
calyx  tube  and  very  long  lanceolate  bracts.  Probably  another  species. 

218.  Astragalus  Arizonicus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  7  398 
(1868).  Pods  2-4  cm.  long,  linear,  a  little  arcuate,  rather  closely 
appressed-erect,  with  spreading  tips,  occasionally  slightly  sulcate 
dorsally  but  very  narrowly  so,  both  sutui-es  rather  prominent,  much 
laterally  flattened,  not  densely  pubescent,  occasionally  rather  toru- 
lose,  with  ventral  suture  forming  a  strong  rib,  raised,  concave  along 
the  middle,  convex  at  both  ends,  and  beak  straight  and  arising  from 
a  little  above  the  middle  of  the  end,  and  about  4  mm.  long,  the 
pod  abruptly  contracted  into  it,  cross-section  narrowly  triangular- 
cordate.  Flowers  about  1  cm.  long,  many,  in  short  racemes,  dirty- 
white  and  with  purplish  edges.  Banner  oval,  arched  to  erect  either 
remotely  from  or  at  calyx  tips,  about  7  mm.  long,  with  sides  re- 
flexed  2'  mm.  wide  below,  barely  longer  than  keel.  Wings  not  longer 
than  keel,  narrowly  oblong,  2  mm.  wide,  entire,  rounded  and  very 
oblique,  purple  below,  whitish  above,  the  tips  incurved  and  hori- 
zontal. Keel  arched  a  little  below,  then  abruptly  erect  and  pro- 
duced into  a  sharp  tip  3-4  mm.  high,  large,  dark-tipped,  5  mm.  long. 
Calyx  tube  campanulate,  about  3  mm.  long,  acutish  at  base  and 
equally  inserted,  a  little  oblique  at  tip,  cleft  deeper  above,  with 
rounded  sinuses,  closely  appressed-nigrescent,  a  little  obcompressed 
above  with  fleshy  base,  on  a  short  and  stout  pedicel  about  as  long 
as  the  ovate  bract,  teeth  flaring,  triangular,  rather  unequal,  shorter 
than  the  tube,  or  nearly  as  long.  Peduncles  stout,  spreading,  1-2 
dm.  long.  Leaves  7-10  cm.  long,  the  upper  nearly  sessile,  wide. 
Leaflets  4-7  pairs,  linear  and  acute  to  elliptical  and  rounded,  the 
narrower  ones  2-3  cm.  long,  the  wider  ones  about  7  mm.  long,  dis- 
tant, rather  long-petiolulate.  Stipules  small,  triangular,  brown, 
about  3  mm.  long.  Stems  more  pubescent  than  the  leaves,  woody 
at  base,  procumbent  to  prostrate,  flexuous  and  often  much  so. 
Pubescence  hoary  and  a  little  loose.  On  the  western  and  southern 
flanks  of  the  Mogollon  plateau  from  the  Chimihuevis  Mts.  to  cen- 
tral Mexico,  Lower  Temperate  and  upper  part  of  the  Tropical  life 
zones.     Blooming  in  April  and  May. 

219.  Astragalus  calycosus  Torrey  Bot.  King  66  t.  10  (1871). 
A.  brevicaulis  Nelson.  A.  cyanoseminus  Greene.  "  Hamosa  Rydberg. 
Pods  7-25  mm.'  long,  oblong  to  linear,  abruptly  acute  and  with  a. 
short  apiculation  to  tapering  and  the  beak  3  mm.  long  with  beak  in 
line  with  the  ventral  suture,  rather  deeply  and  narrowly  sulcate 
dorsally,  Avith  cross  section  oblong-obovate-cordate,  nearly  straight 
to  decidedly  arched,  the  ventral  suture  concave  throughout,  but 
little  raised  and  narrow.  Flowers  few,  capitate,  mostly  1  cm.  long. 
Banner  abruptly  arched  at  calyx  tips  to  erect,  white  or  purple,  oval, 
about  5  mm.  long  or  less,  deeply  notched,  with  sides  reflexed  about 
1  mm.  wide,  much  longer  than  the  keel  and  a  little  longer  than 
wings.  White  spot  broad,  cuneate,  broadly  notched,  groove  rectan- 
gular and  wider  than  high.  Wings  very  closely  appressed  to  keel 
throughout,  red-purple  to  keel  tip  and  while  beyond,  deeply  cleft 
into  2  lobes,  the  lovver  ones  oblong,  2-4  mm.  long,  straight  and  like 
normal  wings,  the  upper  one-third  wider  and  erect,  both  lobes 
rounded  and  narrow  at  tip  (usually  there  is  a  fine  thread  almost  as 
long  as  the  lobes  coming  out  at  their  junction),  2-3  mm.  longer  than 


Hamosi.  258 

keel,  1  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  claw  enlarjred  just  above 
the  calyx  so  as  to  make  a  hollow  in  the  banner,  with  decided  hump 
at  base,  purple-tipped,  the  base  a  little  arched,  then  sharply  rounded 
to  erect,  the  blade  forming-  about  a  half  circle,  acutish  to  very  obtuse, 
4  mm.  long,  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  campanulate,  3-4  mm.  long,  cleft 
deeper  above,  with  rounded  sinuses,  oblique  at  base  and  inserted  on 
the  lower  corner, silvery  to  nigrescent  and  densely  pubescent, teeth  tri- 
angular, i-ather  lax,  about  half  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  ovate,  about  1 
mm.  long.  Pedicels  1-3  mm.  long  in  fruit.  Peduncles  filiform,  erect 
in  flower,  mostly  flat  on  the  ground  in  fruit,  from  1-15  cm.  long, 
in  the  diminutive  forms  concealed  in  the  leaves,  in  more  robust 
ones  4  times  as  long  as  leaves,  2-6  flowered,  scapose.  Leaves  2-10 
cm.  long,  with  filiform  petiole  twice  as  long  as  rachis,  fascicled  on 
the  very  short  crowns.  Leaflets  1-3  pairs,  oblong  to  obovate,  2-10 
mm.  long,  silvery  on  both  sides,  usually  acute,  thick,  flat,  on  the 
lowest  leaves  often  there  is  but  one  obovate  leaflet.  Stipules  large, 
deltoid,  imbricated  mostly,  3-.5  mm.  long.  Stems  reduced  to  many 
short  crowns  in  dense  but  small  mats  crowning  a  long,  slender, 
erect  root.  Growing  on  gravelly  mesas  but  well  drained  and  on 
rocky  ridges  from  the  foothills  to  10,500  ft.  alt.  on  Mt.  Ibapah, 
Utah.  Common  from  the  bad  lands  of  western  Wyoming  to  Poca- 
tello,  Idaho,  and  Glenwood  Springs,  Colorado,  to  the  Mogollons  and 
the  Sierras.  Lower  and  Middle  Temperate  life  zones.  Blooming  in 
spring.  A  very  variable  plant.  Ihe  starved  plants  are  as  dense 
and  short  as  a  crespitose  phlox.  Those  growing  in  the  shade  are 
long-petioled  and  long  poduncled.  The  pods  vary  from  about  as 
long   as   calyx    and    teeth   to   an    inch    long. 

Astragalus  calvcosus  var.  scaposus  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  4  26 
(1893).  A.  scaposus  Cray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  366  (1878).  A. 
candicans  Greene.  Pods  about  1  cm.  long,  densely  pubescent,  only 
slightly  flattened,  about  half  included  in  the  long  calyx,  straight. 
Flowers  reddish-purple,  rarely  white.  Petals  barely  twice  the  calyx, 
rather  stubby.  Banner  obcordate,  a  little  longer  than  keel  and 
equaled  by  the  wings.  Lobing  of  wings  very  variable.  Calyx  ob- 
long-campar.ulate,  teeth  deltoid  and  about  1  mm.  long,  not  lax. 
Peduncles  often  2  dm.  long.  Heads  oblong,  6-12  flowered.  Leaflets 
3-5  pairs.  Along  the  Colorado  river  from  McElmo  Cr.  Colorado  to 
Hackberry,  Arizona,  and  Owen's  Valley,  California.  Lower  Tem- 
perate lite  zone. 

220.  Astragalus  Bernardinus  Jones  Cont.  7  661  (1895). 
Pods  apiculate,  2.5  cm.  long,  about  3  mm.  high  at  tip  and  1  mm. 
high  at  base,  shallow-sulcate  dorsally,  completely  2-celled,  very  finely 
reticulated,  ventral  suture  acute,  dorsal  angles  rounded,  l-'lowers 
6-10,  reflexed,  6-8  mm.  long.  Banner  about  2  mm.  longer  than 
wings.  Wings  arched  to  erect,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel. 
Keel  arched  to  a  half  circle  from  base,  3-4  mm.  high  and  long, 
rather  obtuse.  Calyx  tube  2-3  mm.  long,  rounded  at  base  and 
about  equally  inserted,  the  subulate  teeth  about  as  long.  Pedicels 
very  short.  Peduncles  not  over  2.5-3  cm.  long,  rachis  about  as  long 
or  twice  as  long.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  the  rachis  like  the  stems 
green  and  tapering,  cui-ved.  Leaflets  about"  4  pairs,  narrowly- 
oblong,  about  1.2  cm.  long  and  3  mm.  wide,  obtuse  but  not  notched, 
equally  rounded  at  both  ends,  ashy  on  both  sides,  the  upper  pairs 
reduced,  on  very  weak  petiolules.  Stipules  triangular,  green,  evi- 
dent. Stems  about  2  dm.  long,  ascending,  slender,  with  internodes 
not  over  3  cm.  long.  Eastern  base  of  the  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Cali- 
fornia, Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  at  Cushenberry  Canon,  Parish; 
Barnwell  Mrs.  Brandegee,  Charleston  Mt.  Purpus.     Blooming  in  May. 

221.  Astragalus  tricarinatus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  12  56 
(1876).  Pods  broadly  linear,  arcuate  a  little  at  maturity,  appar- 
ently 3-keeled  by  the  concave  sides  making  3-angles,  broadly  sul- 
cate  dorsally,  about  3.5  cm.  long  and  5  mm.  high,  smooth,  the  ven- 
tral suture  very  acutely  keeled.  Flowers  spreading,  white,  about 
1-2  cm.  long.     Banner  about  5  mm.  long,  with  sides  much  reflexed 


259  Hamoai. 

••and  nearly  2  mm.  wide.  Wings  nearly  linear,  arched  to  45",  a 
.little  longer  than  keel  and  3-4  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  with 
straight  and  thick  base  and  then  abruptly  erect,  about  3  mm.  high 
at  tip  and  darker.  Calyx  about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  equally  in- 
serted and  not  oblique,  with  broad  sinuses  and  subulate  teeth  a 
little  shorter  than  tube,  on  a  slender  pedicel  2-3  mm.  long  which 
is  longei  than  the  triangular  bract.  Peduncle  2-3  dm.  long,  the 
rachis  half  to  a  third  as  long.  Leaves  nearly  2  dm.  long,  very  nar- 
row, nearly  sessile  and  with  long  and  tapering  rachis,  ascending. 
Leariets  about  15  pairs,  7-10  mm.  long,  oval  to  broadly  elliptical, 
rounded  to  notched,  silvery-white  above  with  closely  packed  and 
appressed  short  hairs,  green  below.  Internodes  very  short,  rarely 
2  cm.  long,  stems  erect  and  slender,  about  a  foot  high,  from  a 
woody  base.  Whitewater  at  the  Base  of  the  San  Bernardino 
Mts.,  California,  Parry;  San  Emigdio  Canon  Kern  Co.  Cal.  Davy. 
Tropical. 

222.  Astragalus  Orcuttianus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  3G1 
(1885).  Pods  with  erect  tips  but  calyx  rather  retiexed,  widely  sul- 
cate,  2-celied  except  at  tip,  sides  concave,  ventral  suture  a  sharp 
edge.  Flowers  about  7  mm.  long,  pink,  short  and  stubby.  Ban- 
ner oval,  nearly  7  mm.  long,  abruptly  erect  at  calyx  tips,  about  3 
mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  obiong,  arched  to  45%  about  1  mm. 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  veiy  short,  with  straight '  base  and  then 
abruptly  erect  to  the  triangular  and  acute  tip  which  is  about  3  mm. 
high.  Calyx  about  2  mm.  long,  acute  ac  base  and  equally  inserted 
and  not  oblique,  inclined  to  be  oblique  at  tip  and  cleit  deeper  above, 
the  triangular  teeth  a  littie  shorter  than  the  tube,  hyaline  and  very 
thin.  Pedicels  slender,  2-4  mm.  long,  much  longer  than  the  triangu- 
lar bracts.  Peduncles  axillaiy,  rareiy  5  cm.  i.^-.g,  about  as  long  as 
floral  rachis  in  the  type.  Leaves  7-12  cm.  long.  Leaflets  round  to 
oval,  3-7  mm.  long,  with  broadly  cuneate  base,  distant,  thin, 
notched,  8-12  pairs,  smooth.  Stipules  small  and  recui-ved.  Stems 
very  slender  and  branching  from  a  woody  base,  many,  decumbent, 
a  toot  long,  with  very  short  internodes.  Whole  plant  smooth,  but 
young  parts  minutely  pubescent.  Cantillas  Canon  Lower  Califor- 
nia, Urcutt.  Brandegee's  material  from  San  Enrique  L.  Cal.  has 
very  long  floral  rachis  and   many  pods. 

Astragalus  Orcuttianus  var.  Gregorianus  Jones  Cont.  10  '63 
(1902).  Pods  equally  arched  to  a  quarter  circle,  narrowed  and  ob- 
compressed  below,  laterally  flattened  above  and  about  3  .mm.  high, 
deeply  sulcate  at  base  ana  littie  so  at  tip  which  is  abruptly  acicular 
and  declined  and  nearly  in  line  with  tne  dorsal  suture,  ventral  su- 
ture raised  as  a  snaip  and  thin  edge,  pods  smooth,  chartaceous, 
finely  reticulated,  about  2-5  cm.  long,  blowers  about  1  cm.  long,' 
broad,  pink.  Banner  oval,  about  1  cm.  long,  with  sides  reflexed 
nearly  4  mm.  wide  at  base,  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  oO', 
about  4  mm.  longer  than  wings.  V/ings  obliquely  ooovate,  axxhed 
30%  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel,  2  mm.  wide.  Keel  as  in  the 
type  and  about  4  mm.  high  and  as  long.  Calyx  tube  very  oblique 
aoove  and  teeth  unequal,  about  1  mm.  long.  i^eduncles  with  floral 
rachis  about  a  foot  long.  Leaflets  obovate  to  obcordata,  about  1 
cm.  long.  San  Gregorio  and  San  Enrique  L.  Cal.  in  Bloom  in  Feb- 
ruary.     Brandegee. 

223.  Astragalus  drepanolobus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  19  75 
(1883).  Pous  abouu  2  cm.  long  and  2-3  mm.  high  and  1  inm.  wide, 
smootn  and  shining,  arclied  to  about  a  half  circle,  a  trifle  narrowed 
at  both  ends,  rounded  and  obtuse  at  base,  triangular-acute  at  tip. 
finely  reticulated,  papery,  2-celled  except  at  tip,  with  a  sharp  and 
narrow  sulcus,  the  ventral  suture  a  mere  line  and  not  raised.  Flow- 
ers about  5  mm.  long,  broad,  white.  Banner  nearly  round,  about 
4  mm.  long,  arcned  abruptly  near  end  of  tube  to  45-80%  with  sides 
retiexed  1  mm.  wide  and  most  below  about  3  mm.  longer  than  wings. 
Wings  obiong-liaear,  arched  45  ,  acutish,  fully  1  mm.  longer  than 


Hamosi.  260 

keel.  Keel  about  3  mm.  long,  nearly  straight  then  abruptly  erect 
and  tip  a  little  out-turned  and  acutish,  nearly  3  mm.  hig-h,  about 
equaling:  the  calyx  tips,  purple-tipped.  Calyx  tube  about  2  mm. 
long,  acutish  and  a  little  oblique  at  base,  about  equaled  by  the  subu- 
late teeth,  nigrescent.  Pedicels  very  short  and  bracts  minute. 
Peduncles  filiform,  rather  shorter  than  the  leaves,  2-3  cm.  long,  axil- 
lary, hardly  as  long  as  the  fruiting  rachis.  Leaves  3-4  cm.  long, 
with  the  petiole  nearly  ps  long  as  its  rachis,  many  but  open.  Leaf- 
lets 4-5  pairs,  rather  obovate,  often  notched,  nearly  1  cm.  long, 
not  contiguous.  Stipules  small.  Stems  very  slender  and  flexuous, 
v.-eak  and  spreading,  branched,  apparently  from  slender  underground 
stems  from  a  perenial  root,  but  possibly  winter  annuals,  about  a 
foot  long.  Blooming  in  May.  John  Day  river  Oregon  Howell. 
Middle   Temperate   life   zone. 

224.  Astragalus  Congdoni  Watson  Proc  Am.  Acad.  20  360 
(1885).  Pods  minutely  pubescent  when  mature,  densely  so  and 
often  nigrescent  when  young,  shortly  acuminate  and  inclined  to 
have  tip  declined,  reticulate,  loosely  racemose,  closely  reflexed,  about 
2  cm.  long,  and  2-3  mm.  wide  and  high,  rather  cordate  in  cross 
section,  tPie  ventral  suture  thick  and  with  sharp  edge  along  the 
middle,  barely  acute  at  base.  Flowers  white,  narrow,  rather  closely 
racemose,  reflexed.  Banner  oblong-ovate,  about  1  cm.  long,  arched 
abruptly  about  2  mm.  beyond  calyx  tips  to  45^,  with  sides  re- 
flexed about  1  mm.  wide  below,  nearly  5  mm.  longer  than  wings. 
Wings  oblong,  arched  30%  about  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel 
about  4  mm.  long  and  high  at  tip,  the  base  proper  about  1  mm. 
long,  the  rest  a  rather  deltoid  erect  and  acutish  not  darker  tip  4 
mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  about  4  mm.  high  inserted  near  the  lower 
corner  on  a  stout  black  pedicel,  black-woolly,  teeth  rather  shorter 
than  the  tube,  subulate  from  a  broad  base,  the  lower  the  longer. 
Pedicels  almost  none.  Bracts  hyaline,  triangular,  about  3  mm. 
long.  Peduncles  about  1  dm.  long,  sulcate  and  stout  mostly,  as  long- 
as  or  shorter  than  the  fruiting  rachis,  erect.  Leaves  5-10  cm. 
long,  narrow  and  tapering,  the  upper  sessile  or  short-petioled,  the 
middle  ones  the  largest,  with  8-10  pairs  of  leaflets  1-1.5  cm.  long 
which  are  contiguous,  softly  silky  with  hairs  often  tangled.  In- 
tei-nodes  congested  below  and  stems  very  leafy.  Stipules  green, 
large,  deltoid.  Stems  decumbent,  slender,  about  a  foot  long, 
rather  simple  but  with  many  woody  branches  at  base.  Fisher's 
Cabin  and  Hite  Cove  in  the  Sierras.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 
This  grows  ,in  rocky  places  and  blooms  in  May  and  June.  Collected 
by  Congdon, 

225.  Astragalus  Andersoni  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  524 
(1865).  Pods  1.5-2  cm.  long  3-4  mm.  high,  about  2  mm.  wide, 
narrowly-oblong  to  neaiiy  linear,  triangulai'-acute  to  blunt  and 
apiculate,  nearly  straight  to  arched  to  one-thii'd  circle,  mostly  a 
little  reflexed,  rounded  at  base,  early  falling  off  and  leaving  the 
empty  calyx,  with  ventral  suture  raised  and  thickened  and  sharp 
along  the  middle,  splitting  the  calyx,  1-cclled  at  tip,  with  cross 
section  narrowly  to  broadly  cordate,  narrowly  sulcate  dorsally, 
softly  and  variably  silky-woolly.  Flowers  normally  white  but  often 
pink  or  tinged  with  pink,  short  and  stubby,  broad,  in  heads  at 
first  or  spicate  and  ascending,  later  inclined  to  horizontal.  Petals 
very  thin,  rather  translucent.  Banner  oblong-ovate  to  oval,  6-8 
mm.  long,  arched  abruptly  at  end  of  teeth  to  45°  or  rarely  erect, 
with  sides  reflexed  about  2  mm.  wide  below,  about  4  mm.  longer 
than  wings ;  groove  U-shaped  below,  and  V-shaped  above ;  white 
spot  striped  when  present,  wings  oblong-obovate,  very  oblique, 
acutish,  about  2  mm.  wide,  notched,  concave  to  keel  and  touching 
beyond  it,  purplish  below  and  white  above  or  all  white,  1-2  mm. 
longer  than  keel,  inclined  to  be  oblanceolate  and  wavy  toward  tip, 
variously  arched.  Keel  about  4-5  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high,  half- 
cuneate    obovate    and    with    tip    obliquely    truncate,    purple    above.  . 


Hamosi.  261 

Calyx  tube  about  3  mm.  high,  reddish,  the  filiform-subulate  teeth 
very  lax  and  about  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  almost  none  to  2 
mm.  long,  much  shorter  than  the  subulate  to  triangular  bracts 
which  are  3-4  mm.  long,  hairy  and  hyaline.  Peduncles  stout  5-10 
cm.'  long,  the  fruiting  rachis  about  as  long,  spreading.  Leaves 
rarely  5  cm.  long,  rather  broad,  all  petioled  but  upper  petioles 
short,  spreading.  Leaflets  rather  thick,  6-8  pairs,  hardly  1  cm.  long, 
folded.  Stipules  small,  connate  below,  triangular.  Stems  flexuous, 
about  1-2  ft.  high,  from  a  woody  base,  rather  Jiiiany.  Sierra 
Valley  to  Owen's  Valley  California  on  the  eastern  base  of  the 
Sierras  growing  in  the  sagebrush,  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 
Whole  plant  softly  silky-woolly.  Blooming  in  May.  The  Owen's 
Valley  forms  have  larger  and  purple  flowers  and  pods  5  mm.  high  and 
2  cm.  long. 

226.  Astragalus  sylvaticus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  23  262 
(1888).  a;  umbraticus  Sheldon.  Pods  not  tapering  at  base,  ob- 
tuse or  abruptly  acutish,  smooth  and  shining,  closely  reflexed,  char- 
taceous,  arched  to  a  half  circle,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  2-3  mm.  high 
and  1  mm.  wide,  narrowly  and  deeply  sulcate  dorsally,  with  cross 
section  narrowly  Y-shaped,  tip  triangular-acute,  ventral  suture  a 
mere  line  and  not  raised.  Flowers  white,  many,  in  a  short  spike, 
drooping,  about  1  cm.  long,  with  delicate  petals  and  none  col- 
ored except  keel  tip,  not  narrow.  Banner  about  5  mm.  long,  oblong- 
ovate,  abruptly  arched  at  calyx  to  nearly  erect,  fiddle  shaped  by 
the  sides  being  reflexed  most  near  the  middle  (and  about  2  mm. 
wide)  ;  groove  broadly  V-shaped,  about  1  mm.  deep  and  2  mm.  wide 
and  goes  almost  to  tip  of  banner  without  shallowing,  deeply  notched, 
cream-white,  faintly  waterlined.  Wings  close-pressed  to  keel  and 
convex  to  it  to  the  middle  then  the  right  hand  one  flares,  very 
obliquely  oblong-lanceolate,  2  mm.  wide,  very  obtuse  and  rounded 
and  erose  at  tip,  1  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  about  as  much  shorter 
than  .banner.  Keel  large,  about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  arched  from 
base  to  about  a  half  circle.  Calyx  oblong-campanulate,  about  3  mm. 
long,  a  little  flattened  laterally,  yellowish  and  nigrescent,  the  lower 
side  straight,  the  upper  a  little  arched,  rather  oblique  at  base  and 
attached  a  little  below  the  middle,  cleft  deeper  and  oblique  at  mouth. 
Teeth  filiform  from  rounded  sinuses.  Pedicels  about  1  mm.  long. 
Bracts  hyaline,  triangular-subulate,  about  3  mm.  long  and  lax. 
Peduncles  slender,  strict,  about  as  long  as  leaves  and  1  dm.  long, 
in  the  upper  axils,  the  rachis  about  2-3  cm.  long  and  closely  flow- 
ered. Leaves  slender,  not  over  1  dm.  long,  spreading,  the  upper 
sessile,  with  tapering  and  filiform  rachis,  only  the  uppermost  leaf- 
lets reduced.  Leaflets  about  10  pairs,  oblong-elliptical,  notched, 
rounded  and  very  short-petiolulate  at  base,  green,  flat,  thin,  con- 
tiguous, smooth  or  nearly  so.  Stipules  about  1  cm.  long,  subu- 
late, hyaline  above.  Stems  about  2  ft.  long,  slender,  flexuous 
ascending  to  erect,  with  internodes  2-7  cm.  long,  from  slender  and 
erect  tap  root,  several  at  the  small  crown.  The  root  leaves  much 
reduced.  In  shaded  woods  in  open  places  in  rich  soil.  Glendale, 
Oregon,  Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

227.  Astragalus  albens  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  156  (1885). 
Pods  broadly  linear,  acuminate  at  both  ends,  arched  mostly  to  a 
circle,  a  trifle  wider  above,  when  young  much  laterally  flattened  and 
little  arched,  when  mature  coriaceous,  strongly  corrugated,  2-3  cm. 
long,  3  mm.  wide  and  high,  flat  for  about  1  mm.  high  along  the 
ventral  suture  and  forming  a  thick  wing  but  the  suture  itself  not 
raised,  then  much  bulged  outward  in  neai'ly  a  half  circle  and  re- 
entering as  a  broad  sulcus  on  the  dorsal  suture  so  that  the  cross 
section  of  pod  is  deeply  cordate  and  winged  at  the  tip,  each  cell 
being  oval,  2-celled  throughout  or  the  partition  reaching  only  half 
way  to  the  ventral  suture,  the  base  of  pod  is  3-cornered  like  a  file, 
the  tip  is  very  sharp  and  flat  because  the  sulcus  stops  about  5-8  mm. 
from  the  end,  ashy.     Flowers  few  and  racemose,  purple,  about  8 


Hamofli.  292 

mm.  long,  wide,  spreading.  Banner  about  4  mm.  long,  oval,  arched' 
abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  45°,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide, 
about  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  obliquely  lanceolate  and 
arched  a  little,  about  1  mm.  wide,  much  narrower  than  keel  and 
about  as  long.  Keel  large,  nearly  4  mm.  long  and  high,  a  little  con- 
vex along  the  base  and  much  rounded  and  very  obtuse,  the  whole 
forming  almost  a  half  circle,  much  separated  from  banner.  Calyx 
tube  about  3  mm.  long,  acutish  and  narrowed  at  base,  about  equally 
inserted,  oblique  and  deeper  cleft  above,  with  rather  sharp  sinuses 
and  triangular  teeth  fully  half  as  long  as  tube,  very  closely  ap- 
pressed  hoaiy.  Pedicels  stout,  about  1  mm.  long  and  as  long  as  the 
triangular  bracts.  Peduncles  axillary,  slender,  5-7  cm.  long,  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  ascending  as  are  the  leaves,  the  floral  rachis  much 
shorter.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long  or  less,  the  petiole  about  half 
the  whole,  the  rachis  tapering  but  little.  Leaflets  3-5  pairs,  about 
oval-obovate,  rounded,  thick,  flat,  shortly  cuneate  below,  about  1  cm. 
long,  distant,  silvery-hoary  with  flat,  broad,  rough,  tapering  and 
closely  appressed  hairs.  Stipules  deltoid,  very  small  and  green, 
2-3  mm.  long.  Stems  very  many  from  the  crown  of  the  slender  and 
erect  root,  rather  stout  for  the  plant,  flexuous,  the  many  internodes 
rarely  3  cm.  long,  prostrate,  a  few  inches  to  2  ft.  long.  Winter  an- 
nuals. W^hole  plant  hoary.  In  rocky  gulches  along  creek  beds,  In- 
dian Spring  Charleston  Mts.  to  the   Mojave  desert.      Tropical. 

228.  Astragalus  Howellii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  15  46  (1879). 
Pods  including  stipe  fully  3  cm.  long,  abruptly  contracted  at  both 
ends  and  then  tapering  into  a  long  tip  and  base,  triangular-cordate 
in  cross  section  to  broadly  deltoid,  mostly  as  wide  as  high,  shallow- 
sulcate  dorsally,  completely  2-celled,  chartaceous,  with  a  flat  and 
ensiform  tip  a  little  declined,  the  ventral  suture  concave  in  the 
middle  and  convex  a  little  above,  raised  and  thickened  and  with  a 
thin  and  slightly  raised  edge  along  tLe  middle,  the  body  finely 
reticulated,  minutely  woolly  at  first,  half-narrowly-eliiptical,  becom- 
ing smootl-M  the  beak  3-6  mm.  long  and  straight,  the  stout  stipe  as 
long  as  to  3  times  as  long  as  calyx  tube.  Flowers  dirty  white,  be- 
coming yellowish,  about  1  cm.  long,  sisveral.  Banner  about  7  mm. 
long,  oblong-oval,  arched  abruptly  to  45"-60"  from  calyx  tips,  with 
sides  reflexed,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  2  mm.  longer 
than  keel,  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse,  arched  to  45",  about  2  mm. 
wide.  Keel  very  wide  and  blunt,  about  4  mm.  long  and  3  mm. 
high,  the  tip  only  a  little  higher  than  the  rest  and  rather  truncate, 
erect  and  rounded  sharply  from  near  the  base,  not  pui-ple,  with  a 
minute  'out-turned  boss  at  the  end.  Calyx  tube  about  4  mm.  long 
and  3  mm.  high,  a  little  narrowed  at  base  and  acutish,  and  attached 
to  the  slender  pedicel  near  the  corner,  oblique  at  tip,  cleft  deeper 
above  and  with  broad  sinuses,  the  teeth  triangular  and  a  little  shor- 
ter than  the  tube,  nigrescent.  Pedicels  in  truit  2-3  mm.  long,  re- 
curved, mostly  longer  than  the  minute  bracts.  Peduncles  in  the  type 
longer  than  the  leaves,  strict  and  stout,  about  1  dm.  long,  the  fruit- 
ing rachis  hardly  half  as  long.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  the  upper  ses- 
sile, with  8-9  pairs  of  linear-elliptical  leaflets  nearly  contiguous 
and  obtuse  and  long-petiolulate  and  cuneate,  at  base.  Stipules 
rather  thick,  about  7  mm.  long.  Stems  ascending,  weak,  soft,  slen- 
der, very  many,  branched  below,  from  a  woody  root,  about  a  foot 
high,  with  many  internodes  somewhat  shorter  than  the  leaves,  very 
leafy.  A  very  variable  plant.  In  the  lower  Columbia  Basin  east  of 
the  Cascades.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone.      Blooming  in  May. 

Astragalus  Howellii  var.  misellus  (Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  21 
449  (1886)  as  species).  This  differs  from  the  type  in  the  flowers 
being  5-8  mm.  long,  the  peduncles  3-7  cm.  long  and  shorter  than  the 
leaves  and  about  half  as  long  as  the  fruiting  rachis,  leaflets  about  5 
pairs,  internodes  much  shorter  than  the  leaves  and  with  a  congested 
habit  somewhat  csespitose.  It  is  seemingly  very  distinct  but  the 
pods  vary  from  acuminate  at  both  ends  and  long-stipitate  to  almost 
sessile  and  abruptly  triangular  at  both  ends,  it  is  then  A.  drepanolo- 


263  Hamoti. 

bus  var.  aberrans  Jones.  The  leaflets  vary  from  2  to  10  mm.  long. 
Pasco  Wash.,  Mitchell  Oregon,  and  on  the  John  Day  and  Bruno 
rivers  Oregon.  Howell,  Cusick,  Elmer.  Lower  and  Middle  Temper- 
ate life  zones,  mostly  in  more  humid  places  than  the  type,  and  less 
pubescent. 

229.  Astragalus  Mulfordoe  Jones  Cont.  8  18  (1898).  Onix 
Rydberg.  Pods  very  thin  and  1-1.5  cm.  long,  3-4  mm.  wide  and 
high,  very  slightly  concave  along  the  ventral  suture  in  the  middle 
only,  convex  at  both  ends,  often  much  so,  from  triangular-acute  to 
bluntly  apiculate  at  both  ends,  the  tip  being  in  line  with  the  dorsal 
suture,  the  body  half-elliptical  to  broadly  half-oval,  2-5  mm.  high 
in  extreme  cases,  abruptly  slender-stipitate  and  stipe  about  equaling 
the  calyx  tips  to  3  times  as  long,  minutely  pubescent  and  finely  reticu- 
lated, shallow  sulcate  dorsally,  opening  along  both  sutures  to  base, 
cross-section  about  deltoid,  with  concave  sides.  Flowers  about  as 
in  A.  campestris,  short  and  ai'ched,  about  7  mm.  long,  dii"ty  white  and 
purple-tinged,  many,  in  long  racemes,  ascending  to  reflexed.  Banner 
waterlined,  abruptly  arched  to  erect  or  more  just  beyond  teeth, 
deeply  and  broadly  grooved  to  tip,  the  groove  1  mm.  deep  and  2  mm. 
wide,  occupying  all  of  the  upper  half  of  the  banner,  with  sides 
reflexed  about  V2  mm.  wide  below  and  not  at  all  at  tip,  the  ban- 
ner appears  nearly  square  as  you  look  at  it.  Wings  obliquely  ellip- 
tical, nearly  2  mm.  wide  in  the  middle,  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner, 
the  right  hand  one  folded  over  the  end  of  keel,  the  other  flaring  and 
then  both  tips  touch,  both  concave  to  keel  and  obscurely  notched 
below  tip,  fully  2  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  arched,  white  and 
waterlined.  Keel  very  short  and  abruptly  rounded  to  nearly  a  half 
circle,  very  blunt,  slightly  darker  above.  Calyx  tube  rather  obliquely 
inserted  at  the  base,  not  oblique  at  tip  nor  cleit  deeper  above;  teeth 
triangular  and  about  half  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  slender,  re- 
flexed, about  2  mm.  long  in  fruit  and  longer  than  the  triangular 
bracts.  Peduncles  filifoi-m,  from  1-7  cm.  long,  much  shorter  than 
the  rachis.  Flowers  loosely  racemose  and  reflexed.  Leaves  3-10  cm. 
long,  rigid,  with  filiform  and  tapering  rachis,  not  divaricate,  narrow, 
nearly  sessile,  with  6-12  pairs  of  linear  leaflets  gradually  reduced  to 
almost  nothing  at  tip  of  rachis,  and  distant.  Stipules  hyaline,  with 
green  tips  from  a  cieltoid  and  filiform  base,  3-5  mm.  long,  recurved. 
Stems  round  and  green,  c^espitose,  often  a  foot  long,  with  slender 
internodes  rarely  5  cm.  long,  from  slender  and  woody  underground 
branches  of  the  slender  and  erect  and  very  long  root.  Growing  in 
deep  sand  on  steep  south  slopes,  Weiser  Idaho.  Lower  edge  of  the 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone. 

230.  Astragalus  Inyoensis  Sheldon  in  Coville  Death  Valley 
Rep.  86  (1893).  Pods  either  hall-oval  or  arcuate-oblong,  the  body 
about  1.5  cm.  long  and  4  mm.  wide  and  high,  arcuate,  abruptly  con- 
tracted into  a  linear  beak  2-4  mm.  long,  slightly  sulcate  dorsally, 
feften  decidedly  obcompressed  when  much  arched,  on  a  stout  stipe 
about  as  long  as  calyx,  nearly  smooth,  inclined  to  be  coloi-ed.  Flow- 
ers purple,  nearly  1  cm.  long,  wide,  straight.  Banner  abruptly 
arched  at  calyx  tips  to  30°,  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide,  1-2 
mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  obovate,  1-2  mm.  wide,  about  as  long 
as  keel.  Keel  large  and  broad,  about  4  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  high, 
half-cuneate-obovaLC,  the  tip  almost  square  and  erect,  light-colored 
toward  the  base.  Calyx  tube  not  oblique,  the  triangular  teeth  one- 
third  to  one-half  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  very  short  in  flower 
and  shorter  than  the  triangular  bracts.  Peduncles  filiform,  not  ta- 
pering, about  twice  as  long  as  the  leaves,  a  little  longer  than  the 
fruiting  rachis,  widely  spreading.  Leaves  divaricate,  rarely  3  cm. 
long,  wide,  the  upper  nearly  sesile,  the  lower  about  half  the  petiole. 
Leaflets  6-8  pairs,  elliptical,  about  5  mm.  long,  rounded,  nearly  con- 
tiguous, ashy  with  closely  appressed  and  short  hairs.  Stipules  rigid, 
triangular,  green,  reflexed,  3-4  mm.  long.  Internodes  1-3  times  as 
long  as  leaves.  Stems  very  sparsely  leafy  and  elongated,  prostrate 
or  widely  spreading,  with  the  habit  of  A.  Nuttallianus,  several  from 


Hamoti.         ]  264 

the  crown  of  a  slender  -root,  apparently  Avinter  annuals.  Darwin 
Mesa  near  Keeler  California.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

231.  Astragalus  Nevinii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad:  21  412 
(1886).  Pods  narrowly  oblong  and  a  little  arcuate,  the  body  about 
1.5  cm.  long  and  4  mm.  high  and  2  mm.  wide,  smooth  and  closely 
reticulated,  chartaceous,  barely  to  triangular-acute  at  both  ends, 
sharply  sulcate  to  the  middle,  wholly  2-celled.  Stipe  about  twice  as 
long  as  calyx.  Flowei's  rather  wide,  about  1  cm.  long,  light-colored, 
rather  capitate.  Banner  oblong,  arched  abruptly  to  45^  at  calyx 
tips,  C-8  mm.  long.  Wings  narrowly  oblong,  2  mm.  longer  than 
keel,  about  3  mm.  shorter  than  banner,  arched  somewhat.  Keel 
straight,  with  tip  erect,  triangular  and  2  mm.  high.  Calyx  broadly 
campanulate,  about  3  mm.  long,  with  the  triangular  teeth  about  half 
as  long  as  tube,  soon  reflexed.  Bracts  very  small  and  as  long  as  the 
very  stout  pedicels.  Peduncles  about  as  long  as  the  leaves,-  in 
fruit  loosely  spicate  on  the  upper  half  or  third.  Leaves  all  petioled, 
about  1  dm.  long,  recur\^ed.  Leaflets  5-7  pairs.  Plants  a  foot  or 
two  long.     San  Clemente  Island,  Nevin  and  Lyon. 

232.  Astragal-js  Traskias  Eastwood  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  3  102  fig. 
(1897).       A.    Nevinii    var.    Traskiae^    Jones.       Pods    almost    exactly 

those  of  A.  Howellii  but  more  arcuate,  arcuately  half-elliptical-ob- 
long, or, obliquely  narrowly  oblong  and  rather  abruptly  narrowed 
to  a  triangular  flat  beak  3  mm.  long  which  is  in  line  with  the  ventral 
suture,  the  body  fully  1.5  cm.  long,  3  mm.  high  and  5  mm.  wide, 
very  shortly-triangular  at  base,  broadly  and  rather  shallow-sulcate 
dorsally,  coriaceous,  finely  corrugated,  short-woolly,  completely  2- 
celled,  apparently  ascending,  in  close  clusters,  stipe  as  long  as  calyx 
and  teeth.  Flowers  white,  becoming  yellowish,  about  12  mm.  long, 
ascending  in  a  close  head.  Banner  oval,, about  8  mm.  long,  arched 
abruptly  to  45°  at  end  of  teeth,  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide  be- 
low, 2-3  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  broadly  linear,  about  1  mm. 
wide  and  1  mm.  longer  than  keel,  arched  a  little.  Keel  obliquely 
oblong,  about  4  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  wide,  the  tip  nearly  erect  and 
rounded  and  a  little  darker.  Calyx  tube  narrowly  campanulate, 
about  4-6  mm.  long  and  2.5  mm.  high,  rounded  at  base  and  equally 
inserted  on  a  very  thick  pedicel,  cleft  a  little  deeper  above,  not 
oblique,  the  triangular  teeth  one-fourth  to  one-third  as  long  as  tube, 
nigrescent.  Pedicels  and  bracts  minute.  Peduncles  nearly  1  dm. 
long,  floral  rachis  2-3  cm.  long.  Leaves  rarely  1  dm.  long,  narrow, 
tapering,  (Nevinii  not  noticeably  so),  with  8-10  pairs  of  leaflets  3-7 
mm.  long.  Stems  thick,  forming  broad  mats  1-3  ft.  long,  with  innu- 
merable old  leaf  petioles  forming  a  dense  mass  below.  On  cliffs  in 
high  and  dry  places,  San  Nicholas  Island.  Blanche  Trask.  This  can 
probably  be  kept  apart  from  A.  Nevinii  on  the  pod  character  and 
larger  flowers,  but  the  plants  are  suspiciously  alike.  This  group  is 
the  representative  of  A.  Howellii  in  the  south. 

233.  Astragalus  Arthuri  Jones  Cont.  8  20  (1898).  Atelo- 
phragma  Rydberg.  Pods  gladiatc,  about  like  those  of  Brassica  alba 
but  narrower,  at  tip  the  dorsal  suture  is  nearly  straight  and  the 
ventral  narrowed  to  it,  at  base  the  opposite  is  true,  sulcate  dorsally 
with  a  narrow  groove,  chartaceous,  nearly  smooth,  mature  pods 
laterally  flattened  with  concave  sides,  fully  2-celled,  cross  section 
triangular-cordate,  ventral  suture  the  more  arched,  thick  at  base  and 
prominent  externally.  Flowers  reflexed,  white,  like  those  of  A. 
stenophyllus,  about  1.2  cm.  long.  Banner  about  1  cm.  long,  ovate, 
arched  at  calyx  tips  to  nearly  a  half  circle  in  gentle  curve,  the  nar- 
row tip  much  reflexed,  about  4  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  nar- 
rowly oblong,  about  2  mm.  wide,  arched  to  30°,  about  3  mm. 
longer  than  keel.  Keel  arched  nearly  from  base  to  tip  in  a  half 
circle,  4-5  mm.  long  and  high,  the  tip  triangular,  acute  a  little 
more  than  erect,  not  dark.  Calyx  tube  nigrescent,  thin,  thickened 
at  lower  corner  where  it  is  inserted  on  pedicel,  short-cylindric,  hya- 
line, 4  mm.  long,  a  little  oblique  below  but  not  at  mouth,  teeth  subu- 


265  Hamosi.        '^■ 

late,  2  mm.  long.  Pedicels  2  mm.  long,  rather  stout,  spreading  in 
flower  and  reflexed  in  fruit,  nigrescent.  Bracts  subulate,  2-3  mm. 
long.  Peduncles  coarsely  sulcate,  about  as  thick  as  the  stems,  erect, 
1  ft.  long,  few-flowered  on  the  upper  one-third.  Leaves  1  cm.  long, 
appressed,  mostly  clustered  at  tip  of  stems  by  shortening  of  upper 
internodes;  petioles  slender,  1-2.5  cm.  long.  Leaflets  10-14  pairs,  el- 
liptical-oblong, obtuse  to  retuse,  1  cm.  long,  2-3  mm.  wide,  long- 
petiolulate,  opposite,  gradually  reduced  above  the  middle  of  the 
rachis,  flat,  somewhat  distant.  Stipules  triangular,  adnate,  not  con- 
nate, about  2  mm.  long.  Stems  many,  rather  slender,  ascending  from 
crown  of  root,  coarsely  sulcate,  abruptly  bent  at  each  node  from 
which  a  peduncle  arises,  proper  stems  of  few  nodes  which  are  close 
together,  then  with  2-3  which  are  3-7  cm.  apart;  root  stout  and 
erect;  plants  about  a  foot  and  a  half  high.  Lake  Waha  Nez  Perce 
Co.  Idaho  by  A.  A.  Heller  for  whom  it  was  named.  Middle  Tem-i 
perate  life  zone.     Blooms  in  June. 


266 


LEPTOCARPI.     28. 

Weak  annuals.  Flowers  rarely  1  cm.  long,  mostly 
very  small,  in  heads  (rarely  in  few-flowered  racemes). 
Pods  papery,  not  inflated,  linear  (narrowly  oblong  in  A. 
Wrightii)  and  falcate  below  (straight  in  A.  Wrightii 
and  nearly  so  in  A.  leptocarpus),  sulcate  dorsally,  sharply 
acute  (obtuse  in  A.  Francisquitensis) ,  sessile  (stipitate 
in  A.  Lindheimeri),  mostly  horizontal  (nearly  erect  in 
A.  Wrightii),  never  closely  reflexed,  2-celled  (partition 
rarely  incomplete).     Stipules  not  connate. 

KEY. 

A.  Flowers  few  and  racemose  at  least  in  fruit,  with  blunt  or  barely- 
acute  keel  not  at  all  produced,  purple-tipped;  peduncles  filiform. 
Pods  smooth.  Plants  of  the  Tropical  life  zone  (A.  Nuttallianus 
extends  also  into  the  Lower  Temperate  life  zone),  nearly  smooth 
throughout  when  mature. 
AB.       Pods  about   1   cm.  long,  nearly  smooth. 

Very  slender  plants.  234  Francisquitensis. 

A2B.  Pods  at  least  2.5  cm.  long,  arched  most  below  when  curved, 
mostly  more  than  2  mm.  high,  narrowed  at  both  ends,  and  ap- 
parently stipitate  in  A.  Lindheimeri.  Flowers  1-1.5  cm. 
long.  Banner  deeply  notched,  white  spot  large  and  purple- 
veined,  wings  white.  Peduncles  axillary  and  long.  Leaflets 
7-8  pairs,  broadly  elliptical  to  obovate,  notched,  thin.  Bracts 
subulate.  Stems  not  conspicuously  sulcate,  growing  in  dense 
vegetation  and  seemingly  erect  but  weak  and  sprawling  when 
not  supported.  Plants  of  the  southeastern  part  of  the  great 
plains,   nearly  smooth   when   mature. 

Pods  5nini.  high.  235  Lindheimeri. 

Pods  2  mm.  liigh.  236  leptocar]ius. 

2A.       Flowers  in  heads,  purple  or  purple-tipped.      Keel  not  acuminate 
nor    sharp.       Pods    equally    arched    or    nearly    straight,    1.5-4    cm. 
long,    linear    or    nearly    so.       Peduncles    filiform,    not    over    5    cm. 
long,   axillary.      Plants   slender   but    mostly    erect. 
2AB.       Plants    of    the    Californian    plains.       Pods    not    shaggy,    on 
reflexed    pedicels    but    with    tips    often    erect,    stipitate    or    ta- 
pering at   base,   nearly   smooth  at   maturity,  taper-pointed,  not 
fully    2-celled,    dorsally    sulcate,    nearly    circular    to    reniform 
in    cross-section,    inclined    to   be    obcompressed.       Flowers   7-12 
mm.    long.       Calyx    tube    about    2    mm.    long,    campanulate,    ni- 
grescent, reflexed  to  horizontal  in   fruit,  with  teeth  triangular 
to    subulate    and    rather    shorter    than    the    tube.       Bracts    and 
pedicels  short.      Heads  of  flowers  not  elongating  in   fruit.  Pet- 
ioles all   evident  except    on   the    uppermost   leaves.      Stems    }z 
to  2   feet   high,   rather  widely  branched   below. 

Pods  1-2  cm.  kfng.  237    tener. 

Pods  3-4  cm.  lont.  238  Ratlani. 

2A2B.  Plants  of  the  Texan  plains.  Pods  shaggy,  straight,  erect, 
or  only  spreading  about  1  cm.  long,  broadly  linear  to  nar- 
rowly-oblong. Calyx  tube  very  short  and  lobes  very  long  and 
green.      Whole  plant  appressed-shaggy. 

Pods  in  heads.  "  239  Wrightii. 


267  Lcptvcarpi. 

3A.      Flowers  few  and  inclined  to  be  racemose,  with  sharp  keel   (keel 

sometimes   obtuse   in  A.   Nuttallianus)   and   wings  inclined  to  be 

lobed.      Pods    linear. 

3AB.      Pods  arched  most  near  base,  the  tip  mostly  erect.      Flowers 

single  to  few^  at  or  near  the  tip  of  the  peduncle  and  inclined 

to   be    clustered,    spreading. 

Pods  single  or  few.  240  Nuttallianus. 

3A2B.  Pods  equally  but  not  greatly  arched,  broadly  linear,  1.5-2 
cm.  long,  mostly  inverted  on  a  twisted  pedicel,  taper-pointed, 
laterally  flattened,  somewhat  narrowed  below,  racemose  and 
rather  distant,  ventral  suture  a  fine  rib,  cross  section  narrowly 
triangular-cordate.  Peduncles  conspicuously  longer  than  the 
short  leaves.  Leaflets  broad  and  notched.  Keel  abruptly 
narrowed  to  a  subulate  beak  at  the  upper  corner.  Wings 
lobed  or  broader  above.  Plants  about  as  well  placed  in 
Oxytropis  as  in  Astragalus. 

Internodes  few  and  long.  241   acutirostris. 

Internodes  not  few,  short.  242  nothoxys. 

234.  Astragalus  Francisquitensis  Jones  Cont.  7  666  (1895). 
Pods  linear-oblong,  nearly  straight,  about  12  mm.  long,  2-3  mm. 
wide,  obtuse,  laterally  flattened,  chartaceous,  with  only  a  dorsal 
groove.  Flowers  10-15  or  less,  in  short  raceme-like  head  or  cluster, 
ascending,  about  1  cm.  long,  narrow.  Banner  5  mm.  long,  oblong, 
narrow,  ascending  45°  beyond  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  about 
1  mm.  wide.  Wings  linear,  straight,  1  mm.  wide,  as  long  as  banner 
and  3  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  short,  very  obtuse  and  rounded. 
Calyx  tube  hyaline,  nigrescent,  narrowly  campanulate,  about  3  mm. 
long,  rather  obliquely  attached,  hardly  2  mm.  high,  the  subulate 
teeth  half  as  long  as  lube.  Bracts  triangular,  2  mm.  long,  hyalme. 
Pedicels  slender,  1  mm.  long,  as  long  as  bracts  in  fruit.  Peduncles 
nearly  1.5  dm.  long,  strict.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  with  petioles 
1.5-2  cm.  long,  but  very  short  on  the  upper  leaves.  Leaflets  8-12 
pairs,  oblong-obovate  to  elliptical,  finely  petiolulate,  1-1.2  cm.  long,, 
about  7  mm.  wide.  Stipules  4  mm.  long,  reflexed,  green.  Stems 
many,  filiiorm,  delicate  and  long,  rather  flexuous,  nearly  prostrate, 
with  internodes  4-7  cm.  long.  San  Francisquito  Lower  California 
Brandegee. 

Astragalus  Francisquitensis  var.  Lagunensis  Jones  Cont.  8  11 
(1898)  and  Cont.  10  61  (1902).  '  Like  the  type  but  pods  deeply  sul- 
cate,  with  cross  section  triangular-cordate  and  tip  pungently  acute 
with  point  1  mm.  long.  Flowers  the  same.  Leaves  2-5  cm.  long. 
Leaflets  7-8  pairs,  naiTowly  elliptical,  4  mm.  long,  2  mm.  wide, 
rounded  at  both  ends  and  shortly  petiolulate.  Internodes  about  2.5 
cm.  long.     Sieri'a  de  Laguna,  Lower  California,  blooming  in  January. 

235.  Astragalus  Lindheimeri  Gray  PL  Wright  1  52  (1852). 
A  recticarpus  Wood.  Hamosa  Rydberg.  Tragacantha  Kuntze.  Pods 
much  like  those  of  A.  succumbens,  2.5-4  cm.  long,  about  5  mm.  high, 
1  mm.  wide,  contracted  at  base  into  a  pseudo-stipe  or  nearly  sessile, 
the  triangular  tip  about  in  the  middle  of  the  end  and  ventral  suture 
convex  below  it  and  then  concave  to  the  base,  2-celled  at  least  to 
the  middle,  narrowly  sulcate  dorsally,  ventral  suture  raised  and 
forming  a  strong  rib,  with  cross  section  Y-shaped,  nearly  erect  at 
tip  but  pedicel  horizontal  or  reflexed.  Flowers  4-12,  congested, 
about  12  mm.  long.  Banner  nearly  round,  about  1  cm.  long,  pur- 
ple-edged for  2  mm.  in  width,  arched  in  gentle  curve  to  10-20°  be- 
yond calyx.  Wings  oblong,  a  little  arched,  rounded  and  blunt, 
2-3  mm.  wide,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel  and  about  1-2  mm.  shorter 
than  banner.  Keel  purple-tipped,  about  8  mm.  long,  then  abruptly 
erect  and  tip  deltoid  and  4  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  nearly  hemispheri- 
cal, about  2  mm.  long,  rounded  at  base  and  about  equally  inserted, 
a  little  oblique  at  tip,  with  thread-like  teeth  very  lax  and  about  twic^- 


Leptocarpi  268 

as  lono:  as  tube.  Bracts  rather  longer  than  the  pedicels  which  are 
about  2  mm.  long  in  fruit.  Peduncles  2-3  cm.  long  and  spreading. 
Leaves  4-7  cm.  long,  nearly  sessile,  spreading.  Leaflets  G-8  pairs, 
nariowly-oblong-cuneatc,  contiguous,  rarely  1  cm.  long,  ashy  with 
minute  pubescence.  Stipules  scarious,  the  upper  green,  broad  at 
base,  subulate.  Stems  many,  relatively  rather  stout,  diffuse,  much 
branched.      Plains  of  western   Texas  to   Monterey,   Mexico. 

236.  Astragalus  Icptocarpus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  354  (1838).  Hamosa 
P.ydberg.  Hamosa  macilenta  Small.  Pods  rather  obcompressed  2- 
celled  except  at  tip,  indifferently  spreading  but  mostly  ascending, 
about  2  mm.  high  and  2-3  mm.  wide,  2-3  cm.  long,  nearly  straight, 
shallow-sulcate  dorsally,  smooth,  narrowly  linear,  triangular-acute 
and  point  in  line  with  ventral  suture.  Flowex's  3-7,  closely  clus- 
tered in  flower,  a  little  racemose  in  fruit,  about  1  cm.  long,  purplish. 
Banner  broadly  obovate,  with  narrow  furrow  down  the  back,  about 
6  mm.  long,  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  nearly  erect.  Wings 
obovate  to  oblanceolate.  arched,  about  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner 
and  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  4  mm.  long  and  high,  the 
base  straight  and  then  abruptly  erect  and  tip  acutish  and  out-turned 
a  little.  Calyx  tube  campanulate,  equally  inserted,  rather  oblique 
at  tip,  about  2  mm.  long,  sometimes  somewhat  nigrescent,  teeth  tri- 
angular, mostly  a  little  shorter  than  tube,  not  longer.  Bracts 
2  mm.  long,  about  as  long  as  fruiting  pedicels.  Peduncles  3-10 
cm.  long.  Leaves  3-7  cm.  long,  short-petioled.  Leaflets  hardly 
contiguous,  4-10  mm.  long,  2-4  mm.  wide,  cuneate-obovate  to  nar- 
rowly oblong,  5-10  pairs.  Stipules  about  4  mm.  long,  thin,  subulate. 
iStems'deliciiie  and  widely  branched  below,  flexuous,  with  internodes 
2-5  cm.  long.  This  appears  to  hybridize  with  A.  Nuttallianus. 
Nearly  througliout  Texas  and  southward  to  Central  Mexico.  Tropical. 

237.  Astragalus  tener  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  206  (1864). 
A.  hypoglottis  var.  strigosus  Kellogg.  Pods  nigrescent  when  young, 
neai-ly  straight  in  the  type,  rigid,  1-2  cm.  long,  about  3  mm.  wide 
and  high,  nearly  smooth  when  ripe,  short-pointed,  broadly  sulcate 
dorsally,  inclined  to  be  bisulcate  above  along  the  ventral  suture, 
round  to  obcompressed  in  cross  section.  Flowers  4-9,  purple- 
tipped,  5-7  mm.,  long.  Banner  oblong,  3-4  mm.  long,  abruptly 
arched  at  calyx  tips  to  erect,  with  sides  reflexed,  about  twice  as  long- 
as  keel,  and  1-2  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  broadly  linear, 
rather  arched,  about  1  mm.  wide.  Keel  narrow  but  arched  from  near 
the  base  to  over  a  half  circle,  about  1  mm.  wide,  the  deltoid  tip 
about  1.5  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  from  turbinate  to  campanulate, 
acute  at  base,  about  1  mm.  long,  the  triangular  teeth  as  long  as 
tube  to  a  half  shorter.  Bracts  white,  rather  ovate,  about  1  mm. 
long.  Pedicels  almost  none.  Peduncles  spreading,  3-4  cm.  long, 
shox-ter  than  leaves.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  long  when  mature,  the  lower 
ones  about  half  petiole,  numerous.  Leaflets  4-7  pairs,  linear  to 
cuneate-linear,  notched  in  the  type.  Stipules  small,  triangular, 
scarious.  Stems  neai'ly  filiform,  a  foot  or  less  high.  Pubescence 
sparse  and  minute.  In  valleys  from  the  Sacramento  valley  to  San 
Diego,  blooming  in  April  or  soon  after  rains.  A  very  variable 
species.  , 

Astragalus  tener  var.  Brucae,  n.  var.  Pods  falcate,  about  2  cm. 
long  and  4  mm.  high,  rather  papeiy,  broadly  linear,  triangular 
pointed,  conspicuously  flattened  latei-ally,  shortly  taper-pointed  with 
flat  tip,  mottled,  narrowly  sulcate  dorsally  and  not  at  all  ventrally, 
erect.  Flowers  few.  Calyx  tube  2  mm.  long,  the  teeth  half  the 
tube.  Leaflets,  3-4  pairs,  cuneate-obovate  to  almost  deltoid,  obcor- 
date,  all  the  petioles  half  the  leaf.  Stems  prostrate.  Stipules  very 
broad  for  the  plant  and  conspicuous,  2-3  mm.  long,  sometimes  al- 
most round.  No.  2430  Mrs.  Bruce,  plains  of  Butte  Co.,  blooming  in 
March. 

Astragalus  tener  var.  Rattanoides  n.  vai'.  Flowers  and  pods 
rather  many  in  dense  heads,  reflexed,  the  pods  about  1.5  cm.  long, 
triquetrous,  acuminate,  arched  to  one-third  circle,  rigid,  not  mottled, 


269  Leptocarpi. 

about  2  mm.  high,  a  little  laterally  flattened,  barely  grooved  below, 
obscurely  bisulcate  above.  Leaflets  narrowly  linear  and  acute, 
about  7  pairs,  about  1  cm.  long.  Stems  many,  erect  or  ascending. 
Upper  leaves  sessile.  Quite  a  peculiar  plant  but  evidently  an  off- 
shoot of  A.  tener.     Mt.  Eden  California,  Brandegee,  April  27,  1890. 

238.  Astragalus  RattanJ  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  19  75  (1883). 
A.  pauperculus  Greene.  Pods  very  narrowly  linear  to  almost  filiform, 
3-4  cm.  long,  rarely  2  mm.  high,  laterally  flattened  and  triquetrous, 
long-acuminate  to  a  fine  and  straight  point,  narrowed  below  and 
empty  and  seemingly  thick-stipitare,  .straight  or  equally  arched  to  a 
half  circle,  or  some  pods  bent  near  the  base,  shallow  sulcate  dor- 
sally,  not  at  all  ventrally  but  suture  raised  and  rib-like,  with  cross 
section  narrowly  triangular-cordate  to  almost  round,  the  tip  gen- 
erally erect  but  flowers  inclined  to  be  reflexed.  Flowers  about  1 
cm.  long  but  variable.  Banner  oval,  about  8  mm.  long,  deeply 
notched,  arched  abruptly  at  end  of  calyx  to  45 ^  with  sides  re- 
flexed  1  mm.  wide  in  the  ,middle.  Wings  half-rhomboidal,  about  the 
shape  of  the  keel  but  tapering  toward  the  tip,  about  1-2  mm.  longer 
than  keel  and  3-4  man.  shorter  than  banner,  nearly  white.  Keel  with 
straight  base,  about  5  mm.  long,  then  abruptly  erect,  about  2  mm. 
high,  the  tip  deltoid  and  3  mm.  high.  Calyx  rounded  at  base  and 
equally  inserted,  oblique  and  cleft  deeper  above  v.'ith  rounded 
sinuses,  the  teeth  triangular  and  about  one-third  the  tube.  The 
flowers  vary  a  half  in  size,  are  often  white  or  only  purple-tipped 
and  with  conspicuous  parallel-veined  white  spot,  making  the  heads 
seem  as  if  white  banded,  the  wings  vary  greatly,  often  being  ob- 
liquely oblong.  Bracts  hyaline,  about  1  mm.  long,  equaling  the  pedi- 
cels. Peduncles  2-5  cm.  long,  spreading,  longer  than  the  leaves, 
with  dense  heads.  Leaves  lax  and  thin,  2-3  cm.  long,  short-petioled, 
spreading,  with  4-5  pairs  of  linear-cuneate  and  notched  leaflets 
nearly  smooth.  Stipules  small  and  triangular.  Stems  almost  fili- 
form, straggling  over  weeds  or  flat  on  the  ground.  From  Mendo- 
cino Co.  southward  through  the  Sacramento  valley.  .  Tropical.  It 
is  very  doubtful  whether  this  is  distinct  from  A.  tener. 

239.  Astragalus  VVrightii  Gray  PI.  Lindh.  2  176  (1850).  Pods 
3-4  mm.  high,  laterally  flattened,  slightly  sulcate  dorsally,  with  par- 
tition intruded  to  the  middle,  very  blunt  and  rounded  at  base  and 
with  triangular  acute  tip  about  in  line  with  the  dorsal  suture  which 
is  straight,  the  ventral  suture  convex  and  pod  seemingly  up-side- 
down,  cross  section  triquetrous-cordate.  Flowers  4-5  mm.  long,  erect 
in  dense  heads,  much  as  in  A.  lotiflorus.  Banner  oval,  little  arched, 
3-4  mm.  long,  hardly  surpassing  the  calyx  lobes.  Wings  oblong, 
about  as  long  as  keel  and  a  little  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  with 
straight  base  and  erect  short  tip.  Calyx  tube  rather  turbinate, 
hardly  1  mm.  long,  cleft  nearly  to  the  base  with  sharp  sinuses,  the 
lobes  linear  and  acute,  3-4  mm.  long  and  erect,  about  half  as  long 
as  pods.  Bracts  like  the  calyx  lobes  and  as  long.  Pedicels  about 
1  mm.  long.  Peduncles  3-5  cm.  long,  strict,  in  the  upper  axils, 
longer  than  the  leaves,  becoming  stout.  Leaves  2-4  cm.  long,  the 
upper  sessile,  the  lower  half  petiole,  ascending.  Leaflets  3-5  pairs, 
rarely  1  cm.  long,  narrowly  to  broadly  elliptical,  acute  at  both  ends 
at  least  on  upper  leaves.  Stipules  conspicuous,  triangular,  green, 
3-5  mm.  long,  erect.  Stems  erect,  inclined  to  be  flexuous  and  sim- 
ple, though  often  branched,  a  foot  or  less  high,  with  slender  inter- 
nodes  shorter  than  the  leaves.  The  plant  has  the  habit  and  appear- 
ance of  a  Dalea.  It  grows  in  rather  open,  dry  or  stony  places  in 
central  Texas.  Tropical.  It  has  somewhat  the  appearance  of  A. 
sesamus. 

240.  Astragalus  NuttzIHanus  DC.  Prod.  2  289  (1825).  A. 
micranthus  Nutt,  Hamosa  Rydberg.  A.  Nuttallianus  var.  canescens 
T.  &  G.  Hamosa  austrina  Small.  Pods  2-3  cm.  long,  not  over  3  mm. 
high  or  wide,  slightly  sulcate  dorsally,  pubescent  except  when  fully 
ripe  at  times,  mostly  much  laterally  flattened,  barely  narrowed  be- 


Leptocarpi  270 

low,  triangular-apiculate.  Flowers  palo  or  purple-tipped,  arched. 
Banner  rather  obcordate,  a  little  longer  than  keel  and  equaled  by  the 
wings  or  oval  and  2  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  obovate,  about 
as  long  as  keel  or  a  little  more,  entire.  Keel  with  straight  base, 
then  rounded  to  erect  or  a  little  more,  the  tip  either  triangular- 
acuminate  or  deltoid  or  rarely  obtuse,  erect,  2-4  mm.  high.  Calyx 
tube  acute  at  base,  not  gibbous,  1-2  mm.  long,  the  teeth  subulate 
unequal,  and  as  long.  Bracts  ovate,  minute;  pedicels  very  short. 
Peduncles  very  short  to  3  times  as  long  as  leaves,  filiform.  Leaves 
sparse,  all  petioled,  2-5  cm.  long.  Leaflets  in  the  type  about  .5  pairs 
and  oval  to  elliptical,  rounded,  rarely  acutish,  mostly  notched,  con- 
tiguous, rather  smooth  above,  usually  about  7  mm.  long,  rarely  1 
cm.  or  2  m)n.  long.  Stipules  lanceolate.  Delicate  and  filiform 
stemmed  plants  from  a  few  inches  to  2  ft.  long,  freely  bi-anched 
below,  prostrate.  Common  from  the  Pacific  coast  to  the  Plains 
of  Colorado  throughout  the  Great  Basin  and  southward  to  central 
Mexico,  on  sandy  plains.  Lower  Temperate  and  Tropical  life  zone. 
Blooming  throughout  the  season,  sometimes  a  winter  annual.  A. 
subuniflorus,   Greene,  is  probably  the  same. 

Astragalus  Nuttaliianus  var.  trichocarpus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  334 
(1838).  A.  trichocarpus  (T.  &  G.)  Young.  This  differs  from  the 
type  in  having  the  whole  plant  even  to  the  pods  villous  with  spread- 
ing hairs.  Low  annual  mostly.  Peduncles  short.  Leaflets  .5-7  pairs, 
at  least  obtuse.  Flowers  about  4  mm.  long.  Keel  much  shorter 
than  the  banner,  tip  incurved  and  acute  to  obtuse,  the  annual  forms 
have  decidedly  pointed  keel.  This  is  more  common  in  Texas  and 
New   Mexico. 

Astragalus  Nuttaliianus  var.  enneajugus  Jones  Cont.  8  22 
(1898).  Pods  arched  most  below,  2  cm.  long,  2.5  mm.  high,  much 
flattened  laterally,  smooth,  ascending.  Flowers  several,  about  7  mm. 
long,  in  a  head  in  both  flower  and  fruit.  Calyx  tube  1.5  mm.  long, 
teeth  filiform-subulate,  nearly  double  the  tube.  Peduncles  shorter 
than  the  leaves  in  fruit  or  longer  in  flower.  Leaflets  at  least  on  the 
upper  leaves  9-10  pairs,  oblong,  emarginate,  not  over  1.5  cm.  long. 
Rooust  plants,  leafy,  1-1  Vo  ft.  high.  Stipules  conspicuous,  4  mm. 
long,  adnate.     Texan  prairies. 

Astragalus  Nuttaliianus  var.  quadrilateralis  Jones  Cont.  8  22 
(1898).  Pods  congested  at  tips  of  peduncles,  smooth,  gently  arcu- 
ate, 2  mm.  high,  2.5  cm.  long,  quadrilateral,  shallow-sulcate  at  both 
sutures,  sides  rather  concave,  tip  ascending  and  sharply  acute.  Flow- 
ers 3-6.  Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves  to  twice  as  long  in  fruit, 
5-10  cm.  long.  Leaflets  6-7  pairs,  oblong,  emarginate,  not  over  1 
cm.  long.  Plants  rather  stout  and  with  large  leaves,  erect,  annual, 
1  ft.  high.      Arkansas  and   Oklahoma. 

Astragalus  Nuttalianus  var.  leptocarpoides  JoneS  Cont.  8  22 
(1898).  Pods  few,  widely  spreading,  equally  arched,  not  over  1.5 
mm.  high,  2.5-3  cm.  long,  somewhat  flattened  laterally,  smooth,  ven- 
tral suture  not  depressed,  cross  section  triangular,  tip  barely  acute, 
apiculate.  Flowers  rather  large,  7-10  mm.  long.  Calyx  lobes 
barely  as  long  as  tube.  Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves,  5-8 
cm.  long  and  slender.  Leaflets  about  8  pairs,  5-10  mm.  long,  emar- 
ginate, oblong-elliptical.  Widely  spreading  to  prostrate  and  slen- 
der plants.     Seeds  many.     Prairies,  Galveston  Island,  Texas. 

Astragalus  Nuttaliianus  var.  Cedrosensis  (V.  &  R.  Cont.  Nat. 
Herb.  1  15  (1893)  as  species).  A.  pertenuis  Greene.  A  starved  form 
with  about  3  pairs  of  deltoid-cuneate  leaflets  2-4  mm.  long  and 
notched.  Flowers  1-3.  Caiyx  hemispherical.  Pods  10-12  mm.  long, 
narrowly  oblong,  equally  arched,  acute,  2  mm.  high,  smooth.  Cedros 
Island   Lower  California,   Palmer,   No.    692. 

241.  Astragalus  acutirostris  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  360 
(1885).  A.  streptopus  Greene.  Oxytropis  Jones.  Aragallus  Heller. 
Pods  almost  completely  2-celled,  acute  at  both  ends  and  almost  stipi- 
tate,    becoming   smooth    with    age,    horizontal    or    a    little    reflexed. 


271  Leptocarpi. 

Flowers  3-7,  remote,  whitish  or  purple-tipped,  4-6  mm.  long.  Ban- 
ner oval,  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  nearly  erect,  3-4  mm. 
long,  a  little  longer  than  wings.  Wings  lobed  or  enlarged  at  the 
end,  obovate,  about  as  long  as  keel.  Keel  with  an  acute  and  ascend- 
ing beak  but  variable.  Calyx  tube  short-campanulate,  1-2  mm.  long, 
the  slender  and  lax  teeth  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  and  pedicels  mi- 
nute. Peduncles  4-10  cm.  long,  somewhat  longer  than  the  widely 
spreading  leaves,  in  the  upper  axils.  Upper  petioles  short,  the 
lower  1-2  cm.  long.  Leaflets  5-7  pairs,  broadly  oblong-obovate, 
folded,  4-10  mm.  long,  very  short-petiolulate,  thickish  and  puberu- 
lent.  Stipules  deltoid  and  very  small.  Stems  diffusely  branched  be- 
low, with  the  habit  of  A.  Nuttallianus,  a  foot  or  two  long.  Internodes 
few  and  long.  On  the  hot  plains  from  Hawthorne  Nevada  to  Mex- 
ico along  the  eastern  face  of  the  Sierras  and  southeastward  to  the 
Charleston   Mts.      Tropical. 

242.  Astragalus  nothoxys  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  232  (1864). 
Oxytropis  Jones.  Aragallus  Heller.  Pods  pungently  acute,  scarcely 
contracted  below,  2-3  mm.  high,  nearly  2-celled,  smooth  or  nearly 
so,  sulcate  to  the  middle  dorsally,  nearly  erect.  Flowers  white  and 
purple-tipped,  8-10  mm.  long.  Banner  oblong,  5-7  mm.  long, 
abruptly  arched  at  calyx  tips  to  80°,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1 
mm.  wide  below.  Wings  linear  below  and  with  enlai'ged,  rounded 
and  obovate  tip,  2-4  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  with  arcuate  tip 
2  mm.  high,  exserted  not  over  2  mm.  beyond  calyx  tips,  the  body 
about  3  mm.  long  and  1  mm.  high.  Tipped  with  a  threadlike  beak. 
Calyx  tube  narrowly  campanulate,  3-4  mm.  long,  with  straight  base 
and  arched  upper  side,  1-2  mm.  high,  cleft  deeper  above,  oblique  and 
thickened  at  base.  The  subulate  teeth  unequal  and  about  half  the 
tabe.  Pedicels  2-3  mm.  long  in  fruit,  slender,  about  twice  the  ovate 
bracts.  Peduncles  5-15  cm.  long,  appearing  as  if  subscapiform,  ax- 
illary, rachis  several  flowered  and  rather  short.  Leaf  petioles  from 
2.5  cm.  long  to  none.  Leaflets  oval-obovate,  mostly  notched,  thick, 
mostly  flat  and  appearing  as  if  glaucous,  with  the  pubescence  minute, 
about  6  pairs,  4-7  mm.  long.  Stipules  subulate,  green,  2-4  mm.  long. 
Internodes  short  and  plants  very  leafy,  stems  a  foot  or  less  long,  very 
many  and  branched  below,  decumbent  at  base.  Whole  plant  nearly 
smooth.  Catalina  Mts.  Arizona.  Tropical.  Puerta  de  St.  Diego 
Chihuahua  Mexico,  Lumholtz.      Blooming  in   April. 


272 


MICRANTHI.     29. 


Flowers  very  small,  mostly  3-8  mm.  long  (12-15  mm. 
long  in  the  Pringlei  group,  in  Madrensis  and  ervoides), 
in  heads,  or  spikes,  or  rarely  in  short  racemes,  nearly 
always  reflexed.  Calyx  about  campanulate,  1-3  mm. 
long.  Pedicels  very  short.  Bracts  small.  Pods  oblong 
to  linear,  little  arched  but  always  oblique,  small,  4-12 
mm.  long,  2-celled  (imperfectly  so  in  Purpusi),  trique- 
trous to  reniform  in  cross  section,  not  inflated  or  but  little 
so,  papery  to  chartaceous,  sessile  or  minutely  stipitate 
(stipitate  in  A.  Purpusi),  rounded  to  notched  at  base, 
sharply  acute  (merely  apiculate  in  Seatoni),  sulcate  dor- 
sally,  ventral  suture  raised  and  thickened.  Woody 
rooted  perennials  (possibly  annual  in  A.  Pringlei)  with 
slender  stems,  either  short  and  csespitose  or  long  and 
widely  spreading,  rarely  erect.  The  Mexican  species  of 
this  group  are  poorly  known  and  arrangement  and  spe- 
cies are  only  tentative. 

KEY. 

A.      Flowers   few   and   in   racemes. 

AB.  Pods  much  laterally  flattened,  with  ventral  suture  the  more 
arched  and  tip  conspicuously  declined,  nearly  oval,  4-5  mm. 
long. 

Pods  Wdolly,  covered  by  the  leaveS.  243  lenliformis. 

A2B.  Pods  very  broad  or  obcompressed  in  cross  section,  oblong 
to  linear,  arcuate,  about  1-1.5  cm.  long.  Flowers  purple- 
tipped,  broad.  Calyx  campanulate.  Peduncles  slender,  5-10 
cm.  long.  Leaflets  elliptical,  rounded  or  barely  acute.  Stems 
slender  from  a  woody  root.  Stipules  small. 
Pedicels  evident. 

Foliage  ashy.  244  Madrensis. 

Foliage  nearly  smooth.  -  245  ervoides. 

Pedicels  almost  none.  j' 

I\)ds  1-2  cm.  long.  246  Grfeggii. 

Pods  7-10  mm.  long.  247  Luisianus. 

2A.       Flowers  in  heads. 

2A'B.  Flowers  and  pcds  reflexed  in  dense  heads  at  the  ends  of 
filiform  peduncles.  Calyx  turbinate-campanulate,  the  tube 
about  1  mm.  long.  Flowers  4-5  mm.  long,  broad.  Pods 
about  8  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high,  laterally  flattened,  very 
obtuse. 

Internodes  elongated  and  stems  almost  tilifonn.  24^    Pue!)lae, 

2A2B.  Flowers  ascending,  few,  in  loose  heads.  Calyx  campanu- 
late. Pods  apiculate  or  very  short-pointed,  not  reflexed.  Flow- 
ers narrow,  7-12  mm.  long.  Banner  oblong-ovate.  Wings 
about  1  mm.  wide.  Calyx  tube  about  3  mm.  long.  Pubescence 
ashy    and    minute. 

Pods  oblong.  7-10  mm.  long.  249  Pringlei. 

Pods  linear,  about  i  cm.  long.  250  parvus. 


273  Micranthi. 

Pods  linear-oljlong,  i  cm.  long,  3  mm.  high,  4  mm.  wide.         251   Schaffneii. 
2A3B.      Flowers    broad,    rather    many    in    dense    heads,    rarely    10 
mnn.    long.       Calyx    campanulate,     1-3    mm.    long.       Peduncles 
axillary.       Stems    decumbent    or    prostrate. 
2A3BC.       Leaflets  about   1   cm.  long,  appearing  narrow.    Flowers 
white,    4-7    mm.    long    (8-10    mm.    long    in    A.    Esperanzae). 
Peduncles   shorter   than   the   leaves,   slender.      Calyx   equally 
inserted,  not  oblique,   nearly  hemispherical.      Leaves  spread- 
ing.      Leaflets    folded.       Stems    slender,    with    many    leaves 
and   short   internodes. 
Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves.     Podt.  about  7  mm.  long 

252  Lemmoni, 
Peduncles  not  shorter  than  the  leaves.     Pods  about  i  cm.  long. 
Stipules -connate,  large.  253  Esperanzae. 

St.pules  free  and  small.  254  Chapalanus. 

2A3B2C.       Leaflets   broad,   about    5   mm.   long.      Flowers   purple- 
tipped,  about  5  mm.  long.      Peduncles  filiform,  much  longer 
than   the   leaves.      Stems   prostrate   and   short. 
Peduncles  much  longer  than  the  leaves     Pods  linear-oblong, 

I  cm.  long,  255  hypoxylus. 

2A3B3C.       Leaflets    3-5     mm.     long.       Flowers    purple    4-5    mm. 

long.       Peduncles    filiform,   about    as   long   as    leaves.      Calyx 

turbinate-campanulate,    1    mm.  long,  the   teeth  shorter  than 

the   tube.       Stems    slender,    2-4    dm.    long. 

A.  Purpusi  might  be  soug-ht  here,  but  has  a  stipitate  pod. 
3A.      Flowers  very  many,  in  spikes  which  are  mostly  dense  but  some- 
times linear,  elongated  and  loose.      The  plants  of  this  group  are 
mostly    Mexican    and    the    specific    limitations    are    merely    tenta- 
tive till  the  species  are  better  known. 
SAB.      Pods    sessile    (minutely    stipitate    in    A.    Hartwegi,    Saltonis 
and  Seatoni)  rigid,  reflexed,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  linear,  triangular- 
acute,   a   little   arched. 
3ABC.       Pubescence   fine   and   attached   by   the  base. 

3ABCD.      Flow^ers  about  8  mm.  long.     Pods  loosely  pubescent 
and  rather  nigrescent. 

Pods  reniform  in  cross-section  and  loosely  pubescent. 

256  Hartwegi 
Pods  triquetrous-cordate  and  smooth.  257  militaris 

Pods  deltoid  in  cross-section  and  nigrescent.  258  Saltonis 

3ABC2D.      Flowers  about  4  mnre.  long,  very  densely  clustered. 
Pods      closely      reflexed,      linear-lanceolate,      acuminate, 
sharply    arcuate    belov.^    about     1     cm.     long,     1-1.5    mm. 
high  and   1.5-2   mmi.  wide.      Leaflets  nearly  linear. 
Pods  pul.iescent.     Flowers  short  and  stubby.  259  vaccarum. 

3AB2C.       Pubescence    very    fine    and    attached    by    the    middle. 
Plants   silvery-silky.      Stipules    large,    hyaline    and    connate. 
Stems    procumbent. 
Pods  linear  and  closely  reflexed.  260  hypoleucus- 

3A2B.       Pods    not    linear,    ovate    to    oval,    but    little    longer    than 
calyx,  not  over  7  mm.  long,  closely  reflexed  in  narrow  spikes. 
Flowers   small   or   minute. 
3A2BC.       Pods    in    short    spikes.       Peduncles    filiform.       Stipules 
triangular,    not    connate. 
Pods  7  mm  long,  smooth.  261   oxyrhynchus. 

Pods  4  mm.  long,  nigrescent.  262  Seatoni, 

3A2B2C.      Pods  in  long  and  linear  spikes.      Flowers  white,  wide. 
Calyx  about  2  mm.  long.      Leaflets  8-10  pairs.      Stipules  not 
connate. 
Pods  ashy.  263  Goldmani. 

Pod  smooth.  264  Clevelandi. 


Micranthi.  274 

4A.      Pods   in   heads   and   on    slender   stipes    nearly   as   long   as    calyx. 
Flowers  minute. 

Pods  reflexed  and  pubejcent.  265  Purnusi, 

243.  Astragalus  lentiformis  Gray  Bot.  Cal.  1  156  (1876). 
Pods  broadly  oblont;',  3  times  the  calyx,  cha^taceous,  not  wrinkled, 
very  slightly  sulcate  dorsally,  normally  reflexed  though  sometimes 
ascending,  completely  2-celled,  woolly-pubescent,  both  sutures  prom- 
inent externally.  Cross-section  narrowly  to  broadly  ovate-cordate, 
partition  very  broad.  Flowers  white  like  those  of  A.  Lemmoni, 
about  5  mm.  long.  Banner  broadly  elliptical,  3-4  mm.  long,  arched 
abruptly  to  60°  at  the  end  of  calyx  tube,  2  mm.  longer  then  the 
wings,  sides  reflexed.  Wings  lanceolate,  arched  and  concealing 
keel,  obtuse.  Keel  rounded  from  the  base  to  the  tip  into  almost 
half  a  circle,  barely  exceeding  the  calyx  teeth,  with  short  blunt  and 
erect  tip.  Calyx  tube  woolly,  Hedeoma-like,  hemispherical,  arched,, 
cleft  deeper  above,  2  mm.  long,  teeth  rather  shorter  than  the  tube 
and  the  lower  the  longer.  Pedicels  almost  none  in  flower,  1  mm. 
long  in  fruit.  Bracts  hyaline,  ovate-acuminate,  2  mm.  long. 
Peduncles  7-15  mm.  long,  about  half  as  long  as  the  leaves,  stout,, 
seldom  as  long  as  the  rather  dense  racemes.  Leaves  2-4  cm.  long. 
Petioles  short.  Leaflets  5-7  pairs,  obovate  to  oblong-spatulate,  re- 
tuse  to  emarginate,  smoother  above,  4-10  mm.  long.  Stipules  not 
connate  except  below  and  larger  there,  adnate,  2-3  mm.  long  and 
rather  large,  ovate  or  the  upper  triangular.  Stems  prostrate,  slen- 
der, barely  grooved,  much  branched,  a  few  inches  long,  flowering, 
abundantly  from  all  the  nodes,  internodes  not  over  2.5  cm.  long. 
Pubescence  fine,  loosely  villous,  appressed,  more  or  less  hoary,  with 
slender  long  and  echinate  hairs  fixed  by  the  base.  Root  erect, 
much  branched.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone,  growing  in  the  sage- 
brush.    Sierra  Valley  California  to  Crook  Co.  Oregon. 

244.  Astragalus  Madrensis  n.  sp.  Pods  broadly  to  narrowly 
linear,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  about  2  mm.  high  and  1  mm.  wide,  some- 
what laterally  flattened  except  at  base,  abruptly  apiculate  to  shortly- 
acuminate,  narrowly-sulcate  dorsally,  strongly  reflexed.  Flowers 
few,  about  1  cm.  long,  reflexed.  Banner  oval  and  striped  with  pur- 
ple, abruptly  erect  at  calyx  tips  and  with  sides  reflexed  below, 
about  5  mm.  long.  Wings  obovate  and  veined,  about  as  long  as  ban- 
ner and  4  mm.  longer  than  keel,  nearly  straight.  Keel  about  3 
mm.  long  and  high,  deltoid  and  obtuse.  Calyx  about  3  mm.  long 
and  2  mm.  high,  with  straight  base  and  convex  upper  side,  nearly 
truncate  below  and  attached  by  the  lower  fleshy  corner,  not  narrowed 
below,  the  triangular  teeth  a  little  shorter  than  the  tube,  ashy 
with  flne  and  short  hairs.  Pedicels  2-3  mm.  long  and  equaled  by  the 
triangular  bracts.  Peduncles  about  5  cm.  long,  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  axillary.  Leaves  about  1  dm.  long,  all  short-petioled,  many. 
Leaflets  about  10  pairs,  5-10  mm.  long,  thickish,  appearing  as  if 
glaucous  but  minutely  ashy,  not  contiguous.  Stems  a  foot  or  two 
long,  decumbent,  with  very  short  internodes,  rather  stout,  v/oody 
below  and  branched,  with  the  habit  of  A.  bisulcatus.  Stipules  subu- 
late from  a  deltoid  base,  small.  Rather  common  in  the  Sierra 
Madres  of  Chihuahua  Mexico,  San  Diego  Canon,  Colonia  Juai'ez,  and 
Sabinal,  Jones.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  and  probably  Tropical 
also,  growing  in  open  places  along  creeks.  Bloommg  in  spring  and 
fall. 

245.  Astragalus  ervoides.  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beech  417  (1841). 
A.  apertus  Sheldon,  A.  Tepicus  Sheldon.  Pods  linear,  smooth,  acute. 
Flowers  10-12,  about  12  mm.  long,  with  petals  about  twice  the  calyx, 
white.  Calyx  broadly  campanulate,  about  3  mm.  long,  with  short 
and  black-hairy  teeth  and  pedicels.  Peduncles  axillary,  longer  than 
the  leaves.  Leaflets  7-8  pairs,  about  12  mm.  long,  linear-oblong  and 
obtuse.  Stipules  lanceolate  and  small.  Stems  slender,  widely 
spreading,  about  a  foot  long.  Pubescence  almost  none.  It  is  prob- 
able that  this  obscure  plant  from  Tepic  Mexico  belongs  here.  But  it 
is  very  poorly  described. 


275  Micranthi. 

246.  Astragalus  Greggii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  341 
(1882).  Pods  sessile,  1-2  cm.  long,  2-3  mm.  high,  1  mm.  wide, 
broadly  linear,  reticulated,  narrowly  and  shallow  sulcate  dorsally 
equally  arcuate  or  arched  most  belo->v,  triangular-acute,  smooth, 
laterally  flattened,  completely  2-celled,  erect,  inclined  to  be  naj- 
rowed  below  and  resembling  A.  leptoc£.rpus.  Flowers  6-9  mm.  lorsg^ 
2-4  in  a  head  or  short  raceme,  light-purple,  much  arched  as  in  A, 
junceus.  Banner  round,  5  mm.  long,  abruptly  erect.  Wings  ob- 
liquely obovate,  2  mm.  shorter  than  banner.  Keel  arched  in  a  hall 
circle  and  1-2  mm.  shorter  than  the  wings.  Calyx  woolly,  oblique„ 
with  teeth  subulate,  unequal,  curved  and  as  long  as  tube.  Bi-acts 
small,  ovate.  Pedicels  almost  none.  Peduncles  subterminal,  slen- 
der, 3-7  cm.  long.  Leaves  2-5  cm.  long.  Leaflets  4-8  pairs,  con- 
tiguous, greener  above,  obovate  to  oval  or  oblong,  obtuse  to  notcheds 
woolly  to  nearly  smooth,  2-7  mm.  long.  Stipules  connate  below, 
triangular.  Internodes  2-3  cm.  long.  Stems  very  slender,  flexuous„ 
about  a  foot  long  or  more,  prostrate  to  spreading,  seemingly  peren- 
nial from  underground  stems,  dense  and  woolly  and  white  on  the 
stems  and  young  parts,  the  hairs  spreading  or  reflexed.  This  has 
the  habit  of  A.  Nuttallianus  but  pods  are  higher  and  the  pubescence 
is  woolly,  also  like  A.  Lindheimeri  but  with  smaller  pods  and  floweis 
and  loose  pubescence,  the  pods  are  about  those  of  A.  leptocarpus.  Im 
the  mountains  of  Coahuila,  Zacatecas  and  Nuovo  Leon,  Mexlec^ 
Tropical. 

247.  Astragalus  Luisanus  n.  sp.  Pods  oblong-ovate  to  broadlj 
linear,  7-10  mm.  long,  a  little  arcuate,  2-3  mm.  high  and  ^ids-^ 
sometimes  5  mm.  wide,  rather  obcompressed,  nearly  smooth  wh&m 
ripe,  tapering  into  a  sharp  and  upturned  beak  about  2  mm.  Icrig,,, 
sulcate  dorsally.  Flowers  5-7  mm.  long,  broad,  few.  Banner  0Ta£„ 
about  4-7  mm.  long,  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  erect,  wijjk 
sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide  below.  Wings  broadly  linear,  1.3' 
lanceolate,  about  straight  and  as  long  as  banner,  or  arched  to  45\ 
about  1  mm.  wide  and  2  mm.  longer  ihan  keel.  Keel  about  4  mia. 
long  and  3  mm.  high,  arched  nearly  from  base  to  over  a  half  circl-e,, 
the  very  obtuse  tip  rather  hooked.  Calyx  nigrescent,  about  equally 
inserted,  about  2  mm.  long,  campanulate,  teeth  triangular  and 
about  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  hyaline,  hairy,  nearly  as  long  as 
calyx  tube.  Pedicels  almost  none.  Peduncles  filiform,  5-7  cm.  lorig„ 
Leaves  3-4  cm.  long,  the  upper  sessile.  Leaflets  elliptical,  obtuse 
to  barely  acute,  silvery-silky  with  fine  and  closely  appressed  rather 
long  hairs,  5-8  pairs.  Stipules  connate  above,  small.  Stems  slender, 
weaK,  a  lew  mcnes  long,  irom  a  woody  base  and  stout  root,  rather 
densely  leafy  and  with  short  internodes.  Central  Mexico,  blooming 
in  June,  probably  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  The  types  are 
Purpus  plants  Nos.  3208  from  near  Oaxaca  Mexico,  and  2477  from 
Esperanza  in  the  State  of  Puebla. 

248.  Astragalus  Pueblae  Jones  Cont.  14  35  (1912).  Pods 
broadly  linear,  about  1  mm.  wide,  a  trifle  wider  above,  thin,  witli 
cross  section  narrowly-cordate-triangular,  deltoid-apiculate,  rounded 
at  both  ends  and  very  blunt,  ashy,  sulcate  dorsally  except  at  tip 
and  base;  ventral  suture  straight  except  at  the  convex  tip  and 
base,  the  point  a  little  above  the  middle  of  the  end,  thickened  but 
not  raised.  Flowers  purple,  broad.  Banner  white,  broadly  oblocg; 
and  notched  strongly,  about  3.5  mm.  long,  with  sides  reflexed  closely,, 
arched  to  45°  at  calyx  tips  and  abruptly.  Wings  obliquely-ovater 
large  for  the  flower,  about  1  mm.  wide  and  1  mm.  longer  thara 
keel,  purple-tipped.  Keel  a  little  declined,  half-deltoid-ovate,  about 
2  mm.  long,  purple,  the  straight  but  not  erect  tip  very  broad  and 
barely  acute.  Calyx  teeth  rather  subulate,  about  half  as  long  as 
tube,  unequal,  tube  not  oblique  nor  unequally  inserted.  Bracts 
minute  and  scarious.  Pedicels  filiform,  about  2  mm.  long.  Pedun- 
cles nearly  erect.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  ashy,  lax,  short-petioled, 
spai-se.  Leaflets  4-5  pairs,  hardly  1  cm.  long,  linear  and  folded, 
distant.     Stems  nearly  filiform,  lax,  many,  branched,  with  the  long- 


Micranthi.  276 

internodes  nearly  as  long  as  the  leaves,  flexuous,  prostrate  or  widely 
spreading:.  Stipules  not  connate,  triangular,  2-3  mm.  long.  Root 
apparently  perennial.  Plants  with  the  habit  of  A.  Nuttallianus. 
Esperanza  Puebla  Mexico,  Purpus,  No.  5645.     Probably  Tropical. 

249.  Astragalus  Pringlei  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  21  449 
(1886).  Pods  oblong,  7-10  mm.  long,  about  3  mm.  wide  and  2 
mm.  high,  abruptly  and  strongly  apiculate,  with  ventral  suture 
straight  and  in  line  with  it,  broadly  sulcate  dorsally,  with  cross 
section  broadly  and  narrowly  (vertically)  reniform.  FloAvers  white 
or  purple-tipped,  8-12  mm.  long,  loose.  Banner  arched  a  little 
beyond  the  calyx  tips,  2-3  mm.  longer  than  wings,  with  sides  re- 
flexed  below.  Wings  broadly  linear,  a  little  arched,  2  mm.  longer 
than  keel.  Keel  narrow,  about  3  mm.  long,  gently  arched  from  base 
to  45-90°,  and  with  rounded  and  dark  tip  about  2  mm.  high. 
Calyx  tube  3-4  mm.  long,  about  2  mm.  high,  v.'ith  straight  base 
and  convex  upper  side,  oblique  at  base  and  acute  and  attached  by 
the  lower  corner,  not  oblique  at  tip  nor  deeper  cleft,  teeth  trian- 
gular and  nearly  half  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels  slender,  about  1 
mm.  long  and  about  as  long  as  the  ovate  bracts.  Peduncles  2-3 
cm.  long,  filiform,  axillary.  Leaves  about  2  cm.  long,  nearly  half 
is  petiole.  Leaflets  5-7  pairs,  linear  to  obovate,  obtuse,  2-3  mm. 
long,  not  contiguous,  thick,  ashy  with  minute  and  fine  short  hairs 
or  greener  above.  Stems  prostrate,  only  a  few  inches  long,  with 
short  internodes.  Stipules  small,  not  connate.  The  flowers  and  pods 
are  quite  variable  in  size.  Tropical,  blooming  in  April.  On  the 
plains  near  Chihuahua  City,  Zvlexico. 

250.  Astragalus  parvus  Hemslay  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  1  266  (1880). 
Pods  linear,  about  1  cin.  long  and  hardly  2  mm.  high,  apiculate, 
spreading,  sulcate  narrowly  along  the  dorsal  suture  which  is  straight, 
and  the  tip  in  line  with  it,  the  ventral  suture  convex.  Flowers 
purple,  about  7  mm.  long.  Banner  about  5  mm.  long,  arched  abruptly 
at  calyx  tips  to  45-90°,  with  sides  reflexed  below,  about  3  mm. 
longer  than  wings.  Wrings  oblong,  arched,  about  1  mm.  longer 
than  keel.  Keel  with  entire  blade  erect,  2  mm.  long  and  high,  the 
front  rounded  to  over  a  half  circle,  very  obtuse.  Calyx  tube  about 
2  mm.  long,  narrowed  below,  little  oblique  attached  below  the  mid- 
dle to  a  slender  but  minute  pedicel,  the  triangular  teeth  about  half 
as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  minute.  Peduncles  2-3  cm.  long, .  longer 
than  the  leaves,  subterminal.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  long,  spreading,  only 
the  uppermost  sessile.  Leaflets  6-9  pairs,  oblong,  distant,  obtuse, 
2-4  mm.  long,  short-petiolulate.  Stipules  very  small,  broad,  green, 
not  connate.  Stems  rather  many  from  a  thick  root,  decumbent,  a 
few  inches  long,  with  short  internodes.  San  Luis  Potosi  Mexico, 
Lower  Temperate  life  zone,  in  open  places. 

251.  Astragalus  Schaffneri  n.  sp.  Pods  about  1  cm.  long,  3 
mm.  high  and  4  mm.  wide,  linear-oblong,  a  little  arcuate,  with  the 
ventral  suture  concave  and  the  somewhat  declined  tip  in  line  with 
it,  triangular-acute,  broadly  sulcate  dorsally,  with  reniform  cross 
section,  indifferently  spreading  or  reflexed.  Flowers,  pedicels  and 
bracts  as  in  A.  parvus.  Peduncles  filiform,  3-6  cm.  long.  Stems 
nearly  filiform,  flexuous,  widely  spreading,  freely  branched  below 
and  open,  from  slender  woody  rootstocks,  about  a  foot  high,  with 
internodes  2-3  cm.  long,  floriferous  nearly  throughout.  Stipules  sub- 
ulate, conspicuous,  spreading  3-4  mm.  long.  Leaves  3-4  cm.  long, 
ascending,  all  but  the  lowest  sessile.  Leaflets  5-8  pairs,  nearly  1  cm. 
long,  distant,  folded  and  seemingly  linear  but  narrowly  elliptical, 
long-petiolulate,  obtuse.  No.  815  Schaffner  from  San  Luis  Potosi 
Mexico.  This  has  been  referred  to  A.  parvus  by  Watson,  but  it 
appears  to  be  quite  a  different  plant.     Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 

252.  Astragalus  Lemmoni  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  8  626 
(1873).  Pods  half-oblong-ovate,  about  7  mm.  long,  2  mm.  wide  and 
1.5  mm.  high,  with  cordate  cross  section,  almost  straight  (rarely 
a  little  arcuate)  along  the  ventral  suture  and  ending  in  a  sharp 
mucro   and   triquetrous,   shallow-sulcate   dorsally,   green   or  reddish, 


277  Micranthi. 

ascending,  ashy.  Flowers  4-5  mm.  long.  Banner  oval,  about  ^ 
mm.  long:,  with  sides  reflexed  about  V2  mm.  wide  below,  abruptly 
erect  at  end  of  tube,  waterlined,  o^f^t-^n  seemingly  fiddle-shaped; 
groove  U-shaped  and  very  broad  and  filling  the  whole  banner  above. 
Wings  oblong,  arched  30",  about  1  mm.  wide^  about  as  long  as  ban- 
ner, or  2  mm.  shorter,  oblique  and  ob+use  at  tip,  the  right  hanVl 
one  incun^ed  over  keel,  the  other  flaring,  tips  connivent,  2  mm. 
^Miiger  than  keel.  Keel  half-oval-obovate,  about  2  mm.  long,  obtuse. 
alyx  a  little  over  1  mm.  long,  reddish,  with  acutish  base,  ashy, 
;ther  shorter  than  the  subulate  and  curved  teeth,  on  a  slender 
pedicel  about  1  mm.  long  which  equals  the  linear  and  thin  bract. 
Peduncles  axillai-y  throughout,  often  twin,  about  2  cm.  long,  filiform. 
Leaves  3-4  cm.  long,  wide,  the  upper  ones  sessile.  Leaflets  about 
pairs,  seemingly  linear  but  narrov.iy  to  broadly  elliptical,  obtuse, 
ther  thin,  slender-petiolulate  and  rather  cuneate  at  base,  about  1 
cin.  long  above,  appearing  green  especially  above  but  minutely  pu- 
l)escent.  Stems  1-3  ft.  long,  prostrate  in  wide  mats,  many,  simple 
above,  freely  branched  below,  straight,  with  internodes  a  little 
shorter  than  the  leaves.  Stipules  triangular,  green,  about  4  mm. 
long,  not  connate.  Root  thick,  rather  fleshy  and  erect.  Stems 
herbaceous  to  the  very  base.  From  Chat  to  Yreka  California,  grow- 
ing on  the  sagebrush  benches  on  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Sierras. 
Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  This  has  the  flowers  and  habit  of  A. 
Pulsiferje  and  debilis. 

253.  Astragalus  Esperanzcc  n.  sp.  Pods  about  1  cm.  long,  3-4 
mm.  wide  and  2  mm.  high,  oblong,  neaily  straight,  the  ventral  su- 
ture a  little  concave,  shortly  triangular-acute  at  tip  with  a  small  flat 
mucro,  obcompressed  below,  with  cross  section  reniform,  shining 
when  ripe  and  finely  cross-nerved,  opening  throughout  at  both  su- 
i^ures,    reflexed,    broadly    sulcate    dorsally    to    the    middle.      Flowers 

_  leenish-white  or  purple-tinged,  becoming  yellowish  when  dry,  about 
-10  mm.  long,  about  10,  spreading  in  a  dense  head.  Banner  oval, 
r)-7  mm.  long,  arched  sharply  to  nearly  erect  at  calyx  tips,  with 
sides  reflexed  1  mm.  wide  below,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  wings^ 
or  about  equaling  them.  Wings  broadly  linear,  about  2  mm. 
wide,  arched  to  45%  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  half-rhomboidal^ 
about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  the  base  a  little  convex  then  abruptly 
bent  to  erect  and  tip  broadly  triangular  and  acutish,  exceeding  the 
calyx  teeth  by  about  2  mm.  Calyx  tube  about  2-3  mm.  long,  ni- 
grescent, cleft  deeper  above,  the  triangular-subulate  teeth  about  as 
long  and  straight.  Pedicels  almost  none,  bracts  lanceolate,  white, 
thin  and  about  as  long  as  calyx  tube.  Peduncles  slender,  about 
•1-15  cm.  long,  longer  than  the  leaves,  axillary  above,  single. 
Leaves  4-5  cm.  long,  broad,  all  short-petioled.  Leaflets  8-12  pairs, 
linear  to  cuneate-linear,  blunt,  about  8-15  mm.  long,  ashy  with  very 
short  and  rough  appressed  hairs,  not  contiguous.  Stipules  conspic- 
uously connate  almost  to  the  tips,  rather  hyaline,  5  mm.  long.  Stems 
several,  mostly  from  underground  branches  of  a  stout  root,  flexuous,. 
spreading,  a  few  inches  to  2  ft.  long,  with  many  internodes  1-5  cm., 
long,  leafy.  Esperanza  Puebla  Mexico,  No.  3207  Purpus.  In  bloom  in 
August,  evidently  the  second  flowering  of  the  year.  Lower  Tem- 
perate life  zone  probably.  Plateado  Zacatecas  Mexico.  J.  X.  Rose 
Nat.  Herb.  No.  301689,  Sept.  3,  1897;  Tlalnepantla  state  of  Mexica. 
July  6,  1905,  J.  N.  Rose,  Nat.  Herb.  No.  451904;  Tulancingo  state 
of  Hidalgo,  J.  N.  Rose,  Nat.  Herb.  No.  452311;  Alvarez  San  Lui* 
Potosi,  Palmer,  July  13,  1904,  Nat.  Herb.  No.  471072.  The  Purpus 
material   in   my  herbarium  is   the   type. 

254.  Astragalus  Chapalanus  n.  sp.  About  as  in  A.  Esperanza* 
but  stipules  minute  and  subulate  and  not  at  all  connate.  Pods 
about  1.5  cm.  long,  obliquely  lanceolate-oblong  and  a  little  arcbed,. 
shortly  acuminate,  on  stout  peduncles  5-7  cm.  long  which  aboul 
equal  the  leaves.  Leaves  about  5  cm.  long,  sessile,  of  about  10-12  pairs, 
or  subalternate  leaflets  which  are  neariy  contiguous,  broadly  linear„ 
long-petiolulate,  shortly  cuneate  at  base.     Stems  about  a  foot  hig-h„ 


Micrantki.  *  278 

ffexuous,  with  internodes  nearly  as  long  as  leaves,  decumbent  at 
Ease  and  with  peduncles  in  the  middle  axils.  Blooming  evidently 
in.  July  and  fruiting  in  September  and  with  peduncles  in  the  upper 
axils,  but  the  type  gathered  in  October  after  the  tops  had  a  second 
:^rawth  from  the  fall  rains  after  fruiting.  Near  Chapala  Jalisco 
Hex.,  Oct.  5,  1903.     J.  N.  Rose,  Nat.  Herb.  No.  451239. 

255.  Astragalus  hypoxylus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  18  192 
(1883).  Pods  about  1  cm.  long  and  8  mm.  wide  and  high,  obliquely 
ajid  narrowly  linear-oblong,  with  ventral  suture  about  straight  or 
a  trifle  concave,  shortly  acuminate  into  a  triangular  beak  about  2 
aim.  long  which  is  straight  with  the  ventral  suture,  inclined  to  be  a 
little  laterally  flattened,  ascending,  cross  section  cordate,  rather 
narrowly  sulcate  dorsally,  ashy.  Banner  about  3-4  mm.  long, 
oval,  abruptly  erect  at  end  of  tube.  Wings  oblong,  about  as  long 
as  banner  and  2  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  2  mm.  long 
and  high,  erect  and  deltoid,  acutish.  Calyx  tube  turbinate,  about 
2  mm.  long,  tapering  into  the  slender  but  very  short  pedicel,  ni- 
«:rescent,  with  subulate  teeth  as  long  as  tube  and  lax.  Bracts  mi- 
nute, about  as  long  as  pedic.ls.  Peduncles  about  5  cm.  long,  from 
the  lower  axils,  twice  as  long  as  leaves.  Leaves  2-3  cm.  long,  all 
short-petioled,  spreading.  Leaflets  4-6  pairs,  oval-obovate  and  long- 
petiolulate,  rounded,  ashy  with  fine  and  appressed  hairs.  Stipules 
not  connate,  small,  green,  triangular.  Stems  loosely  matted,  a  few 
inches  long,  with  short  internodes.  Huachuca  Mts.  Arizona,  Lemmon. 
Purpus's  No.  2477  from  Esperanza  Puebla  seems  to  be  the  same. 
Plants  referred  to  this  from   Lower  California  seem  diff"erent. 

Astragalus  Purpusi  Jones  might  be  sought  here,  but  has  a 
atipitate    nod. 

256.  Astragalus  Hartwegi  Benth.  PL  Hartw.  10  (1839).  Pods 
2-3  mm.  wide,  about  2  mm.  high,  with  renilorm  cross  section,  often 
a,  little  sulcate  ventrally  as  well  as  dorsally,  appearing  as  if  a 
trifle  inflated,  densely  spicate  and  very  closely  reriexed,  minutely 
stipitate.  Flowers  white  or  purple,  closely  reflexed.  Banner  nearly 
round,  closely  hugging  the  keel  or  abruptly  arched  to  45'  beyond 
the  calyx  t.ps,  rather  thick  and  with  sides  barely  reflexed  around 
the  margin,  about  3  mm.  long,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  wings. 
Wings  linear,  a  lif'tle  ardhed,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel 
with  straight  base  and  then  abruptly  erect,  obtuse,  the  general  out- 
line falcate-obovate,  about  2  mm  high.  Calyx  tube  canipanulate, 
about  2  mm.  long,  very  oblique  at  both  ends  and  attached  on  the 
lower  corner,  nigrescent,  the  deltoid  teeth  about  half  as  long  as 
tube.  Fruiting  pedicels  hardly  1  mm.  long  and  about  as  long  as 
the  hyaline  bracts.  Peduncles  5-20  cm.  long,  subterminal,  rather 
stout,  much  longer  than  the  leaves,  rarely  some  lower  ones  short. 
Floral  spikes  shorter  than  the  peduncles.  Leaves  rarely  5  cm.  long, 
the  upper  sessile.  Leaflets  5-9  pairs,  not  contiguous,  narrowly  ob- 
long, obtuse,  rather  smooth  above,  5-15  mm.  long,  cuneate  at  base, 
those  of  the  lower  leaves  much  reduced  and  often  oval.  Stipules 
not  connate,  lanceolate,  rather  large,  green.  Internodes  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Stems  slender  ascending,  a  foot  or  two  long,  flexu- 
mis,  branched  below,  from  an  erect  and  rather  slender  root.  Pu- 
ttescence  short  and  closely  appi'cssed.  Central  Mexico,  and  north- 
ward  probably   to   Chihuahua.      Lower   Temperate   life   zone. 

257.  Astragalus  militaris  n.  sp.  Pods  about  2  mm.  wide  and 
Jiigh,  and  1  cm.  long,  shining,  with  triquetrous-cordate  cross  section, 
deeply  sulcate  dorsally,  not  at  all  ventrally.  Flowers  pink-purple, _ 
spreading.  Banner  oval,  about  4  mm.  long,  with  sides  reflexed 
in  the  middle  about  1  mm.  wide,  abruptly  erect  at  calyx  tips, 
-deeply  notched;  white  spot  filling  the  unreflexed  banner  blade,  and 
traversed  by  spreading  rays  of  purple ;  the  groove  fills  the  whole 
banner.  Wings  very  large,  oblong-elliptical,  2  mm.  wide,  as  long 
a§  banner,  concave  to  keel  and  very  obtuse  and  rounded,  with  tips 
aearly  hoi-izontal,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  arched 
jbftza  base  into  iibout  a  half  circle*  about  3  nun.  long  ind  2  mm.  high* 


279  Micranthi. 

very  obtuse.  Bracts  triangular,  about  equaling  the  calyx  tube  and 
much  longer  than  the  1  mm. -long  pedicels.  Calyx  Hedeoma-like, 
about  1.5  mm.  long,  laterally  flattened,  broadly  campanulate,  very 
oblique  at  both  ends,  inserted  a  little  below  the  middle  of  the  end, 
sparsely  long-hairy  with  appressed  hairs,  teeth  triangular-subulate, 
lax,  about  as  long  as  tube.  Peduncles  filiform,  5-10  cm.  long,  lax, 
axillary.  Spikes  2-5  cm.  long,  becoming  a  little  loose  in  fruit, 
never  very  dense.  Leaves  5-7  cm.  long,  mostly  all  petioled.  Leaf- 
lets 6-8  pairs,  narrowly  elliptical,  nearly  1  cm.  long,  long-petiolulate 
and  cuneate  at  base,  distant,  obtuse.  Stipules  triangular  to  subu- 
late, hyaline  below,  3-5  mm.  long,  not  connate.  Stems  very  slender 
and  flexuous,  nearly  erect  from  a  woody  base,  about  a  foot  high,  in- 
ternodes  rarely  2  cm.  long.  Soldier  Canon  near  Colonia  Juarez  Chi- 
huahua Mexico,  Sept.  16,  1903,  Jones.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  I 
also  refer  to  this  Pringle's  No.  1586  from  Carretas  Chihuahua  Mexico 
which  was  distributed  as  A.  Hartwegi  and  was  considered  by  Wat- 
son to  be  A.  parvus.  Palmer's  No.  441  from  Durango  Mexico  with 
white  flowers  is  the  same. 

258.  Astragalus  Saltonis  n.  sp.  Pods  as  in  A.  Hartwegi  but 
barely  sulcate  dorsally  and  not  at  all  ventrally,  with  deltoid  cross 
section,  about  1.5  cm.  long,  nigrescent,  papery  and  a  little  inflated, 
nearly  straight.  Flowers  white  with  purple  tips,  and  like  the  pods 
closely  reflexed  and  densely  clustered.  Banner  oval,  arched  to 
nearly  a  half  circle  at  calyx  tips,  with  sides  closely  reflexed  fully 
1  mm.  wide  above,  about  4  mm.  long.  Wings  oblong,  arched,  white, 
fully  as  long  as  banner  or  longer.  Keel  arcned  from  base  to  tip  in 
about  one-third  circle,  and  upper  side  about  straight  from  base  to 
tip,  obtuse,  about  3  mm.  long  and  as  long  as  or  1  mm.  shorter  than 
banner,  conspicuous.  Calyx  tube  narrowly  campanulate,  a  little  nar- 
rowed below  and  obtuse  but  about  equally  inserted,  very  oblique 
above,  very  nigrescent  with  fine  soft  rather  spreading  short  hairs, 
teeth  subulate  nearly  as  long  as  tube  and  lax.  Pedicels  1  mm.  long. 
Bracts  lanceolate,  the  lower  5-7  mm.  long,  lax  and  hyaline,  hairy  as 
in  all  the  allied  species.  Peduncles  stout,  about  1  dm.  long,  sub- 
terminal.  Leaves  5-10  cm.  long,  widely  spreading  and  lax,  the 
upper  about  sessile.  Leaflets  nearly  linear  to  narrowly  oblong, 
cuneate  and  long-petiolulate  below,  obtuse,  1  cm.  long,  nearly  15 
pairs,  softly  silky-pubescent  below  with  very  fine  and  spreading 
hairs  and  rough  surface,  the  upper  side  smooth.  Stipules  connate 
and  large,  often  1  cm.  long.  Stems  decumbent,  flexuous,  not  slen- 
der, about  a  foot  long.  Liternodes  2-5  cm.  long.  Salto  de  Aqua 
Mexico,  stcite  of  Mexico,  No.  1751  Purpus.  A  plant  from  near  Cima 
state  of  Mexico  by  J.  N.  Rose,  Sept.  19,  1903,  is  a  le-3S  developed 
form  with  smaller  and  shorter  leaves. 

259.  Astragalus  vaccarum  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  43  (1853).  A. 
Daleae  Greene.  Pods  softly  pubescent,  broadly  sulcate  to  the  mid- 
dle, with  reniform  cross  section.  Flowers  greenish-white  (sometimes 
purple),  very  short  and  stubby.  Banner  about  round,  2  mm.  long, 
abruptly  arched  to  more  than  erect,  about  as  long  as  the  obovate 
and  rounded  wings  which  a  little  surpass  the  keel.  Keel  with  whole 
blade  erect,  half-oval-ovate,  about  2  mm.  high,  obtusish.  Calyx 
tube  rather  narrowly  campanulate,  hardly  1  mm.  long,  oblique  at 
tip,  teeth  triangular,  nearly  as  long  as  tube  which  is  appressed  and 
scantily  hairy  with  long  hairs.  Bracts  fully  as  long  as  calyx,  lan- 
ceolate. Pedicels  almost  none.  Peduncles  filiform  5-15  cni.  long,  ax- 
illary. Leaves  3-8  cm.  long,  lax,  the  upper  sessile.  Leaflets  6-10 
pairs,  narrowly  elliptical,  cuneate  and  long-petiolulate  below,  obtuse, 
5-15  mm.  long,  distant.  Stipules  triangular  to  subulate,  not  connate, 
often  5-8  mm.  long.  Stems  rather  slender,  nearly  erect,  a  foot  or 
two  high,  branched  below.  Central  New  Mexico  to  the  Huachuca 
Mts.  Arizona  and  southward  to  Sinaloa,  Durango,  and  Hidalgo 
Mexico.  Blooming  in  July.  Forms  that  are  similar  but  with 
i(i:o<a^<.i  poda  n:.oi-c  like  A.  Ilariwcj^i  froiu  the  otava  ox  .AltXiCO  foiiu 


Micranthi.  280 

Prinjrle's  No.  6445,  distributed  as  A.  Seatoni.     Lower  Temperate  life 
zone.     This  is  hardly  more  than  a  pood  variety  of  A.  Hartwegi. 

260.  Astragalus  hypoleucus  Schauer  Linntea  20  747  (1847). 
Pods  linear-oblong-,  1-1. G  cm.  long,  2-3  mm.  wide,  1.5-2  mm.  high, 
obcompressed,  closely  reflexed,  a  little  arcuate,  sulcata  dorsally 
\vith  V-shaped  sulcus,  apiculate,  with  cross  section  obcordate,  with 
ventral  suture  a  little  raised  externally,  arranged  in  dense  spikes. 
Flowers  spicate  to  racemose-spicate,  white,  spreading,  or  slightly 
reflexed,  4-5  mm.  long.  Banner  arched  to  90'  at  tip  of  calyx 
tube;  sides  reflexed  at  base  to  90' ;  tip  notched  1.5  mm.  deep;  groove 
barely  evident;  blade  4  mm.  long,  2  mm.  wide,  oblong.  Wings 
oblong-ovate,  hooded,  distant  from  keel  and  arched  over  it  so  that 
the  keel  and  wings  form  the  figui'^  3  laid  on  its  side,  about  1  mm. 
wide,  1  mm.  high,  ascending  10'.  Keel  very  short  and  blunt,  tip 
incurved  at  least  100^  Calyx  tube  villous-woolly,  2  mm.  long,  cam- 
panulate,  not  oblique  at  base ;  teeth  triangular,  the  lower  much  the 
longer  but  not  longer  than  tube.  Bracts  white-pubescent,  2  mm. 
long  in  fruit  and  closely  recui-ved.  Flowering  pedicels  barely  evi- 
dent. Peduncles  persistent,  with  rachis  1-1.5  dm.  long,  floriferous 
on  the  upper  one-half  to  one-third,  shallow-sulcate.  Leaves  all  but 
the  lowest  sessile,  about  5-7  cm.  long,  often  fascicled  when  they 
arise  from  the  woody  tips  of  the  stems.  Leaflets  about  10  pairs, 
broadly  to  narrowly  elliptical,  not  over  1.2  cm.  long,  thickish, 
rounded  above,  abruptly  narrowed  at  base,  rather  long-petiolulate, 
not  contiguous,  rarely  truncate,  rather  less  pubescent  above  than 
below.  .  Stipules  connate  almost  to  tip,  scarious,  barely  adnate. 
Stems  simple,  floriferous  above,  lower  parts  often  woody,  decum- 
bent, flexuous,  1-3  ft.  long,  internodes  3-7  cm.  long,  shallow-sulcate. 
Root  woody;  pubescence  of  whole  plant  silvery-white.  Zacatecas, 
Puebla,  Nuovo  Leon,  Hidalgo,  and  central  Mexico.  Lower  Temper- 
ate life  zone.     This  has  the  habit  of  A.  humistratus. 

261.  Astragalus  oxyrhynchus  Hemsley  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  1  265 
(1880).  Pods  about  7  mm.  long,  oblong-ovate,  with  falcate  and 
very  acutely  triangular  tip,  smooth,  sulcate  dorsally,  with  reniform 
cross  section,  somewhat  obcompressed.  Flowers  5-7  mm.  long, 
broad,  nearly  sessile,  purple.  Banner  round,  purple-striped,  abruptly 
arched  at  calyx  tips  to  erect,  about  3  mm.  long,  a  trifle  longer  than 
wings.  Wings  oblong,  arched,  barely  longer  than  the  large  keel. 
Keel  nearly  a  half  circle,  obtuse.  Calyx  nigrescent,  about  2  mm. 
long, 'teeth  subulate  and  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  small,  subulate- 
triangular.  Peduncles  2-6  cm.  long.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  long,  nearly 
sessile.  Leaflets  6-9  pairs,  oblong-linear,  7-10  mm.  long,  obtuse, 
ashy  with  minute  short  and  closely  appressed  hairs.  Stems  slender, 
flexuous,  Avidely  spreading  to  prostrate,  with  slender  internodes. 
Valley  of  Mexico,  San  Luis  Potosi,  and  state  of  Hidalgo.     Tropical. 

262.  Astragalus  Seatoni  Jones  Cont.  7  676  (1895).  Pods  half- 
oblong-oval,  apiculate,  not  acuminate  nor  long-pointed,  about  4  mm. 
long  and  2  mm.  wide,  minutely  stipitate,  with  nearly  round  cross 
section,  a  little  sulcate  dorsally  and  the  suture  a  trifle  intruded  but 
not  completely  2-celled,  nigrescent.  Flowers  white  or  whitish,  ses- 
sile, 3-4  mm.  long,  broad.  .Banner  round,  abrup.ly  arched  to  erect 
at  end  of  tube,  about  2  mm.  long.  Wings  narrovv?  and  about  as 
long.  Keel  very  arcuate,  oblong  and  rounded,  about  as  long  as 
banner.  Calyx  almost  hemispheiical,  about  1.5  mm.  long,  ni- 
grescent, the  triangular  teeth  a  little  shorter.  Bracts  and  pedicels 
almost  none.  Peduncles  about  £s  long  as  leaves,  3-4  cm. ,  long, 
axillary,  spreading.  Leaves  wide,  3-4_  cm.  long,  widely  spreading, 
the  upper  sessile.  Leaflets  10-12  pairs,*8-15  mm.  long,  linear,  nearly 
smooth.  Stipules  small.  Stems  very  slender  and  branched  through- 
out, the  branches  widely  spreading,  decumbent  from  slender  root 
branches,  a  foot  or  tv\'o  long.  Internodes  about  as  long  as  the 
leaves,  slender  and  with  sparse  leaves.  Mt.  Orizaba  Mexico  at 
10,000  ft.  alt.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  Seaton.  Blooming  in 
July.     Bourgeau's  specimen  belongs  to  A,  oxyrhynchus. 


281  MicranthJ. 

Astragalus  Seatoni  var.  Crucis  n.  var.  Pods  narrowly  oblonc:, 
and  shortly  acuminate,  8-12  mm.  long.  Flowers  about  4-5  mm. 
long.  Upper  stipules  large,  ovate  and  green.  Leaflets  narrowly 
oblong,  1  cm.  long  and  3  mm.  Avide.  Pringle's  No.  6445  Sierra  de 
Las  Cruces  at  10,000  ft.  alt.,  state  of  Mexico,  August   13,   1896. 

263.  Astragalus  Goldmani  n.  pp.  Pods  half-oval,  about  5  mm. 
long,  3-4  mm.  wide  and  2  mm.  high,  ashy,  cordate  at  base  and  about 
sessile,  truncate  and  minutely  deflexed-apiculate  at  tip,  narrowly 
sulcate  to  the  middle  dorsally  and  wholly  2-celled  to  tip,  rather  flat 
or  rounded  ventrally  and  the  suture  thickened  but  not  raised  and 
straight  to  a  little  concave,  cross  section  reniform  to  triquetrous- 
renifoi-m,  not  cross-ribbed,  closely  reflexed  in  linear  spikes  1-2  dm. 
long.  Flowei's  white  or  ochroleucous,  soon  reflexed,  5-7  mm.  long, 
stubby  and  wide.  Banner  nearly  round,  about  3  mm.  long,  abruptly 
arched  to  erect  at  end  of  calyx  tube  and  with  sides  reflexed  1  mm. 
wide.  Wings  broadly  oblong  and  blunt,  arched  30°,  as  long  as  ban- 
ner and  2  mm.  longer  than  the  half-circular  keel  which  is  fully  as 
high  as  long  and  rounded  and  purple-tipped.  Calyx  hemispherical, 
cleft  deeper  above,  equally  inserted,  nigrescent  or  silvery  hairy  on  a 
minute  and  reflexed  stout  pedicel,  teeth  triangular,  rather  shorter 
than  the  tube.  Bi'acts  filiform,  white,  about  3  mm.  long.  Peduncles 
1-2  dm.  long,  strict,  in  the  upper  axils,  fruiting  rachis  often  3  dm. 
long,  rather  loosely  fruited.  Leaves  about  sessile  above,  rarely  1 
dm.  long,  with  elliptical-oblanceolate  leaflets  1-2  cm.  long,  which 
are  long-petiolulate,  rather  distant,  thin,  sparsely  to  densely  white- 
hairy  with  rather  tangled  hairs  fixed  by  the  base  and  sometimes 
rather  woolly,  leaflets  on  the  lower  leaves  small  and  obovate,  mostly 
rounded  and  obtuse  but  sometimes  shortly  acute.  Stipules  triangu- 
lar-subulate, 4-6  mm.  long,  green.  Stems  slender,  erect  or  decum- 
bent only  at  base,  2-3  ft.  high,  simple,  tufted  from  a  slender  and 
rather  woody  root.  Probably  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.  The  type 
is  No.  335619  National  Herbarium,  Goldman's  No.  119  from  Pa'rral 
Chihuahua  Mexico,  Sept.  19,  1898.  Lower  Temperate  life  zone. 
E.  A.  Goldman.  Other  specimens  which  I  refer  here  are  Palmer's 
No.  440  (Nat.  Heb.  304738)  from  Pasquiaro  Durango,  1896.  Near 
Santa  Gertrudis  Tepic,  Aug.  8,  1897,  J.  N.  Rose,  No.  302355,  a 
woolly  form  with  nigrescent  calyx  as  in  the  type.  E.  Palmer  No. 
278  (Nat.  Herb.  571298)  from  Tepehuanes  Durango,  June,  1906. 
This  is  a  very  robust  form  with  stout  stem  and  densely  white-vil- 
lous  and  white  calyx. 

264.  Astragalus  Cleveland!  Greene  Torr.  Bull.  9  121  (1882). 
Pods  about  half-oval-ovate,  with  ventral  suture  inclined  to  be  a 
little  concave  and  with  declined,  pungent  and  minute  triangular  tip, 
broadly  sulcate  dorsally,  smooth,  very  rigid,  5-6  mm.  long,  2  mm. 
wide,  1-2  mm.  high,  with  cross  section  deltoid-cordate.  Flowers 
about  5  mm.  long,  in  spikes  which  in  fruit  are  often  a  foot  long. 
Banner  round,  about  2  mm.  long,  with  sides  reflexed  Vs  mm.  wide, 
arched  abruptly  at  end  of  tube  to  45°,  a  little  shorter  than  wings. 
Wings  oblong  and  with  a  lanceolate  tip,  arched  to  45%  fully  1 
mm.  wide,  fully  twice  as  long  as  keel.  Keel  arched  to  a  half  circle 
from  base,  obtuse,  about  2  mm.  high  and  long.  Calyx  broadly 
campanulate,  equally  inserted  below,  rather  oblique  at  tip  and 
with  very  broad  upper  sinus,  with  teeth  unequal,  subulate  and  as 
long  as  tube  or  more,  ashy.  Pedicels  and  bracts  minute,  about 
equal,  the  latter  triangular,  2  mm.  long.  Peduncles  filiform,  5-10 
cm.  long,  strict,  many.  Upper  leaves  sessile,  the  lower  smaller 
and  short-petioled,  5-7  cm.  long.  Leaflets  5-12  mm.  long,  narrowly 
elliptical,  obtuse,  green,  but  minutely  pubescent,  long-petiolulate. 
Stipules  subulate,  about  4  mm.  long.  Stems  a  foot  or  two  high, 
very  slender,  ascending  to  erect,  with  peduncles  in  all  the  upper 
axils.  Internodes  slender  but  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Lake  County, 
California.      Tropical. 

265.     Astragalus  Purpusi  Jones  Cont.  14  34   (1912).     Pods  re- 


Micranthi.  282 

flexed,  obliquely  ovate  to  half-oval,  thin,  shortly  acute  at  both  ends, 
conspicuously  flattened  laterally,  with  triquetrous-cordate  cross  sec- 
tion, 4-5  mm.  long,  2  mm.  high,  minutely  appressed-pubescent, 
rather  strongly  nerved,  triangular-apiculate,  ventral  suture  slightly 
arched  and  raised,  dorsal  suture  sulcate  to  the  middle,  then  pro- 
duced to  the  ventral  as  a  partition  below.  Flowers  purple,  about 
4  mm.  long,  in  dense  heads  which  become  short  spikes  in  fruit, 
many  (10-15),  spreading  and  soon  reflexed.  Banner  obovate,  about 
2  mm.  long,  abruptly  arched  at  calyx  tips  to  erect,  purple  and  dark- 
striped,  slightly  longer  than  the  wings.  Wings  broadly  linear, 
nearly  straight,  blunt,  white  or  purple,  about  V2  mm.  longer  than 
keel.  Keel  vei'y  broad,  straight,  about  2  mm.  long  and  high, 
rounded  to  about  a  half  circle,  the  tip  erect.  Calyx  obconic,  equally 
inserted,  about  1  mm.  long,  appressed-black-hairy,  teeth  triangular, 
nearly  equal,  half  as  long  as  tube.  Bi-acts  ovate,  hyaline,  1  "  mm. 
long,  about  as  long  as  the  fruiting  pedicels.  Peduncles  filiform, 
in  the  upper  axils,  2-3  cm.  long.  Leaves  2-3  cm.  long,  spreading, 
all  nearly  sessile,  a  little  longer  than  the  internodes,  with  filiform 
rachis.  Leaflets  about  10  pairs,  notched,  oval-obovate  to  oblanceo- 
late,  thickish,  mostly  folded,  nearly  contiguous,  smooth  above, 
sparsely  and  minutely  pubescent  below,  the  broader  ones  2  mm. 
long,  the  others  4  mm.  long  and  1.5-2  mm.  wide.  Stipules  con- 
spicuous, hyaline  below,  connate,  the  lower  ones  quadrangular  and 
ti'uncate,  the  upper  deltoid,  about  3-5  mm.  long.  Stems  very  many 
and  woody  below,  prostrate  and  csespitose,  branched,  flexuous, 
rather  stout  for  the  plant,  hardly  a  foot  long.  Plants  with  the 
habit  of  A.  tegetarioides,  and  montanus.  Sierra  de  Parras,  Coahuila, 
Mexico,  at  9,000  ft.  alt.  Middle  Temperate  life  zone.  No.  4582 
Purpus. 


283 


DIDYMOCARPI.     30. 


Pods  didymous,  or  with  sides  distorted  or  corru- 
gated, or  in  A.  Breweri  oblong-ovate  and  long-beaked 
and  sulcate  only  below,  3-5  mm.  long  (about  7  mm.  long 
in  A.  Breweri),  from  ovate  to  broader  than  long,  mostly 
corrugated  transversely,  rather  coriaceous,  not  or  but  lit- 
tle inflated,  evidently  stipitate  only  in  A.  Brazoensis,  cor- 
date at  base,  2-celled.  Flowers  about  sessile  in  dense 
(loose  in  A.  reflexus)  heads,  sometimes  elongating  to 
spikes  in  fruit,  niinute  or  small,  rarely  8  mm.  long.  Calyx 
long-villous.  Leaflets  never  acute,  small,  mostly  notched, 
not  over  8  pairs.  Stipules  not  connate.  Weak,  low  and 
slender  annuals  (possibly  perennials  in  A.  diphacus  and 
Angelinus).  Tropical  plants  growing  on  prairies  and 
plains. 

KEY. 

A.  Pods  straight,  evidently  lonErer  than  calyx,  sharp,  or  triangular 
at  tip,  much  obcompressed,  broadly  bis'jlcate  ventrally,  at  least 
as  long  as  wide  or  longer,  closely  reflexed  in  short  and  narrow 
spikes,  with  the  lower  edges  incurved  on  the  sides  and  with  ven- 
tral suture  sharp  and  raised,  with  the  tip  rather  arcuate, 
strongly  cross-ribbed  around  the  margins,  deeply  sulcate  dor- 
sally,  much  distorted  and  with  cross-section  nearly  that  of  the 
letter  A  without  the  bar,  appearing  as  if  minutely  stipitate. 
Peduncles  filiform,  axillary.  Leaflets  notched,  not  over  5 
pairs.  Stems  filiform,  widely  spreading  and  much  branched. 
Pods  7  mm.  long,  oblong-ovate.  266  reflexus. 

Pods  3-4  mm.  long  and  widej  not  oblong-ovate.  267  nigrescens. 

ZA.       Pods   7   mm.   long  and   with   conical   beak   nearly   as   much   more, 
erect    in    heads,    round    to    reniform    in    cross    section,    not    corru- 
gated.     Flowers   about    7-8   mm.   long.      Low   annuals. 
Potis  long-beaked.  26S  Breweri 

3A.       Pods    about     as    broad    as     long    or    broader,     very     obtuse    and 
rounded   at    both   ends,    apiculate,    didymous,    or    half-oblate-oval. 
3AB.       Pods    scarcely    longer    than    the    calyx,    about    3    mm.    long, 
coarsely   and  strongly  cross-corrugated,   sessile,   erect   in   dense 
heads,    about    oval,    not    obcompressed,    not    inflated.       Flowers 
:  3-8  mm.  long,  many,  white   or  purple,  with   the  same  tendency 

1  to   become    rudimentary    as   in    A.    nigrescens.       Weak   annuals. 

Pods  3  mm.  long,  with  cross-section  a  crescent.  269  didymocarpus. 

Pods  ;^-2  mm  long,  with  cross-section  flatly  tripuetrous-cordate. 

270  dispermus. 


Didymocarpi.  284 

3A2B.  Pods  conspicuously  longer  than  calyx,  smooth,  ribbed, 
appearing  a  little  inflated,  inclined  to  be  notched  at  both 
ends,  sessile,  rather  wider  than  long.  Mexican  perennials  or 
winter  annuals  with  rather  woody  stems  late  in  the  season. 

Pods  about  round.  271   diphacus 

Pods  oblately  oval-ovate.  272  Angelinus. 

3A3B.      Pods    smooth,    stipitate,    reflexed.       Texan. 

Pods  about  reniform.  273  Brazoensis. 

266.  Astragalus  reflexus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  334  (1838).  Pocis 
about  7  mm.  long,  oblong-ovate,  sharply  acute,  about  twice  as  long 
as  wide,  widely  sulcate  dorsally,  flat  ventrally  and  with  suture 
raised,  with  rounded  sides,  smooth,  4  mm.  \\'ide  and  2  mm.  high. 
Flowers  reflexed,  purple,  nearly  sessile,  several  in  a  loose  head, 
about  7  mm.  long.  Banner  narrow,  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to 
erect,  2-3  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Wings  much  shorter  than  keel, 
broad.  Keel  with  straight  base  and  then  produced  into  a  narrowly 
triangular,  ascending  and  very  acute  beak.  Calyx  tube  about  1 
mm.  long,  campanulate,  acute  at  base,  with  broad  sinuses  and  t§eth 
subulate  and  about  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  subulate,  about  2  mm. 
long.  Pedicels  evident  but  very  short.  Peduncles  longer  than  the 
leaves  3-6  cm.  long.  Leaves  3-6  cm.  long,  the  uppermost  nearly 
sessile,  the  lowest  half  petiole.  Leaflets  about  6 -pairs,  4-8  mm.  long, 
about  obovate,  not  contiguous,  strongly  petiolulate,  truncate  to  a 
little  notched.  Stems  straggling,  about  a  foot  long  or  less.  Stip- 
ules rather  large,  3-5  mm.  long,  ovate  or  broader.  Whole  plant 
nearly  smooth  except  the  calyx.     Central  Texas. 

267.  Astragalus  nigrescens  Nutt.  PI.  Gambel  152  (1848). 
A.  Gambellianus  Sheldon.  Hesperastragalus  Heller.  Pods  3-4  mm. 
wide  and  long,  deltoid-ovate  to  nearly  round,  pubescent,  either  del- 
toid at  tip  or  with  a  inere  upturned  apiculation,  sharply  sulcate  dor- 
sally,  the  ventral  suture  mostly  elevated  and  the  space  between  it 
and  the  thickened  sides  forming  deep  grooves.  Flowers  normally 
2-4  mm.  long,  very  variable,  white  or  purple,  mostly  scarcely  open- 
ing and  rather  cleistogamous  as  in  Wrightii  and  lotiflorus,  many  in 
heads  but  becoming  spikes  in  fruit.  Banner  round  to  ovate,  the 
sides  little  or  much  reflexed,  normally  1-3  mm.  long,  arched  45" 
or  less,  as  long  as  or  2  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  lanceolate- 
oblong  and  narrowed  above,  rounded,  white,  somewhat  arched,  a 
little  longer  than  keel.  Keel  about  2  mm.  long,  with  straight  or 
arched  base,  abruptly  bent  and  tip  erect  and  acutish,  about  1  mm. 
high,  purple.  Under  specially  favorable  circumstances  the  flowers 
are  7  mm.  long  and  then  the  species  is  A.  Elmeri  Greene.  Calyx 
tube  black-hairy,  tux'binate  to  narrowly  campanulate,  acute  at  base, 
hai-dly  1  mm.  long,  the  teeth  about  half  as  long  and  rather  deltoid. 
Bracts  hyaline,  lanceolate,  about  1  mm.  long,  pedicels  mere  rudi- 
ments. Peduncles  3-5  cm.  long,  somewhat  spreading.  Fruiting 
spikes  1-5  cm.  long,  narrow.  Leaves  2-4  cm.  long,  thin,  mostly 
nearly  sessile,  ascending.  Leaflets  4-6  pairs,  cuneate-oblong,  deeply 
notched,  long-petiolulate,  3-8  mm.  long,  distant.  Stipules  triangular, 
hyaline,  3-5  mm.  long.  Whole  plant  pubescent  with  spreading 
and  long  hairs.  Stems  seldom  a  foot  long,  much  branched.  Com- 
mon from  the  Sacramento  valley  to  the  coast  and  south  to  Mexico, 
also  on  the  southern  islands  of  California. 

268.  Astragalus  Breweri  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  207  (1864). 
Pods  few,  oblong-ovate,  ashy  or  silvery,  3-4  mm.  wide,  with  ventral 
suture  not  raised  nor  evident,  sharply  sulcate  to  the  middle  dorsally, 
abruptly  contracted  at  tip  into  a  straight  and  subulate  beak  nearly 
as  long  as  body,  few.  Flowers  purple,  spreading.  Banner  very 
thin,  often  8  mm.  long,  oblong,  arched  abruptly  at  calyx  tips  to  45°, 
with  sides  reflexed  somewhat,  about  2  mm.  longer  than  wings. 
Wings  oblong-oblanceolate  to  half-rhomboidal,  2-3  mm.  longer  than 


285  Didymocarpi. 

keel,  white.  Keel  about  3  mm.  lone,  2  mm.  hijjh,  the  very  broadly- 
deltoid  and  obtuse  tip  only  a  little  higher  than  the  rest,  very  dai'k- 
purple,  shining  through  the  banner  and  wings,  abruptly  rounded. 
Calyx  tube  black-hairy,  about  2  mm.  long,  narrowly  campanulate, 
acute  at  base,  with  teeth  from  half  to  as  long  as  tube.  Pedicels 
and  bracts  minute.  Peduncles  rather  stout  for  the  plant,  3-5  cm. 
long.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  long,  rather  few,  with  short  but  evident 
petiole,  delicate,  spreading.  Leaflets  4-5  pairs,  cuneate-oblong-obo- 
vate,  not  contiguous,  sparsely  pubescent  below,  5-7  mm.  long. 
Stipules  deltoid,  green,  aljout  2-3  mm.  long.  Stems  short,  flexuous, 
much  branched.  Pubescence  sparse,  short,  the  upper  sides. of  leaflets 
smooth.     In  fields  from  Mendocino  Co.  to  San  Francisco. 

269.  Astragalus  dldymocarpus  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beech.  334  t  81 
(1841).  A.  Catalinensis  Nutt.,  Hesperastragalus  Heller.  Pods 
about  3  mm.  long  and  2  mm.  high  and  wide,  half-oblate-oval,  or 
obliquely  ovate,  deeply  sulcate  dorsally  to  beyond  the  middle  and 
with  cross  section  a  crescent  with  rounded  ends,  smooth,  venti'al 
suture  raised  and  very  thick  and  with  strong  ribs  running  out  from 
it  and  meshing  on  the  angles  much  as  in  Euphorbia  seeds.  Flov/ers 
purple  or  white,  4-8  mm.  long  in  ovate  to  oblong  heads.  Banner 
oval-ovate  to  oblong,  3-7  mm.  long,  arched  at  calyx  tips  to  45% 
when  colored  with  large,  veined  white  spot  low  down,  1-2  mm. 
longer  than  wings.  Wings  oblanceolate  to  '  obovate,  1  mm.  wide, 
white  at  tip  and  purple  below,  about  1  mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel 
straight,  3-4  mm.  long,  2  mm.  high,  with  triangular  ascending  tip 
rounded  and  about  2.5  mm.  high.  Calyx  tube  campanulate,  acute 
at  base,  about  2  mm.  long,  with  sharp  sinuses.  Bracts  ovate,  hya- 
line, about  1  mm.  long.  Pedicels  none.  Peduncles  3-5  cm.  long, 
longer  than  leaves.  Leaves  3-4  cm.  long,  lax.  Leaflets  3-5  pairs, 
narrowly  cuneate-oblong  and  with  contracted  tip  deeply  notched, 
about  1  cm.  long,  distant.  Stipules  triangular,  reflexed,  2-3  mm. 
long.  Stems  flexuous,  erect  or  spreading,  branched  below,  _  very 
slender,  with  internodes  few  and  1-7  cm.  long.  Common  in  all 
the  valleys  from  central  California  to  San  Quentin  Lower  California, 
running  a  little  over  into  the  Great  Basin  at  Mojave. 

270.  Astragalus  dispermus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  365 
(1878).  Pods  oblately  oval  to 'deltoid-ovate,  3-4  mm.  long,  2-2.5 
mm.  wide  and  1.5-2  mm.  high,  with  cross  section  flatly  triquetrous- 
cordate  with  shai-p  angles  (or  rounded),  pubescent,  slightly  to 
deeply  corrugated,  sulcate  as  in  didymocarpus  and  with  ventral 
suture  convex  as  in  that  species,  but  a  mere  line.  Flowers  in  a 
dense  ovate  head,  purple,  3-5  mm.  long.  Banner  oval,  2-3  mm.  long, 
arched  to  45°,  often  not  exceeding  the  calyx  tips,  rarely  1  mm. 
longer  than  wings.  Wings  white,  obliquely  oblong-lanceolate,  ^2-1 
mm.  longer  than  keel.  Keel  straight,  about  3  mm.  long,  abruptly 
erect  at  tip  and  2  mm.  high,  base  1.5  mm.  high.  Bracts  green, 
subulate,  about  1  mm.  long,  scarcely  visible.  Calyx  conspicuously 
white-shaggy,  the  hairs  concealing  the  shape,  the  teeth  setaceou.sly 
subulate,  green,  longer  than  the  tube.  Peduncles  1-5  cm.  long,  axil- 
lary. Leaves  2-4  cm.  long,  all  petioled,  but  upper  short,  spreading. 
Leaflets  thick,  3-5  pairs,  distant,  oblong  with  cuneate  b?.se  to  cuneate, 
notched,  long-petiolulate,  3-7  mm.  long.  Stipules  deltoid  with  subu- 
late tips,  green,  3  mm.  long.  Whole  plant  white-pubescent  with 
spreading  hairs.  Stems  prostrate,  at  least  the  outer  ones,  often  2 
ft.  long,  with  long  internodes,  branching  below.  From  Rhyolitc, 
Nevada,  to  Wickenberg  and  Hillside,  Arizona,  through  the  Charleston 
Mts.  and  throughout  the  deserts  to  both  sides  of  the  San  Bernardino 
Mts.  and  southward  into  Mexico,  San  Diego,  California,  etc.  This 
hybridizes  with  A.  didymocarpus  forming  A.  dispermus  x  didymo- 
carpus, having  the  pods  of  didymocarpus  and  the  pubescence  and 
leaves  of  dispermus.      The   hybrid   grows  at   Banning,    California. 

271.  Astragalus  diphacus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  342 
(1882).     Pods  4-8  mm.  long,  about  round,  a  little  notched  at  both 


Didymocarpi.  286 

ends,  about  2  mm.  high,  obcompressed  somewhat  or  not  at  all, 
didymous,  sessile,  few  in  loose  and  oblong  heads,  not  reflexed,  ap- 
parently smooth,  about  6  mm.  wide,  apiculate  with  a  declined  tip^ 
finely  and  closely  cross-ribbed,  sulcate  ventrally,  both  sutures  raised 
as  narrow  ribs,  the  dorsal  convex  and  little  if  at  all  sulcate.  Flow- 
ers about  8  mm.  long,  purple,  few  in  loose  heads,  narrow.  Ban- 
ner ovate,  arched  a  little  at  calyx  tips,  with  sides  reflexed  Vs  mm. 
wide,  about  5  mm.  long,  1  mm.  longer  than  wings.  Wings  obliquely 
oblong-lanceolate,  2  mm.  longer  than  keel,  arched  a  little,  purple- 
tipped.  Keel  about  3  mm.  long  and  high,  arched  from  base  to  a 
half  circle,  veiy  obtuse,  about  2  mm.  wide  in  the  middle.  Calyx 
narrowly  campanulate,  3  mm.  long,  acute  at  base,  nigrescent,  with 
straight  lower  side  and  arched  upper  side,  with  subulate  teeth  lax 
and  nearly  as  long  as  tube.  Bracts  subulate,  2-3  mm.  long,  pedicels 
1-2  mm.  long.  Peduncles  5-15  cm.  long,  longer  than  the  leaves. 
Leaves  5-10  cm.  long,  short-petioled.  Leaflets  nearly  linear,  rather 
obtuse,  apiculate,  7-15  mm.  long,  6-12  pairs,  rather  long-petiolulate, 
minutely  pubescent  with  short  and  appressed  white  hairs,  smooth 
above,  distant.  Stipules  lanceolate.  btenis  from  perennial  roots 
and  in  the  type  erect,  about  a  foot  high  and  freely  bi'anched 
with  short  internodes  and  many  leaves.  On  hillsides  at  Zacatecas 
Mexico.      Tropical. 

Astragalus  diphacus  var.  peonis  Jones  Cont.  10  65  (1902). 
Stems  prostrate  with  ascending  tips,  silvei-y  hoary  throughout. 
Flowers  white,  sides  of  banner  folded  back  to  the  midrib  nearly  all 
the  length  except  at  the  very  apex  where  with  the  notch  is  formed' 
a  heart-shaped  enlargement,  tip  of  banner  is  at  nearly  30°  to  the 
claw,  it  begins  to  curve  at  a  point  about  2  mm.  beyond  the  calyx 
teeth,  the  outline  of  the  banner  as  folded  is  oblong  with  a  triangular 
base,  no  white  spot  but  banner  watei'lined.  Wings  ascending  30', 
obliquely-oblong-oblanceolate,  rounded,  1  mm.  wide,  1  mm.  longer 
than  keel  and  exposing  the  base  of  keel.  Tip  of  keel  blunt  and 
incurved  90%  rounded  at  apex.  The  wings  are  incurved  at  tip  and 
flat.  Flowers  declined  generally.  Pod  didymous,  chartaceous,  cross 
section  is  that  of  the  figure  8  laid  on  its  side.  Leaflets  about  8 
pairs,  folded,  5-10  mm.  long,  elliptical.  Calyx  teeth  triangular  and 
about  half  the  tube  which  is  rather  hoary  with  white  and  black  hairs 
intermixed.  Stipules  deltoid,  erect,  green,  3  mm.  long.  Leaves  2-3 
cm.   long.      Zacatecas  Mexico,  JoneS.      May   16,    1892. 

272.  Astragalus  Angelinus  n.  sp.  Pods  very  obliquely  oval- 
ovate,  5-7  mm.  long,  3-4  mm.  wide,  3  mm.  high,  truncate  to  slightly 
cordate  at  the  sessile  base,  reflexed  in  dense  and  short  spikes,  open- 
ing first  at  base,  faintly  cross-ribbed,  inclined  to  be  flattened  along 
both  sutures  or  very  slightly  shallow-sulvate,  the  ventral  suture 
straight  above  and  ending  in  a  minute  mucro  which  is  a  little  de- 
clined, below  it  is  much  arched,  the  suture  is  very  thick  but  little 
raised,  dorsal  suture  scarcely  evident,  very  convex  throughout,  tip 
of  pod  obtuse  to  a  little  retuse,  but  pod  never  didymous,  cross 
section  oblately  oval  and  with  the  ventral  side  rather  flattened, 
completely  2-celled  to  tip,  coriaceous  and  very  rigid,  a  little  inflated, 
minutely  pubescent.  Flowei-s  gone.  Calyx  campanulate  to  subglo- 
bose,  about  2  mm.  long,  with  subulate  teeth  about  as  long.  Pedicels 
stout,  reflexed,  about  2  mm.  long,  nearly  equaled  by  the  triangular 
bracts.  Peduncles  rather  slender,  about  1  dm.  long,  axillai-y 
throughout,  arched,  fruiting  spikes  3-5  cm.  long,  oblong.  Leaves 
nearly  1  dm.  long,  about  sessile,  of  10-12  linear  and  retuse  leaflets 
narrowed  and  long-petiolulate  below,  distant,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  many, 
with  short  internodes,  spreading.  Stipules  triangular-subulate,  3-4 
mm.  long, .  not  connate.  Stems  slender,  weak,  and  depressed  or 
decumbent  from  a  rather  woody  but  slender  base,  tufted  and 
branching  at  base,  rai-ely  a  foot  long.  P"'rom  near  San  Angel  valley 
of  Mexico,  J.  N.  Rose,  Aug.  21,  1903.  Nat.  Herb.  No.  450040. 
Probably  Lower  Temperate  life  zone.     Also  near  El  Salto  Hidalgo, 


287  Dldymocarpi. 

Mexico,  Sept.  16,  1903,  by  J.  N.  Rose,  Nat.  Herb.  No.  450662. 

273.  Astragalus  Brazoensis  Buckley  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  452 
(1861).  Pods  about  reniform,  4  mm.  long,  5  mm.  wide  and  2  mm. 
high,  cuspidate  with  upturned  sharp  prickle,  much  obcompressed, 
reflexed  on  a  stipe  as  long  as  calyx,  finely  cross-nerved,  smooth  and 
shining.  Flowers  purple,  about  5  mm.  long,  in  a  loose  head.  Banner 
4  mm.  long,  oblong,  arched  to  erect  and  abruptly  at  end  of  calyx 
tube,  with  sides  reflexed  about  1  mm.  wide  below.  Wings  oblong, 
a  little,  arched,  with  the  upper  side  white  and  the  lower  side  pur- 
ple from  base  to  tip,  a  little  longer  than  keel  and  2  mm.  shorter 
than  banner.  Keel  4  mm.  long,  with  straight  base  and  front  of  tip 
straight  and  erect,  triangular,  acute,  purple,  3  mm.  high.  Calyx 
tube  campanulate,  about  1  mm.  long,  acute  at  base,  with  rounded 
sinuses,  the  subulate  teeth  about  as  long  and  straight.  Pedicels 
about  1  mm.  long  and  equaling  the  ovate  bracts.  Peduncles  about 
3-5  cm.  long.  Leaves  3-5  cm.  long,  shovt-petioled.  Leaflets  6-7 
pairs,  oblong-obovate,  about  5  mm.  long,  notched,  short-petiolulate, 
pubescent  only  on  the  margins  and  midrib  with  slender  hairs.  In- 
ternodes  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Outer  stems  decumbent  below, 
flexuous,  sulcate.  Stipules  triangular,  green,  3  mm.  long.  Com- 
mon on  Texan  prairies  from  the  center  of  the  state  to  the  sea. 


288 
CORRECTIONS. 


Page  16,  line  20,  read  calycosus. 

Transpose  lines  3  and  4  on  page  14. 

Page  55,  7th  line  from  bottom,  read  argillosus. 

Page  56,  last  line  read   coccineus. 

Page  57,  omit  last  line. 

Page  60,  line  5,  read    correlative. 

Page  89,  under  A.  Bourgovii,  line  2,  read  1.5  cm.  long  instead 
of   15.  " 

On  page  14,  lines  11  and  12,  from  the  botto.m,  read:  "He  again 
makes  a  new  name  for  an  old  section,  the  Sarcocarpi,  by  calling  it 
Carnosocarpi." 


INDEX  and  SYNONYMY. 


Acidity  55 


Alkaline  soil 


55 


Alopecuroidei  5' 

Alpine  46 

Alpine  and  Arctic  46 

Alpine  in  British  America  46 

Alpini  ig 

Annulares  8 

Anthophyllodei  8 

Arctic  46 

Argophylli  21 

Arizona-Mexican  Region  40,  r2,  54 

Artificial  Key  5i 

Asclepiadodes  14 

ASx'KAGALUS 

aboriginum  Rich.  Frank!.  Jour.  App.  18  1823  No.  87 

Atelophragma  aboriginum  (Rich.)  Rydberg.  Torr.  Bull.  32  660  19 

lineare  Rydberg  i  orr.  Bull.  40  51  1913. 
Homalobus  aboriginum  (Rich.)  Kydberg  Fl.  Mont.  246  1900. 
Phaca  aboriginum  (Rich.)  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.  Am.     i   143  t.56  1830. 
-  glabriusculus  (Hook.)  Rydberg  Cont.  Nat.  Herb.  3  492  1896. 
Hhaca  glabriuscul  us  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.  Am.    i  144  i8-'o. 
Astragalus  glabriusclus  (Hook.)  Gray  Proc.  Acad.  Am.  6*204  1864 
Var.  major  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad,  of  1863  p.  60 

v^idy  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  204  1864. 
Var.  spatiosus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  156  18  94. 
Forvvoodii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    25  129  1890. 
Homalobus  glabriusculus  (Hcok)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  246  1900 
Atelophragma  Forwoodii  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.  40  51  I    i^ 
Var.  fastigiorum  Jones, 
accidens  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    22471  1887.        No.  125 
Var.  Pacilicus  (Sheldon)  Jones. 

A.  Mendersoni  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   22  471  1887 
Waisoni  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  23  1894. 


Va 


Pacificus 


174 


pruniformis  Jones  Cont.  8  12  1898. 
cymatodes  Greene  Pitt.  3  196  1897. 
accumbins  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  20  1894.  No.  94 

procumbens  Watson  Proc  Am.  Acad.  20  361  1885;  Not  of  H.  &  A. 
acerbus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  123  1894  is  A.  Wingatensis  Var. 
aculeatus  Nelson  Torr.  Bull.  26  10  1899  is  A   montanus  Var.  tegetarius. 
acutirostris  Watson  Proc  Am.  Acad.  20  361  188  >;.  No.  241 

Oxytropis  acutirostris  (Watson)  Jones  Cont  7  677  1895. 
Aragallus  acutirostris  (Watson)  Heller  Cat.  Fd.  2  4  1897. 
adanus  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  53222  1912.  No.  120 

adsurgens  Pall.  Ast.  40,  44  t  31  iSoo. 

Phaca  adsurgens  (Pall )  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  ^72  1906. 
Var.  robustior  Hook.  Fk  Bor  .\m.  i  149  1834  is  A.  nitidus  Var. 
agrestis  Douglas  in  Hook  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  148  1834.         No.  131 
goniatus  Nutt.    in  T.  &.  Fl.  i  330  1838. 
Hypoglottis  Var.  bracteatus  Osterhout  Torr.  Bull.  26  1S99. 
Phaca  agrestis  (I)ougl.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  372  1906. 
Var.  polyspermus  (T  &  G.)  Jones  Cont.  10  65  1902 

A.  Hypoglottis  Var.  polyspermus  T  &  G.  Fl  N.  A  i  328  1838. 
virgultulus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stnd.  9  165  1894. 
albatus  Sheldon         "  "         "         "       "   128     "         is  A.  aridus 

albens  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  156  1885.         No.  227. 
albulus  Wooton  &  Standley  Cont.  Nat.  Herb.  16  136  1913  is  humistratus 
allanaris  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  141  1894  is  glareosus 
allochrous  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Aad,  13  366  1878.         No.  63. 
Wootoni  Sheldon  Minn,  Bot,  Stud.  9  138  1894- 


nlpinus  1,.  760  is  andinus. 

Phaca  alpina  I'iper  Fl.  Wash.  371  1906,  not  Linnaeus 
Phaca  as'.ragalina  DC.  Ast.  64  1802 

A.  astragalinus  (DC.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  65  1894 
giganleus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  965  1894,  not  Pallas 
not  alpinus  \'ar.  giganteus  Pallas  which  is  A  oroboides 
alpinus  (L.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot  Stud,  9  65  1894        No.  8 
Phaca  aipina  L.  755 

Iragacantha  alpina(L.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
I'haca  frigida  L.  Kl.  Suess.  2  657  1755 
A.  frigidus  (L.)  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad,  of  1863  p.  60  (Ser.  2  Vol  7) 
Var.  Americanus  (Hook.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9    133 

1S94  is  A.  Americanus 
Var.  littoralis  (Hook.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   133  1894 
Phaca  frigida  Var  littoralis  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.  Am.    i   140  1830 
A.  frigidus  Var.  littoralis  (Hook.)  Watson  Bib.  Index  193  1878 
altus  Wooton  &  Standley  Cont.  Nat.  Herb.  16  136  1913  is  A.  strigulosus 

Var.  brevidentatus 
Alvordensis  Jones  Cont.  10  67  1903        No.  100 
Americanus  (Hook.)  Jones  Cont.  88  1898         No.  90 

Phaca  frigida  Var.  Americana  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.   Am.    i  140  1830 
A   alpinus  Var.  Americanus  (Hook.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  133 
1894 
frigidus  Var.  Americanus  (Hook.)  Watson  Bib  Index  193  1878 
ammolotus  Greene  Erythea  3  76  1895  is  lotiflorus  Var.  brachypus 
amphidoxus  Blankenship  Stud.  Mont.  Pi.  i  72  1905  is  miser 
amphioxys  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    13  366  1878        No.  174 
c-e=;centicarpus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   148  1894 

selenius  Greene  Krythea  3  76  1805 
Xylophacos  amphioxys  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull   32  662  1905 
aragalloides  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  48  1907 
Var.  brachylobus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  367  1878  is  remulcus 
Var.  vespertinus  (Sheldon)  Tones 
A.  vespertinus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  150  1894 
Xylophacos  vespertinus  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662  1905 
amphioxys  x  Laynese  Jones 

amplexus  Payson  Bot.  Gaz.  60  378  1915  is  lentiginosus  var.  palans 
ampul'aius  Watson  Am.  Nat.  7  300  1873         No.  114 

Phaca  ampullnrin  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  4047  1913 
Andersoni  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  524  1S65        No.  225 

Tragacantha  Andersoni  fGray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
andinus  (Nutt.)  Jones         No.  q'l 

Phaca  andina  Nv.ti.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  345  1838 
A.  aloinus  L.  760 
astragalinus  (DC.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  65  1894 
Phaca  astraj^alina  DC.  Ast.  64  1802 
Tium  alpinum  [L.]  Kydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659  1905 
anemophilus  Greene  Bull  Cal.  Acad.  4  186  1885  is  A.  vestitus 
Angelinus  Jones         No.  272 

angustus  Jones  Cont.  7  635  1895  and  Zoe  4  37  1893  is  A.  pictus 
Var.  pictus  [Gray]  Jones  Cont.  7  635  1895  is  pictus 
Var.  ceramicus  [Sheldon]  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902  is  pictus 
Var.  longifolius  [Pursh]         "         "       7  635  1895  's  pictus  var. 
Var.  imperfectus  [Sheldon]  "         "       10  62  1902  is  pictus  var.  filifol. 
anisus  Jones  Cont.  4  34  1893         No.  194 
Antiselli  Gray  Bot.  (  al.  i  152  1876         No.  5 

Hasseanus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  124  1894 
Var.  phoxus  Jones  Cont.  10  65  1902 
A.  gaviotiis  Elmer  Bot.  Gaz.  39  54  1901; 
Antoninus  W^atson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  343  1882        No.  157 
apertus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   166  1894 

ervoides  II.  &  A.  BotBeech.  417  1841 
apilosus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  22  1894  is  glaber 
araneosus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   170  1894  is  lentiginosus 

var.  palans 
argillosus  Jones  Cont  2  241  1891         No.  202 

Cnemidophacos  argillosus  [Jones]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  50  1913 


argophyllus  Nutt.   in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  331  1838  No.  167 

A.  Uintensis  Jones  Cont.  7  670  1895 

Xylophacos  argophyllus  (Nutt)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull,  4049  1913 
Uintensis  (Jones)  Rydberg         "  "         "     ^2  662  1905 

Var.  cstanaeformis  (\\  atson)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 

A.  castanseformis  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  361  1885 
Var.  Martini  Jones 

Var.  Panguicensis  Jones  Cont.  7  671  1895  as  Chamasleuce  var.,  and 
Cont  8  5  1898 
A.  Panguicensis  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 
Var.  pephragmenus  Jones  Cont  5  267  1893  as  species 
aridusuidy  iroc.  Am.  Acad. 6  223  1864.        No.  37 
Tragacantha  arida  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
A.  albatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  128  1894 
arietinus  Jones  Cont.  7  653  1895  is  cibarius 

Var.  stipularis  Jones  Cont.  7  654  1895  '^  desperatus 
Arizonicus  Gray"  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  73981868        No.  218 

Tragacantha  Arizonica  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
arr^ctus   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  8  2S9  1S70        No.  121 
A.  leucophyllus  Hook.  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  6  211   1847 
I'.dousensis  Piper  Bot.  Gaz.  22  489  1896 
atropubescens  C.  &  F.  Bot.  Gaz.  18  300  1893 
Cusickii  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  26  542  1899 
Malheurensis  Heller  Cat.  Ed.  2  7  1900 
Phaca  arrecta  (Gray)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  371  1906 
Tium  arrectum  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49  1913 
atropubescens  (C.  &  F.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49  1913 
Var.  Leibergi  Jones  Cont.  10  68  1902 
A.         «  "         «         7  663  1895 

Phaca  arrecta  var.  Leibergi  (Jones)    Piper  Fl.  Wash.  371  1906 
Var.  Kelseyi  (Rydberg  Fl.  Mont    241  1900  as  species) 
A.  eremiiicus  var.  Spencianus  Jones  Cont  10  60  1902 

Boiseanus  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  53  223  1912 
Cystium  Boiseanum  (Nelson)  Rydberg   I  orr.  Bull.  40  50  1913 
Var.  eremiticus  (>heldon)  Jones  Cont.  7  665  1895 

A.  eremiticus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   161  1894 
Tium  eremiticuni  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49  1913 
Var.  Palousensis  (Piper)  Jones  Cont  1068  1902  is  arrectus 
Var.  remotus  Jones 
Var.  scaphoides  Jones  Cont.  7  664  1895 

A.  scophioitles  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  241  I900,(a  blunder  of  Rydberg) 
A.  scaphoides  Jones  Cont.  10  69  1902 

Phacopsis  scaphoides  (Jones)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52  1913 
Artemisiarum  Jones  Cont.  6"  369  1894  is  Beckwithii  var.  purpureus 
Arthuri  Jones  Cont.  8  20  1898         No.  233 

Atelophragma  Arthur!  (Jones)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51  1913 
Arthu-Schottii  Gr.iy  i  roc.  Am.  Acad.  6  209  1864  is  lentiginosus  var. 
artipes  (  vay  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    13  370  1878  is  oophorus 
asclepiadoides  Jones  Cont.  2  239  1891  No.  116 

Jonesiella  asclepiidoides  ( I  ones)  Torr.  Bull.  Rydberg  33  661  1905 
astragalinus  [DC.^  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  65  1894  is  andinus 

Phaca  astragalina  DC.  Astragalus  64  1802 
asymmetricus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   23  1894  is  leucophyllus 
atratns  Watson  Bot.  King  69  437   t.  1 1  1871  No.  138 

atratus  var.  stenophvllus  Jones  Cont  3  297  1893 

var.  arctus  Sheldon  Mirn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   160  1894 
Tragacantha  atrata  [Watson]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Hamosa  atrata  [WatsonJ  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  48  1907 
Var.  mensanus  Jones  Cont  7  665  1S95 
Var.  phyllophofus  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 
Var.  Owyheensis  fNelson  Bot.  Gaz.  55  ■?7i5  191-?  as  species] 
atropubescens  C.  .t  F.  Bot.  Gaz.  18  300  1893  is  arrectus 
.\u.stin?e  Bot.  Cal.  i  156  1876         No.  132 

Tragacantha  Austinne  [Gray]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  941  1891 
P.ahaensis  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   169  1894  is  Hornii  var. 
Batesii  Nelson  54  150  1912  is  lotiflorus  var.  Rcverchoni 


iJeckwitliii  T.  &.  G.  Fac.  R.  R.  Rep.  2  pt.  2  I20  1855         No.  77 

Tragacaniha  Heckwithii  (  T.  &  G.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Phaca  liecKWitlui  ( T.  l\:  l..)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  371  1906 
Var.  purpureus  Jones  Cont  3  28S  1893 
A    Artemisiarum  Jones  Cont  9  46  1900 

Pnaca  Artemisiaruin  (Jones)  Ky<lbeig  Torr.  Bull.  40  48  1913 
Var.  Weiseren&is  Jones  Cunt.  9  47  1900 
Cernardinus  Jones  Cont.  7  boi  1895         No.  220 
bicristatiisi.iay  troc.  ^.m.  Acad.  19  75  1883        No.  109 

Var.  letiapteroicles  Jones  Cont.  10  58  1902 
bidentatus  U.B.K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  6  493  1824.  See  Guatamalensis 
Bigelovii  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  42  1853         No.  i88 

A.  Mogollonicus  Greene   1  orr.  Bull.  8  97  1881 
Tragacantha  Higelovii  (Ciray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.   Thompsonx'  ^Watson)  Jones  Cont  8  ^3  1898 

.\.  Tiiompsoniv  Watson  l^roe.  Am.  Acad.  10345  1875 
syrticolus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bet.  Stud.  9  22  1894 
V'ar.  .Matthewsii  (Watson)  [ones 
A.  Matthewsii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10345  1875 
bisulcatus  (Hook.)  Gray  Pac   K.  R.  Rep.  12  42  t.  i  B  i860         No.  206 
Phaca  bisulcata  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.   Am.    i  145  1834 
Tragaca.itha  bisulcata  (Hook.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  decalvans  Gandoger  Bull.  Soc.  France  48  i  S  1902 
Diholcos  decalvans  (Gandoger)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  664  1905 
scobinatulus  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51  1613 
Blakei  Eggleston  Bol.  Gaz.  20  271  1S95  is  Labradoricus 
Bodini  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   122  1894  is  debilis 
Boiseanus  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.    53  223  191 2  is  arrectus  var.  Kelseyi 
Bolanderi  (..lay  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   7337  1868        No.  124 
Tragacantha  Bolanderi  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
A.  supervacaneus  Greene  Erythea  i  221  1893 
Booneanus  Nelson  Bot.  (laz.  5^,  22^  1912  is  giareosus 
Bourgovii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  227  1864        No.  29 
Tragacantha  Bourgovii  (Grav)  Kuntze  Rev   Gen.  2  943  1891 
Homalobus  Bourgovii  ((Jray)  Rydberg  FL  Mont.  247  1900 
Brandtj:ei  Porter  Fl.  Col.  24  187         No.  144 
Tragacantha  Brandegei  (Porter)  Kuntze  Rev  Gen   2  943  1891 
.^telophragma  Brandegei  (Porter)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660  1905 
Brauntoni  Parish  Bull.  S.  CaL  Acad.  Sci.  2  26  1902         No.  134 
Brazoensis  Buckley  Proc.  Phil.  Acad,  (of  1861)  452  1862         No.  273 

Tragacantha  P>razoensis  (Buckley)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
brevicaulis    Nelson  Torr.  Bull.  26  9  1899  is  calycosus 
Breweri  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  207  1864        No.  268 
Tragacantha  Breweri  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1 891 
csespitosus  [Xutt.]  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  230  1864  is  simplicifol. 
Californicus  [Gray]  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  157  1885         No.  7 
A.  collinus  var.  Californicus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    12  54  1876 
Homalobus  Californicus  [Gray]  Heller  Muhl.  2  86  1906 
alycosus  Torr.  in  Bot.  King.  66  and  435  t.  10  1871         No.  219 
A.  brevicaulis  Nelson  Torr.  Bull.  26  9  1899 

cyanoseminus  Greene.  Unpublished  ? 
Tragacantha  calycosa  [Torn]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Hamosa  calycosa  [Torr.]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bulk  40  50  1913 
Var.  scaposus  [Gray]  Jones  Cont.  4  26  1893 

A.  scaposusGiav  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  366  1878 

candicans  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  156  1885 
Hamosa  scajiosa  [Gray]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659  1905 
campestris  [Nutt.]   Cray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  62291864        No.  9 
Homalobus  campestris  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  351  1838 
camporum  Rydberg  Torr.Bull.  32  666  1905 
decumbens  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Ser.  2  7  1863 

Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  352^1838  in  part, 
tenuifolius     "  "  "         "     "     " 

not  tenuifolius  Desf. 
decurrens  Rydiierg  Torr.  Bnll.  31  563  1904 
oblongifolius     "         "        "       34  5°  '907 
SalidK  "         "       "         32  667  1905 

Tragacantha  campestris  [Nutt.]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1 891 


A.  convallarius  Greene  Erythea  i  207  1893 

decumbens  var.  convallarius  (Greene)  Jones  Cont.  10  58,  69  1902 
Var.  crispatus  Jones 
Var.  decumbens  (Nutt.-Gray)  Jones 
A.  decumbens  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6229  1864 
Homalobus  <lecumbens  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A,  I  352  1838  part. 
Phaca  decumbens  [Nutt.]  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  373  1906 
Var.  hylophilus  (Rydberg)  Jones 

Homalobus  hylophilus  Fl.  Mont.  247  1900 
A.  divergens  Blankenship  Mont.  Bot.  Stud,  i  73  1905 
hylophilus  (Ryderg)  Nelson  Bot.  Ry.  Mts.  291  1906 
Var.  serotinus  (Gray)  Jones 

A.  serotinus  Gray  Pac.  R.R.  Rep.  12  18  51  t.  5  1890 

decumbens  var.  serotinus  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  10  58  1902 
Falliseri  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  227  1864 
strigosus  C.  &  F.  Bot.  Gaz.  18  299  1893 
griseopubens  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  241894 
Homalobus  strigosus  (C.  &  F.)  Rydberg  Torn  Bull.  40  53  1913 
Falliseri  (Gray)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  248  1900 
serotinus  ((iray)    Rydberg  "         "       " 

campyloph\llus  Greene  Pitt.  3  195  1897  is  Serenoi 
Canadensis  L.  757         No.  128 

Tragacantha  Canadensis  (L.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Phaca  Canadensis  (L.)  MacMillan  Metasperm.  325  1894 
Var.  Carolinianus  (L.)  Jones  Cont.  7  647  1895 

A.  Carolinianus  L.  757 
Var.  Mortoni  (Nutt.)  Watson  Bot.  King  68  1871 
A.  Vlortoni  Nutt.  Jour.  Phil.  Acad.  7  19  1834 

tristis  and  spicatus  Nutt  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  I  336  1838 
Candelaiius  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   142  1894  is  Newberryi  v'r 

Var.  exiguus     "  "  "  "       "       143     "     "       " 

candicans  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  156  1881;  is  calycosus  var. 
candidiS'imus  V/atson  Bib.  Index  191  1878  is  Magdalenas  Greene 
Candolkaiius  (H.B.K.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   140  1894 

is  trit^orns 
capillipes  Jones         No.  70 
canonis  Jones  Cont.  8  15  1898         No.  iii 
carnosus  Pursh  Fl.  2  740  1814  is  crassicarpus 
Carohnianus  1,   767  is  Canadensis  var. 
caryocarpus  Ker  Bot.  Reg.  2  t.  176  1816  is  crassicarpus 
Casei  Gray  Bot.  Cal.  i  154  1876         No.  105 

Tragacantha  Casei  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Cien.  2  943  1891 
castanajformis  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  361  8885  is  argophyllus 

Var.  castanceformis 
Catalinen-is  Nutt.  PI.  Gambel  152  1848  is  A.  didymocarpus 
Cedrosensis  X'asty  &  Rose  Cont.  Nat.  Herb,  i  15  1893  'S  Nutt.  var. 
ceramicus  Sheld  .n  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  19  1894  is  pictus 
cerussatus  Sheld   n  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   139  1894  is  triflorus 
Chjetodon  Tor  .  in  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  194  1864  is  Spaldingii 
Chamaileuce  liray  Bot.  Ives  10  i860  is  pygniaeus 
Chandonettii  Lunell  \m.  Mid.  Nat.  2  127  1911  is  nitidus  var. 
Chapalanus  Jones         No.  254 
licada?  [ones  Com.  4  35  1893  is  pygma?us 

cibarius  Sheld-n  Muu).  bol.  Stud.  9    146  1894         No.  162 
A.  arietinus  Jones  Cont.  7  653  1895 

Xylophacos  cibarius  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48  1913 
Cimensis  Jones         122 

circumdatus  Greene  Pitt,  i  173  1888         No.  92 
Clevelandi  Greene  Torr.  Bull.  9  121  1882         No.  264 
Coahuilre  Jones         No.  217 
Cobrensis  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  43  1853         No.  146 
Tragacantha  Cobrensis  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
coccineus  (Parry)  Brandegee  Zoe  2  72  1890         No.  177 
A.  Purshii  var.  coccineus  Parry  West.  Am.  Sci.  7  10  1890 
Xylophacos  coccineus  [Parry]  Heller  Muhl.  2  217  1906 
collinus  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  140  1830        No.  97 
Phaca  collina  [Douglas]  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.  Am.    I  141  1830 
Tragacantha  collina  [Dougl]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.   2  943  1891 
Homalobus  collinus  [Dougl.j  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  53  1913 


Var.  Californicus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  12  54  1876  is  species 
Coitoni  Jones  Cont.  2  237  1891         No.  3 
Var.  aphyllus  Jones 
Var.  .Moabensis  Jones  Cont.  8  11  1898 
confertifloiis  uray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   13  368  1878        No.  201 

Cnemidophacos  con(etiflorus(Gyra)  Rydberg  Torn  Bull.  40  52  1913 
A.  flavus  var.  candicans  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   12  54  1876 
Var.  flavitlorus  (Kuntze)  Jones 

'1  ragacantha  llaviHora  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.   2  941  1891 
A.  flavitiorus  (Kuntze)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9 

I  s8  1894 
A.  flavus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  335  1838 
Congdoni  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  360  1885        No.  224 
conjunctus  \vatson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   18  371  1882  is  reventus  var- 
Var.  oxytropidoides  Jones  Cont.  7  665  1895  "         "  " 

Var.  Hoodianus  (Howell)  Jones  Cent.  8  9  1898         "         "         " 
consectus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  143  1894  is  Purshii  var 
Xylophacos  consectus  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49  1913 
convallarius  Greene  Erythea  i  207  1893  is  campestris 
Cooperi  (iray  Man.  Ed.  2  98  1856  is  neglectus 
coriaceus  Ilemsley  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  I  263  1880  No.  156 

Tragacantha  coriacea  (Hemsley)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Cottoni  Jones         No.  88 

A.  Olympicus  Cotton  Torr.  Ball.  35  573  1908 
Coulteri  lienth.  PI.  Hartw.  307  1848  is  lentiginosus  var. 
Craigi  Jones  Cont.  9  42  1900         No.  79 
Crandallii  Gandoger  Bull.  Soc.  France  48  14  1902  ? 
crassicarpus  Nntt.  in  Eraser's  Cat.  of  1813         No.  196 
A.  carnosus  Pursh  Fl.  2  740  1814 

caryocarpus  Ker  in  Bot.  Reg.  2  t.  176  1816 
succulentus  Rich,  in  f^ankl.  Jour.  Supp.  18  1823 
prunifer  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  239  1900 
Phaca  caryocarpa  (Ker)  MaciMillan  Metasperm.  326  1892 
Geopruinnon  crassicaipum  (Nutt.)  I-lydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  616  190 
succulentum  (Rich.)  Rydberg  '1  orr.  Bull.  32  658  1906 
Var.  pachycarpus  [T.  &  G.J  Jones  Cont.  8  16  1898 
A.  pacli'ycarpus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  332  1838 

Geoprumnon  pachycarpum  (T.  &  G.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  1.  c. 
crescenticarpus  Sheldon  Minu.  Bot.  Stud.  9    148  1894  is  amphioxy 
Crotalariic  (Henth.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  216  1864        No.  57 
Ithaca  CrotalariLC  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  307  1848 
Tragacantha  Crotalariit  (Benth.)  Ivuntze  I^ev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  anemophilus  (Greene)  Jones  Cont.  10  59  1902  is  vestitus 
Var.  Magdalcnw  (Greene)  Jones  Cont.  10  59  1902  is  species 
Var.  Men/iesii  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  10  59  1902  is  vestitus  var. 
Var.  virgatus  Gray  liot.  Cal.  i  149  1876  is  vestitus  var. 
curtiflorus  (Rydberg)  Jones  Cont.  10  64  1902  is  elegans  var. 
curtipes  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6217  1864        No.  72 

A.  leucopsis    var.  curtipes  (Ciray)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902  is  species 
Tragacantha  curtipes  (^Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Cusickii   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    13  370  1878        No.  66 


Phaca  Cnsickii  [Gray]  Torr.  Bull.  40  47  1913 
■  "  "■  '  rg  Torr.        "        " 

cuspidocarpus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   147  1894  is  Missourien. 


Cusickii  Rydberg  Torr.  ]5ull.  26  541  1899  is  arrectus 


cyaneus  Gray  PI.  Fend.  34  1849  is  Shortianus  var, 

cyanoseminus  Greene  unpub.  ?  is  calycosus 

cymatodes  Greene  Pitt.  3  196  1897  is  accidens  var. 

cymboides  Jones  Cont.  7  650  1895  No.  172 

Xylophacos  cymboides  [Jones]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull  40  49  1913 

cyrtoides  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  201  1864  is  collinus 

Daleae  Greene  Pitt,  i  153  1888  is  vaccarum 

debilis  Walp.  Rep.  i  710  1842  is  miser 

deliilis  [Nutt.]  Gray  Proc.  Phil  Acad.  .Series  2  7  60  1863         No.  27 
Phaca  debilis  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl,  N.  A.  i  345  1838 
Tragacantha  debilis  [Nutt]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Ilomalobus  debilis  [Nutt.J  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  53  1913 
A.  Bodini  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   122  1894 
Phaca  Bodini  [Sheldon]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665  1905 


decumbens  (Nutt.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  229  1864  is  campestris 
Tragacantha  decuml)ens  (Nutt.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.    2  943  1891 
Var.  convallarius  (Greene)  Jones  is  campestris  var.  See. 
Var.  serotinus  (Gray)  Jones  is  campestris  var.         " 
demissus  Greene  Erythek  i  221  1893  is  Haydenianus 
densifolius  (Smith)  Torn  Pac.  R.R.  Rep.  7  10  1856  is  vestitus  var. 
desperatus  Jones  Zoe  2  243  1891         No.  164 

A.  arietinus  var.  stipularis  Jones  Cont.  7  655  1895 
Tiuni  desperatum  (Jones)  Rydberg  Torn  Bull.  32  660  1905 
detritalis  Jones  Cont.  13  9  1910         No.  15 
diaphanus  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  151  1834  is 

lentiginosus  var. 
didymocarpus  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beech.  334  t.  81  1840         No.  269 
A.  Catalinensis  Nutt.  PI.  Gambel  152  1848 
Hesperastragalus  (H.  &  A.)  Heller  Muhl.  2  87  1905 
Diehlii  Jones         No.  154 
diphacus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  342  1882        No.  271 

Var.  peonis  Jones  Cont.  10  65  1902 
diphysus  Gray  PI.  Fend.  34  1849  is  lentiginosus  var.  diphysus 
Var.  latus  Jones  Cont.  3  287  1893  is  lentiginosus  var.  latus 
Var.  albiflorus  (iray  PI.  Fend.  34  1849  '^  Pattersoni 
dispermus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    13365  1878  No.  270 

Hesperastragalus  dispermus  (Gray)  Heller  Muhl.  i  137  1906 
compactus  "  "       2  218     " 

distortus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  ^^  1838  No.  215 

Tra^jacantha  distorta  (T.  &  G.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  Engelmanni  (Sheldon)  Jones 
A.  Fngelmanni  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   152  1894 
A.  flagellaris  1*  ng.  in  herb, 
diurnus  "Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  21  450  1886        No.  34 
divergens  Blankenship  Mont.  Bot.  Stud  i  73  1905  is  campestris  var. 
llomalobus  divergeus  (Blankenship)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  417  1907 

di\ -ifilius  day  i  roc.  Am.  Acad.  6  230  1864  is  junceus  var. 

Dodgeanus  Jones  Cont.  3  289  1893  is  Wingatensis  var. 
dorychniodies  Douglas  in  G.  Don's  Syst.  Gard.  &  Bot.  2  258  1834  is 

A.  succumbens 
Do  glasii  (T.  &  G.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  215  1864        No.  62 
Phaca  Douglasii  T.  &  G.T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  346  1838 
Tragacantha  Douglasii  (T.  &  G.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  glaberrimus  Jones  Cont.  7  645  1895 
Var.  Parishii  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  8  6  1898 

A.  Parishii   GrayProc.  Am.  Acad.   1975  1833 
Var.  piscinus  Jones  Cont.  7  645  1895  (^s  species)  and  10  61  1902 
Var.  Tejonensis  Jones  Cont.  7  644  1895  as  species  and  lo  61  1902 
Phaca  Tejonensis  (Jones)  Heller  Muhl.  2  85  1906 
drepanolobus  Gray  Pioc.  Am.  Acad.  19  75  1883         No.  223 
Var.  aberrans  Jones  Cont.  10  64  1902  is  Howellii  var.  misellus 
Drummondii  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  153 
t.  57  1834        No.  210 
Tragacantha  Drummondii  (Douglas)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Tium  Drummondii  [Douglas]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659  1905 
Duchesnensis  Jone>  Cont.  13  9  1910         No.  213 
Eastwoodre  Jones  Cont.  5  368  1894  is  Prcussii  var. 

Phaca  Eastwoodiie  [Jones]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  664  1906 
eiatiocarpus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  !-5tud.  9  20  1894  is  lotitlorus  var. 
elegans  [Hook.J  Sheldnn  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   154  1894        No  .  85 
Phaca  elegans  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.    i  144  1830 

Var.  minor     "  "         "        "         "     "       " 

Atelophragma  elegans  [Hook.]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660  1905 
Astragalus  minor  [Hook.]  Jones  Cont.  lO  64  1902 
oroboides  var.  Americanus  Grav  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  205  1864 
Shearii  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31  562  1894 
Var.  curtiHorus  [Rydberg]  Jones 

A.  curtiflorus  Rytll)erg  Fl.  Mont  242  1 900 
Phaca  parvitlora  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  I  348  1838 
Elmeri  Greene  Erythea  3  98  1895  is  nigrescens 

Engelmann  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   152  1894  is  distortus  var. 
EUiottii  Dietr.  Syn.  PI.  4  1080  1850  is  obcordatus 


7 


ensiformis  Jones  Cont.  7  658  1895         No.  184 

Episcopus  vvaLsoa  i^ruc.  A.u.  Acad.  10346  1875        No.  12 

Homalobus  Episcopus  (Watson)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  53  1913 
eremicus  Sheldon  in  Death  Val.  Kep.  66  1893  is  lentiginosus  var. 
eremiticus  Sheldon  Minii.  Bot.  Stud.  9    161  1894  is  arrectus  var. 
eriocarpus  Watson  Hot.  King  71,  440  1871  is  Newberryi  var. 
ervoides  H.  Cv  A.  Hot.  Beech.  417  1841  No.  245 

apertus  Sheldon  Miun.  Bot.  Stud.  9   166  1894 
Tepicus     "  "  "  "         "  172     " 

Hookeiianus  Dietr.  Syn.  PI.  4  1086  1850 

Trjgacantha  ervoides  (H.'&  A.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Ksperanz.e  Jones         No.  253 

Eurekensis  jones  Cont.  8  12  1898  and  3  291         No.  176 
exilifolius  Nelson  Torr.  Bnll.  26  10  1899  is  simplicifolius  var. 
fallax  watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  362  1885  is  gracilentus  var. 
famelicus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  23  1894  is  gracilentus  var. 
fastidiosus  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  .Acad,  i  186  1885  is  leucopsis   var. 
fastidius  (Kellogg)  Jones  Cont.  8  7  1898  is  leucopsis  var. 
Feensis  Jones  Cont.  8  20  1898         No.  183 
Fendleri     Gray  Bl.  Wr.  44  1853  is  flexuosus    var. 
filifolius  Gray  Pac.  R.R.  Rep.  12  42  i860  is  pictus  var. 
filipes  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  27S  1854  is  slenophyllus 

flagellaris  Eng.  in  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   152  1894  is  distort  v 
flaviflorus  (Kuntze)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   158  1894  is 

confertitlorus  var. 
flavus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  FI.  N.  A.  i  335  1838  is  confertiflorus  var. 
Cnemidophacos  flavus  (Nutt.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  664  1905 
flexuosus  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  140  1830    No.  153 
Phaca  flexuosa  (Douglas)  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.    i  141   1830 
Tragacantha  flexuosa  (Douglas)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Homalobus  flexuosus  (Dougl.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  666  1905 
Var.  Fendleri  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 
A.  I'endlen  Gray  I'l.  Wright.  2  44  1S53 
Phaca  Fendleri  Gray  PI.  Fend.  36  1849 
Homalobus  Fendleri  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  667  1905 

Salidte  Rydberg  I'orr.  13ull.  32  667  1905 
Tragacantha  Fendleri  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  Diehlii  Jones 
Var.  elongatus  (Hook.)  Jones 

Phaca  elongaia  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.  Am.    i   141  1830 
foliolosus  (Gray)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  9  138  1894  si  pictus 

A.  pictus  var  foliolosus  Grav  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  621s  1864 
Forwoodii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  25  129  1890  is  aboriginum  var. 
Franciscanus  Sheldon  Minn.  Rot.  Stud.  9   135  1894  is  vestitus  var. 
Francisquitensis  Jones  Cont.  7  666  1895         No.  234 

Var.  Lagunensis  Jones  (Jont.  8  1 1  as  species  and  10  61  1902 
Fremotii  T.  &  G.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  4  80  1857  is  lentiginosus  var. 
frigidus  (L.)  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Ser.  2  7  60  1863  is  alpinus 

Tragacantha  frigida  (L.)    Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Funereus   Jones  Cont.  12  11  1908         No.  178 
galegioides  Nutt.  (ien.  2  100  1818  is  racemosus 

Gambellianus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  21  1894  is  nigrescens 
gaviotus  Elmer    Bot.  Gaz.  39  54  1905  is  Antiselli  var. 
Gertrudis  Greene  Leaflets  2  43  1910  is  gracilentus  var. 
Geyeri  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 6  214  1864        No.  38 
Phaca  annua  Geyer  in  Hook.  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  6  213  1847 
Tragacantha  Geyeri  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  triquetrus  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  8  7  1898  is  triquetrus 
Gibbsii  Kellogg  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  2  161  t.  50  1863         No.  98 

Tragacantha  Gibbsii  (Kellogg)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  curvicarpus  [Sheldon]  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 

A.  speirocarpus  var.  curvicarpus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9 
125  1894 
Var.  falciformis  Gray  Bot.  Cal.  i  152  1876 
sinuatus  Piper  Torr.  Bull.  28  40  1601 
Homalobus  curvicarpus  [Sheldon]  Heller  Muhl.  2  86  1906 
Var.  falciformis  [Cray]    Jones  Cont.  8  23  1898  is  var.  curvicarpus 


giganteus  (Pall.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  154  1894  is  oroboides 
giganteus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  370  1882        No.  192 
A.  Fcxanus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   141  1894 
Van  Yaquianus  (Watson)  Jones 

A.  Yacjuianus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  23  270  1888 
Gilensis  Greene  Torr.  Bull.  8  97  1881  No.  20 

gilvifloius  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  21  1894  is  triphyllus 
glaber  Michaux  Fl.  2  66  1803         No.  216 

Tiayacantha  Michauxii  Ivuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
apilosus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  22  1894 
glabriusculiis  (Hook.)  Lrray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  204  1864  is  aborig.  v 
'I'ragacantha  glabriuscula  (Hook.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Phaca  glabriuscula  Hoolier  Fl.   Bor.  Am.    i  144  1830 
Atelophragma  glabriusculum  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660  1905 
glareosus  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  152  1834  is 

inflexus  var. 
Goldmani  Jones         No.  263 

goniatus  Nutt.  in  T.  (V  l^^l     N.  A.  i  330  1838  is  agrestis 
Gormani  Wight         No.  84 

gracilentus  Gray  PI.  Feud.  36  1849  ^s  Phaca  No.  155 

Gray  i-roc.  Am.  Acad.  6  223  1864 
Ncomexicanus  Wooton  &  Standley  Cont.  Nat.  Herb.  16  37  1913 
1  ragacantha  gracilenta  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  exsertus  Jones 

Var.  fallax  (Watson)  Jones  Cont.  8  14  1898 
A.  fallax  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  362  1885 
famelicus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  23  1894 
Gertrudis  Greene  Leaflets  2  43  1910 
Var.  Greenei  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  8  14  1898 

A.  Greenei  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  16  105  18S0 
Var.  Hallii  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  8  13  1898 

A.  Hallii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  224  1864 
Homalobiis  Hallii  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  667  1905 
gracilis  Nutt.  Gen.  2  loo  1818  is  parviflorus 

Microphacos  gracilis  (Nutt)  Rydberg  Tor.    Bull.  32  663  1905 
grallator  Watson  Zoe  3  52  1892  is  Haydenianus 

Homalobus  grallator  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  666  1905 
grandiflorus  Watson  Proc.  Ain.  Acad.  17  370  1882  is  coccineus 
Grayi  Parry  Am.  Nat.  8  212  1874         No.  103 

Tragacantha  Grayi  (Parry)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Ctenophyllum  Grayi  (Parry)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  50  1913 
Greenei    Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    16  105  1880  is  gracilentus  var. 
Greggii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    173431882        No.  246 
griseopubens  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   24  1894  is  campestris 
Guatamalensis  Hemsley  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  I  264  1880         No.  147 

Var.  Oaxacanus  (Rose  as  species)  in  Jones  Cont.  8  9  1898 
Hallii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  224  1864  is  gracilentus  var. 

Homalobus  Hallii  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  667  1905 
Hartwegi  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  10  1839         No.  256 

Tragacantha  Hartwegi  (Benth.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Hasseanus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   124  1894  is  Antiselli  var. 
Haydenianus  Gray  in  Brandegee's  Rep.  Col.  235  1876         No.  205 
Tragacantha  Haydeniana  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  (ien   2  943  1891 
Diholcus  Haydenianus  (Gray]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  664  1905 
Var.  major  and  Nevadensis  Jones  Zoe  2  241  1891  are  not  distinct 
A.  scobinatulus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  24  1894 
demissus  Greene  Erythea  i  221  1893 
Jepsoni  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  22  1894 
grallator  Watson  Zoe  ■?  52    1892 
Homalobus  grallator  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bulk  32  666  1905 
Helleri  Fenzl.  Bonplandia  8  56  1861  is  nomen  nudum. 
Hendersoni  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  22  471  1887  is  accidens  var. 
holosericeus  Jones  Cont.  7  638   1895  is  macrodon 
Hoodianus  Howell  Erythea  i  1 1 1  1893  is  reventus  var. 
Hookerianus  Dietr.  Syn.  PI.  4  1086  1850  is  ervoides 


Hookerianus  (T.  &  G.)  Gray  Proc  Am.  Acad.  6  215  1864    No.  67 
Phaca  Hookeriana   T.  \  (J.  Fl     N.  A.  i  693  1840 
Tragacantlia  Hookeriana  (T.  &  G.)    Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
A.  Sonneanus  Greene  Fin.  3  186  1897 
Var.  Whitneyi  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  7  668  1895 

A.  Whitneyi  Lira>    i  .oc  Am.  Acad.  6  526  1865 
\'ar.  pinonis  Elmer  Hot.  Gaz.  39  54  1905 
Hornii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  7  39S  1868        No.  46 

Tragacantha  Ilornii  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen  2  943  1891 
Var.  Bahaensis  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 

A.  Bahaensis  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   169  1894 
Var.  minutiflorus   Jones  Cont.  7  677  1895 
Hosackiie  Greene  Bull.   Cal.  Acad.  3  157  1885  is  humistratus  var. 
Howellii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  15  46  1879        No.  228 
Var.  misellus  (Watson)  Jones 
A.  misellus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  21  449  1886 
Humboldtii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  195  1864        No.  190 
Phaca  mollis  II.B.K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  6  496  1824 
Tragacantha  mollis  (H.B.K.)    Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
humilis  Geyer  in  Hook.  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  6  211  1847  is  Geyeri 
humillimus  Gray  in  Brandegee'  Rep.  Col.  235  1876         No.  19 
Tragacantha  humillima  (Watson)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Phaca  humillima  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  33665  1905 
humistratus  (}ray  PI.  Wr.  243  1853         No.  17 

Tragacantha  humistrata  ^Gray)  Kuntze  Kev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Tium  humistratum  (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660  1905 
A.  albulus  Wooton  &  Standley  Cont.  Nat.  Herb.  16  136  1913 
Var.  Hosackicc  (Greene)  Jones  Cont.  10  58  1902 

A.  Hosackiie  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  157  1885 
Var.  Sonor^B  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  10  58  1902 

A.  Sonora;  (iray  PI.  Wr.  2  44  1853 

Var.  tenerrimus  Jones  Cont.  7  649  1895 

hyalinus  Jones  Cont.  7  648  1895         No.  25 

hylophilus  (Rydberg)  Nelson  Bot.  Ry.  Mts.  291  1909  is  campestris  var. 
Hypoglottis  L.  Mantissa  275  1767  is  not  American 

Phaca  Hypoglottis  (L.)  MacMillan  Metasperm.  325  1892 
Tragacantha  Hypoglottis  (L.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Var.  bracteatus  Osterhout    Torr.  Bull.  26  256  189915  agrestis  var. 
Var.  poiyspermus  T.  cS:  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  328  1838  is      "       " 
A.  virgultulus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  165  1894 
Var.  robustior  Hook.  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  6  210  1847  is  nitidus 
Var.  strigosus  Kell.  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  2  115  1863  is  tener 
Tiypoleucus  Schauer  I,inn?ea  20  747  1847         No.  260 

Tragacantha  hypoleuca  (Schauer)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
hypoxylus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  18  192  1883  No.  255 
Ibapeiisis  Jones  Cont.  3  290  1893         No.  139 

Atelophragma  Ibapensis  [Jones]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51  1913 
ineptus   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   6525  1865  is  lentiginosus  var. 
inflexus  Douglas  in   Hooker   Fl.   Bor.  Am.  i  151  1834        No.  180 
Xylophacos  inflexus  [Douglas]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  4049  1913 
Var.  glareosus  [Douglas]  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 

A.  glareosus  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.   i  152  1834 
allanaris  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   141  1894 
Booneanus  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  53  223  1912 
Tragacantha  glareosa  [Douglas]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
insularis  Kell.  Bull.  Cal.  Acad,  i  6  1884         No.  47 

trifiorus  var.  insularis  [Kellogg]  jones  Cont.  6  637  1895 
Var.  Pondii  [Greene]  Jones 

A.  Pondii  Greene  Pitt  i  288  1889 
Var.  Quentinus  Jones  Cont.  8  6  1898 
intermedius  Jones  (font.  7  656  1895  is  Phoenicis 
intonsus  Sheldon  Minn.  13ot.  Stud.  9  23  1894  is  villosus 
inversus  Jones  Cont.  5  276  1893  Xo.  8 

Inyoensis  Sheldon  in  Covilie's  Death  Valley  Rep.  86  1893         No.  230 
iodanthus  Watson  Bot.  King  70  1871         No.  163 

Tragacantha  iodantha  [Watson]  Kuutze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Jodopetatus  Greene  in  herb,  is  Shortianus 

u 


jejunvis  Watson  Bot.  King  73  1871         No.  65 

Tragacantlia  jejuna  (Watson)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Ftiaca  jejuna  (Watson)  Rydbeig  Torr.  Bull.  4048  1913 
Jepsuni  tiueidun  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  22  1894  is  Haydenianus 
j"ebupi  (Eggleston  &  Sheldon)  Britlon  Man.  1048  1901  is  Labradoricus 
Julianas  Jones  Cont.  7  667  1895         No.  39 
junceus  (Nutt.)  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  62301864        No.  11 
Homalobus  junceus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  351  1838 
A.  diversifolius  var.  junceus  (Nutt.)  Jones  Cont.  8  13  1898 
Var.  roborum  Jones  Cont.  10  61  1902 
Var.  diversifolius  (Gray)  Jones 
A.  diversifolius  uiay  rroc.  Am.  Acad.  6  230  1864 

junciformis  Nelson  Torr  Bull.  26  9  1899 
Homalobus  ortliocarpus   Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  351  1838 
junciformis  (Nelson)  Rydberg  Tor.   Bull.  32  667  1905 
Var.  attenuatus  Jones 
Kaibensis  Jones  Cont.  10  64  1902         No.  211 
Kelseyi  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  241  1900  is  arrectus  var. 
Kentrophyta  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Ser.  2  7  60  1863  is  montanus 
Lagunensis  Jones  Cont.  811  1898  is  Francisquitensis  var. 
Labradoricus  DC.  Prod  2  287  1825         No.  86 
secundus  Michaux  Fl.  2  66  1803 
Blakei  Eggleston  Bot.  Gaz.  20  271  1895 
Robbinsii  var  Jesupi  Egg.-Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  155  1894 

wi:  borealis  Fggleston  Bot.  Gaz.  20  271  1895 
Jesupi  (Eggleston  &  Sheldon)  BrittoQ  Man.  1048  1901 
Var.  Robbinsii  (Oakes)  Jones 

A.  "  "         in  Gray's  Man.  Ed.  2  98  1856 

]^haca  •'  Oakes  in  Hovey's  Mag.  7  179  1841 

Var.  occidentalis  (Watson)  Jones 

A.  Robbinsii  var.  occidentalis  Watson  Bot.  King  70  1871 

occidentalis  (Watson)  Jones  Cont.  8  17  1898 

Mac  junii    Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  243  1900  is  an  intergrade 

Atelophragma  Macounii  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660  1905 

Homalobus  Clementis  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31  563  1904 

lancearius  Gray  Proc  Am.  Acad.    13  370  1878        No.  12 

Homalobus  lancearius  (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52  1913 
lanocarpus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   144  1894  is  Purshii 
latus  Jones  Zoe  3  287  and  4  272  1893  is  lentiginosus  var. 
Layneas  Greene  Bull.    Cal.  Acad.  3  156  1885         No.  186 

A.  malacus  var.  l,ayneie  (Greene)  Jones  Cont.  4  29  1893 
lectulus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  22471  1887  is  Purshii  var- 
Leibergi  Jones  Cont.  7  663  1895  is  arrectus  var. 
Lemmoni  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  8  626  1873        No.  252 

Tragacantlia  Lemmoni  (Gray)  Kuutze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
lentiformis  Gray  Bot.  Cal.  i  156  1876         No.  243 

Tragacantha  lentiformis  (Gray)    Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  189I 
lentiginosus    Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  151  1834 
No.  80 
Tragacantha  lentiginosa  (Douglas)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Cystium  lentiginosum  (Douglas)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  50  1913 
Phaca  lentiginosa  (Douglas)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  368  1906 
A.  lentiginosus  var.  floribundus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  525 
1865 
salinus  Howell  Erythea  i  iii  1893 
Var.  albifolius  Jones 
Var.  Borreganus  Jones  Cont.  8  3  1898 
Var.  carinatus  Jones 

Var.  chartaceus  Jones  Cont.  7  673  1895  is  var.  diphysus 
Var.  Coulteri  fBenth.]  Jones  Cont.  8  4  1898 
A.Coulteri  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  307  1848 

Arthu-Schottii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   6  209  1864 
Tragacantha  Coulteri  [Benth.]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Cystium  Coulteri  [l^enth.]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  50  1913 
Var.  cuspidocarpus  [Sheldon]  Jones  C^ont.  7  673  1895  '^  Missouriensis 
Var.  diaphanus  [Douglas]  Jones  Cont.  7  675  1895 
A.  diaphanus  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  151  1834 


Var.  diphysus  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  7  673  1895 
A.  diphysus  Gray  PI.  P'end.  34  1849 

Var.  chartaceus  Jones  Cont.  7  673  1895 
Var.  floribundus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  525  1865  is  lenliginosus 
Var.  Frenionti  (T.  &  G.)  Watson  Bot.  King  66  1871 
A.  Fremonti  T.  &  G.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  4  80  1857 

Coulteri  var.  Fremonti  (T.  &  G.)  Jones  Cont.  7  669  1895 
Var.  Idriensis  Jones  Cont.  10  63  1902 
Var.  ineptus  (Gray)  Jones 
A.  ineptus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.     5251865 
Phaca  inepta  (Gray)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  246  1900 
Cystium  ineptum  (Ciray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  6^9  1905 
Var.  latus  Jones  Zoe  3  387  1893  as  diphysus  var.,  and  4  272  1893 

as  species,  and  Cont.  7  675  1895 
Var.  MacDougali  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont.  7  673  1895 

A.  MacDougali  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  169  1894 
Var.  Mokiacensis  (Gray)  Jones 
A.  Mokiacensis  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   13  367  1878 
ursinu>  Gray  1.  c. 
Wilsoni  Greene  Pitt.  3  196  1897 
Var.  nigricalycis  Jones  Cont.  7  674  1895 
Var.  palans  )ones  Cont.  4  37  1893  as  species  and  8  4  1898 
A.  araneosus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   170  1894 

palans  var.  araneosus  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont.  7  675  1895 
Cystium  araneosum  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.  40  50  191 3 
Var.  Sierrae  Jones 
Var.  scorpionis  Jones 
Var.  Yuccanus  Jones  Cont.  8  3  1S98 
leptaleus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  220  1864        No.  30 
Phaca  leptalea  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48  191  •? 
pauciflora  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  348  1838 
A.  pauciflorus  (Nutt.)  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Ser.  2  7  50  1863 
leptophyllus  Nutt.  Jour.  Phil.  Acad.  7  18  1834  is  stenophyllus 
leptocarpus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  334  1838         No.  236 

Hamosa  leptocarpa  (T  &  G.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  617, 
1332  1903 

macilenta  Rydberg  1.  c. 
leucocystis  Greene  Erythea  3  76  1895  '^  Purshii 
leucophyllus  Hook.  Jour.  Bot.  6  211  1847  is  airectus 
leucophyllus  T.  cV  G.  Fl    N.  A.  i  336  1838         No.  71 

Phaca  leucophylla  (T.  &  G.)  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beech.  333  1841 
Tragacantha  leucophylla  (T.  &  G.)  Kuntze  Rev.  (len.  2  943  1891 
.■\.  asymmetricus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  23  1894 
leucopsis  var.  asymmetricus  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 
Var.  leucophyllus  (V.  &  G.)  Jones  Cont.  8  23  1898 
leucopsis  f  r.  &  G.]  Toir.  Mex.-  Bound.  56  t  16  1859         No.  73 
Phaca  leucopsis  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  694  1840 

canescens  Nutt.  in  T.  &  (].  Fl.  N.  A.  i  351  1838 
Tragacantha  leucopsis  [T.  &  C]  Kuntze  Rev.Gen.  2  946  1891 
Var.  brachypus  Greene  Pitt,  i  23  1887  is  var.  fastidius 
Var  curtipes  [Gray]  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902  is  curtipes 
Var.  curtus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   134  1894  is  fastidius 
Var.  fastidius  [Kell.]  Jones  Cont  10  62  1902 
Phaca  fastidia  Kellogg  Hes])erian  4  145  i860 
A.  fastidiosus  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad,  i  186  1885 
Var.  leucophyllus  [T.  &  G.]  Jones  Cont.  8  22  1898  is  leucophyllus 
Var.  lonchus  Jones 
limatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   126  1894        No    115 
Lindheimeri  Gray  PI.  \Vr.  i  52  1852         No.  235 

Tragacantha  Lindheimeri  f (jray]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1S91 
Hamosa  Lindheimeri  [Gray]  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E,  U.  S.  617, 

1332  1903 
A  recticarpus  Wood  Bot  Gaz  3  50  1878 
lingulatus  Sneldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  118  1894  is  simplicifolius 


lonchocarpus  Torn  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  4  80  1857         Is'o.  214 
Phaca  macrocarpa  Oray  PI.  P'end.  36  1849 

Homalobus  macrocarpus  (Gray)  Rytlberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  667  1905 
Tragacantha  macrocarpa  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1891 
A.  macer  Nelson  Hot.  Gaz.  56  65  191 3 
lotiflorus  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.  Am.    i  152  1834        No.  95 
Phaca  lotiflora  (Hooker)  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  349  1838 
Tragacantha  lotifiora(Hooker)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Van  brachypus  Gray   Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  209  186415  lotiflorus 
A.  elatiocarpus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  20  1894 

ammolotus  Greene  Erythea  3  76  1895 
Phaca  elatiocarpa  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torn  Bull.  32  665  1905 
Van  Nebraskensis  Bates  Am.  Nat.  29  670  1895  is  var.  Reverchonj 

A.  Nebraskensis  Bates  Torreya  5  216  190S 
Var.  Reverchoni  (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 

A.  Reverchoni  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    19  75  1883 
Nebraskensis  Bates  Torreya  5216  1905 
Batesii  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  54  150  191 2 
Phaca  cretacea  Buckley  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Ser.  2  5  452  1861 

Reverchoni  (Gray)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  619  1903 
lutosus  Jones  Cont.  13  7  1910         No.  74 
Luisianus  Jones         No.  247 
Lyallii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  195  1864        No.  135 

Tragacantha  Lyallii  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  (Jen.  2  943  1891 
MacDougali  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9    169  1894  is  lentiginosus  v 
macer  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  56  65  1913  is  lonchocarpns 
Macounii  Rydberg  Fi.  Mont.  243  1900  is  Labradoricus  van 
macrodon  (H.  &  A.)   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   6  216  1S64     No.  61 
Phaca  macrodon  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beech,  333  1841 
Tragacautha  macrodon  (H.  &  A.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
A.  holosericeus  Jones  Cont.  7  638  1895 
Madrensis  Jones         No    244 
Magdalenae  Greene  Pitt,  i  162  1888         No.  59 
Phaca  candidissima  Benth.  Bot.  Sulph.  13  1845 
A.  candidissimus  (Benth.)  Watson  Bib    Index  191  1878 

CrotalaricC  var.  Magdaienn?  (Greene)  [ones  Com.  10  59  1902 
malacus  Gray  Proc.  ^m.  Acad.  7  336  1868        No.  185 
Tragacantha  malaca  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1891 
A.  obfalcatus  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  54  411  1912 
Var.  Laynece  (Greene)  Jones  Cont.  4  29  1393  is  Lasneae 
malacus  x  Eaynese  Jones 

Malheurensis  Heller  Muhl.  Cat.  Ed.  2  7  1900  is  arrectus 
Matthewsii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    iS  192  1883  is  Bigelovii  var. 
megacarpus  (Nutt.)  Giay  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  215  1864        No.  75 
Phaca  megacarpa  Nutt.  in  T.  Si  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  343  1838 
Tragacantha  megacarpa  (Nutt.)    Kuutze  Rev.  2  943  1891 
Var.  caulescens  Jones  Cont.  7  643  1895  '^  oophorus 
Van  Pairyi  Gray  Bot.  Cal.  i  148  1876 

Van  prodigus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   136  1894 
melanocarpus  Nutt.  Eraser's  Cat.  name  only,  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.   Am. 

I  150  1834  is  Missouriensis 
Menziesii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6217  1864  is  vestitus  var. 
metanus  Jones  Cont.  7  666,  733  1895         No.  41 
Mexicanus  A.  DC.  PL  Ran  Gen.  4  16  t  3  1826         No   197 
A.  trichocalyx  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A,  i  332  1838 
Tragacantha  Mexicana  (A.  DC.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Geoprumnon  Mexicanum  (A.  DC.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U. 
S.  616,  1332  1903 
micranthus  Nutt.  Joun  Phil.  Acad.  3  122  1823  is  Nuttallianus 
microcystis  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  220  1864  is  miser 
microlobus    Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6203  1864  isparviflorus  van 
Mi^uelensis  Greene  Pitt,  i  33  1887         No.  58 
niilitaris  Jones 

minor  [Hooker]  Jones  Cont.  10  64  1902  is  elegans 
misellus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  21  449  1886  is  Howellii  van 
miser  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  153  1834        No.  32 
Tragacantha  misera  [Douglas]  Kuntze  Rev.  Tien.  2  949  1891 
Homalobus  miser  [Douglas]  Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.  40  52  1913 
Phaca  misera  [Douglas]  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  373  1906 


\l 


A.  microcystis  Gray  Proc  Am.  Acad.  6  220  1864 
Fhaca  microcystis  (Gray)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  245  1900 
A.  debilis  Walp.  Rep.  i  710  1842 
miserandrus  Greene  Erythea  3  76  1895  is  Hornii  var.  Bajaensis.  Th 
use  of  such  an  insulting  name  as  this,  evidently  intended  to  reflect 
on    Sheldon,  suspasses  the  bounds  of  professional  courtesy  and 
common  decency. 
Missouriensis  Nutt.  Gen.  2  99  1818         No.   173 

Tragacantha  Missouriensis  (Nutt.)  Kunlze  Rev,  2  943  1891 
Xylophacos  Missouriensis  (Nutt.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  FI.  S.  E.  U. 
S. 620,  1332  1903 
Var.  cuspidocarpus  (Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   149  1894  as 
species)  Jones 
Xylophacos  cuspidocarpus  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48  1913 
A.  puniceus  Ostcrhout  Muhl.  I  140  1906 

Shortianus  var.  minor    Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   6  21 1  1864 
thermalis  Greene  Krythea  3  76  1895 
Moencoppensis  Jones  Zoe  2  12  1891  No. -203 

Mogollonicus  Greene  1  orr.  Bull.  8  97  1881  is  Bigelovii 
Mohavensis  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  361  1885        No.  93 
MokiacensisGray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  367  1878  is  lentiginosus  var. 
molli;.simus  Torr.  Ann.  N.  V.  Lye.  2  178  1828         No.  191 
Phaca  villosa  James  Cat.  1S6  1825 
A.  simulans  Cockerell  Torreya  2  154  1902 
nion'anus  (Nutt.)  Jones         No.  16  Page  80 

Kentrophyta  montana  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  353  1838 
viridis  1.  c. 

Wolfii  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665  1905 
A.  Kentrophyta  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Sen  2  7  60  1863 

viridis  (Nutt)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   118  1894 
Homalobus  montanus  (Nutt.)  Britten  Fl.  2  306  1897 

Wolflfi  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31  562  1904 
Tragacantha  montana  (Nutt.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  941  1891 
Phaca  viridis  (Nutt.)  Britton  Mem.  Torr.  Club  5  201  1894 
Var.  Coloradoensis  Jones 

A.  Kentrophyta  var.  Coloradoensis  Jones  Cont.  10  63  1902 
Var.  impensus  (Sheldon)  Jones 

A.  viridis  var.  impensus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  118  1894 

Kentrophyta  var.  elatus  Watson  Bot.  King  77  1871 
Kentu)phyta  impensa  (Sheldon)  Rydberg   Torr.  Bull.  32  665  1905 
Var.  rotundus  Jones 

.•\.  tegetaiius  var.  rotundus  Jones  Cont.  7  650  1895 
Kentrophyta  var.  rotundus  Jones  Cont.  9  42  1898 
Var.  tegetaiius  (Watson)  Jones 

A.  tegelarius  Watson  Bot.  King  76  1 871 

Var.  implexus  Canby  in  Porter  &  Coulter  Fl.  Col.  App.  1874 
aculeatus  Nelson  Torr.  Bull.  26  10  1899 
Homalobus  aculeatus  (Nelson)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  246  1900 

tegetarius  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31  563  1904 
Kentrophyta  tegetaria  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52  1913 

aculcata  (Nelson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665  1905 
Tragacantha  tegetaria  (Watson)    Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  941  1891 
Var.  ungulatus  Jones 

A.  Kentrophyta  var.  ungulatus  Jones  Cont.  7  650  1895 
Mortoni  Nutt.  Jour.  Phil.  Acad,  7  19  1834  is  Canadensis  var. 

Tragacantha  Mortoni  [Nutt.]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1891 
Mulfordae  Jones  Cont.  8  18  1898         No.  229 

Onix  MuHoidae  [Jones]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51  1913 
jnulticaulis  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  335  1838  is  pubentissimus 
multiflorus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  226  1864  is  tenellus 
Musiniensis  Jones  Cont.  7  671  1895         No.  171 

Xylophacos  Musiniensis  [Jones]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  4049  1913 
naturitensis  Payson  Bot.  Gaz.  60  377  191 5  is  desperatus 
JiJebraskensis  Bates  Torreya  5  216  1905  is  lotiflorus  var. 


neglectus  (T.  &  G.)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  59  1894     No.  129 
Phaca  neglecta  '1'.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  344  1838 
Tragacantha  neglecta  (T.  &  G.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  941  1891 
A.  Cooperi  Gray  Man.  Ed.  2  98  1856 
Neomexicanus  Woolon  ^if  Standley  Cont.  Nat.  Herb.  16  136  1913 

No.   159 
Nevinii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  21  412  1886        No.  231 
Newberryi  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  12  55  1876        No.  175 
Var.  castoreus  Jones  Cont.  7  658  1895 

Var.  eriocarpus  (Watson)  Jones  Cont.  7  676  1895  is  var.  Watsonianus 
Var.  Watsonianus  (Kuntze)  Jones  Cont.  10  68  1902 

Tragacantha  Watsoniana  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  942  1891 
A.  eriocarpus  Watson  Bot.  King  71  1871 

Newberryi  var.  eriocarpus  (Watson)  Jones  Cont.  7  658  1895 
suturalis  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  23  1894 
Candelarius  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   143  1894  and  var. 
exiguus  1.  c. 
Xylophacos  Watsonianus  (Kuntze)  Rydberg  Torn  Bull.  4047  1913 
Newberryi  x  Eurekensis  Jones 
nigre.-ce.Ks  Nutt.  PI.  Gamb.  152  1848         No.  267 

Gambellianus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  21  1894 
Hesperastragalus  Gambellianus  (Sheldon)  Heller  Muhl.  2  87  1905 
nigrescens  (Nutt.)  Heller  Muhl.  2  218  1906 
nigrescens  Gray  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  Ser.  2  ;i^  410  1862  is  tenellus 
nitidus    Douglas  in   Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  149  1834      No.  130 
not  A.  Laxmanni  nor  adsuigens. 
Var.  robusiior  (Hooker)  Jones 
A.  adsurgens  Hookfer  F\.  Bor.  Am.    i  149  1834 
sulphurescens  Rydberg   Torn  Bnll.  28  36  1901 
striatus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  330  1838 
Chandonelii  l.unell  Am.  Mid.  Nat.  2  127  1911 
nothoxys  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6232  1864        No.  242 
Tragacantha  nothoxys  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  943  1891 
Oxytropis  nothoxys  (Gra))  Junes  Cont.  7  677  1895 
Spiesia  "  "  "         "     "     "         " 

Aragallus         "  "       Heller  Cat.  Ed.  2  4  1897 

nudisiliquus  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  54410  1912  is  glareosus,  old  pods, 
nudus Watson  Bot.  King  74  1871  is  Serenoi 
nutans  Jones         No.  53         Page   108 
Nuttallianus  DC.  Prod. '2  289  1825         No.  240 

A.  micranthus  Nutt.  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  3  122  1823 

Hamosa  micrantha  (Nutt.)  Rydberg   in  Small's  Fl.  S,  E.  U.  S. 
613,  1332  1903 
austrina  Rydberg  1.  c. 
Nuttalliana  (UC.)  1.  c.  617 
subunitlorus  Greene  l.caflets  2  42  1910 
Van  canescens  T.  &  G.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  2  163  1855  is  Nuttallianus 
Var.  Cedrosensis  (Vasey  &  Rose)  Jones 
A.  Cedrosensis  Vasey  &  Rose  Cont.  Nat.  Herb,  i  15  1893 
pertenuis  Greene  Leaflets  2  42  1910 
Var.  enneajugus  Jones  Cont.  8  22  1898 
Var.  leptocarpoides  Jones  1.  c. 

Van  pumihis  Gray  PI.  Wn  i  52  1852  is  var.  trichocarpus 
Var.  quadrilateralis  Jones  1.  c. 
Var  trichocarpus  T.  &  G.  Fl    N.  A.  I  334  1838 

A.  trichocarpus  ( T.  &  G.)  Voung  Fl.  Tex.  228  1S73 
Oaxacanus  Rose  in  Jones  Cont.  8  9  1898  is  Guatamalensis 
obcordatus  Kll.  Sketchbook  2  227  1822         No.  82 

Tragacantha  obcordata  (Ell.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  941  1891 
Tium  obcordatum  (Ell.)  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  616,  1332  1903 
A.  EUiottii  Dietn  Syn.  PI.  4  1080  1850 
ohfalcatus  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  54  411  1912  is  nialacus 
oblatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  21  1894  is  Serenoi 
ob.NCurus  Watson  Bot.  King  69  1871         No.  82 

Tragacantha  obscura  [Watson]  Kuntze  Rev.  2  943  1891 
occidentalis  [WatsonJ  Jnnes  Cont.  8  17  1898  is  Labradoricus  van 
Olympicus  Cotton  Torn  Bull.  35  573  1908  is  Cottoni 
oocalycis    Cont.  8  10    1898         No.  207 
urceolatus  Greene  ined.  ? 


oocarpus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  213  1864        No.  60 
Tragacantha  oocarpa  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1891 
A.  CrotalaiiiE  and  crotalarioides  Torr.  Mex.  Bound.  56  and 
oophorus  Watson  Bot.  King  73  1871         No.  76 

A.  artipes  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  370  1878 

megacarpus  var.  caulescens  Jones  Cont.  7  643  1895 
Phaca  artipes  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  664  1905 
Orcuttianus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  361  1885        No.  222 

Var.  Gregorianus  Jones  Cont.  10  63  1902' 
Oreganus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  335  1838         No.  127 

A.  ventorum  Gray  Am.  Nat.  8  212  1874 
oreophilus  Rydberg   Torr.  Bull.  31  561  1904  is  Canadensis  var. 
Orizalxc  Seaton  Proc.  Am.  .Acad.  28  117  1893         No.   193 
oroboides  var.  Americanos   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  205  1864 

is  elegans 
orthanthus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  195  1864        No.  195 
Tragacantha  orthantha  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1S91 
Osterhouti  Jones  No.  208 

Owyheensis  Nelson  Bot.  Gaz.  55  375  1913  is  atratus  var. 
oxyphysus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  218  1864        No.  68 
Tragacantha  oxyphysa  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1891 
Phaca  oxyphysa  (Gray)  Heller  Muhl.  2  86  1906 
oxyrhynchus  Hemsley  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  i  265  18S0         No.  261 

Tragacantha  oxyrhyncha  (Hems.)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1891 
pachy carpus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  332  1838  is  crassicarpus 
pachypus  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3  157  1885         No    112 
Paciticus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  174  1894  is  accidens  var. 
Painteri  Rose         No.   148 

palans  Jones  Cont.  4  37  1893  is  lentiginosus  \ar. 
Palliseri   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   6  227  1864  is  campestris  var. 

Tragacantha  Palliseri  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  2  946  1891 
Palmeri  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  7  398  1868        No.  44 

Tragacantha  Palmeri  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  946  1891 
Palousensis  Piper  Bot.  Gaz.  22  489  1896  is  arreclus 
Panamintensis  Sheldon  in  Coville's  Death  Val.  Rep.  8y  1893     No.  140 
Panguicensis  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902  is  aigophyllus  var. 
Parishii   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    19  75  1883  is  IJouglasii  var. 
Parryi  Gray  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  Ser.  2  33  410  1862         No.   182 
Tragacantha  Parryi  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1 891 
Xylophacos  Parryi  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662  1905 
parvitlorus  (Pursh)  MacMillan  Metasperm.  325  1892         No.   152 
Dalea  parviflora  Pursh  Fl.  474  1814 

Tragacantha  parviflora  (Pursh)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
Microphacos  parvifiorus  [PurshJ  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  ijl  1913- 
Psoralea  parviflora  (Pursh)  Poir.  Encyc.  Supp.  4  590  1823 
A.  gracilis  Nutt.  Gen.  2  100  1818 

Phaca  gracilis  (Nutt.)  MacMillan  Metasperm.  325  1892 
Var.  microlohus  (Gray)  Jones 
A.  microlobus  (.iiay  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  203  1864 
Tragacantha  microloba  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
Microphacos  microlobus  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  663  1905 
parvus  Hemsley  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  2  266  1880         No.  250 

Tragacantha  parva  [Hemsley]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
Pasqualensis  Jones  Cont.  1087  1902         No.   13A         Page  78 
Pattersoni  Gray  in  Brandegee's  Rep.  S.  W.  Col.  285  1876         No.  117 
A.  diphysus  var.  albiflorus  Gray  PI.  Fend.  34  1849 

recedens  Greene  ined  ? 
Tragacantha  Pattersoni  [Gray]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
Phacopsis  Pattersoni  [Gray]  Rydlierg  Torr.  Bull.  32  661  1905 
Rydbergiella  Pattersoni  [Gray]  Fedde  &  Sydow,  Just.  Bot.  Jahr. 
33  part  I  534  1906 
Var.  pr.Telongus  [Sheldon]  Jones  Cont.  10  65  1902 

A.  pr;eIongus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  23  1894 
Rothrockii  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   174  1894 
procerus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  369  1878 
Pattersoni  var.  procerus  [Gray]  Jones  Cont.  7  636  1895 
Phacopsis  pradongus  [Sheldon]  Torr.  Bull.  32  661  1905 
Rydbergiella  praslonga  [Sheldon]  Fedde  &  Sydow,  Just.  Jahr. 
part  I  33  534  1906 


paucifloiLis  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.  Am.    i  149  1^34        No.  31  Page  97 
Tragacantha  paucitlora  (Hooker)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
A.  vexiliflexus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   19  1894 
Homalobus  vexiliflexus  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  249  1900 
pauciflonis  Giay  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Ser.  2  7  50  1863  is  leptaleus 
pauperculus  Greene  Pitt.  3  224  1897  is  Rattani 
Peahodianus  Jones  Cent.  3  295  1893  is  pubentissimus 
pectinatus  Douglas  in  Hooker  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i  142  iSjo  No.  104 
Phaca  pectinata  (Douglas)  Hooker  Fl.   Bor.  Am.    1.  c.  141 
Tragacantha  pectinata  (Douglas)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
Ctenophyllum  pectiaatum  (Douglas)  Rydberg  Torn  Bull.  32  663  '05 
Van  plalyphyllus  Jones  Cont.  10  87  1902 
pephragmenus  Jones  Cont.  5  267  1893  is  argophyllus  van 
perfenuis  Greene  Leaflets  2  42  1910  is  Nuttallianus  van 
Ph  enicis  Jones  Cont.  8  12  1898         No.   189 

A.  intermedins  Jones  Cont.  7  656  1895 
pictus  Boiss.  &  (ial.  Diagn.  PI.  On  36  55  1859  is  nomen  nudum 
pictus  (iray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  214  1864        No.  54,  Page  109 
Dalea  picta  Gray  PI.  Fend  37  1849 

Tragacantha  picta  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
A.  angustus  Jones  Cont.  7  635  1895 

Var.  ceramicus  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont.  10  62  1902 

ceramicus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   19  1894 

pictus  var.  angustus  Jones  Cont.  4  37  1893 

ceramicus  var.  Jonesii  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  19  1894 

Van  foliolosus  (Gray)  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   138 '94 
pictus  van  foliolosus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6215  1864 
Var.  filifolius  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.    6215  1864 
A.  filifolius  Gray  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  12  42  t.  i  A  i860 

ceramicus  van  imperfectus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9    19 
angustus  var.  imperfectus(Sheldon)  Jones  Cont  10  62  1902 
Var.  longifolius  (Pursh)  Jones  Cont.  7  635  1895 
Psoralea  longifolia  Pursh  Fl.  741  1814 
Orobus  longifolius  (Puish)  Nutt.  Gen.  2  95  1818 
Physondra  longifolia  (Pursh)  Raf.  Atl.  Journ.  145  1832 
Var.  magnus  Jones 
pinonis  Jones  Cont.  8  14  1898         No.   158 
piscinus  Jones  Cont.  7  645  1895  is  Douglasii  var. 
Plattensis  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  i  332  1838         No.  198 
Phaca  Plattensis  (Nutt.)  MacMillan  Metasperm.  325  1892 
Geoprumnon  Plattense  (Nutt.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S. 
615,  1332  1903 
Van  Tennesseensis  bray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  193  1864 
platytropis   L.ray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  526  1865 

Tragacantha  platytropis  (Gray)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
Phaca  platytropis  (Gray)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  246  1900 
Cystium  platytropis  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torn  Bull.  40  50  1913 
playanus  Jones  Cont.  8  6  1898  is  triflorus  var. 

polaris  [Seeman]  Benth.  in  Hook.  f.  PI.  Arct.  323  1861         No.  26,  P.  88 
Oxytropis  polaris  Seeman  Voy.  Herald  Nam  2  24  1852 
Tragacantha  polaris  [Seeman]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
Pomonensis  Jones  Cont.  10  59  1902         No.  56,         Page  no 
Ponau  Greene  Pitt,  i  288  1889  is  insularis  var. 
porrectus  Watson  Bot.  King  75  1871  No.  6,         Page  62 

Tragacantha  porrecta  (Watson)  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
prcielongus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   23  189415  Pattersoni  van 
Preussii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6222  1864        No.  113 

Tragacantha  Preussii  [Gray]  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947  1891 
Phaca  Preussii  [Gray]  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  47  1913 
Van  arctus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   130  1894  is  typical 
Var  Eastwoodas  Jones 

A.  Eastwoods;  Jones  Cont.  6  368  1894 
Phaca  Eastwoodae  [Jones]  Rydberg  Torr.  32  664  1905 
A.  Preussii  var.  sulcatus  Jonss  4  37  1893 
Van  latus  Jones  Gont.  4  ;^6  1893  is  nearly  typical 
Var.  laxiflorus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.' 13  369  187S 
Van  laxispicatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9   130  1894  is  var. 
laxiflorus 


Proussii  var.  sulcatus  Jones  Cont.  4  37   (1893). 

Easlwoodae  Jones   Cont.   6  368    (1894). 
Prindei  Watson  Free.  Am.  Acad.  21  449   (1886).     No.  249  p.  276. 
pi-ocerus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  369  (1878)  is  A.  Pattei-soni  var. 

prselonp:us    (Sheldon)   Jones, 
procumbens  Watson  Proc.   Am.  Acad.  20  361    (1885)   is  A.  accum- 

bens  Sheldon, 
proriferus  Jones  Cont.  5  275   (1893)   No.  40,  p.  101. 
prunifer  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  239   (1900)  is  A.  crassicarpus  Nutt. 
pruniformis  Jones  Cont.  7   660    (1895)   is  A.  accidens  var.  Hender- 

soni  (Watson)  Jones, 
ptcrocarpus  Watson  Bot.  King  71   (1871)  No.  102,  p.  147. 
pubentissimus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  693   (1840)   No.  35,  p.  99. 

multicaulis  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  335   (1838). 

Peabodianus  Jones  Cont.  3  295   (1893). 

Tragacantha — Kuntze    Rev.    Gen.    2    (1891). 
Pueblae  Jones  Cont.   14  35    (1912)   No.  248,  p.  275. 
Pulr,ifGr«  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10  69  (1874)  No.  33,  p.  98. 

Sukodorfii   Howell  Erythea   1    111    (1893). 

Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  947   (1891). 
puniceus  Osterhout  Muhl.  1  140   (1906)  is  A.  Missouriensis. 

Xylophr.cos — Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662  (1905). 
Purpusi  Jones  Cont.  14  34  (1912)  No.  265,  p.  281. 
Pushii  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  152  (1834)  No.  181,  p.  222. 

Phaca  mollissima  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  350   (1838). 

Trpgacantha — Kuntze   Rev.    Gen.    2    917    (1891). 

Xylophacus  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662  (1905).     Also  Heller  Muhl. 
2   217    (1906). 

Var.  coccineus  Parry  West  Am.  Sci.  7  10   (1890).     Nomen  nudum, 
is  A.  coccineus   (Parry)    Brandegee. 

Var.   interior  Jones  p.    222. 

Var.  longilobus  Jones  Cont.  5  269  (1893)  p.  223. 

Var.  leucolobus  Jones  Cont.  5  270  (1893)  and  Cont.  10  61   (1902) 
p.   223. 

Var.  Icctulus   (Watson)   Jones  Cont.  10  61   (1902)   p.  223. 
A.  lectulus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  22  471    (1887). 

Var.  tinctus  Jones  Cont.  5  269   (1893)    p.  223. 
Purshii  x  glareor.us  Jones  p.  221. 
Purshii  x  Nev/berryi  Jones  p.  216. 
Purr>hii  x  Watsonianus  Jones  p.  216. 
pychnostachyus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  257   (1864)  No.  45,  p.  103. 

Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.   2    (1891). 
pygmaeus  (Nutt.)  Jones  No.  170,  p.  210. 

Phaca  pygmaea  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  349   (1838). 

Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.   2   941    (1891). 

Xylophricos  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  6G2    (1905). 

A.  Cliamaeleuce  Gray  Bet.  Ives  10   (1860). 

Var.  laccoliticus  Jones  Cont.   7  672   (1895)    as  Chamaeleuce  var. 
p.  211.  ■         -        . 

quinqueflorus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  21  450  (1886)  No.  23,  p.  84. 
raeemosus  Pursh  Fl.  740   (1814)   No.  208,  p.  247. 

Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.   2    (1891). 

Tium— Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659   (1905). 

Var.  brevisetus  Jones  Cont.   7   662    (1895)    p.   247. 

Var.  longisetus  Jones  Cont.  7  663    (1895)   p.  247. 
rasus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  158  (1894)  is  A.  scopulorum  P.  &  C. 
Rattani  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  19  75    (1883)   No.  238,  p.  269. 

pauperculus  Greene  Pitt.  3  224   (1897). 
recedens  Greene  Unpub.(?)    is  A.  Pattersoni   Gray, 
recticarpus  Wood  Bot.  Gaz.  3  50   (1878)   is  A.  Lindheimeri  Gray. 
recurvus  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3   155    (1885)    No.   141,  p.   186. 
reflexus  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  1  334  (1838)   No.  266,  p.  284. 

Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2   (1891). 
remulcus  Jones  Cont.   7   658    (1895)    No.   169,  p.   209. 

Var.  Chloridae  Jones  p.  210.  _ 


rcptarxs  Willd.  Hort.  Berol.  2  88    (1816)    No.  204,  p.  191. 

Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.   2    (1891). 
rcventoides  Jones  Cont.  7   661    (1895)    is  A.  terminalis  var. 

Cnemidophacos — Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    40    52    (1913). 
reventus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   15  46    (1879)    No.  115,  p.   160. 
Cnemidophacos — Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    40    52    (1913). 
var.   Canbyi  Jones  Cont.   8   11    (1898). 
Var.  coRJunctus  (Watson)   Jones  Cont.  10  61    (1902)   p.  160. 
A.  conjuntus  Watson  Proc.   Am.   Acad.   18   371    (1882). 
conjunctus  var.  Hoodianus   (Howell)   Jones  Cont.  8  9   (1898). 
|A.   Hoodianus  Howell   Erythea   1    111    (1893). 
A.  conjunctus  var.   oxytropidoides  Jones    Cont.    7    665    (1895). 
E'chardsoni  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  126  (1894)  is  A.  aboriginum. 

A.  vaginatus  Rich,  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.   1   149    (1834). 
Hobb'nsii  (Ockes)  Gray  Man.  Ed.  2  98  (1856)  is  A.  Labradoricus  var. 
Var.    Jrr^upi    Eggleston    &    SheVion     in    Minn.    Bot.    Stud.    9    155 

(1894)    is  A.   Labradoricus  DC. 
Var.   borealis   Eggleston   Bot.    Gaz.    20    271    (1895)    is   A.    Labra- 
doricus DC. 
Var.  occidentalis  Watson  Bot.  King  70   (1871)   is  A.  Labradoricus 
var. 
P.osei  Jones  No    150,  p.  190. 
r.othrockii  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  174   (1894)   is  A.  Pattersoni 

v?r. 
Eusbyi   Greene   Bull.   Cal.   Acad.    1    8    (1884)    is   A.   strigulosus  var. 
brevidentatus  Hemsley. 
Var.  longissimus  Jones  Cont.  7  662  (1895)  is  A.  strigulosus  H.B.K. 
sabulonum  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  368   (1878)   No.  36,  p.  99. 

Phaca  sabulonum    (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   40  47    (1913). 
pabulosus  Jones  Cont.  2  239    (1891)    No.   114,  p.   156. 
fnlinus  Howell  Erythea  1  111    (1893)    is  A.  lentiginosus  Dougl. 
Talmonis  Jones  Cont.  8  9   (1898)   No.  136,  p.  180. 
;  altonis  Jones  No.   258,   p.   279. 
ecalaris  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  23  270    (1888)    No.  50,  p.   106. 

Var.  quercetinus  Jones  d.  107. 
ccaphoides  Jones  Cont.  10  69   (1902)   is  A.  arrectus  var. 
rcaposus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   13  366    (1878)   is  A.  calycosus  var. 
!  chaffneri  Jones  No.  257,  p.  276. 

(clerocarpus  Gray  Proc.   Am.  Acad.  6  225    (1864)    No.   104,  p.   149. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.   2    (1891). 
Phaca  podocarpa  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1   142    (1840). 
Ecobinatulus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  24  (1894)  is  A.  Haydenianus 

Gray, 
scopulorum   Porter  Fl.   Col.    24    (1874)    No.   209,   p.    247. 
subcompressus  Gray  in  Brandegee  Rep.  234   (1876). 
rasus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  158    (1894). 
Tium — Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32   659    (1905). 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2    (1891). 
Seatoni  Jones  Cont.  7  676    (1895)    No.  262,  p.  280. 

Var.    Crucis   Jones    p.    281. 
cecundus  Mx.  Fl.  2  66   (1803)  is  A.  Labradoricus  DC. 
fielenius  Greene  Erythea  3  76    (1895)    is  A.  amphioxys  Gray. 
K-erenoi   (Kuntze)    Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  130    (1894)    No.  106, 
p.   150. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.   2   941    (1891). 
nudus  Watson  Bot.  King  74   (1871). 
oblatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  19    (1894). 
sericoleucus  Gray  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  Series  2  33  410  (1862)  No.  21,  p   83 
Phaca  sericea  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  343   (1838). 
Orophaca  sericea  (Nutt.)   Britton  &  Brown  Fl.  2  307   (1897). 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  942   (1891). 
Phaca  trifoliata  Nutt.  MS. 
Var.  aretioides  Jones  Cont.  8  13   (1898)   p.  84. 
Orophaca — Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32    668    (1905). 


\  -I 


Var.  tridactvlicus   (Gray)  Jones  Cont.  10  69   (1902)  p.  84. 
A.   tridactylicus   Gray   Proc.    Am.    Acad.    6    527    (1865). 
Orophaca — Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  668    (1905). 
Tragacantha — Kuntze    Rev.    Gen.    2    (1891). 
Phrca  digitata  Torr.  Frem.  Rep.   89    (1845). 
serotinus  Gray  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  12  18  51  t.  5   (1860)   is  A.  campes- 
tris  var. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.  2    (1891). 
fesquiflorus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10  346  (1875)  No  18,  p.  82. 

Phaca — Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48    (1913). 
serpens  Jones  Cont.   7  641,  644    (1895)    No.  52,  p.   108. 

Phpca— Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   40  47    (1913). 
Chearis  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31   562    (1904)    is  A.  elegans    (Hook.) 
Sheldon. 
Atelophragma — Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32   660    (1905). 
Shockleyi  Jones  Cont.  7  659  (1895)  is  A.  Serenoi  (Kuntze)  Sheldon. 
Shortianus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  331   (1838)   No.  166,  p.  205. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  944   (1891). 

Xylophacos Rydberg  in  Small  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  1332   (1903). 

iodopetalus   Greene   in   Herb, 
humilis  Geyer  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  6  211   (1847). 
Var.  cyaneus   (Gray)   Jones  Cont.  8  5    (1898)   and  10  65    (1902) 
p.   206. 
A.  cyaneus  Gray  PI.  Fend.  34   (1849). 

Shortianus  var.  minor  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   6  211    (1864) 
in  part. 
Var.  minor  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  211   (1864)  in  part  is  A.  Mis- 
souriensis  Nutt. 
Sileranus  Jones  Zoe  2  242   (1891)   No.  160  p.  196. 
Phaca — Rydberg  Torr.    Bull.    40   47    (1913). 
Var.  cariacus  Jones  Cont.  7  642   (1895)  p.  197. 
simplicitolius   (Nutt.)    Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   6  231    (1864)    No.   14, 
p.  78. 
Phaca — Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.   1  350    (1838). 
Tragacantha — Kuntze    Rev.    Gen.    2     (1891). 
Homaiobus — Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   40   52    (1913). 
uniflorus  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  49    (1907). 
brachycarpus  Nutt.  in  T.   &  G.  Fl.   1  352    (1838). 
canescens  Nutt.  1.  c. 
Var.  caecpitosus   (Nutt.)   Jones  Cont.  7  647    (1895)    p.  79, 
Homaiobus  caespitosus  Nutt.   in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352    (1838). 
Var.   spatulatus    (Sheldon)    Jones  Cont.   7   65    (1912). 
A.      spatulatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  22    (1894). 

caespitosus   (Nutt.)    Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   6  230    (1864). 
Tragacantha  caespitosa  Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2   943    (1891). 
Homaiobus  canescens  Nutt.  in  T.   &  G.  Fl.   1   352    (1838). 
A.  lingulatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  118   (1894). 
Var.  spatulatus  (Sheldon)  Jones  Cont.  10  65   (1902).    See  above. 
Is  var.  caespitosus. 
A.   spatulatus   Sheldon   Minn.    Bot.   Stud.    9   22    (1894). 

simplicifolius  var.   spatulatus    (Sheldon)    Jones   Cont.    7   647 

(1895). 
Homaiobus  lingulatus    (Sheldon)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40   52 
(1913). 
simulans  Cockorell  Torreya  2   154   (1902)   is  A.  mollissimus  Tor. 
sinuatus  Piper  Torr.  Bull.  28  40    (1901)   is  A.  Gibbsii  Kell. 
Sonorae  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  44   (1853)   is  A.  humistratus  var. 
Sonneanus  Greene  Pitt.  3  186   (1897)   is  A.  Hookerianus  T.  &  G. 
sophoroides  Jones  Zoe  2  12    (1891)   No  200,  p.  240. 
Spaldingii   Gray   Proc.   Am.   Acad.   6   524    (1865). 
A.  Chaetodon  Torr.  1.  c. 
Phaca  Spaldingii    (Gray)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  370    (1906), 


yv 


Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.  2    (1891). 
sparsiflorus  Gray  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.   Ser.  2  7   60    (1863),  PI.  Hall  & 
Harbour  No.  128,  name  only.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  205   (1864). 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.  2    (1891). 
Tium — Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32   660    (1905). 

varieg-atum  Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   34  48    (1907). 
Var.  majusculus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  206   (1864)   p.  130. 
Var.  major  Gray  JProc.   Phil.  Acad.   Ser.  2  7   60    (1863),  name 
only, 
spatulatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  22  (1894)  is  A.  simplicifolius 

var. 
speirocarpus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  225   (1864)  No.  95,  p.  141. 
Phaca  speirocarpa    (Gray)    Piper  Fl.  Wash.  370    (1906). 
A.   Whitedi   Piper  Torr.    Bull.    20    (1902). 
Var.  falciformis  Gray  Bot.   Cal.   1    152    (1876)    is  A.  Gibbsii  var. 

curvicarpus. 
Var.   curvicarpus   Sheldon   Minn.   Bot.   Stud.   9   126    (1894)    is  A. 
Gibbsii.   var.    curvicarpus    (Sheldon)    Jones, 
spicatus  Nutt.  in  T.  &   G.  Fl.   1   336    (1838)    is  A.   Canadensis  var. 

Mortoni. 
stenophyllus  T.   &  G.  Fl.   1   329    (1838)    No.  4  p.   71. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze    Rev.    Gen.    2    (18S1). 
Phaca— Piper  Fl.   Wash.   371    (1906). 
•Homalobus — Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  249    (1900). 
filipes    (Torr.)    Heller  Muhl.   9   67    (1913). 
A.  leptophyllus  Nutt.  Jour.  Phil.  Acad.  7  18  (1834). 
filipes  Torr.   Bot.  Wilkes  278    (1854). 
stipularis  Jones   Cont.    7    655    (1895)    is   A.   desperatus  Jones. 
straturensis  Jones  Cont.  8  19   (1898)  No.  142  p.  186. 

Hamosa   atratiformis   Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    34    48    (1907). 
streptopus  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  3   155    (1885)    is  A.  acutirostris 

Watson, 
striatiflorus  Jones  Cont.  7  643    (1895)    is  A.  Sileranus  Jones. 
striatus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  330  (1838)  is  A.  nitidus  var.  robustior. 
strigosus   (Kell.)   Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  24  (1894)  is  A.  tener 

Gray, 
str'gosus  Coulter  &  Fisher  Bot.  Gaz.  18  299  (1893)  is  A.  campestris 

var. 
strigulosus  H.  B.  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  6  494   (1824)   No.  143,  p.  186. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  948    (1891). 
A.  Rusbyi  var.  longissimus  Jones  Cont.  7  662  (1895). 
Var.  gracilis  Hemsley  Bot.   Cent.   Am.    1   266    (1880)    p.    187. 
Var.  brevidentatus  Hemsley  Bot.  Cent.  Am.  1  266   (1880)   p.  187. 
A.  Rusbyi  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  1  8    (1884). 

altus  Wooton  &  Standlcy  Cont.  Nat.  Herb  16  36   (1913). 
subcinereus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  366   (1878)   No.  49,  p.  106. 
Phaca  subcinerea    (Gray)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    40   47    (1913). 
A.   Wootoni   Sheldon  Minn.   Bot.   Stud.   9  138    (1894). 
subcompressus  Gray  in  Brandegee  Rep.  Col.  234  (1876)   is  A.  scopu- 

lorum. 
subuniflorus  Greene  Leaflets  2  42   (1910)  is  A.  Nuttallianus  DC. 
nucculentus  Rich,  in  Frankl.  Jour.  Supp.  18  (1823)  is  A.  crassicarpus. 
Geoprumnon  succulentum    (Rich.)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32   658 
(1905). 
GUGCumbens  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  Eor.  Am.  1  151    (1834)   No.  187,  p. 
228. 
A.  dorycnioides  Dougl.  in  G.  Don  Gard  Diet.  2  258   (1834). 
sulphurescoiis  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  26  36   (1901)  is  A.  nitidus  var. 
Suksdorfii  Hov/ell  Erylhea  1  111   (1893)  is  A.  Pulsifera;  Gray, 
supervacancus  Gr?ene  Erythea  1  221    (1893)   is  A.  Bolanderi  Gray. 
suturalis  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  23   (1894)  is  A  Newberryi  var. 


sylvaticus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  23  262   (1888)   No  226,  p.  261. 

A.   umbraticus   Sheldon   Minn.   Bot.    Stud.    9   23    (1894). 
syrticolus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  22  (1894)  is  A.  Bigelovii  var. 
Tarletonis  Rydberg  Bull.  N.  Y.   Card.   2   175    (1901)    is  A.  agrestis 

Dougl. 
tegetarioides  Jones  Cont.  10   66    (1902)    No.   22,  p.  84. 
tegetarius  Watson   Bot.   King  76    (1871)    is  A.   montanus  var. 

var.  imploxus  Canby  in  Porter  &  Coulter  Fl.  Col.  App.    (1874)   is 

A.   montanus  var. 
var.    rotundus  Jones   Cont.    650    (1895)    is   A.   montanus  var.   ro- 
tundus. 
Tejonensis  Jones  Cont.  7  044   (1895)  is  A.  Douglasii  var.  Tejonensis 

Jones, 
tenellus  Pursh  Fl.  473    (1814)   No.  2,  p.  69. 

Tragacanlha— Kuntze   Rev.   Gen.   2    (1891). 
Homalobus— Britton  Br.  &  Br.  Fl.  2  305    (1897). 
multiflorus   (Pursh)    T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  351    (1838). 
dispar  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  350   (1838). 
Ervum    nuiltiflorum    Pursh    Fl.    739    (1814). 
Orobus  dispar  Nutt.   Gen.   2  95    (1818). 
Physondra  dispar    (Nutt.)    Raf.  Atl.  Jour.   145    (1832). 
Phaca   nigrescens   Hook.    Fl.    Bor.    Am.    1    143    (1830). 
A.  multiflorus   (Pursh)    Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  226    (1864). 
nigrescens  (Hook.)  Gray  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  Ser.  2  33  410  (1862). 
toner  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  206   (1864)   No.  237,  p.  268. 

A.  Hypodottis  var.  strigosus  Kell.  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  2  115   (1863). 
str,gosu3  (Kell.)   Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  24   (1894). 
Titi  Eastwood  Torr.  Bull.  32   195    (1905). 
Var.   Brucai  Jones  p.   268. 
Var.    rattanoides  Jones  p.    208. 
Ten.icsseensiG   Gray  in   Chapman  Fl.   98    (1860)    No.   199,  p.   238. 
Plattensis  var.  Tennesseensis  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  193   (1864). 
Tragacantha— Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.   2    (1891). 

Geoprumnon    Tennesseense    (Gray)    Rydberg    in    Small   Fl.    S.    E. 
States  016   1332    (1903). 
tephrodes  Gray  PI.   Wr.  2  45    (1853)    No.   165,  p.   205. 
tepicus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  172  (1894)  is  A.  ervoides  H.  &  A. 
terminalis  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17  370    (1882)   No.  122,  p.  167. 
Var.  rcventoides  Jones  p.   167. 

A.   reventoides  Jones   Cont.   7    661    (1895). 

Cnemidophacos  reventoides   (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52 
(1913). 
tetrapterus  Gray  Proc.   Am.  Acad.   13   369    (1878)    No.   103,  p.  148. 

Var.  Capricornus  Jones  p.  149. 
Texanus  Sheldon  Minn.   Bot.  Stud.   9  65,   141,  175    (1894)    is  A.  gi- 

ganteus. 
thermalis  Greene  Erythea  3   76    (1895)    is  A.   Missouriensis  Nutt. 
Thompsonae  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10  345   (1875)   is  A.  Bigelovii 

var. 
Thurberi  Gr.  PI.  Thurber  312   (1855).  No.  43,  p.  102. 

Tragacantha — Kuntze    Rev.    Gen.    2    948    (1891). 
Titi   Eastwood   Torr.   Bull.   32    195    (1905)    is  A.  tener  Gray. 
Toanus  Jones  Cont.  3   296    (1893)    No.   97  p.    145. 
Tolucanus  Rob.  &  Seaton  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  28  104   (1893)   No.   143, 

p.  190. 
Traskise  Eastwood  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  3  102  fig.  (1899)  No.  232,  p.  264. 
tricarinatus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  12  56  (1876)  No.  221,  p.  258.  ' 
trichocalvx  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  322  (1838)  is  A.  Mexicanus  A.  DC. 
trichocarpus  (T.  &  G.)  Young  in  Fl.  Tex.  228  (1873)  is  A.  Nuttal- 
lianus. 
Tragacantha  trichocarpa    (T.   &   G.)    Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.  2    (1891). 


trichopodus  (Nutt.)   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  ^18   (1864)  No.  69,  p. 
116. 
Phaca  trichopoda  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  343  (1838). 
tridactylicus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6  527   (1865)  is  A.  sericoleucus 

var. 
triflorus   (DC.)   Gray  P.  Wr.  2  45   (1853)  No.  48,  p.  104. 
Phaca  triflora  DC.  Ast.  50  t.  1   (1802). 

DeCandolleana  H.  B.  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  6  495  t.  586  (1824). 
cerussata  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665  (1905). 
A.  DeCandolleanus   (H.  B.  K.)   Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  140 
(1894). 
cerussatus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.   Stud.   9  139    (1894). 
Var.  Candolleanus  (H.  B.  K.)  Jones  Cont.  7  637  (1895)  is  typical. 
Var.  insularis  (Kell.)  Jones  Cont.  7  637  (1895)  is  A.  insularis  Kell. 
Var.  playanus  Jones  p.   106. 

A.  playanus  Jones  Cont.  8  6    (1898). 
triphyllus  Pursh  Fl.  740   (1814)   No.  24,  p.  86. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze   Rev.    Gen.    2    (1891). 

Phaca  triphylla  (Pursh)  Eaton  &  Wr.  N.  A.  Bot.  Ed.  8  351  (1840). 
caespitosa  Nutt.    Gen.   2   98    (1818). 
argophylla  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.   1  342    (1838). 
Orophaca   caespitosa    (Nutt.)    Br.    &    Br.    Fl.   2   306    (1897). 
A.  gilviflorus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  21    (1894). 
triquetrus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  367    (1878)  No.  78,  p.  122. 

A.  Geyeri  var.  triquetrus  (Gr.)  Jones  Cont.  8  7    (1898). 
tristis  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  336   (1838)  is  A.  Canadensis  var.  Mor- 

toni. 
troglodytus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  20  362  (1885)  No.  204,  p.  242. 
Tweedyi  Canby  Bot.  Gaz.  15  150  (1890)  No.  92,  p.  140. 
Uintensis  Jones  Cont.  7  670  1895)  is  A.  argophyllus  Nutt. 
umbraticus  Sheldon  Minn.   Bot.   Stud.   9  23    (1894)    is  A.   sylvaticus 

Watson, 
urceolatus   Greene   MS.    is   A.   oocalycis  Jones, 
ursinus  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  13  367   (1898)  is  A.  lentiginosus  var. 

Mokiacensis   (Gray)  Jones. 
Utahensis  (Torr.)  T.  &  G.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  2  120   (1855)  No.  179,  p. 
228. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze   Rev.    Gen.    2    (1891). 
Phaca    mollissima    var,    Utahensis    Torr.    Stansb.    Rep.    385    t.    2 

(1853). 
Zylophacos  Utahensis   (Torr.)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49    (1913). 
vaccarum  Gray  PI.  Wr.  2  43    (1853)   No.  259,  p.  279. 
Tragacantha— Kuntze    Rev.    Gen.    2    (1891). 
A.  Daleae  Greene  Pitt.   1   153    (1887). 
vaginatus  Rich,  in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  149   (1834)   is  A.  Richard- 
soni. 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2    (1891). 
vallaris  Jones  Cont.   10  59    (1902)    No.   119,  p.   163. 
Vaseyi   Watson  Proc.   Am.   Acad.   17   370    (1882)    No.  42,  p.   102. 
ventorum  Gray  Am.  Nat.   8   212    (1874)    is  A.   Oreganus  Nutt. 
Tragacantha  ventorum    (Gray)    Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.   2    (1891). 
vcspertinus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  150    (1894)   is  A.  amphioxys 

var. 
vcst:tus    (Eenth.)    Watson  Bib.  Index  202    (1878)    No.  55,  p.   110. 
Phaca  vestita  Benth.   Bot.   Sulph.    13    (1844). 
Tragacantha — Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2   (1891). 
^  A.   anemophilus  Greene  Bull.   Cal.  Acad.   4   186    (1885). 
Var.  Frar.ciscanus    (Sheldon)    Jones  p.   110. 

A.   Franciscanus  Sheldon  Minn.   Bot.   Stud.   9   133    (1894). 

Var.  longulus  1.  c.    Same. 
A.   Crotalariae  var.  virgatus  Gray  Bot.   Cal.    1    149    (1876). 


03 


Phaca  Franciscana  -(Sheldon)    Heller  Muhl.  2  217    (1906). 
Var.    Menziesii    (Gray)    Jones   p.    110. 

A.  Menziesii  (jray  Proc.   Am.  Acad.   6  217    (1864). 

densifolius  (Sm.)   Torr.  Pac.  R.  R.  Rep.  7  10   (1856). 
Phaca  densifolia  Smith  in  Rees  Cycl.  27  No.  9   (1817). 
Nuttallii  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1   343    (1838). 
inflata  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  343    (1838). 
Tragacantha  Nuttallii   (T.  &  G.)   Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2   (1891). 
vexillifiexus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  21   (1894)  is  A.  pauciflorus. 
villosus  Mx.  Fl.  2  67    (1803)    No.  81,  p.   129. 
Phaca  villosa  Nutt.  Gen.  2   97    (1818). 

TraKacantha  villosa   (Mx.)   Kuntze  Rev.  Gen.  2  949   (1891). 
A.  intonsus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  23    (1894). 
Tium    intonsum    (Sheldon)     Rydberg    in    Small    Fl.    619    1332 
(1903). 
Virgineus  Sheldon  in  Coville  Death  Val.  Rep.  88   (1893)  is  A.  sabu- 

lonum  Gr. 
virgultulus   Sheldon   Minn.    Bot.    Stud.    9    165    (1894)    is  A.   agrestis 

var. 
viridis    (Nutt.)    Sheldon  Minn.   Bot.   Stud.   9   118    (1894)    is  A.  mon- 
tanus. 
Var.  impensus  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.  Stud.  9  118   (1894)  is  A.  mon- 
tanus  var. 
Wnrdi   Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.   12   55    (1876)    No.   51   p.   107. 

Phaca  Wardi    (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  47    (1913). 
Watsoni  Sheldon  Minn.  Bot.   Stud.   9  23    (1894)    is  A.  accidens  var. 
Watsonianus    (Kuntze)    Sheldon   Minn.    Bot.    Stud.   9    143    (1894)    is 

A.    Newberryi  var. 
Webberi  Gray  Bot.   Cal.   1   154    (1876)    No.   161,  p.  202. 

Tragacantha   Webberi    (Gray)    Kuntze   Rev.    Gen.    2    (1891). 
Wetherilli  Jones  Cont.  4  34    (1893)   No.  64,  p.  114. 

Phaca  Wetherilli    (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32   665    (1905). 
Whitedi  Piper  Torr.  Bull.  29  224   (1902)   is  A.  speirocarpus  Gray. 
Whitneyi   Gray  Proc.  Am.   Acad.   6   526    (1865)    is  A.   Hookerianus 
var. 
Var.  pinonis  Elmer  Bot.  Gaz.  39  54   (1905)   is  A.  Hookerianus 
var. 
Tragacantha  Whitneyi    (Gray)    Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.   2    (1891).     • 
Phaca  Whitneyi    (Gray)    Heller     Muhl.   9    67    (1913). 
Wilsoni    Greene    Pitt.  3     196     (1897)     is    A.  lentiginosus    var.  Mo- 

kiacensis. 
Wingatensis  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  18  192   (1883)   No  1,  p.  69, 
Homalobus  Wingatensis    (Watson)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31   563 
(1904),   also  Heller  Muhl.    1    145    (1906). 
Var.   Dodgeanus  Jones  p.   69. 

A.  Dodgeanus  Jones  Cont.  3  289   (1893). 

Homalobus    Dodgeanus     (Jones)     Rydberg    Torr.    Bull.    40    52 
(1913). 
accrbus   (Sheldon)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  666   (1905). 
A.   acerbus   Sheldon   Minn.    Bot.   Stud.    9    123    (1894). 
Homalobus  proximus  Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.  32   667    (1905). 
Williamsii  Rydberg  Bull.  N.  Y.  Gard.  2   175    (1901). 
Woodruffi  No.  13,  p.  77. 
Wootoni   Sheldon   Minn.  Bot.   Stud.   9   138    (1894)    is  A.  subcinereus 

Gray. 
Wr.-ghtii  Gray  PI.  Lindheimer  176    (1850)   No.  239,  p.  269. 

Tragacantha  Wrightii    (Gray)    Kuntze  Rev.   Gen.  2    (1891). 
Yaquianus  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  23  270    (1888)   is  A.  giganteus 

var. 
Yukonis  Jones  No.   28,  p.   89. 
Zionis  Jones  Cont.  7   652    (1895)   No.  168,  p.  208. 

Xylophacos    Zionis    (Jones)    Rydberg    Torr.    Bull.    40    48    (1913). 

D-4 


Atelophragma  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660   (1905)  p.  15. 

aboriginum    (Rich.)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    32    660    (1905)    is   A. 

aborieinum. 
Arthur!   (Jones)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51   (1913)  is  A.  Arthuri 

Jones. 
Brandegei    (Porter)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    32    660    (1905)    is   A. 

Brandegei. 
elegans  (Hook.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660  (1905)  is  A.  elegans. 
Forwoodi  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51  (1913)  is  A.  aborig- 

inum  var. 
glabriusculum   (Hook.)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660   (1905)   is  A. 

aboriginum  var. 
Ibapense  (Jones)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51  (1913)  is  A.  Ibapensis. 
lineare  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51   (1913)  is  A.  aboriginum  Rich. 
Macounii  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660   (1905)   is  A.  Labradoricus 

var. 
Shearis  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660    (1905)   is  A.  elegans. 
Atrati  pp.   12,   179. 
Barriers  p.  41. 
Bisulcati  pp.   11,   243. 
Blue  Mountains  p.  46. 
British  America  p.  47. 
Bucerates  p.  8. 

Californian   Valley  Region   p.   40. 
Caprini  p.  8. 
Carnosocarpus  p.   14. 
Cascade-Olympics  p.  47. 
Catalinas  p.  49. 
Ch£etodontes  pp.   9,    172. 
Christiani  p.  8. 
Chronopoidii   p.    8. 
Ciceroideje  p.  8. 
Clavocarpus  p.   13. 
Cnemidophr.cos  Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32   663    (1905)    p.   15. 

argillosus    (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   40   52    (1913)    is  A.   ar- 

gillosus. 
confertiflorus  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52  (1913)  is  A.  con- 

fertiflorus  Gray, 
flavus  (Nutt.)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  664   (1905)   is  A.  conferti- 
florus Gray. 
reventoides   (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52    (1913)   is  A.  ter- 

minalis  var. 
reventus  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52  (1913)  is  A.  reventus. 
Collini   pp.    11,   139. 
Colorado-Yellowstone  region  p.  46. 
Color  of  Flowers  p.  57. 
Columbia  Basin  pp.  37,  39,  43. 
Corrections  p.   288. 
Ctenophyllum  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  663   (1905)   p.  16. 

Grayi  (Pnrry)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  50  (1913)  is  A.  Grayi  Parry. 
pectinatus   (Hook.)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  663   (1905)   is  A.  pec- 
tinatus. 
Cystium  Stev.  Bull.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  4  268   (1832)  p.  16. 

araneosum    (Sheldon)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    40    50    (1913)    is   A. 

lentiginosus  var. 
Eoiseanum    (Nelson)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  50    (1913)    is  A.  ar- 

rectus  var. 
Coulteri    (Benth.)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.    40   50    (1913)    is  A.  len- 
tiginosus var. 
diphysum   (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659  (1905)  is  A.  lentig- 
inosus var. 
ineptum  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659  (1905).     Republished 


^^ 


lentiginosum   (Dougl.)   Ryd.  Torr.  Bull.  40  50    (1913)   is  A,  len- 
tiginosus. 

40   50    (1913)    is  A.  lentiginosus  var. 
platytropis  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  50  (1913)  is  A.  platy- 
tropis  Gr. 
Death  Valley  Region  p.  53. 
Debiles  p.  87. 

DeCandolle's  Revision  p.  8. 
Didymocarpi    pp.    9,    283. 
Diholcos  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  G64   (1905)   p.  16. 

bisulcatus  (Hook.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  664  (1905)  is  A.  bisul- 

catus. 
decalvans    (Gandoger)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.   32   664    (1905)    is  A. 

bisulcatus. 
Haydenianus    (Gray)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    32    664    (1905)    is   A. 

Haydenianus. 
scobinatulus    (Sheldon)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   40   51    (1913)    is  A. 
Haydenianus. 
Diphysi  p.  9. 
Dispermus  p.   14. 

Dissitiflori  p.  8.  •     , 

Eastern  and  Atlantic  Region  pp.  37,  39. 
Eastern  Great  Basin  Region  pp.  38,  39,  44. 
East  Humboldt  Region  p.  46. 
Ecology   p.    28. 

Effects  of  Ecological  Factors  p.  55. 
Eremiticus  p.  14. 
Eriocarpi  p.  11. 
Euastragalus  p.   13. 
Famelicus  p.  13. 
Flexuosi  pp.   11,   192. 
Galegiformes  pp.   8,   10,   246. 
Generic  Segragation  p.  15. 
Genetic  Relationship  p.  27. 
Gila  Region  p.  54. 

Geoprumnon  Rydberg,  Small's  Flora  S.   E.  U.  S.  616    (1903)    p.   16. 
crassicarpum  (Nutt.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  616  (1903) 

is  A.  crassicarpus. 
Mexicanum  (DC.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  616  (1903)  is 

A.    Mexicanus. 
pachycarpum    (T.   &  G.)    Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.   S.   E.  U.  S.  616 

(1903)    is  A.  crassicarpus. 
Plattense   (Nutt.)   Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  015    (1903) 

is  A.   Plattensis. 
succulcntum    (Rich.)    Rydberg  Torr.    Bull.   32    658    (1905)    is   A. 

crassicarpus. 
Tennessecnse  (Gray)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  616  (1903) 
is  A.  Tcnncsseensis. 
Green  River  Basin  pp.  39,  43. 
Group  Details  p.  IS. 
Hamosa  Medic  in  Vorles  Churpf.  Phys.  Ges.  2  376   (1787). 

atrata   (Watson)    Rydbeg  Torr.  Bull.  34  48    (1907)    is  A.  atratus. 
austrina  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  618,  1232    (1903)    is 

A.   Nuttallianus. 
atratiformis  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  48    (1907)    is  A.  straturensis 

Jones, 
calycosa  (Torr.)  Rydberg  Ton-.  Bull.  40  50  (1913)  is  A.  calycosus. 
leptocarpa  (T.  &  G.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  J.  S.  017  (I'JO  ,') 

is  A.  leptocarpus. 
Lindheimeri   (Eng.)   Rydberg  in  Fmall's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  017   (11)0  ]) 

is  A.   Lindheimeri. 
macilenta    Rydberg  in    Small's  Fl.   S.    E.   U.   S.    617    (1903)    is  A. 
leptocarpus. 


Nuttalliana   (DC.)   Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  618   (1903) 

is  A  Nuttallianus. 
scaposa  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659  (1905)  is  A.  calycosus 

var. 
Hamosi   p.    253. 
Hesperastragalus  Heller  Muhl.  2   86    (1906). 

compactus  Heller  Muhl.  2  218   (1906)   is  A.  dispermus. 
didymocarpus  (H.  &  A.)   Heller  Muhl.  2  87   (1905)   is  A.  didymo- 

carpus. 
Gambellianus  (Sheldon)  Heller  Muhl.  2  87  (1905)  is  A.  nigrescens. 
Homalobi  pp.  11,  18,  65. 
Homalobus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  353  (1838). 

aboriginorum  (Rich.)   Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  246   (1900)   is  A.  aborig- 

inum. 
aboriginum    (Rich.)    Rydberg  in  Britton's  Man.   554    (1901)    is  A. 

aboriginum. 
acerbus   (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  666   (1905)  is  A.  Dod- 

geanus. 
aculeatus  (Nelson)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  249  (1900)  is  A,  m«ntanus 

var. 
Bourgovii  (Gray)   Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  247   (1900)  is  A.  Bourgovii. 
Californicus   (Gray)   Heller  Muhl.  2  86   (1905)  is  A.  Californicus. 
brachycarpus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352   (1838)  is  A.  simplicifo- 

lius  var. 
caespitosus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352   (1838)   is  A.  simplicifolius 

var. 
campestris  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  351   (1838)   is  A.  campestris. 
camporum  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  666   (1905)  is  A.  campestris. 
canescens  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352  (1838)  is  A.  simplicifolius  var. 
Clementis  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31  563   (1904)   is  A.  Labradoricus 

var. 
collinus  (Dougl.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  53  (1913)  is  A.  collinus. 
curvicarpus   (Sheldon)   Heller  Muhl.  2  86    (1905)    is  A.  Missouri- 

ensis. 
dcbilis   (Nutt.)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  53    (1913)   is  A.  debilis. 
decumbcns  (Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352  (1838)  is  A.  campestris  var. 
decumbens   (Nutt.)   in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352   (1838)   is  A.  campestris 
decurrens  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31  563  (1904)  is  A.  campestris  var. 
dispar  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  350  (1838)   is  A.  tenellus. 
divergens    (Blankenship)    Rydberg  Torr.    Bull.    34    417    (1907)    is 

A.  campestris  var. 
Dodgeanus  (Jones)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52  (1913)  is  A.  Winga- 

tensis  var. 
Episcopus  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  53   (1913)  is  A.  Epis- 

copus. 
exilifolius   (Nelson)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52   (1913)   is  A.  sim- 
plicifolius var. 
Fendleri  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  667  (1905)  is  A.  flexuosus 

var. 
filipes  (Torr.)   Heller  Muhl.  2  86   (1906)   is  A.  stenophyllus. 
grallator  (Watson)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  666  (1905)  is  A.  Hay- 

denianus. 
flexuosus   (Hook.)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  666   (1905)   is  A.  flexu- 
osus. 
Hallii  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  667   (1905)  is  A.  gracilentus 

var. 
hylophilus  Rydberg  F.  Mont.   247    (1900)    is  A.  campestris  var. 
junceus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  351   (1838)  is  A.  junceus. 
junciformis  (Nelson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  666  (1905)  is  junceus 

var. 
lancearius   (Gray)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52    (1913)   is  A.  lance- 

arius. 
lingulatus  (Sheldon)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52  (1913)  is  A.  sim- 
plicifolius. 


a? 


macrocarpus    (Gray)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.   32    667    (1905)    is   A. 

lonchocarpus. 
miser  (Dougl.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  .52  (1913)  is  A.  miser, 
montanus  (Nutt.)   Britton  &  Br.  Fl.  2  306  (1897)  is  A.  montanus. 
multiflorus  (Pursh)  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  3.51  (1838)  is  A.  tenellus. 
nitrrescens  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  351    (1838)  is  A.  tenellus. 
oblongifolius  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  50    (1907)   is  A.  campestris. 
orthocarpus  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  F\.  1  351  (1838)  is  A.  junceus  var. 
Palliseri   (Gray)   Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  248    (1900)   is  A.  campestris 

var. 
proximiis  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  667  (1905)  is  A.  Wingatensis  var. 
Salidae  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  667    (1905)   is  A.  campestris. 
serotinus   (Gray)    Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  248    (1900)   is  A.  campestris 

var. 
simplicifolius  (Nutt.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52  (1913)  is  A.  sim- 

plicifolius. 
stenophyllus  (T.  &  G.)  Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  249  (1900)  is  A.  steno- 

phyllus. 
strigosus  (C.  &  F.)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  53   (1913)   is  A.  cam- 
pestris var. 
tenellus  (Pursh)  Britton  &  Br.  Fl.  2  305   (1897)  is  A.  tenellus.     ■ 
tenuifolius  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  352  (1838)  is  A.  campestris  var. 
vexiliflexus  (Sheldon)   Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  249   (1900)  is  A.  pauci- 

florus. 
Wingatensis    (Watson)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   31   563    (1904)    is  A. 

Wingatensis. 
Wolfii  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  31  562   (1904)   is  A.  montanus. 
Hypoglottidei  p.  8. 
Hypoglottidens  p.  14. 
Hypoglottides  p.   109. 
Incani  p.  8. 
Inflati   pp.   11,    91. 
Jonesiella  Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32  661    (1905). 

asclepiadoides    (Jones)    Torr.  Bull.   32   661    (1905)    is  A.  asclepia- 
doidcs. 
Kcntrophyta  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  353   (1838)  p.  16. 

aculcata   (Nelson)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665   (1905)   is  A.  mon- 
tanus var. 
impcnsa  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665   (1905)  is  A.  mon- 
tanus var. 
montana  Nutt.  in  T.'  &  G.  Fl.  1  353   (1838)   is  A.  montanus. 
tcgetaria  (Watson)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  52   (1913)  is  A.  mon- 
tanus var. 
viridis  Nutt.  in  T..  &  G.  Fl.  1  353   (1838)   is  A.  montanus. 
Wolfii  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665   (1905)  is  A.  montanus  var. 
Key  to  Groups  p.  61. 
Lanocarpus  p.  13. 
Leptocarpi  p.  12. 
Life  Zones  p.  30. 
Local  Floras  p.   41. 
Lonchocarpi  pp.   11,   250. 
Lotiflori    pp.    10,    175. 

Lower  Temperate  Life  Zone,  pp.  31,  38,  50,   51,   52. 
Malaci   p.    225. 

Mexican  Plateau  pp.  38,  39,  40,  44. 
Micranthi,    pp.    9,    272. 
Microcystei  p.  11. 
Microphacos  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  663   (1905)  p.  16. 

gracilis    (Nutt.)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.   32   GG'A    (1905)    is  A.  parvi- 

florus. 
microlobus  (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  663    (1905)   is  A.  par- 
viflorus. 


^S 


parviflorus    (Pursh)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51    (I'Jlo)    is  A.  par- 
viflorus. 
Microlobi   p.    14. 

Middle  Temperate  Life  Zone  pp.   31,  34,  48. 
Mog-ollon  Region  pp.  38,  4G. 
Mojave-Colorado  Region  p.  44. 
Mojave   Region  p.  40. 
Mollissimi  pp.  9,  230. 
Montana-Idaho-Wyoming  Region   p.    37. 
Morphology  p.  4. 
Navajo  Basin  p.  41. 
New  England  Region   p.   47. 
New  Mexican  Region  p.  47. 
Nomenclature  p.   59. 
Northern  Plains  Region  p.   43. 
Ocreati  pp.   10,  239. 
Ochroleuci  p.  8. 
Onix  Medic,   in   Vorles  Churpf.   Phys.   Ges.   2   378    (1787). 

Mulfordse    (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  51    (1913)   is  A.  Mul- 
fordas. 
Onobrychoidei,  pp.  8,  9. 
Onobrychoides  p.   10. 
Oocarpi  p.   11. 

Oregon-Washington-Coast  Region  p.   44. 
Oroboidei   p.    10. 
Orophaca  Britton  in  Br.  &  Br.  Fl.  2  306   (1897). 

aretioides    (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32   668    (1905)    is  A.  se- 
ricoleucus  var. 

caespitosa    (Nutt.)    Britton  in   Br.   &   Br.  Fl.  2   306    (1897)    is  A. 
triphyllus. 

sericea    (Nutt.)    Britton  in   Br.   &  Br.  Fl.   2   307    (1897)    is  A.  se- 
ricoleucus. 

tridactylica    (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  668    (1905)   is  A.  se- 
ricoleucus  var. 
Pacific  Coast  Region  p.  41. 
Pacific   Slope   Region   p.    41. 
Pachyphyllus    p.    14. 
Pectinati   p.    11. 
Phaca  L.  p.   11. 

aboriginum  (Rich.)  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  143   (1830)  is  A.  aborig- 
inum. 

adsurgens   (Pail.)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  372    (1906)   is  A.  adsurgens. 

agrestis  (Dougl.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  372  (1906)  is  A.  agrestis. 

alpina   (L.)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  371   (1906)   is  A.  Andinus  Nutt. 

alpina  L.    755    (1753)    is  A.   alpinus   Sheldon. 

ampuilaria    (Watson)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    40    47    (1913)    is    A. 
ampuUarius. 

Andina  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  345   (1838)   is  A.  Andinus. 

annua  Geyer  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  6  213    (1847)   is  A.  Geyeri. 

argophylla  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  342  (1838)  is  A.  triphyllus. 

arrecta   (Gray)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  370    (1906)   is  A.  arrectus. 

Artemisiarum    (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.    40   48    (1913)    is  A. 
Beckwithii. 

artipes  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  664  (1905)  is  A.  oophorus. 

astragalina  DC.  Ast.  52   (1802)   is  A.  Andinus. 

Beckwithii  (T.  &  G.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  371   (1906)  is  A.  Beckwithii. 

bisulcata  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  145   (1834)   is  A.  bisulcatus. 

Bodini  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665   (1905)  is  A.  debilis. 

brachycarpa   (Nutt.)   Britton  Mem.  Torr.  Club  5  200   (1894)   is  A. 
simplicifolius. 

caespitosa  Nutt.  Gen.  2  98   (1818)   is  A.  triphyllus. 

Canadensis    (L.)    MacMillan  Metasperm.   325    (1892)    is  A.   Cana- 
densis. 


^ 


candidissima  Benth.  Bot.  Sulph.  13   (1845)  is  A.  Magdalen». 
CanDolleana  H.  B.  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  6  495  (1824)  is  A.  triflorus. 
canescens  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  343  (1838)  is  A.  leucopsis, 
caryocarpa    (Ker)    MacMillan  Metasperm.  326   (1892)   is  A.  cras- 

sicarpus. 
cerussata    (Sheldon)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.   32   665    (1905)    is   A. 

trifloi'us. 
collina   (Dougl.)   Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  141   (1830)   is  A.  collinus. 
conjuncta  (Wat.)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  373   (1906)  is  A.  reventus  var. 
convallaria  (Greene)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  373  (1906)  is  A.  campestris. 
cretacea  Buckley  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Ser.  2  5  452   (1862)  is  A.  Mis- 

souriensis. 
Crotalariae  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  307   (1848)   is  A.  Crotalariae. 
Cusickii   (Gray)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  47   (1913)   is  A.  Cusickii. 
debilis  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  345  (1838)  is  A.  debilis. 
decumbens   (Nutt.)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  373   (1906)   is  A.  campestris. 
densifolia  Smith  in  Rees  Cycl.  27  No.  9   (1817)  is  A.  vestitus  var. 
digitata  Torr.  Frem.  Rep.  89   (1845)    is  A.  sericoleucus  var, 
Douglasii  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  346  (1838)  is  A.  Douglasii. 
Eastwoodae    (Jones)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    32    664    (1905)    is   A. 

Preussii  var. 
elatiocarpa    (Sheldon)    Rydberg   Tor.   Bull.   32   665    (1905)    is  A. 

lotiflorus. 
elegans  Hook.  Fl.   Bor.  Am.  1   144    (1830)    is  A.  elegans. 
elongata  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  140   (1830)   is  A.  flexuosus. 
fastidia  Kellogg  Hesperian  4  145    (1860)    is  A.  leucopsis  var. 
Fendleri  Gray  PI.  Fend.  36    (1849)    is  A.  flexuosus  var. 
flexuosa  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1   141    (1830)    is  A.  flexuosus. 
Franciscana   (Sheldon)    Heller  Muhl.  2  217    (1906)   is  A.  vestitus 

var. 
glabriuscula  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1  144  (1830)  is  A.  aboriginum  var. 
glareosa   (Dougl.)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  369   (1906)   is  A.  glareosus. 
gracilenta  Gray  PI.  Fend.  36   (1849)   is  A.  gracilentus. 
gracilis    (Nutt.)    MacMillan  Metasperm.   325    (1892)    is  A,   parvi- 

florus. 
Hoodiana  (Howell)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  373  (1906)  is  A.  reventus  var. 
Hookeriana  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  693   (1840)   is  A.  Hookerianus. 
humillima  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665   (1905)  is  A.  hu- 

millimus. 
Hypoglottis   (L.)   MacMillan  Metasperm.  324    (1892)   is  A.  Hypo- 
glottis, 
inepta    (Gray)    Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  246    (1900)   is  A.  lentiginosus. 
inflexa  (Dougl.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  369  (1906)  is  A.  inflexus. 
jejuna  (Watson)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48  (1913)  is  A.  jejunua. 
lentiginosa  (Dougl.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  368  (1906)  is  A.  lentiginosus. 
leptalea  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48   (1913)  is  A.  leptaleus. 
leucoloba   (Jones)   Heller  Muhl.  2  85    (1905)   is  A.  Purshii  var. 
leucophylla  (T.  &  G.)  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beech.  333  (1841)  is  A.  leuco- 

phyllus. 
leucopsis  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1   694   (1840)   is  A.  leucopsis. 
jongifolia  (Pursh)  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  346   (1838)  is  A.  pictus. 
lotiflora  (Hook.)  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  349  (1838)  is  A.  lotiflorus. 
Lyallii    (Gray)    Piper  Fl.   Wash.   370    (1906)    is  A.   Lyallii. 
macrocarpa  Gray  PI.  Fend  36   (1849)   is  A.  lonchocarpus. 
macrodon  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beech.  333   (1841)  is  A.  macrodon. 
megacarpa  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  343   (1838)   is  A.  megacerpus. 
microcystis  (Gray)    Rydberg  Fl.  Mont.  245    (1900)   is  A.  miser, 
misella   (Watson)    Piper  Fl.  Wash.  371    (1906)   is  A.  Howellii  var. 
misera  (Dougl.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  373   (1906)   is  A.  miser, 
mollis  H.  B.  K.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  6  494   (1824)  is  A.  Humboldtii. 
mollissima  Nutt.  in  T.   &  G.  Fl.   1  350    (1838)    is  A.   Purshii. 
Mortoni  (Nutt.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  372  (1906)  is  A.  Canadensis  var. 
neglecta  T.   &  G.  Fl.   1    344    (1838)    is  A.   neglectus. 


nigrcscens  Hook.  Fl.   Bor.   Am.   1    143    (18:50)    is  A.  tcncllus, 
Nuttallii  T.  &  G.  Fl.   1   34:5    (183S)   is  A.  vestitus  var. 
oxyphysa  (Gray)   Heller  Muhl.  2  86   (1905)  is  A.  oxyphysus. 
parviflora  Nutt.  in  T.   &   G.  Fl.   1   348    (1838)    is  A.   clegans. 
parvifolia  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  348   (1838)   is  A.  parviflorus. 
pauciflora  Nutt.  in  T.    &G.  Fl.  1  348  (1838)  is  A.  leptaleus. 
pcctinata  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.   1   141    (1830)    is  A.  pectinatus. 
picta  Gray  PI.  Fend.  37    (1849)  is  A.  pictus. 
Plattensis    (Nutt.)    MacMillan   Metasperm.  325    (1892)    is  A.  Plat- 

tensis. 
platytropis    (Gray)    Rydbcrp   Fl.    Mont.    240    (1900)    is   A.    platy- 

tropis. 
podocarpa  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1   142   (1830)   is  A.  sclerocarpus. 
Preussii   (Gray)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  47   (191-3)  is  A.  Preussii. 
pubentissima   (T.  &  G.)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48   (1913)   is  A. 

pubentissimus, 
Purshii  (Dougl.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash,  369  (1906)  is  A.  Purshii. 
pygmaea  Nutt,  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  349   (1838)  is  A.  pygmaeus. 
reventa  (Gray)  Piper  Fl,  Wash.  372  (1906)  is  A,  reventus. 

Var.  Canbyi  (Jones)  Piper  Fl,  Wash.  373  (1906)  is  A.  reventus. 
Reverchoni  (Gray)   Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S,  619  (1903) 

is  A,  lotiflorus. 
Robbinsii  Oakes  in  Hovey's  Mag.  7  181   (1841)  is  A.  Labradoricus 

var. 
sabulonum   (Gray)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  47   (1913)   is  A.  sabu- 

lonum, 
sericea  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1   343   (1838)   is  A.  sericoleucus. 
serotina  (Gray)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  374   (1906)  is  A.  campestris  var. 
sesquiflora  (Watson)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48   (1913)  is  A.  ses- 

quiflorus. 
Silerana  (Jones)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  47  (1913)  is  A.  Sileranus. 
simplicifolia  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  350  (1838)  is  A.  simplicifolius. 
sinuatus  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  370   (1906)   is  A.  Gibbsii. 
Spaldingii  (Gray)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  370   (1906)   is-A.  Spaldingii. 
speirocarpa  (Gray)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  370  (1906)  is  A.  speirocarpus. 
stenophylla    (T.  &   G.)    Piper  Fl.  Wash.   371    (1906)    is  A.  steno- 

phyllus. 
subcinerea    (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   40  47    (1913)    is  A.  sub- 

cinereus. 
succumbens    (Dougl.)   Piper  Fl.   Wash.  370    (1906)   is  A.  succum- 

bens. 
Suksdorfii   (Howell)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  369   (1906)   is  A.  Pulsiferje. 
Tejonensis  (Jones)   Heller  Muhl.  2  85    (1905)   is  A.  Douglasii  var, 
trochopoda  Nutt.  in  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1  343   (1838)  is  A.  trichopodus. 
triflora  DC.  Ast.  50   (1802)   is  A.  triflorus. 

triphylla  (Pursh)  Eat.  &  Wr.  Bot.  Ed.  8  351  (1840)  is  A.  triphyllus. 
Tweedyi   (Canby)   Piper  Fl.  Wash.  371    (1906)   is  A.  Tweedyi. 
vestita  Benth.  Bot.  Sulph.   13    (1844)    is  A.  vestitus. 
villosa  (Mx.)   Nutt.  Gen.  2  97   (1818)   is  A.  villosus  Mx. 
villosa  James  Cat.  186  (1825)   is  A.  mollissimus. 
viridis  (Nutt.)  Britton  Mem.  Torr.  Club.  5  201   (1894)  is  A.  mon- 

tanus. 
viridis  (Nutt.)  Piper  Fl.  Wash.  374  (1906)  is  A.  montanus. 
Wardi  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  47   (1913)   is  A.  Wardi 
Wetherilli  (Jones)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  665  (1905)  is  A.  Weth- 

erilli. 
Whitneyi  (Gray)  Heller  Muhl.  9  67  (1913)  is  A.  Hookerianus  var. 
Phacopsis  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  661   (1905)  p.  16 

Pattersoni   (Gray)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  661    (1905)   is  A    Pat- 

tersoni. 
praelongus    (Sheldon)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull   32   661    (1905)    is  A 

Pattersoni  var. 


scaphoides    (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   40   52    (1913)    is  A.  ar- 
rectus  var. 
Physondra  dispar  (Nutt.)   Raf.  Atl.  Jour.  145   (1832)  is  A.  tenellus. 

longifolia   (Pursh)   Raf.  Atl.  Jour.  145   (1832)   is  A.  pictus. 
Plains  Region  p.  39. 
Podo-sclerocarpi  pp.   8,   11,   142. 
Present    Revision    p.    17. 
Preussii  pp.   11,   152. 
Pubescence  p.  5. 
Purpurascentes  p.    8. 
Radiciflori  p.  8. 
Reflexi   p.   9. 

Reventi-Arrecti    pp.    12,    158. 
Rocky  Mountain  Region  p.  41. 
Rugocarpus  p.  14. 
Rydbergiella  Fedde  &  Sydow  Just.  Bot.  Jahresb.  33  pt.  1  534  (1903). 

Pattersoni  F.  &  S.  1.  c.  is  A.  Pattersoni. 

praclonga   (Sheldon)  F.  &  S.  1.  c.  is  A.  Pattersoni  var. 
Sarcocarpi  pp.  9,  236. 
Scytocarpi  p.   11. 
Seriocophyllus  p.    13. 
Sesamei  p.  8. 

Sierra  Region  pp.   38,   39,   46,   47. 
Siskiyou  Region  p.  44. 
Sparsiflori    p.    128. 
Spiesioider*  p.  13. 
Spruce    Zone    p.    47. 
St.    George  Region   p.   53. 
Strigulosi    p.    184. 
Succumbentes  p.   10. 
Synocreati  p.  8. 
Systems  of  Classification  p.  8. 
Terms  used   p.   3. 
Texan  Region  pp.  40,  44. 
Tium  Medic  in  Vorles  Churpf.  Phys.  Ges.  2  373    (1787)    p.  16. 

alpinum    (L.)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659    (1905)    is  A.  Andinus. 

arrectum  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49  (1913)  is  A.  arrectus. 

atropubescens   (C.  &  F.)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49   (1913)   is  A. 
arrectus. 

desperatum  (Jones)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  660  (1905)  is  A.  des- 
peratus. 

distortum  (T.  &  G.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  619  (1903) 
is  A.  distortus. 

Drummondii    (Dougl.)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32   659    (1905)    is  A. 
Drummondii. 

eremiticum    (Sheldon)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    40    49    (1913)    is  A. 
arrectus    var. 

intonsum  (Sheldon)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  619  (1903) 
is  A.  villosus. 

humistratum    (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.    Bull.    32    660    (1905)    is   A. 
humistratus. 

obcordatum   (Ell.)   Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  619   (1903) 
is   A.    obcordatus. 

racemosum   (Pursh)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  659   (1905). 

scopulorum    (Porter)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull,   32    659    (1905)    is  A. 
scopulorum. 

sparsiflorum    (Gray)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    32    660    (1905)    is    A. 
sparsitlorus. 

variegatum  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  47   (1907)   is  A.  sparsifloi'us. 
Topography  p.   58. 

Tragacantha.      All  the  species  of  Astragalus  not  in  Phaca  were  re- 
named   as  Tragacanthje   by   Kuntze   Rev.    Gen    2    (1891)    but 

31 


have  not  been  recognized.     This  useless  synonymy  is  not  re- 
peated  here. 
Tragacanthacei  p.   8. 
Tragacanthse  p.  8. 
Triphylli  pp.   12,   86. 
Scytocarpi  p.  11. 

Tropical  Life  Zone  pp.  31,  40,  53. 
Uinta  Region  p.   46. 
Uliginosi  pp.  9,  166. 

Upper  Temperate  Life  Zone  pp.  31,  32,  46. 
Vesicarii  p.  8. 
Wasatch  Region  p.  46. 

Xylophacos  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  619   (1903)  p.  17. 
amphioxys   (Gray)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662   (1905)   is  A.  am- 

phioxys. 
aragalloides  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  48  (1907)  is  A.  amphioxys. 
argophyllus  (Nutt.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  34  49   (1907)  is  A.  argo- 

phyllus. 
cibarius   (Sheldon)   Kydbcig  Torr.  Bull.  34  49   (1907)   is  A.  ciba- 

rius. 
coccineus   (Parry)    Heller  Muhl.  2  217   (1906)   is  A.  coccineus. 
consectus    (Sheldon)    Rydberg   Torr.    Bull.    40    49    (1913)    is   A. 

Purshii. 
cuspidocarpus   (Sheldon)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  48   (1913)   is  A. 

Missouriensis. 
cymboides   (Jones)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49    (1913)   is  A.  cym- 

boides. 
inflexus  (Dougl.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49   (1913)  is  A.  inflexus. 
Missouriensis   (Nutt.)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull,  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U. 

S.  620   (1903)   is  A.  Missouriensis. 
Musiniensis   (Jones)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49   (1913)  is  A.  Mu- 

siniensis. 
Newberryi  (Gray)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662  (1905)  is  A.  New- 

berryi. 
Parryi    (Gray)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.   32  662    (1905)    is  A.  Parryi. 
puniceus    (Osterhout)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32   662    (1905)    is  A. 

Missouriensis. 
Purshii  (Dougl.)  Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662  (1905)  is  A.  Purshii. 
pygniffius    (Nutt.)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662    (1905)    is  A.  pyg- 

mffius. 
Shortianus  (Nutt.)  Rydberg  in  Small's  Fl.  S.  E.  U.  S.  1332  (1903) 

is  A.  Shoi'tianus. 
Uintensis   (Jones)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  32  662    (1905)   is  A.  argo- 
phyllus. 
Utahensis   (Torr.)    Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49    (1913)   is  A.  Utah- 

ensis. 
vespertinus    (Sheldon)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   32   662    (1905)    is  A. 

amphioxys  var. 
Watsonianus    (Kuntze)    Rydberg  Torr.   Bull.   40   49    (1913)    is  A. 

Newberryi  var. 
Zionis    (Jones)   Rydberg  Torr.  Bull.  40  49    (1913)    is  A.  Zionis. 


INDEX  TO  PLATES. 


Index  to  Plate* 
oborig'num.  27. 

Var.  glabriusculus.  27. 
Var.  fastigiorum.  27.  Type.  *'a"  fresh, 
arcidens.   39,    76 

Var.  Pacificus  (Hendersoniil.  39,  76.  (pruniformis)   76. 
flcciimbens.  28. 
acutirostris.  69  *^'a"  fresh, 
«d?nus.  37.  Type, 
adsurgens.   See   nitidus. 

aj^restis.    40.   "c"    Hypoglottis    from    Europe.      **a"    fresh    from    Wells    Nev, 
"d"  lateral  view,  "e"  vejstral  view, 

Var.  polyspermus.  40. 

Var.  bracteatug,  41. 
albens.  66. 
arorhrous.  17. 
rlpinus.  27.  72. 
Alvordensis.   29.  Type. 
Aniericanas.  27, 

amphioxys.   50.   "a"    San   Rafael    Swell    Utah,   "b"    and   "c"    Calientc   Nev. 
"d"  Good  Springs  Nev.  "e"  hair.  51. 

Var.  vespertinus.  51. 

Var.  eymbellus.  51.  *'a"  fresh. 
Pinph'oxys-Layneae.   57. 
ampullarius.  33. 

AiKlersoni.  66.  "a"  Reno  Nev.  "b"  Inyo  Co.  Calif, 
andinus.  28.  "a"   Colorado,   Baker, 
Angelinus.   71.  Type, 
in'sus.  60.  Tyne. 
Antiselli.  2. 

Var.  phoxus.  2.  Type, 
Antoninus.  44. 
argi.losus.    62.   Type,   "a"    fresh    from    San    Rafael    Swell    Utah,   "b"    fresh 

from  Grand  Junction  Colorado, 
argorhyllus.  46. 

Var.    castanaeformis.    47. 

Var.    Cnicensis.    47.   "a"    fresh.    Type, 

Var.  Martini.  47.  Type. 

Var.  Panguicensis.  47.  Type. 

Var.  pehragnienus.  47.  Type. 
argophyllus-Purshii.  47. 
ai  gophyllus— Utahensis.  46.  Type, 
arfdus.  9.  "a"  fresh,  right  hand  one  from  Yuma  Ariz. 
Aiizonicus.  65. 
ar.e^ius.  37.  "a"  fresh  from  Anaconda  Mont. 

Var.  Leibergi.  37.  Type. 


er-mi-ifus.  37.  ''a"  fresh  from  Chloride  Arz. 

Var.  Palousensis.  37.  "a"  fresh  from   Pulhnaji  W;ifh, 

Var.  remotus.  38.  Type,  "a"  fresh. 

Var.  scaphoides.  38.  Type. 
Var.  Spencianus.  38.  Type. 

Var. Wei?er  Idaho. 

Arthur!.  67.  Type. 

a  clrpiaclftuks.  34.  Type,  "a"  fresh.  75. 

atratus.  41. 

Var.  mensanus.  41.  Type.  '• 

Var.   phyllophorus.   41.  Type. 

Var.  O-.vyheensis.  41.  Type. 
Austinae.  41.  76. 
Beckwithii.  22.  "a"  fresh  from  Marysyale  Utah. 

Var.  purpureus.  22.  Type,  "a"  fresh.  , 

Var.  Weiserensis.  23.  Type.  72. 
B  rnardinus.  65.  Type, 
bicri  tatus.  31. 

Var.   telrapteroides.  32.  Type,  ''a"  fresh.  ^ 

hbentawts.   43.   Figure   copied   from   type.  ^ 

Bigelovii.  58. 

Var.  Thompsonae.  58.  "a"  fresh  from  Green  River  Utah.  '%'  fresh  froni 
Moab   Utah.  * 

Vr-r.  Mat- hewsii.  58. 
hisii'c^tus.  63.  "a"   (bilateralis).   ''L"   (tJocalvans). 
Bolanderi.  38. 

Bourgovii.  8.  Flathead  Lake  Mont. 
Brandegei.  42.  Ferron  Utah. 

BraunJoni.  41.  Type.  > 

Brazrtensis.  71. 
Br  weri.   71. 

Ci'lifornicus.  2.  "a"  from  Ager  Calif.  Brandegee.  77. 
calyc^sus.  65.  "a"  fresh  from  Vermillion  Utah. 

Var.  scaposus.  65. 
cam'-estris.  3.  '^a",  "b",  "d"  intermediate  forms. 

Var.  crispatus.  2.  Type. 

V-r.   decumbens.   2.  "a"    (tenuifolius). 

\nr.  hylophilus.  3. 

Var.  serotinus.  3. 
Canfd-nsis.  39.  "a"'  fresh  from  Omaha  Neh. 

Vr^r.  Carolinianus.  39. 

Var.  Mortoni.  40.  "c"  fresh  from  Contact  Nev. 
ra' illipes.  18.  Type, 
c  nonis.  32.  Type,  "a"  fresh.  74. 
Ca^ei.  30,  73. 
Chapalanus.  70,  Type. 
cibarius.45.  "a"   fresh  from   Mun<\    Nev.   "W   fresh   from    Marysvale   Utatt* 

"c"  fresh  from  Clear  Creek  Canon  Utah. 
Cimensis.  38.  "a"  dorsal  view,  "b'  ventral  view, 
circumdatus.  28.  Type,  72. 
Cleveland!.  71. 
Coahuilae.  65.  Type, 
Ccbrensis.  42. 
corcineus.  52. 

c.illinus.  28,  29.  "a"  fresh  from  Orcville  Wash.  73. 
Coltoni.    1.    Type.  < 

Var.  aphyllus.  1.  Type.  • 

Var.  Moabensis.  1.  "b"  narrow  leaflet,  "c"  broad  leaflet, 
confertiflorus.   62.  -^ 

Var.  flaviflorus.  62.  "a"  fresh  from  Price  Utah. 


Coiigfloni.  ''6. 

(  ottoni.  27.  Type. 

Craigi.  22.  Type. 

crass-carpus.  60.  "b"'  fresh  from  Minnesola.  "c"  fresh  from  Deer  Lodge  Mont, 

Var.  pachycarpus.  61. 
Crot  lariae.  13,  14.  "a"  reproducetl  Kew  tracing  from  type, 
curtipes.  19. 
Ciisickii.  17. 

cysnboides.  50.  Type,  "a"  fresh. 

desperatiis.   45.   Type,    "a"    fresh    from    San   Rafael    Svell    Utah,    "b"'    freah 
from  Moab  Utah. 

Var.  petrophilus.  45.  Type, 
detritalis.  5.  Type, 
(lul'.mocarpus.  71. 
dli'hacus.  71. 

Var.  peonis.  71.  Type, 
dispermus.   71.   "a"   fresh   from   Victorville   Calif,   "b"   Borrego    Spr.   Calif, 
dislortus.  64. 

Vsr.  Engelroamii.  65. 
durnus.  8. 
Douglasii.   16. 

Var.   glaberrinuis.   15.  Tjpe. 

Var.  Parishil.  16. 

Var.  piscinjis.  72.  Type. 

Var.  Tejonensis.   16.  Type. 

Var. "a"   Dripp'ng   Sprg.   Calif,  "b"   San  Pedro   Martir.   L.  Calif. 

dr  panolobus.  66. 

C  umniondii.  64.  "a"  fresh  from   Anaconda   Mont. 

Duchesnensis  64.  "a"   fresh.  Type. 

Var.  curtiflorus.  26.  34. 
ensifoiniis.  56.  Type. 
Episcopus.  4.  From  the  Kaibab  Ariz. 
Esperanzae.  70.  Type. 
Etirekenis.  52.  Type,  "a"  fresh. 
Fcensis.  56.  Type. 
Ocxuosiis.  43. 

Var.  Diehlii.  43.  "b"  fredi  fro;n  Black  Mt.  Utah,  "a  '  fresh  from  Farndc^e 
ham  Utah. 

Var.  elongatus.  43. 
Francisquitensis.  67.  Type. 

Var.  Lagunensis.  67.  Type, 
Fuiiereus.  53.  "a"  Funeral   Ivlts.,  fresh,  "b"   and  "bb"  Charleston  Mts,  Cal. 
Geyeri.  9.  "a"  fresh  from  Ssn  Rafael  Swell  Utah. 
Gibbsii.  29. 

Var.  curvic,     ws.  29.  "a"'  fresh  from  Carson  City   Nev.  "b"  fresh  from 
Umatilla  Oregon, 
giganteus.  59. 

Var.  Yaquianus.   59. 
Ci1"nsis.  6.  Type, 
gl  ber.  65. 

(fOlJmanni.  70.  Type. 
Gormnni.  26.  Type- 
graiilentus..  44. 

Var.  exstr.us.  44.  Type.  ' 

Var.  f  .llax.  44.  ) 

Var.  Hallii.  44. 
Grayi.  30.  73. 
Greggii.  69. 
Gunlamalensis.  43. 

Var.  Oaxacanus.  43. 


V 


H^rtwegi  ^?'"'■  ^^'  "^"  ^'""'"  ^^'^*^''^'  ^^«^''-  "^"  f"-"-'  Oaxaca  Mex.  Type. 
Haydenianus.  62.  63  "b"  (var.  Nevadensis).  V  (grallator) 
Hcokerianus.   18. 

Var.  Whitneyi.  18. 
Hornii.   10. 

Var.   Bahaeensis.   10 
Howcllii.   66. 

Var.  misellus.  66,  67. 
Hnin'>oldtii.  59. 
1  uniilliimi:^.  6. 
lumi-^traUis.  6.  "a"'  fresh. 

Var.  Ilosackiae.  9. 

Var.  Sonorae.  9.  i 

Var.  tenerrimus.  6.  Type. 
1  yn.linus.  7.  Type.  :    i 

H\poglottis.  See  agrestis.  '. 

hypoleucus.  70 
hypoxylus.  70. 
I  ^Tpensis.  42.  Type, 
inflexus.  54.  "a"  fresh  from  Riverside  Wash.  ,     , 

V;tr.   glareosus.   54. 
insu'aris.  10. 

Var.   Pondii.   10. 

Var.  Quentinus.  10.  Type, 
-nversus.  2.  Type.  77. 

I"yoengis.67.  "a"  near  base,  "b"  near  tip. 
iodanthus.  45.  "a"'  fresh   from  Reno  Nev. 
,i-^junus.  17. 
Julianus.  9.  Type. 
junc"us.  3.  All  cross  sections  fresh.  / 

V-ir.  attenuatus.  4.  Type. 

Var.  orthorarpus.  3.   ("diversifolius"). 
Kaibensis.  64.  Type. 
Lc'br-dorifus.  26,  27. 

Var.  Robbinsii.  27. 

Var.  occidentalis.  27.  "a"  fresh,  "d"  from   Brande;;'  e   Colo, 
l-ncearius.  4.  "h  '  fresh  from  San  Rafael  Swell  Utah. 
La^neae  57.  "a"  fresh  from  Chloride  Ariz. 
Lemmoni.  69. 
lentiformis  69. 
lenriglnosus.  80. 

Var.  albifolius.  23.  Type. 

Var.   Borreganus.  25.  Type. 

Var.   carinatus.  24. 

Var.  C.iulteri.  25  "a"  fresh  from  Tehachapi  Calif. 

Var.  diaphanus.  23. 

Var.  diphysus.  24.  "d"  Anaconda  Mont,  "a"  Auniin  Nev.  "d"  fresh  from 
Thurber  Utah,  "aa"  (chartarens).  25. 

Var.  Frcmonti.  25.  "a"  fresh   from   Victorville  Calif. 

Var.  Idricnsis.  24.  Type.  72. 

Var.    ineptus.  23.   '*b"    (floribundus). 

Var.  latus.  24.  Type. 

Var.   MacDoiigali.  23. 

Var.  Mokiacensis.  25. 

Var.  nigricalycis.  23.  Type,  24. 

Var.  palans.  25.  Type  "a"  fresh   from  Moab   Utah. 

Var.  Sierrae.  23.  Type. 

Var.   srorpionis.   24.   Type.  •  i 

Var.  Yuccanus.  26.  Type.  J 


I"r>^->lcus.   8.   Flathead  Lake   Mont. 
]:-ucophylhis.  18,  19. 

leiicoBsis.  19.  ' 

Var.  brarhvpus  20. 
Var.  fastiilius.   19. 
Var.  lonchus.  19.  Type. 
Vmatus.  33,  34,  74. 
Lindheimeri.  67. 
lonchocarpus.  64.  "a"  fresh  from   Price  Ul?h.  "b"'   fresh  from  Moab   Utah. 

"c"  fresh  from  San   Rafael  Swell  Utah, 
lotiflorus.   28. 

Var.  Revorchoni.  28. 
Intos'.is.  20.  Type. 
Lu's'-nus.   69.  Type. 
Lyaliii.  41. 

Var.   curifinns.   41.  Type, 
ni-crodcn.   14,   If). 
Mai'rcnsis.  69.  Type. 
Ma^dalenae.   13. 
n:.tla^i3s.  57.  "a"  fresh  from  Reno   Nev. 

Var.  obfaloatus.  57. 
niCffacarpus.   20. 

Var.  Parryi.  21. 
inetaniis.  9.  Type. 
IMex'canus.  61. 
M""uelensis.  13,  14. 
militaris.  70.  Type. 
rn  er.  8.  "a"  fresh. 
Missouriensis   50.  "a"   fresh   from   Fort   Steele  Wyo. 

Var.  ciispldocarpus.  50. 
l^Toenioppensis.    62.    Tvpe. 

M-havensis.  28.  "a"  fresh   from    Charleston  Mts.  Nev.   72. 
mo'lssunus.  59. 
montanrs.  5. 

Var.  Ccloradoensis.  5.  Type. 
Var.  impensus.  5. 
Var.  rotundus.  5.  Type. 
Var.  tegetarius.  5. 
Var.  ujifiulatus.  5.  Type, 
^'u'fordae.  67.  Type. 
Miisiuenpis.  49.  "a"  and  "'  "  fresh  from  San  Rafael  Swell  Utah. 

Var.  laccoliticus.  49.  Type. 
'1  frleitus.  40. 
M  vinii.  66. 

Newberryi.  51.  "b"  fresh   from  Marysvale  Utah. 
Var.   castoreus.   52.,   Type. 

Var.    Watsonianus.s    52    "a"    fresh    from    Aurum   Nev.    "b"    fresh    from 
Muncy. 
ni  rcscens.   71. 
i.jlidus.   40.  'a''   fresh   fr-^-n   Anaconda   Mont,  "b"   adsurgens   from  Europe. 

Laxmanni  from  Europe, 
ro-hoxys.  12.  Type.  69, 
nnt-ns.   12.  Type. 

NuU^ilianus.  68.  "a"  din:    »>    nom  v^Klahoma. 
Var.   Cedrosensis.   68. 
Var.  leptocarpiodes.  68.  Type. 
Var.  quadrilateralis.68.  Type, 
o' cordatus.   26, 

obscurus.  41.  "a"  fresh  from  Reno  Nev. 
o-caJycis.  63.  Type, 
oocarpus.  14.  S*^ 


copV-orus.  21.  '*a"  fre-li  from  Krimmoth   Utah. 

y^r.  caulescens.  22.  Fresh  Type. 

Var.  artipps.  22. 
Orcrttianus.  65.  "a"  fresh   from  Victorsille  Calif- 

Var.   GreporiRnus.  66.  Type, 
'^r-ffnnus.  39.  "a"  a  hair. 
Or'z"bae.  59.  60.  ... 

Va-.  Irol^nus.  60. 
ortliontlius    60. 
O frhouti.  64.  Type. 

oxyrhysus.  18.  -     -.  -h 

oxvrhynrhus.    70. 

'^'ichypijs.  32.  "a"  fresh  from  Bealvllle  Calif,  "b"  dry. 
P^-'nteri.  43.  Tvpe. 
Pilmeri.    10. 
PRnamintcnsis.   42. 
P^rrM-.  56. 
par\nnorii«.    43. 

Var.  microlobus.  43.  "a"  Hall  and  Harbour  material. 
T>'?rvus.  69. 
Pifqualensis.  3. 

Pattersoni  35.  "a"  from  type,  "b"  fresh  from  Price  Utah,  "c*'  froirl 
Milford  Utah. 

V-?r.  procerus.   35. 

V  r.  35.  "a"  fresh  from  Price  Utah. 

pauciflorus.  8. 
pcct'"atus.  30. 

Var.   plntyrhvllus.   30.  Type. 
P''o»nici«.  59.  Type 
pictrs.  12. 

Var.  filiformis.  12. 

V^r.  mafrnus.  12.  Type, 
p'nf^nis.  44.  Type. 

rlattensis.  61.  "a"  fresh  from  Oklahoma.  62. 
p'^lytrop>s.  42.  "a"  fresh,  ' 

T>olaris.   7. 
P-^mononsis,  13.  15. 

»^orrectus.  2.   From  near  Reno  Nev.   73. 

Pr  usjii.  32.  "a"  frpsh  from  Las  Vestas  Nov.  "aa"  from  Lee's  Ferry  Ariz, 
"b"  from  Borrego  Spr.  Calif,  "c"  dry.  "cc''  fresh  from  San  Rafael 
S'vell  Utah. 

Var.  Eastw-oodae  33.  Tvne.  'V"  florsal  side,  "b"  ventral  side,  "a"  fresh 
from    Thompson's    Spr.    Utah. 

V^r.   l-^xiflorus.    74. 
P  mdei.  69. 
p-r,»iferns.  9.  Type. 
P'lrletProcarpus.  31.  73. 

nnbentJssimus.   8.  "a"  fresh  from  near  Green   River  Utah. 
PueV,<lelelae.  69. 

Pul  iferae.  8.  From  near  Chat  Calif. 
Pnrpusi.  71.  Type. 
Pur^bii.  55. 

Var.  interior.  55.  Type. 
Var.  lonpilobus.   55   Type. 

Var.  leucolobus.  55.  Type. 

Var.  lectulus.  56. 

Var.  tinctus.   56.   Lower   cross   sections   from   Clear   Crl   Cannon   Utah. 
Last  one  from  Aurum  Nev.  Type, 
pychnostachyus.  10.  "a"  and  "b"  fresh  from  Los  Angeles  Calif. 


ryamaetis.  49.  "a"  fresh,  "c"  inner  skin,  "d"  outer  skin, 
qiii'queflorus.   7.  Zacatecas  Mex. 
raceniosus.  63. 

Var.  brevisetus.  63. 
Var.  long;i?etus.  63. 
R:!fae'ensis.  30.  Tvpe.  Fresh. 
R  ttani.  68. 

refurvus.   42.  ; 

deflexiis.   71. 
rtmulcus.  48.  Type.  i 

Var.  Chloridae.   48.  Type,  "a"   fresh 
rrptans.  43,  77. 
revcntiis.  36. 

Var.   conjuctus.   36.  "a''   from   Leiberg. 
Rosei.   43.  Type. 

sabii?onum.  9.  "a"   from   Chloride   Ariz, 
'abulosus.  36.  "a"  fresh  from  Moab  Utah.  75. 
Srilmonis.  41.  Type,  ''a"  fresh. 
Sal'onis.  70.  Type. 
Lcalai  is.  II.  Type.  ' ' 

Var.    quercetiniis.   II.   "a"    fresh.   Type. 
S'J'affneri.  69.  Type.  70.  "a"  from  Sin   Luis  Potosi  Mex. 
sclerocarpus.    31.   "a"    fresh    from    UmatiHa    Oregon.    74. 
Fcopulorum.  63.  "a"  fresh  from  Tliistle  Utah. 
S-atoni.   70.  Type. 
S  r  noi.  32. 
sericoldeleucus.  6.  Type. 

Var.  aretioides.  6.  Type. 
Var.  tridactylicus.   6. 
fosquiflorus.  6.  Kanab   Utah. 
serntns.  II.  Type. 

Shockleyi.  74.  Type.  > 

S  .or!ianus.  45,  47.  "a''  fresh, 

Var.  cyaneiis.  46.  ' 

Silersnus.  44.  Type. 

Var.  cariacus.  44.  Type, 
sim»^licifolius.  5. 

V<?r.  caespitosus.  5. 
Var.  spatulatus  "a''.  5. 
FopVoroides.   62.  Type. 

Spaldingii.  41.  "a"  fresh  from  Baker  City  Oregon. 
s;ar  i'"lorus.  26. 

Var.   majusculus.   26. 
speirocarpus.  29. 

£1  nophyllus.    I.   Weiser   Idaho,   "a"    (filipes)    from    Blackfoot    Idaho, 
sl'puluris.  45. 
s  raturensis.  42. 

slrigul  oisus.  42.  "a"  fresh  from  Arz.  (Rusbyi).  77. 
Var.    gracilis.    42. 
Var.  brevidentatus.  42. 
sulrcincreus.   IT.   "a"   Willow   ?pr.   Ariz.    17. 
fuccunibens.  57,  58.  ">"  '^"^^  from  Umatilla  Oregon, 
sylvaticus.   66.  "a"   f-*  "^resh. 

t  (letTrioides.   7.  Type, 
tencllus.  I.  "a"  from  British  Columbia,  Macoiin.  "b"  from  Sprucemont  Nev. 

"c"   from   Green   River   Woy. 
tener.  68. 

Var.    Brucae.    68.    Type. 

Var.   Rattanoides.   68.  Type.  J\ 

Tcnncsseensis.  62. 


tetran'erus.  31.  "a"  dry.  "b"  fresh  from  Battle  Mt.  Nev. 

Var.    reventoides    39. 
tci>hrodes.  48,  49.  "a"'  fresh  from  Socorro  New  Mex. 
tcrminalis.  39.  "a"  characteristic   hair. 

Var.    Capricornus.    31.    Type,    "a"    dry.    "b"    fresh,    "c"    ventral    view; 
"d**  dorsal  view. 
Thurberi.  10. 
Toanus.  29.  Type,  "a"  fresh  from   Contact   Nev.   "b"   fresh   from   Burbank 

Utah   73. 
Tolucanus.  43.  Type. 
Traskiae.  67.  Type, 
tr'carinatus.  65. 

tiichcpodus.  18.  "a"  fresh  from  Bakersfield  Calif, 
triflorus.  10.  San  Rafael  Swell   Utah.   II.  "a"  fresh 

Var.    cerussatus.    II. 

Var.  playanus.   II.   Type, 
triphyllus.   7. 
triquetrus.  22. 
t'-oglodytus.  62. 
Tweedyi.  28,  73. 
Utahensis.  52,  54.  "a"  fresh  from  Salt  Lake  City,  "b*'  fresh  from  Marysvale 

Utah, 
vaccarum.  70 
vallaris.  38.  Type, 
Vaseyi.  9, 
vestitus.  12, 

Var.  Franciscanus.  13. 

Var,  Menziesii.  12, 
tUIosus,  26. 

Wardi,  II.  Monroe  Utah, 
Wcbberi,  44, 
Wetherilli.  17.  Ty^e.  72. 
Wingatensis,  I. 

Var,  Dovlgeanus,  I,  "c"  fresh  cross  section,  "d"  (acerbus)   from  Grand 
Junction  Col,  "e"  (acerbus),  "f  (proximus)  Glenwood  Spr,  Col. 
Woodruff i.   4.  Type,   "a"   fresh. 
Wrightii.  68, 
Yukonis,   7.   Type. 
Zicnis.  47.  Type.  '  ,^ 

ADDENDA. 

bicristatus  var,  tetrapteroides  78 
Cimensis  78 

Pattersoni  var.  procerus  78 
Zionis  78 


4a 


/  '3 


II  ,. 


(f) 


/ff' 


f.^'^^<^  ^^- 


f  1(e) 


'LO 


2-;i> 


(2-i) 


Cl^) 


(  V) 


(33) 


M7 


iQJ 


V^.  ^oj^I^:^^, 


*.1^t^,^  vt-«-v^ 


^ 

r^ 

ty"* 

u 

■■'.1/ 

Q 

6D 

J 

M.,: 

£ 

jIKJ^^Uauj 


u^f 


'i^]'^ 


/-  -.1    ^    -L 


.-4y    A  -L 


^w 


V>.4.A,^1. 


C^M 


(i'<r) 


( h'7) 


tJf|r< 


Kh"if 


(^l) 


ttt  y   X,    i_ 


(^l) 


(^M  "«  C..»do»l  Xjf 


.\f^^ 


'^  r?  I*- 


/       ^  ,  23,5  I.in.il,, 


^^2i^        Q 


?  ^ 


V 


fw 


idt^   t  2. 


(?^) 


;.uJ. 


7x./'.  '^'^^^^^ 


m 


o 


11  7 


